Daily GK Update- 16th Oct, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Ministry of Minority Affairs Launches Centre for Jain Studies at DAVV Indore under PMJVK to Promote Heritage Languages: The Ministry of Minority Affairs is supporting universities nationwide to establish Centres of Excellence for promoting and preserving heritage and classical languages under the Pradhan Mantri Jan Vikas Karyakram (PMJVK) initiative.As part of the programme, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya (DAVV), Indore, inaugurated its Centre for Jain Studies, approved at a cost of ₹27.16 crore, during a National Seminar on “Jainism and Indian Knowledge System” attended by senior officials and ministers.Ministry officials encouraged the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital tools for research and preservation, with similar Centres of Excellence already operational at University of Mumbai and Gujarat University for Pali, Prakrit, and Avesta Pahlavi studies, aiming to integrate traditional wisdom with modern learning.

 

2. DTNBWED and UPBOCWWB Collaborate to Empower Uttar Pradesh Construction Workers through Skill Development Training: The Dattopant Thengadi National Board for Workers Education & Development (DTNBWED) signed an MoU with the Uttar Pradesh Building and Other Construction Workers Welfare Board (UPBOCWWB) to empower construction workers through skill development under the Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) programme.In Phase 1, DTNBWED will implement 120-hour RPL training for 1,00,000 registered construction workers across 7 districts of Uttar Pradesh, aligning skills with NCVET standards, followed by assessment and certification, with plans to expand to 2,00,000 workers in subsequent phases.This collaboration strengthens the commitment of DTNBWED and UPBOCWWB to enhance employability, skill recognition, and social security for workers in the unorganised construction sector, marking a significant step in workforce capacity building in Uttar Pradesh.

 

3. India Drops to 85th in 2025 Henley Passport Index: The 2025 Henley Passport Index reveals shifts in global travel freedom. India’s passport rank has dropped to 85th, granting visa-free access to 57 countries. This marks a decline from 59 countries last year. The index ranks 199 passports worldwide by the number of destinations accessible without a visa. Singapore leads with access to 193 countries, reflecting Asia’s rising influence in global mobility. The Henley Passport Index, launched in 2005, ranks passports based on visa-free travel access. It updates annually to reflect changes in international visa policies. The index measures the freedom ordinary citizens have to travel globally without prior visa arrangements. It is widely used to gauge diplomatic relations and travel openness. India slipped five places to 85th in 2025. Indian passport holders can travel visa-free to 57 countries, down from 59 in 2024. The ranking has fluctuated over the years, peaking at 71 in 2006 and dipping to 90 in 2021. Visa-free countries include Bhutan, Indonesia, Mauritius, Nepal, and Trinidad and Tobago. Additionally, visas on arrival are available in 27 countries such as Sri Lanka, Maldives, Jordan, and Qatar.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India Showcases Global Leadership in Spice Standards at 8th Codex Committee Session Held in Guwahati: The 8th Session of the Codex Committee on Spices and Culinary Herbs (CCSCH) began in Guwahati, Assam, reinforcing India’s leadership in global spice standardisation.The event, organised by the Spices Board under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, brought together 81 delegates from 27 countries to discuss harmonised international standards for spices and culinary herbs.Established in 2013 at India’s initiative, the Codex Committee on Spices and Culinary Herbs operates under the Codex Alimentarius Commission of FAO and WHO, with India (through the Spices Board) serving as its Secretariat.

 

2. 16th WHO–IRCH Annual Meeting Commences in Jakarta to Boost Global Collaboration on Herbal Medicine Regulation: The 16th WHO–IRCH Annual Meeting is being held in Jakarta, Indonesia, from 14–16 October 2025, to strengthen global cooperation on herbal medicine regulation.The meeting focuses on harmonising regulatory frameworks and enhancing international collaboration to ensure the safety, quality, and efficacy of herbal medicines.India’s delegation, led by Dr. Raghu Arackal (Advisor, Ayurveda, Ministry of Ayush), includes Dr. Raman Mohan Singh (DDG & Director, PCIM&H) and Dr. Mahesh Dadhich (CEO, NMPB), showcasing India’s leadership in traditional medicine integration.A major highlight was the release of the Proceedings of the WHO–IRCH Workshops on “Safety and Regulation” and “Efficacy and Intended Use of Herbal Medicines”, organised by WHO and the Ministry of Ayush in Ghaziabad, India (6–8 August 2025).

 

3. 15 October – International Day of Rural Women: International Day of Rural Women is observed annually on 15 October to recognise the vital role of women in rural areas in agriculture, food production, and rural development.The day highlights the challenges faced by rural women, such as poverty, limited access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities, while celebrating their resilience and leadership.Theme 2025 – The Rise of Rural Women: Building Resilient Futures with Beijing+30 Established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2007, the day encourages governments, organizations, and communities to invest in initiatives that support and empower rural women worldwide.

 

4. 15 October – World White Cane Day: World White Cane Day is observed annually on 15 October to recognise the achievements of people who are blind or visually impaired and to highlight the importance of the white cane as a symbol of independence.Theme 2025 – Modernisation of the White Cane – Development of Visually Impaired PersonsThe white cane empowers visually impaired individuals by providing mobility, safety, and self-confidence, allowing them to navigate their surroundings independently.First celebrated in the United States in 1964, World White Cane Day now serves as an international observance advocating for the rights, empowerment, and inclusion of visually impaired individuals.

