Daily GK Update- 23rd Nov, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India hosts the second Regional Open Digital Health Summit (RODHS) 2025: The Regional Open Digital Health Summit 2025 (RODHS 2025) opened in New Delhi, bringing together leaders from India and South-East Asia to discuss how Digital Public Infrastructure, open standards, and technologies like Generative AI can strengthen Universal Health Coverage.Speakers from NeGD, WHO, UNICEF, NHA, and Ministry of Health emphasised the urgency of collaboration, interoperability, equity, and secure digital systems—highlighting India’s platforms such as ABDM, CoWIN, Aadhaar, and UPI as models of scalable Digital Public Infrastructure.Multiple sessions focused on key themes including open standards (FHIR), foundational DPI (identity, payments, registries, data exchange), interoperability, governance reforms, and AI-driven health innovation, with representatives from India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and the Maldives.The first day showcased Generative AI use cases—from AI diagnostics to multilingual patient engagement—demonstrating how scalable digital tools can transform healthcare and reinforcing the region’s commitment to equitable, secure, and interoperable digital health systems.

 

2. Justice Surya Kant Becomes India’s 53rd Chief Justice: Justice Surya Kant assumes office today as the 53rd Chief Justice of India, beginning a 14-month tenure that will focus on reducing case pendency and strengthening judicial efficiency. The oath will be administered by President Droupadi Murmu, following the recommendation of outgoing CJI Bhushan R. Gavai. Born on 10 February 1962 in Haryana, Justice Surya Kant began practising law in Hisar in 1984 before shifting to Chandigarh. He handled constitutional, civil and service matters and represented major institutions, including universities, corporations and the High Court. He became Advocate General of Haryana in 2000 and was designated senior advocate in 2001. Justice Surya Kant was elevated as a permanent judge of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in 2004. In 2018, he became Chief Justice of the Himachal Pradesh High Court. His elevation to the Supreme Court followed in May 2019. Since November 2024, he has served as Chairman of the Supreme Court Legal Services Committee, playing a key role in legal aid and access to justice.

 

3. Sonowal Observes Shramik Divas in Dibrugarh: Union minister Sarbananda Sonowal marked Shramik Kalyan Divas at Chabua in Dibrugarh, an event held to honour the legacy of Santosh Kumar Topno, a noted reformer from Assam’s tea garden community. The day highlighted the enduring contribution of workers and the ongoing efforts to improve welfare across tea-producing regions. Shramik Kalyan Divas commemorates the birth anniversary of Santosh Kumar Topno, whose work advanced labour rights and social upliftment in tea estates. The observance serves as a reminder of the historical struggles and continued demands for better working and living conditions in these communities. During the programme, Sonowal presented cheques to individuals and institutions recognised for their service in education, healthcare and welfare initiatives for tea garden workers. Infrastructure development in labour-dominated areas also featured prominently among the sectors acknowledged for performance.

4. Constitution 131st Amendment Bill 2025: The central government’s plan to table the Constitution (131st Amendment) Bill, 2025 has stirred political debate across Punjab and the wider Union Territory governance framework. The proposal concerns the administrative positioning of Chandigarh and its alignment with constitutional provisions governing Union Territories without legislatures. The Bill seeks to include Chandigarh under Article 240 of the Constitution. This Article empowers the President to issue regulations for specified Union Territories that do not have their own legislative assemblies. By bringing Chandigarh under this provision, the Union Territory would be treated similarly to Lakshadweep, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Puducherry in special circumstances, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. If enacted, the amendment would allow the President to frame rules directly for Chandigarh. This would streamline central oversight and place the Union Territory in the same administrative category as other centrally governed territories. It may also influence the current arrangement where the Governor of Punjab serves simultaneously as the Administrator of Chandigarh, potentially paving the way for a separate administrative structure.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Canada and India Resume High-Level Trade Talks: Canada and India have agreed to revive negotiations for a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, aiming to double bilateral trade by 2030. The decision comes after a two-year diplomatic freeze and reflects both nations’ interest in expanding economic engagement amid shifting global trade priorities. The announcement followed a meeting between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney on the sidelines of the G20 summit in Johannesburg. Both leaders expressed commitment to concluding a high-ambition trade pact designed to push two-way trade to USD 50 billion by 2030. Carney said the renewed dialogue would open substantial opportunities for businesses in both countries. Trade talks were suspended in 2023 after tensions escalated over allegations relating to the killing of a Canadian Sikh separatist. Despite the diplomatic rift, bilateral trade grew modestly, although it remained small relative to India’s economic size. Recent high-level interactions, including Modi’s meeting with Carney at the G7 summit earlier this year, helped revive political momentum.