 

5. 15 October – World Students’ Day: World Students’ Day is observed annually on 15 October to honour the birth anniversary of former President of India, Dr APJ Abdul Kalam, and to recognise the achievements and potential of students worldwide.Theme 2025 – Empowering Students as Agents of Innovation and ChangeThe day emphasizes the importance of education, innovation, and youth empowerment, encouraging students to pursue knowledge, creativity, and leadership skills.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. India–South Korea Inaugural Naval Bilateral Exercise Kicks Off at Busan to Strengthen Strategic Maritime Partnership: The inaugural India–South Korea naval bilateral exercise began at Busan Naval Base, with INS Sahyadri participating to strengthen navy-to-navy cooperation and deepen the strategic partnership between the two countries.The exercise includes harbour and sea phases, featuring cross-deck visits, professional exchanges, sports fixtures, cross-training, and complex joint manoeuvres between INS Sahyadri and ROKS Gyeongnam to enhance interoperability and operational synergy.The exercise reflects India’s commitment to the Indo-Pacific as a responsible maritime stakeholder, promoting shared interests, common values, and laying the foundation for future larger-scale naval engagements with South Korea.

 

2. India Extends Astra Mark 2 Missile Range Beyond 200 km: India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation DRDO has announced plans to extend the Astra Mark 2 air-to-air missile range to over 200 kilometres. This development follows recent aerial conflicts and aims to strengthen India’s indigenous beyond visual range (BVR) combat capabilities. The Defence Ministry is set to discuss acquiring around 700 of these missiles for integration with Sukhoi and Light Combat Aircraft fleets. The Astra Mark 2 missile will have a range exceeding 200 kilometres, surpassing earlier targets of 160 kilometres. This increase places India among a select group of countries in the region with advanced long-range BVR missile technology. The extended range enables Indian fighter jets to engage enemy aircraft from greater distances, enhancing pilot safety and operational effectiveness.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. IndiaAI Launches ₹2.5 Crore Face Authentication Challenge to Strengthen Exam Integrity and Promote Ethical AI Innovation: IndiaAI, under the Digital India Corporation, launched the Face Authentication Challenge on 14 October 2025, inviting startups to create secure and scalable AI-based facial verification systems to prevent impersonation and duplicate entries in public exams.

The challenge carries a ₹2.5 crore prize pool, with the top two teams eligible for a two-year contract and up to ₹1 crore for final deployment of their solutions.The initiative builds on the success of the AI-based facial recognition pilot conducted by UPSC and NeGD during NDA and CDS exams in September, which reduced verification time to 8–10 seconds per candidate.Applications remain open till 25 October 2025 on indiaai.gov.in, aligning with the ₹10,372 crore IndiaAI Mission aimed at promoting ethical, responsible, and inclusive AI innovation across sectors.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Centre Extends Tenure of 16th Finance Commission to November 30 for Final Report Submission: The government has extended the tenure of the 16th Finance Commission by one month, now set to submit its report by November 30, 2025, instead of the original October 31 deadline.The 16th Finance Commission, chaired by former NITI Aayog vice-chairman Arvind Panagariya, was constituted on December 31, 2023, and will make recommendations on tax distribution between the Centre and states for five years starting April 1, 2026.The Commission consists of four members, assisted by Secretary Ritvik Pandey, two joint secretaries, and one economic advisor, including full-time members Annie George Mathew and Manoj Panda and part-time members Soumya Kanti Ghosh (SBI) and T Rabi Sankar (RBI).

 

2. IMF Raises India’s FY26 GDP Growth Forecast to 6.6%: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has raised India’s GDP growth forecast for FY26 by 20 basis points to 6.6%, citing a strong first quarter that offset the impact of the US rate hike, and also revised FY27 growth to 6.2%.The World Bank recently revised India’s FY26 GDP forecast to 6.5% (up from 6.3%) while slightly lowering FY27 growth to 6.3%, noting that India is expected to remain the world’s fastest-growing major economy driven by strong consumption growth.The Economic Survey projects FY26 GDP growth between 6.3% and 6.8%, while the IMF also raised global growth for 2025 to 3.2%, keeping the 2026 global growth forecast unchanged at 3.1%.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. TCIL Wins HR Excellence Award at Fortune Leadership Awards 2025 for Outstanding People-Centric Reforms and Innovation: Telecommunications Consultants India Limited (TCIL), a Miniratna Schedule ‘A’ PSU under the Department of Telecommunications, received the HR Excellence Award at the Fortune Leadership Awards 2025, held at Radisson Blu Plaza, Delhi, for its outstanding HR innovation, employee development, and inclusivity.Between 2021 and 2025, TCIL implemented major HR reforms under Mission Karmayogi, including function-wise restructuring, merit-based promotions, performance-linked management systems, reward mechanisms, and digitisation initiatives like E-Office and ERP.The company focused strongly on skill enhancement, with 58 executives earning global certifications in areas such as cybersecurity, networking, and auditing, boosting efficiency and delivery in high-value telecom and IT projects.

Daily GK Update- 15th Oct, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Piyush Goyal Unveils ‘LEAPS 2025’ to Promote Excellence, Innovation, and Sustainability in India’s Logistics Sector: Union Minister Piyush Goyal launched the Logistics Excellence, Advancement, and Performance Shield (LEAPS) 2025 during the 4th Anniversary of PM GatiShakti at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.LEAPS 2025, an initiative of DPIIT under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, aims to benchmark logistics excellence and align with the National Logistics Policy (NLP) and PM GatiShakti vision.The initiative promotes innovation, sustainability, and ESG practices, inviting participation from air, road, rail, and sea operators, MSMEs, startups, and academia across 13 award categories.Registrations are open on the Rashtriya Puraskar Portal (awards.gov.in) until 15th November 2025, aiming to build a future-ready logistics ecosystem supporting Make in India and Viksit Bharat 2047.

 

2. Alliance Air Unveils ‘Fare Se Fursat’ – India’s First Fixed Airfare Scheme to Make Flying Affordable and Predictable: Civil Aviation Minister Rammohan Naidu Kinjarapu launched ‘Fare Se Fursat’, a first-of-its-kind fixed airfare scheme by Alliance Air, ensuring constant fares irrespective of booking dates.The pilot phase will run from October 13 to December 31, 2025, across select routes to assess operational feasibility and passenger response.The initiative aligns with the UDAN scheme’s vision of making aviation affordable for the middle and lower-middle class, eliminating stress from fluctuating ticket prices.The scheme supports Tier-2 and Tier-3 city travelers, promoting “Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik”, and could set a new model for transparent and stable regional airfares in India.

 

3. NITI Aayog Releases Report on India’s Blue Economy to Harness Deep-Sea and Offshore Fisheries: NITI Aayog launched the report “India’s Blue Economy: Strategy for Harnessing Deep-Sea and Offshore Fisheries”, highlighting the potential of India’s 2 million sq. km EEZ and 11,098 km coastline to expand deep-sea fisheries.India is the second-largest fish-producing country, supporting 30 million livelihoods and earning ₹60,523 crore in exports during FY 2023–24, with deep-sea resources largely untapped.The report proposes a science-based, technology-enabled, socially inclusive, and ecologically sustainable framework, emphasising policy reform, fleet modernisation, community participation, and investment priorities.A three-phase strategy (2025-28, 2029-32, 2033 onwards) aims to strengthen governance, boost exports, ensure ecological sustainability, and position India as a global leader in sustainable deep-sea fisheries.

 

4. Arjun Ram Meghwal Launches LIMBS Live Cases Dashboard to Enhance Government Litigation Management: Union Minister of State for Law and Justice, Arjun Ram Meghwal, inaugurated the Live Cases Dashboard of the Legal Information Management and Briefing System (LIMBS) in New Delhi to enhance transparency, accountability, and efficiency in government litigation management.The dashboard provides details of all cases scheduled in the next seven days across the Supreme Court, High Courts, and other courts involving various ministries, allowing officers and ministers to monitor and receive updates directly from their office.LIMBS presents real-time data visualisation of court cases, enabling proactive decision-making, better inter-ministerial coordination, and efficient management of around 7 lakh live cases from 53 Ministries and Departments.

 

5. 15 October – Pregnancy and Infant Loss Remembrance Day: Pregnancy and Infant Loss Remembrance Day is observed every year on 15 October across the world to honour babies lost through miscarriage, stillbirth, SIDS, or infant death.The day seeks to provide comfort and support to grieving parents and families while raising public awareness about the impact of pregnancy and infant loss.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. NeGD Partners with Bharat Taxi to Launch India’s First Cooperative Ride-Hailing Platform: The National e-Governance Division (NeGD) of Digital India Corporation, under MeitY, has partnered with Sahakar Taxi Cooperative Limited to support Bharat Taxi, India’s first cooperative-led national ride-hailing platform.An MoU has been signed to provide strategic advisory and technical support in areas like platform integration, cybersecurity, data privacy, compliance, and governance.Bharat Taxi is promoted by major cooperatives and financial institutions such as NCDC, IFFCO, AMUL, KRIBHCO, NAFED, NABARD, NDDB, and NCEL, reflecting the cooperative movement aligned with the Digital India vision.NeGD’s support covers platform integration with national digital systems, security and compliance, program advisory, and UI/UX enhancements, aiming for a transparent, inclusive, and citizen-centric mobility solution launching in December 2025.

 

2. India and Mongolia Sign 10 MoUs, Strengthen Strategic, Cultural, and Economic Ties: India and Mongolia signed ten MoUs covering humanitarian aid, heritage restoration, immigration, geology and mineral resources, promotion of cooperatives, and sharing of digital solutions during Mongolian President Khurelsukh Ukhnaa’s visit to New Delhi.Both leaders released commemorative stamps marking 70 years of bilateral relations. India will provide free e-visas to Mongolian citizens and sponsor annual visits of young Mongolian cultural ambassadors. Collaboration between Nalanda University and Gandan Monastery will strengthen spiritual and educational ties.India supports Mongolia’s development, including the $1.7 billion Oil Refinery Project enhancing Mongolia’s energy security. Both nations reaffirmed shared values, close partnership in international forums, and cooperation in resilient supply chains and critical minerals.A Mongolian air carrier will operate charter flights to India, boosting tourism and business. The MoU on digital cooperation marks a landmark agreement, reflecting deep-rooted friendship and laying the foundation for closer collaboration across multiple sectors.