 

2. Irish Designer Paul Costelloe Dies at 80: Irish fashion icon Paul Costelloe has died in London at the age of 80, ending a career that spanned five decades and helped elevate Irish design to global prominence. His family confirmed that he passed away peacefully after a short illness, surrounded by his wife and seven children. Costelloe was born in Dublin, where his father managed a successful raincoat manufacturing business. He studied at the Grafton Academy of Fashion Design before moving to Paris, where he trained at the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture. These formative years shaped his technical expertise and his affinity for classic European tailoring. In 1979, Costelloe launched his own label, Paul Costelloe Collections. His work became a fixture at London Fashion Week and was showcased in Paris, Milan and New York. His reputation soared when he became the personal designer to Diana, Princess of Wales in 1983, a partnership that lasted until her death in 1997 and cemented his place in international fashion.

 

3. India, Australia and Canada Launches ACITI Partnership: India has announced a new trilateral framework with Australia and Canada to deepen cooperation in advanced technologies and clean energy. The initiative was revealed after a meeting between the leaders of the three countries on the sidelines of the G20 Summit. The three nations have launched the Australia-Canada-India Technology and Innovation (ACITI) Partnership. The framework aims to strengthen collaboration across democratic partners positioned across the Indo-Pacific and the Atlantic. The initiative focuses on emerging technologies, sustainable innovation and the diversification of strategic supply chains. According to the joint statement, the partnership will build on each country’s natural strengths to advance research, development and commercialisation of clean energy systems. The agenda includes green hydrogen, battery technologies, critical minerals and low-emission manufacturing. The three nations also intend to enhance cooperation on resilient supply chains that support reliable access to essential minerals and components.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

 

SPORTS

 

1. Aonishiki Arata Becomes First Ukrainian to Win a Sumo Tournament: Ukrainian-born sumo wrestler Danylo Yavhusishyn, known professionally as Aonishiki Arata, has created history by becoming the first athlete from Ukraine to claim a major sumo tournament title. The 21-year-old secured victory at the Kyushu Grand Sumo Tournament after defeating Mongolian grand champion Hoshoryu in a decisive tie-breaker. Competing at the Fukuoka Kokusai Center, Aonishiki delivered a composed and powerful performance to seal the championship. His victory speech, given fluently in Japanese, reflected both gratitude and ambition as he expressed his goal of rising further in the sport’s rankings. His achievement marks a significant breakthrough for non-Japanese wrestlers emerging from conflict-affected regions. Since turning professional in July 2023, Aonishiki has moved swiftly through the divisions, reaching the upper ranks within a single year. His ascent is one of the fastest recorded since the modern six-tournament calendar was established in 1958. The Japan Sumo Association is expected to hold a special meeting to consider his promotion to the rank of ozeki, the position just below yokozuna.

 

2. India Clinch Inaugural Blind Women’s T20 World Cup Title: India recorded a landmark achievement by winning the first-ever Blind Women’s T20 World Cup, defeating Nepal by seven wickets in a commanding final performance at Colombo’s P. Saravanamuttu Stadium. The triumph completed India’s unbeaten run in a tournament co-hosted across New Delhi, Bengaluru and Colombo. India chose to field first and quickly established control. Nepal were held to 114 for 5 in 20 overs, managing only a single boundary in the entire innings. Sarita Ghimire’s 35 off 38 balls held the Nepal innings together, but constant pressure from India’s B1, B2 and B3 bowlers ensured the scoring rate remained subdued throughout. The target was chased down with authority. India reached 117 for 3 in 12.1 overs, with Phula Saren delivering a decisive 44 off 27 balls. Her innings, which included four boundaries, eliminated any tension and kept India far ahead of the required run rate. The batting display reflected the confidence gained from a flawless league phase.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Operation Crystal Fortress Uncovers Major Meth Trafficking Network: A joint operation by the Narcotics Control Bureau and Delhi Police has resulted in the seizure of 329 kg of methamphetamine valued at Rs 262 crore, marking one of the biggest drug recoveries recorded in the national capital. The crackdown, codenamed Operation Crystal Fortress, targeted a transnational cartel using Delhi as a key distribution hub. Teams recovered the consignment from a residence in Chattarpur, south Delhi, on 20 November. Two suspects have been arrested so far, including Shane Waris from Uttar Pradesh and Esther Kinimi from Nagaland. Their detention followed intelligence inputs, technical surveillance and coordinated action with state agencies. Investigators revealed that the cartel operated through layered handlers, fake SIM cards and encrypted messaging platforms. Waris reportedly liaised with couriers and logistics-based intermediaries under instructions from foreign operators. Kinimi allegedly supervised deliveries routed through hired riders and rented safe houses to avoid detection.

 

2. Primordial Cluster Discovery in the Kuiper Belt: Astronomers have reported indications of a possible primordial cluster located beyond Neptune, deep within the Kuiper Belt. The finding suggests the presence of an ancient group of icy bodies that may have remained undisturbed since the solar system’s earliest era. This evidence could reshape current understanding of the outer solar system’s formation and its long-term evolution. The Kuiper Belt stretches from roughly 30 to 50 astronomical units from the Sun. It contains millions of icy remnants from the early solar nebula. These bodies range from small fragments to large dwarf planets. The region, shaped by the gravitational influence of giant planets, preserves signatures of primordial conditions that are no longer observable closer to the Sun. A Princeton-led team has highlighted a dense cluster of objects at about 43 AU. These bodies follow extremely stable, low-eccentricity orbits. Such stability indicates minimal disturbance over billions of years. Researchers suggest that this may represent a previously unknown inner primordial grouping that predates other known Kuiper Belt structures.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Insurance Bill Proposes 100% FDI to Boost Sector Growth: The government has moved a significant step toward reshaping India’s insurance landscape by listing the Insurance Laws (Amendment) Bill for the upcoming winter session of Parliament. The draft legislation seeks to enhance foreign investment limits, streamline regulatory structures, and widen access to insurance services across the country. A key feature of the proposed legislation is the plan to raise the foreign direct investment ceiling from 74 per cent to 100 per cent. This change, aligned with the FY26 Budget announcement, aims to attract sustained overseas capital. The enhanced limit will apply to companies that invest the entire premium in India. Existing restrictions on foreign participation are expected to be simplified, creating a more investor-friendly environment. The bill incorporates amendments to three major laws: the Insurance Act 1928, the Life Insurance Corporation Act 1956, and the IRDAI Act 1999. These revisions aim to improve affordability and accessibility of insurance products, support industry expansion, and reduce procedural bottlenecks. The overarching objective is to encourage deeper penetration and strengthen market development.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Oscars 2026: Animation, Documentary and International Films Announced: The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has released the full list of films eligible for the 98th Oscars across Best Animated Feature, Best Documentary Feature and Best International Feature categories. This year’s lineup features a diverse global mix, including major streaming hits, animated blockbusters and acclaimed international titles. Netflix’s global success “KPop Demon Hunters” headlines the list of 35 eligible animated features. Its qualifying theatrical run in key US cities ensured compliance with Academy rules. Other major entries include Disney’s “Elio” and “Zootopia 2,” Neon’s “Arco,” GKids’ “Little Amelie or the Character of Rain,” Japan’s “Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba Infinity Castle,” and India’s high-grossing “Mahavatar Narsimha.” Notably, China’s “Ne Zha 2” is absent from the list. The documentary feature race has attracted 201 submissions, the highest among all categories this year. Members of the documentary branch will vote to produce a shortlist of 15 films on 16 December, which will later be narrowed to five official nominees. A number of high-profile investigative, cultural and historical documentaries are expected to compete intensely for limited slots.