 

3. WSFx Global Pay and Zaggle Launch Co-Branded GlobalPay Forex Card for Seamless Corporate Travel: WSFx Global Pay and Zaggle have jointly launched the GlobalPay Co-Branded Forex Card in India, catering to both corporate and individual international travel needs.The card provides global airport lounge access, airport transit hotels, doorstep visa assistance, global SIM cards, instant travel insurance, and optional privileges like golf club access, airport spas, curated food & beverage, and valet services.Zaggle’s platform supports OCR-powered receipt capture, real-time spend tracking, automated expense approvals, and seamless reconciliation, ensuring transparency, control, and compliance for corporate transactions.The partnership combines GlobalPay’s forex expertise with Zaggle’s enterprise network to offer scalable, compliant solutions for international travel expenses, benefiting businesses and regulators alike.

 

4. 15 October – Global Handwashing Day: Global Handwashing Day is observed every year on 15 October to promote the importance of hand hygiene in preventing diseases and saving lives.Theme 2025 – It Might Be Gloves. It’s Always Hand Hygiene.The day was first launched in 2008 by the Global Handwashing Partnership, a coalition of international stakeholders.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. WTI Marks 25 Years of Van Rakshak Project, Honours India’s Forest Protectors: India’s forest protectors, known as Van Rakshaks, play a vital role in conserving the country’s biodiversity. A recent report by the Wildlife Trust of India (WTI) commemorates 25 years of support to these frontline staff. It marks their courage, sacrifices, and the challenges they face while safeguarding India’s forests and wildlife. The WTI released a report titled Guardians of the Wild – Supporting India’s Frontline Forest Staff in Abu Dhabi. It features stories of 540 rangers killed or injured in duty. The report was launched by Kirtivardhan Singh, Union Minister of State for Environment, Forest, and Climate Change. It emphasises the critical role of Van Rakshaks in protecting over 1,100 protected areas and numerous forests. Van Rakshaks patrol forests day and night. They monitor wildlife and address human-wildlife conflicts. They combat poaching and wildlife crime. Their work often involves life-threatening risks. They also respond to emergencies like forest fires and animal rescues. These duties demand physical endurance, vigilance, and deep knowledge of the ecosystem.

 

SPORTS

 

1. Valentin Vacherot Becomes Lowest-Ranked Player to Win ATP Masters 1000 Title at 2025 Shanghai Masters: Valentin Vacherot, a 26-year-old qualifier from Monaco, won his first ATP title at the 2025 Shanghai Masters by defeating his cousin Arthur Rinderknech 4-6, 6-3, 6-3 in the final.

Ranked 204, Vacherot became the lowest-ranked player ever to win a Masters 1000 event, including a remarkable semifinal victory over Novak Djokovic.The win propels him into the ATP top 50, earns him over $1.1 million, and was an emotional milestone, with Vacherot celebrating the victory with tears and family.

 

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. GalaxEye Launches India’s First Multi-Sensor Earth Observation Satellite: The Indian space-tech start-up GalaxEye announced the launch of ‘Mission Drishti’ in early 2026. This satellite is the world’s first multi-sensor Earth observation platform combining synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and high-resolution optical payloads. It marks step in India’s private space sector and global space technology. Mission Drishti weighs 160 kg and offers 1.5 metre resolution imagery. It is India’s largest privately built satellite and the highest resolution satellite developed domestically. The satellite is designed to operate in all weather conditions and at any time of day, providing continuous Earth observation capabilities. The satellite integrates multiple sensing technologies on a single platform. It carries synthetic aperture radar for imaging through clouds and darkness and high-resolution optical sensors for detailed visual data. This combination allows comprehensive geospatial analysis previously unavailable from a single satellite.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. National Household Income Survey (NHIS) 2026 to Measure Household Income Across India: NHIS 2026, the first pan-India survey on household income, will provide critical data on living conditions, income, and expenditure patterns, supporting poverty analysis, CPI rebasing, and national accounts preparation.Conducted by NSO under MoSPI, the survey builds on decades of National Sample Survey (NSS) experience capturing household welfare, consumption, employment, health, and assets.A Technical Expert Group (TEG), chaired by Dr. Surjit S. Bhalla, guided the survey design, and a pre-testing exercise was conducted across 15 Regional Offices covering urban and rural areas, affluent and non-affluent segments.Pre-testing helped refine the draft questionnaire, ensuring clarity, flow, reliability, and user-friendliness before final field deployment.The Draft Schedule and Pre-Testing Report have been uploaded on MoSPI’s website, inviting feedback from researchers, policymakers, institutions, and the public by 30th October 2025 to improve survey quality and policy relevance.

 

2. CotoPay launches India’s First e-RUPI Voucher Issuance Stack for Businesses: CotoPay has launched a platform enabling businesses to manage their expenses using the existing UPI ecosystem, bringing the convenience of UPI payments to corporate spends for both employees and businesses.Businesses can issue UPI Vouchers to employees, locked for specific purposes like meals, fuel, or general spends. Vouchers are non-transferable, redeemable only at merchant-linked accounts, and visible in existing UPI apps like Google Pay, BHIM, and bob iPay.Businesses gain full control and visibility over employee spends through CotoPay’s dashboard, tracking merchant name, time, date, and spend value, while any unutilized funds are automatically refunded to the business.