Daily GK Update- 22nd Nov, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. NBA Releases ₹40 Crore to Boost Red Sanders Conservation in Andhra Pradesh: The National Biodiversity Authority has released ₹36 crore to the Andhra Pradesh Forest Department and ₹1.48 crore to the Andhra Pradesh State Biodiversity Board for conserving Red Sanders, taking India’s Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) disbursements to over ₹110 crore.Red Sanders, known for its deep red timber, grows naturally only in specific parts of the Eastern Ghats, mainly in Anantapur, Chittoor, Kadapa, Prakasam and Kurnool districts of Andhra Pradesh.A total of ₹87.68 crore was generated through regulated access to auctioned/seized Red Sanders wood, while over ₹49 crore has already been disbursed to forest departments of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Odisha, and to farmers (₹3 crore to 198 farmers in AP and ₹55 lakh to 18 farmers in Tamil Nadu).

 

2. Ministry of Steel Launches ‘SARAL SIMS’ to Simplify Steel Import Registration for Small Importers: The Ministry of Steel has launched ‘SARAL SIMS’ to simplify compulsory registration under the Steel Import Monitoring System, especially for small importers and export-linked imports under Advance Authorisation, SEZ, and EOU routes.Under SARAL SIMS, importers need to declare only the total intended annual quantity, after which they receive a SARAL SIMS number that allows multiple steel consignments to be imported in that year without needing separate SIMS numbers for each consignment.If actual imports under SARAL SIMS exceed 1000 MT in a financial year, importers must shift to the regular SIMS system, and once shifted, they cannot return to SARAL SIMS for that financial year; for FY 2025-26, a temporary lower threshold of 500 MT applies until April 2026.The regular SIMS process has also been simplified by reducing required data fields from 56 to 20, and importers must file an Annual Return detailing actual imports under SARAL SIMS by 30th April of the next financial year.

 

3. “Humara Shauchalaya, Hamara Bhavishya” Campaign Launched to Strengthen Rural Sanitation Nationwide: The Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation launched the nationwide campaign “Humara Shauchalaya, Hamara Bhavishya” on World Toilet Day 2025, running from 19 November to 10 December, to promote the importance of toilets and safe sanitation for a cleaner future.The campaign focuses on functionality assessment, repair, and aesthetic improvement of rural toilets—both Community Sanitary Complexes (CSCs) and Individual Household Latrines (IHHLs)—in line with the goals of Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen).It aims to raise awareness, especially in schools, on hygiene practices, proper faecal waste handling, and strengthening community participation (Jan Bhagidari) for sustaining ODF and ODF Plus achievements.States and UTs are tasked with engaging local personalities, community groups, youth organizations, and schoolchildren, while also recognizing sanitation workers and distributing IHHL sanction letters during the campaign.

 

4. Four Labour Codes come into force from today, reforming 29 existing laws: The Centre has implemented all four Labour Codes — Code on Wages (2019), Industrial Relations Code (2020), Code on Social Security (2020), and OSHWC Code (2020) — effective 21 November 2025, replacing 29 Central labour laws.The new framework expands minimum wage entitlement, timely wage payment, appointment letters, and extends social-security coverage, including to gig and platform workers.Under the Social Security Code, ESI coverage becomes pan-India, applicable even to establishments with one hazardous worker; women can work night shifts across sectors with safety measures.Fixed-term employees get benefits equal to permanent workers, including gratuity after one year; improved protections are provided for contract, migrant and older workers with mandatory annual health check-ups.Compliance is simplified through single registration, single licence, and single return, with an inspector-cum-facilitator model; Industrial Tribunals and dispute mechanisms are streamlined for faster resolution.