 

3. Muse Wearables Partners with NPCI to Launch India’s First Wearable Payments Ecosystem: Indian tech startup Muse Wearables has partnered with the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) to introduce India’s first wearable payments ecosystem using Muse Wallet and the RuPay network.Users can make instant, secure payments by tapping Muse’s smart ring, “Ring One,” on any NFC-enabled point-of-sale terminal, without needing a phone, card, or wallet.Muse Wallet, already operational in over 40 countries and supporting cards from nearly 600 banks, is bringing its platform to India via RuPay to provide easy and secure digital payments.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Sonali Ghosh Becomes First Indian to Win IUCN’s Kenton R. Miller Award for Innovation in National Parks: Sonali Ghosh, Director of Kaziranga National Park and Tiger Reserve, became the first Indian to receive the Kenton R. Miller Award for innovation in national parks and protected area sustainability.She was honoured by the World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) at a ceremony held in Abu Dhabi.The Kenton R. Miller Award, established in 2006, is presented biennially by the IUCN-WCPA to individuals or teams demonstrating impactful innovations in protected area management and sustainability.The WCPA, a key technical commission of the IUCN, works globally to promote effective governance, management, and conservation of national parks, reserves, and marine protected areas.

Daily GK Update- 14th Oct, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Arulmigu Ekambaranathar Temple in Kanchipuram to Hold Grand Consecration on December 8 After 17 Years: The Arulmigu Ekambaranathar Temple in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, will hold its consecration ceremony on December 8, 2025, after a 17-year gap, as announced by the state’s Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Minister P.K. Sekar Babu.The 1,300-year-old temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, received patronage from the Pallava, Chola, and Vijayanagara dynasties and is renowned for its tall Dravidian-style gateway tower.Due to 34 extensive renovation works costing around ₹28 crore, the consecration was delayed beyond the traditional 12-year cycle; restoration was carried out under strict preservation guidelines.In Turkey’s Denizli region, archaeologists unearthed a 2,700-year-old temple dedicated to the ‘Mother Goddess’, featuring a monumental structure, ritual cave, and twin stone statues reflecting Phrygian spiritual and artistic traditions.

 

2. GST Reforms Set to Boost Jharkhand’s Industrial Growth and Unlock Economic Potential: Jharkhand, formed in 2000, is rich in natural resources with vast iron ore reserves, strong steel and heavy engineering industries, and 29% forest cover, one of the highest in India.As a tribal-dominated state, Jharkhand’s economy also relies heavily on agriculture and allied sectors, providing livelihood to a large share of its population.The recent GST reforms have introduced significant tax rate reductions across key industries, unlocking Jharkhand’s economic growth potential and boosting industrial competitiveness.Jharkhand contributes 20–25% of India’s steel output, hosting major hubs like Jamshedpur (Tata Steel) and Bokaro (SAIL), supporting over 1 lakh workers and a strong MSME and vendor network in metal and engineering sectors.

 

3. Gurugram Launches India’s First QR Code-Based Traffic Challan Payment Kiosk: Gurugram becomes the first city in India to launch a QR code-based kiosk for digital payment of traffic challans, simplifying and speeding up the process.The kiosk, set up at Ambience Mall, was developed jointly by Gurugram Police and the Gurugram Metropolitan Development Authority under a CSR initiative.Drivers can check and pay outstanding challans by entering their vehicle number and scanning a QR code; however, court-pending or 90+ days overdue challans cannot be paid through it.Similar kiosks will soon be installed at other high-footfall locations, aiming to ease police workload and enhance citizen convenience using digital technology.

 

4. 13 October – Breast Cancer Awareness Day: Breast Cancer Awareness Day is observed on 13 October each year to raise awareness about breast cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment.The day emphasises the importance of regular screening, self-examination, and timely medical intervention to reduce mortality rates.

 

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India, EFTA Sign Landmark TEPA to Unlock $100 Billion Investment and Create 1 Million Jobs: India and EFTA (Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein) signed the Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA) on 10 March 2024, which came into effect on 1 October 2025, marking India’s first FTA with developed European nations.The agreement includes a $100 billion investment and 1 million job creation commitment over 15 years — the first binding pledge of its kind in any Indian FTA.TEPA enhances market access, technology cooperation, and sustainability, while protecting key sectors like dairy, soya, coal, and agriculture, and promoting services trade through professional mobility and digital delivery.

 

2. Monu Ratra Appointed as CEO of Capri Global Capital: Monu Ratra, former CEO of IIFL Home Finance, is set to join Capri Global Capital as the new Chief Executive Officer (CEO).At Capri Global, he will oversee overall operations and lead the company’s medium-term growth strategy, reporting directly to MD and promoter Rajesh Sharma.Capri Global Capital, a retail-focused NBFC with ₹24,753 crore AUM and 0.56 million customers, offers loans in MSME, gold, construction, and housing segments through its subsidiary, Capri Global Housing Finance.

 

3. 13 October – International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction: International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction (IDDRR) is observed on 13 October every year to promote a global culture of disaster prevention, mitigation, and preparedness.The day aims to raise awareness about reducing vulnerabilities and risks associated with natural and man-made disasters.Theme 2025 – Fund Resilience, Not Disasters

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Fourth Edition of India-Australia Joint Military Exercise AUSTRAHIND 2025 to Commence in Perth: The fourth edition of India-Australia joint military Exercise AUSTRAHIND 2025 will begin in Perth, Australia, with a 120-member Indian Army contingent led by a Battalion of Gorkha Rifles participating from various arms and services.The exercise aims to enhance military cooperation, improve interoperability, and allow participating armies to exchange tactics, techniques, and procedures in sub-conventional warfare in urban or semi-urban terrain, focusing on joint company-level operations in open and semi-desert areas.AUSTRAHIND 2025 will provide an opportunity to hone operational capabilities, integrate emerging technologies, and operate jointly in a combat environment, thereby strengthening defence cooperation and camaraderie between Indian and Australian Army troops.

 

2. Hamas–Doghmush Conflict, 2025: The Hamas–Doghmush conflict 2025 is a violent armed clashes that erupted in October 2025 between the Hamas movement, which governs the Gaza Strip, and the Doghmush clan, one of Gaza’s most powerful and influential families. The confrontation occurred shortly after a ceasefire temporarily halted the Gaza war and marked one of the most severe internal Palestinian armed conflicts in recent years. The fighting centred mainly in the Tel al-Hawa and Sabra neighbourhoods of Gaza City, resulting in significant casualties, widespread displacement of civilians, and renewed concerns over Hamas’s internal security measures during the fragile post-war period. Since seizing control of the Gaza Strip in 2007, Hamas has periodically launched crackdowns against individuals and groups accused of collaborating with Israel or challenging its authority. The group’s military courts have conducted summary trials and executions of alleged collaborators, acts repeatedly condemned by international human rights organisations as extrajudicial killings. Hamas, however, has justified these actions as essential to maintaining internal order and national security.
In the months preceding the 2025 conflict, Gaza had endured extensive devastation due to the 2024–2025 Gaza war, after which a ceasefire agreement took effect in October 2025. According to regional and international reports, immediately following the ceasefire, Hamas redeployed nearly 7,000 fighters to reassert control over the Strip, re-establish security institutions, and arrest individuals suspected of dissent or espionage. Dozens of people were detained, including members of rival political factions and clans hostile to Hamas.

 

SPORTS

 

1. Smriti Mandhana Creates History with Five Consecutive 50+ Scores Against Multiple Opponents in Women’s ODIs: Smriti Mandhana returned to top form in the ongoing Women’s World Cup against Australia, scoring 80 runs off 66 balls and achieving multiple world records, including being the fastest to 5000 ODI runs and the first batter to score over 1000 runs in a calendar year.She became the first player in the world to record five consecutive 50-plus scores against multiple opponents in ODIs, with her latest streak achieved against Australia.Over the last five innings against Australia, Mandhana has scored 485 runs, including three centuries, an 80, and a 58, with this run beginning at the WACA in Perth in December last year.

 

2. Sachin Tendulkar Launches ‘TEN x YOU’ Sportswear Brand to Inspire a Sport-Playing India: Sachin Tendulkar launched his new sportswear and athleisure brand “TEN x YOU” under SRT10 Athleisure Pvt. Ltd., co-founded with Karthik Gurumurthy and Karan Arora, aimed initially at cricket players and later for all sports enthusiasts.The brand focuses on India-specific designs, considering factors like wider feet, diverse body structures, and climate conditions, offering products tested for comfort, durability, and style across all playing levels.TEN x YOU plans to target ₹4–5 crore monthly revenue initially, aiming for ₹30–35 crore within 18 months, with future export plans, and shoe prices ranging from ₹5,000–₹9,000 per pair.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. EY India and Microsoft Launch Free ‘AI Skills Passport’ Programme to Bridge India’s AI Talent Gap: EY India has partnered with Microsoft to launch the AI Skills Passport, a free online programme aimed at providing quality AI education for learners aged 16 and above.The initiative seeks to equip students and early-career professionals with job-ready AI skills, following its global launch which saw over 40,000 enrolments and 13,000 completions.With only 31% of Indian professionals feeling adequately prepared to use AI tools (as per Nasscom), the programme aims to bridge the AI skills gap and support India’s growing demand for skilled AI talent in the digital economy.

 

2. Indian Railways to Collaborate with MapmyIndia’s Mappls App to Boost Swadeshi Digital Infrastructure: Indian Railways is set to sign an MoU with MapmyIndia to integrate its Mappls navigation app into the railway network, promoting the government’s “Har Ghar Swadeshi” initiative.The collaboration aims to enhance operational efficiency and safety in Indian Railways by leveraging a comprehensive indigenous navigation system.This partnership represents a broader push for self-reliant digital infrastructure, supporting local technology companies and demonstrating public-private collaboration for national development.