 

5. 21st November – National Philosophy Day: National Philosophy Day is observed on 21st November to promote critical thinking, intellectual dialogue, and reflection on ethical, social, and cultural issues. Theme 2025 – Philosophy and Global Dialogue in the Digital Era The day highlights the importance of philosophy in shaping human values, encouraging clarity of thought, reason-based decision-making, and moral responsibility.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. GeM–UN Women Sign MoU to Strengthen Women Entrepreneurs’ Participation in Public Procurement: GeM, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, and UN Women signed an MoU to empower women entrepreneurs—especially from the informal sector—by integrating them into India’s public procurement system through training, validation support, and global best practices.

UN Women will create training modules, promote the Womaniya platform, share success stories, encourage Udyam registration, and support onboarding of women-led businesses while mobilising women trainers.GeM will conduct capacity-building workshops, train government buyers, provide vernacular learning material, engage women trainers, and link women entrepreneurs with R&D labs to boost product development, gender-responsive procurement, and SDG-5 outcomes.

 

2. 21st November – World Hello Day: World Hello Day is observed every year on 21st November to promote peace, communication, and dialogue between people worldwide.The day encourages individuals to say “Hello” to at least 10 people as a simple act to show that conflicts can be resolved through discussion rather than violence.Started in 1973, World Hello Day was created in response to the Yom Kippur War to emphasize the importance of peaceful communication.

 

3. Malaysia to Ban Social Media for Users under 16: Malaysia will implement a nationwide restriction prohibiting users under 16 from accessing social media platforms starting next year, becoming part of a growing global movement to regulate children’s online activity. The decision aims to curb cyberbullying, scams and exploitation amid rising concerns over digital safety. Communications Minister Fahmi Fadzil confirmed that Malaysia is studying international models, including those in Australia, to enforce strict age limits. Authorities emphasise the need to protect minors from online risks such as harassment, financial fraud and child sexual abuse. The government expects platforms to comply with the new age requirement by next year. Several countries are tightening controls on youth access to digital platforms. Australia will begin disabling accounts belonging to users under 16, while multiple European nations — including France, Spain, Italy, Denmark and Greece — are jointly testing an age verification framework. The trend reflects broad concern over the mental health impact of social media on teenagers.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. India–France Sign Key DRDO–DGA Agreement to Boost Joint Defence Technology and R&D Cooperation: DRDO (India) and the Directorate General of Armaments (France) signed a technical agreement to strengthen joint defence research, development, testing, training, and information exchange for future defence needs.The agreement enables the transfer of technology, equipment, and know-how between both nations and includes collaborative programmes such as workshops, seminars, and joint R&D activities.Key cooperation areas include aeronautics, unmanned systems, advanced materials, cybersecurity, AI, space technologies, navigation, propulsion, sensors, quantum technologies, and underwater systems, aiming to develop next-generation defence solutions.

 

2. Indian Navy Commissions Indigenous Anti-Submarine Vessel Mahe: The Indian Navy will commission Mahe, the first vessel of the Mahe-class Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft, marking a major milestone in India’s drive toward naval self-reliance. The ceremony at the Naval Dockyard in Mumbai signifies the induction of a new generation of fast, compact and highly indigenous shallow-water combatants. The event will be hosted by Vice-Admiral Krishna Swaminathan, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Western Naval Command, with the Chief of the Army Staff General Upendra Dwivedi presiding. This commissioning underscores joint service cooperation at a time of growing emphasis on maritime security. Mahe has been conceived as a “Silent Hunter” for the Western Seaboard. With its blend of stealth, agility and firepower, the vessel is equipped to detect and neutralise submarines, undertake coastal patrols and secure vital approaches to Indian ports. Its capabilities position it as a key asset for dominating littoral zones where mobility and rapid response are crucial.