 

3. GalaxEye to Launch India’s Largest Privately Built Multi-Sensor EO Satellite ‘Mission Drishti’ in 2026: GalaxEye plans to launch ‘Mission Drishti’, the world’s first multi-sensor Earth Observation (EO) satellite, in the first quarter of 2026, marking India’s largest privately built satellite weighing 160 kg.Mission Drishti integrates Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and high-resolution optical payloads on a single platform, enabling all-weather, real-time Earth observation.This launch initiates GalaxEye’s satellite constellation program, with 8–12 satellites planned to be launched successively until 2029 for near-real-time global EO applications.The satellite will support governments, defence agencies, and industries in border surveillance, disaster management, infrastructure monitoring, agriculture, and financial/insurance assessment.GalaxEye’s proprietary Sync Fused Opto-SAR technology aims to revolutionise Earth observation, transforming space technology into actionable intelligence for businesses, governments, and communities.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. PM Modi Launches Rs 35,440 Crore Agriculture Schemes: The Government of India launched two agricultural schemes in 2025. Prime Minister Narendra Modi revealed the PM Dhan Dhaanya Krishi Yojana and the Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses. These initiatives aim to boost productivity, strengthen rural economies, and enhance farmers’ incomes across the country. The schemes come with a combined investment of over Rs 35,000 crore and target 100 specially selected districts. The PM Dhan Dhaanya Krishi Yojana focuses on crop diversification, sustainable farming, irrigation, storage, and credit availability. It integrates 36 government schemes for a unified approach. The Dalhan Atmanirbharata Mission aims to increase pulse production by expanding cultivation area and improving procurement and processing. It targets nutritional security and benefits nearly two crore pulse farmers.

 

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt Win 2025 Nobel Prize in Economics for Innovation-Driven Growth: Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt won the 2025 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for their work on innovation-driven economic growth.Mokyr highlighted the importance of scientific explanations for innovations, while Aghion and Howitt developed the concept of creative destruction, showing how new products replace older ones and drive growth.The Economics Nobel, officially called the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, has been awarded 56 times since 1968, with only three women among the laureates.

Daily GK Update- 13th Oct, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Karnataka Becomes First State to Implement Menstrual Leave Policy for Both Government and Private Sectors: Karnataka State Cabinet approved the Karnataka Menstrual Leave Policy-2025, granting one day of paid leave per month for women employees across both government and private sectors, making Karnataka the first state in India to cover all sectors.The policy follows recommendations from a Labour Department committee advocating paid menstrual leave and is applicable to all sectors employing women, aiming to support employee well-being and inclusion.

 

2. India to launch ‘Red List’ survey to assess extinction risks to plants and animals: India has launched the National Red List Assessment of Indian Flora and Fauna, a first-of-its-kind initiative to evaluate the extinction risk of nearly 11,000 species of plants and animals by 2030, following the IUCN Red List methodology.The project aims to create a science-based, nationally coordinated red-listing system and publish National Red Data Books on flora and fauna, supported by a user-friendly online database and a team of 300 certified assessors for future assessments.The initiative, led by the Ministry of Environment, involves key organisations like the Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), IUCN India, and the Wildlife Trust of India (WTI), aligning with India’s commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF).The ₹95 crore project, primarily funded by BSI and ZSI, seeks to strengthen conservation planning and policy-making amid alarming global biodiversity loss, as highlighted in the Living Planet Report 2024, which recorded a 73% decline in vertebrate species since 1970.

 

3. Sonali Sen Gupta Appointed as New Executive Director of RBI: Sonali Sen Gupta appointed as Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Executive Director with effect from October 9, 2025.She has over three decades of experience at RBI, previously serving as Regional Director for Karnataka, and has worked in departments like Financial Inclusion, HR Management, Banking Regulation, and Supervision.As Executive Director, she will oversee Consumer Education & Protection, Financial Inclusion & Development, and Inspection Departments; she holds an MBA in Banking & Finance and is a Certified Associate of IIBF.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. PM Modi Inaugurates Global Fintech Fest 2025 in Mumbai, Showcasing AI and Innovation in Finance: Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi addressed the Global Fintech Fest 2025 in Mumbai, Maharashtra, highlighting the role of technology in transforming the financial ecosystem.The event brought together over 100,000 participants from 75+ countries, including 7,500 companies, 800 speakers, 400 exhibitors, and 70 regulators, making it one of the world’s largest fintech gatherings.The fest’s theme, ‘Empowering Finance for a Better World’ – Powered by AI, Augmented Intelligence, Innovation, and Inclusion, emphasized the convergence of technology and human insight in creating an ethical and sustainable financial future, with participation from global regulators like MAS (Singapore), Deutsche Bundesbank (Germany), Banque de France, and FINMA (Switzerland).

 

2. Former UK PM Rishi Sunak Joins Microsoft and AI Startup Anthropic as Senior Adviser on Global Strategy: Former British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak has joined Microsoft and AI startup Anthropic as a senior adviser, focusing on global strategy, macroeconomic, and geopolitical trends.Sunak, who stepped down as Conservative Party leader after the July general election defeat, continues to serve as a Member of Parliament in the UK.His part-time advisory role with Anthropic is fully compliant with ACoBA regulations, restricting him from engaging with UK government officials on behalf of the company.

 

3. 11 October – World Migratory Bird Day: World Migratory Bird Day (WMBD) is observed on 11 October every year to raise awareness about the conservation of migratory birds and their habitats.Theme 2025 – Shared Spaces: Creating Bird-Friendly Cities and CommunitiesThe day highlights the threats migratory birds face, including habitat loss, climate change, hunting, and pollution, emphasising the need for global cooperation.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Indian Army to Deploy Indigenous ‘Saksham’ CUAS Grid System for Real-Time Drone Threat Neutralisation and Airspace Security: The Indian Army has initiated procurement of the indigenously developed ‘Saksham’ Counter-Unmanned Aerial System (CUAS) Grid System, designed to detect, track, identify, and neutralise hostile drones and unmanned aerial systems in real time across the Tactical Battlefield Space (TBS).Developed in collaboration with Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), Saksham integrates AI-driven analytics, CUAS sensors, weapons systems, and the Army Data Network (ADN) to create a real-time Recognised UAS Picture (RUASP) for commanders, enabling automated decision support and 3D battlefield visualisation.

 

2. Indian Army to Host UN Troop Contributing Countries Conclave in New Delhi from October 14: The Indian Army will host the Conclave of Chiefs of United Nations Troop Contributing Countries (UNTCC) in New Delhi from October 14, bringing together representatives from 32 UN troop-contributing nations, including 15 Chiefs and 17 Vice Chiefs.The three-day conclave aims to discuss operational challenges, evolving threats, best practices, and future peacekeeping strategies, reflecting the spirit of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam and India’s strong commitment to UN peace missions.

 

 

 

 

SPORTS

 

1. Rohit Sharma, Joe Root Shine at CEAT Cricket Rating Awards 2025: The 27th CEAT Cricket Rating Awards were held in Mumbai, honouring global cricket talents, with Rohit Sharma receiving a special memento for leading India to two ICC titles in 2024.Joe Root was named Best Male International Cricketer of the Year, while Brian Lara and Bhagwat Chandrasekhar were honoured with Lifetime Achievement Awards.Sri Lankan left-arm spinner Prabath Jayasuriya won the Men’s Test Bowler of the Year award, highlighting outstanding international cricket performances.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. DoT and ITU Host ‘AI for Good – Impact India’ Summit at IMC 2025 to Promote Responsible and Inclusive AI Innovation: The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) co-hosted the “AI for Good – Impact India” Conference 2025 at IMC 2025 in New Delhi, inaugurated by Dr. Neeraj Mittal and Mr. Bilel Jamoussi.The summit gathered global AI leaders, policymakers, industry experts, start-ups, and academia to discuss how AI can drive sustainable and inclusive development across sectors.ITU, founded in 1865, is a UN specialised agency for ICTs, responsible for setting global telecom standards, managing radio spectrum and satellite orbits, and promoting digital inclusion worldwide.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. RBI Issues ‘Letter of Caution’ to Axis Bank Over KYC Norms Non-Compliance: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued a ‘Letter of Caution’ to Axis Bank for non-compliance with Know-Your-Customer (KYC) norms, urging the bank to exercise extreme caution and diligence.RBI acknowledged the remedial actions and system improvements already undertaken by Axis Bank but emphasised the need for strict adherence to KYC regulations in the future.Axis Bank stated that it has initiated corrective measures and does not expect any material impact on its financial, operational, or other activities due to the cautionary letter.

 

2. HDFC Bank Unveils India’s First “My Business QR” Powered by Vyaparify to Digitally Empower Bharat’s SMEs’ : HDFC Bank has launched India’s first “My Business QR”, powered by Vyaparify, aimed at giving small and medium enterprises (SMEs) their first digital commerce identity and unifying payments, communication, and business visibility.The My Business QR serves as a single smart QR solution, integrating payments, identity, engagement, and commerce, thereby helping entrepreneurs manage and grow their businesses more efficiently.Vyaparify, the tech platform behind the innovation, enables businesses to create a digital identity, showcase products, collect payments, and connect via WhatsApp, serving as a commerce playbook for Bharat’s SMEs.

 

3. Razorpay, NPCI, and OpenAI Launch India’s First AI-Powered Agentic Payments on ChatGPT: Razorpay, NPCI, and OpenAI have collaborated to launch Agentic Payments on ChatGPT, enabling users in India to shop and pay within a single AI chat environment without leaving the platform.

The system leverages UPI innovations like UPI Circle and UPI Reserve Pay, backed by Axis Bank and Airtel Payments Bank, providing a seamless, secure, and real-time transactional experience for AI-powered shopping.BigBasket is among the first merchants to participate, allowing ChatGPT users to browse products, select items, and complete purchases via AI agents, with features like instant tracking, revocation, and user-controlled checkout, marking India’s first UPI-integrated conversational payment experience.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Delhi Government Triples Prize Money for State Handicraft Awards: The Delhi government has tripled the award money under the State Handicraft Awards Scheme to promote “Vocal for Local”, “Atmanirbhar Bharat”, and “Make in India” initiatives.The prize for the Rajya Shilpkaar Puraskar (State Award) has been increased from ₹30,000 to ₹1,00,000, and the Rajya Dakshata Puraskar (State Merit Award) from ₹20,000 to ₹75,000. The number of awards has also been doubled to six Shilpkaar Puraskars (including one reserved for women) and 18 Dakshata Puraskars across diverse craft forms.This marks the first major revision in 12 years, reflecting the government’s intent to value traditional craftsmanship and inspire artisans to innovate and preserve Delhi’s craft heritage.New categories have been introduced for startups, young artisans, women, and specially-abled craftsmen to ensure inclusivity and wider recognition.