 

SPORTS

 

1. Roger Federer Elected to International Tennis Hall of Fame Class of 2026: Swiss tennis legend Roger Federer, the first man to win 20 Grand Slam singles titles, has been elected to the International Tennis Hall of Fame (ITHF) Class of 2026 in his first year of eligibility.Federer, who retired in 2022 after winning 103 career titles, was the only player to receive the required 75% votes in the player category for the 2026 induction.The official induction ceremony will take place in August 2026 at Newport, Rhode Island, marking a major honour in his legendary tennis career.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. India hosts the second Regional Open Digital Health Summit (RODHS) 2025: The Regional Open Digital Health Summit 2025 (RODHS 2025) opened in New Delhi, bringing together leaders from India and South-East Asia to discuss how Digital Public Infrastructure, open standards, and technologies like Generative AI can strengthen Universal Health Coverage.Speakers from NeGD, WHO, UNICEF, NHA, and Ministry of Health emphasised the urgency of collaboration, interoperability, equity, and secure digital systems—highlighting India’s platforms such as ABDM, CoWIN, Aadhaar, and UPI as models of scalable Digital Public Infrastructure.Multiple sessions focused on key themes including open standards (FHIR), foundational DPI (identity, payments, registries, data exchange), interoperability, governance reforms, and AI-driven health innovation, with representatives from India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and the Maldives.The first day showcased Generative AI use cases—from AI diagnostics to multilingual patient engagement—demonstrating how scalable digital tools can transform healthcare and reinforcing the region’s commitment to equitable, secure, and interoperable digital health systems.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. India Releases Top 100 NBFCs Ranking 2025 Based on AUM: India’s NBFC sector remains a major pillar of the financial system, with total assets reaching ₹45 trillion in 2025, driven by strong growth in consumer credit, MSME financing, vehicle loans, gold loans, and digital lending models. India’s Top 100 NBFCs Ranking 2025 has been released by Elets Technomedia and The Banking & Finance Post, based entirely on Assets Under Management (AUM) using audited data from FY24–FY25.sA rigorous, transparent methodology was used, sourcing data from balance sheets, annual reports, credit rating rationales, and regulatory filings, ensuring credibility and comparability across institutions.Power Finance Corporation (PFC) topped the ranking with an AUM of ₹11.78 lakh crore, followed by REC, Bajaj Finance, LIC Housing Finance, and Tata Capital, reflecting the dominance of large, diversified lenders in India’s NBFC ecosystem.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Chhattisgarh’s 12 Districts Win National Water Awards for Outstanding Water Conservation Efforts: Twelve districts of Chhattisgarh received national recognition at the 6th National Water Awards and Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari 1.0 Awards, with President Droupadi Murmu felicitating them for exemplary water conservation and community-driven initiatives.Raipur, Rajnandgaon, Mahasamund, Balodabazar–Bhatapara, Balod, Bilaspur, Durg, Balrampur, and others secured top rankings across multiple categories for constructing lakhs of water structures and promoting public participation. Several districts received major incentives, including ₹2 crore for Rajnandgaon and Balod, ₹1 crore for Balodabazar–Bhatapara, and ₹25 lakh each for Bilaspur, Durg, and Balrampur, recognising their large-scale water conservation achievements.

Daily GK Update- 21st Nov, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India Post Unveils First Gen Z-Themed Revamped Post Office at IIT Delh: India Post inaugurated the first Gen Z-themed revamped Post Office at IIT Delhi, marking a major step in its modernisation and youth-centric transformation vision led by Communications Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia.The Campus Post Office has been redesigned with student collaboration, featuring modern aesthetics, Wi-Fi zones, creative graffiti, and artwork by the IIT Fine Arts Society, along with smart services like QR-based parcel booking and Speed Post student discounts.This initiative is part of a nationwide project to revamp 46 Post Offices in educational campuses by 15 December, aiming to enhance postal engagement for students and young citizens.

 

2. ISAM to Host 64th Annual Aerospace Medicine Conference at IAM Bengaluru: The Indian Society of Aerospace Medicine (ISAM) hosted its 64th annual conference at the Institute of Aerospace Medicine (IAM), Bengaluru, inaugurated by Air Chief Marshal AP Singh.Around 300 delegates, including DRDO and ISRO scientists, will participate, with major orations like the Air Marshal Subroto Mukherjee Memorial Oration and Air Vice Marshal M. M. Srinagesh Memorial Oration.With the theme ‘Innovations in Aerospace Medicine: Infinite Possibilities’, the conference will present 100+ scientific papers, focusing on advancements in aerospace medicine, research, safety, and human factors in aviation and spaceflight.

 

3. PM Modi Releases 21st PM-Kisan Instalment: Prime Minister Narendra Modi released the 21st instalment of PM Kisan Samman Nidhi, disbursing ₹18,000 crore to over 9 crore farmers in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.Under the scheme, eligible farmers receive ₹2,000 every four months (₹6,000 annually) through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT); PM Modi also inaugurated the South India Natural Farming Summit during the event.The previous 20th instalment (released in August) benefited 9.8 crore farmers, including 2.4 crore women, and so far over ₹3.9 lakh crore has been disbursed across the first 20 instalments.

 

4. Government Expands PMFBY to Cover Wild Animal Attacks and Paddy Inundation from Kharif 2026: The Agriculture Ministry has expanded the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) coverage by officially recognising Wild Animal Attacks and Paddy Inundation as eligible causes of crop loss, addressing long-standing demands of several states.Wild Animal Attack is now included as the 5th Add-on Cover under Localised Risk, with states required to list damaging species and identify vulnerable districts based on past data; farmers must report losses within 72 hours using the Crop Insurance App with geotagged photos.The updated framework, aligned with PMFBY Operational Guidelines, will be implemented nationwide from Kharif 2026, ensuring scientific, transparent and tech-enabled claim settlements for sudden, severe, localised crop damage.The move will significantly benefit farmers in wildlife-conflict-prone regions and flood/coastal states, including Odisha, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Assam, Tamil Nadu and Uttarakhand, making PMFBY more inclusive, farmer-friendly, and resilient.

5. JD(U) chief Nitish Kumar will take oath as CM of Bihar for the 10th time: Nitish Kumar was sworn in as Chief Minister of Bihar for a record 10th time on 20 November 2025, following the National Democratic Alliance’s landslide victory in the state assembly elections.The swearing‑in ceremony was held at the historic Gandhi Maidan in Patna, attended by key national leaders, including Narendra Modi and other senior Cabinet ministers of the NDA.The NDA’s ally parties, BJP, JD(U), LJP(RV), HAM and RLM collectively achieved a massive victory by securing 202 seats in the 243-member assembly, crossing the majority mark.Nitish’s party won 85 seats, while the saffron party emerged as the largest party with 89 seats. Among the other parties, LJP(RV) won 19 seats, HAM won 5, and RLM won 4 seats.Since 1946, 23 individuals have served as Chief Minister of Bihar. Nitish Kumar first served from 24 November 2005 – 20 May 2014, a total of 8 years, 177 days.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India Secures Fresh Term on Codex Executive Committee: India was unanimously re-elected to the Executive Committee of the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CCEXEC) for the Asia region until 2027, reinforcing its leadership in shaping global food standards.Led by Rajit Punhani (CEO, FSSAI), India pushed for modernising Codex processes, improved global databases, and the use of AI for translation and documentation, while emphasising Asia-specific data in global standards.

India contributed to major advancements, including adoption of standards for fresh dates, progress on curry leaves, improved guidelines on pesticide residue reference materials, and updates to reduce aflatoxin contamination.

 

2. Austria and Malta to Join Nagaland as Country Partners for Hornbill Festival 2025: Austria and Malta will join Nagaland as new Country Partners for the Hornbill Festival 2025, alongside existing partners like the UK, Ireland, and Switzerland.The partnerships were confirmed after Chief Minister Neiphiu Rio met officials from both nations in New Delhi, including Malta’s High Commissioner Reuben Gauci and Austria’s Deputy Head of Mission Dr. Gisela Kristoferitsch.Malta expressed that the collaboration will enhance people-to-people ties and future partnerships, while Austria plans to send trade delegations to explore multi-sector opportunities.

 

3. 20 November 2025 – World Philosophy Day: World Philosophy Day is observed every year on the third Thursday of November, and in 2025, it falls on 20 November, highlighting the importance of philosophical thinking in promoting peace and global understanding.The day was established by UNESCO in 2002 to encourage critical thinking, reason-based dialogue, and reflection on universal values such as justice, ethics, and human dignity.The observance promotes the use of philosophy to address modern challenges, including AI ethics, environmental responsibility, human rights, and fostering tolerance in diverse societies.

 

4. 20 November – Africa Industrialisation Day: Africa Industrialisation Day is observed annually on 20 November to promote industrial development and economic diversification across African nations.The day was established by the United Nations in 1989 to highlight the importance of industrialization in Africa for poverty reduction, job creation, and sustainable development.It encourages governments, private sectors, and international partners to invest in manufacturing, technology, and innovation to strengthen Africa’s industrial base.

 

5. 20 November – World Children’s Day: World Children’s Day is celebrated annually on 20 November to promote international togetherness, awareness of children’s rights, and improving the welfare of children worldwide.Theme 2025 – My day, my rights and For every child, every right.The day commemorates the adoption of the UN Declaration of the Rights of the Child in 1959 and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989.It encourages governments, organizations, and communities to focus on issues such as education, health, protection, and overall well-being of children.

 

6. 21 November – World Television Day: World Television Day is observed annually on 21st November, as proclaimed by the United Nations to highlight the impact of television on communication and global awareness.The day recognizes television as a powerful tool for informing, educating, and shaping public opinion, especially during global events and crises.It celebrates the medium’s role in promoting cultural exchange, fostering dialogue, and supporting democratic participation across societies.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Tejas Aircraft Crashes at Dubai Air Show: An Indian Air Force Tejas Light Combat Aircraft crashed during an aerial display at the Dubai Air Show, resulting in the death of the pilot and marking only the second recorded accident in the fighter’s 24-year history. The incident, witnessed by thousands at one of the world’s largest aviation exhibitions, has renewed focus on the aircraft’s capabilities, safety record and development journey. The crash occurred at around 2.15 pm local time as the LCA was performing aerobatic manoeuvres at low altitude. Eyewitness footage showed the aircraft suddenly pitching downward before exploding on impact. Emergency teams responded swiftly, but the pilot succumbed to injuries. The IAF has ordered a court of inquiry to determine the cause. Initial accounts suggest the jet failed to recover from a negative G-force turn. Such manoeuvres, part of the aircraft’s certified aerobatic profile, can induce disorientation or impair pilot control if recovery is delayed. Negative G creates a weightless state as the aircraft accelerates downward, shifting blood flow and affecting response time. Experts note that Tejas is capable of such manoeuvres, but precision is critical during display routines.

 

 

 

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Oscars 2026: Animation, Documentary and International Films Announced: The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has released the full list of films eligible for the 98th Oscars across Best Animated Feature, Best Documentary Feature and Best International Feature categories. This year’s lineup features a diverse global mix, including major streaming hits, animated blockbusters and acclaimed international titles. Netflix’s global success “KPop Demon Hunters” headlines the list of 35 eligible animated features. Its qualifying theatrical run in key US cities ensured compliance with Academy rules. Other major entries include Disney’s “Elio” and “Zootopia 2,” Neon’s “Arco,” GKids’ “Little Amelie or the Character of Rain,” Japan’s “Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba Infinity Castle,” and India’s high-grossing “Mahavatar Narsimha.” Notably, China’s “Ne Zha 2” is absent from the list.

 

2. India Records 0.9°C Temperature Rise in Past Decade: A new multi-institutional climate study reports that India’s average temperature rose by nearly 0.9°C between 2015 and 2024. The findings highlight a sharp increase in warm days and a surge in regionally varied extreme weather events, underscoring the urgency for climate adaptation strategies nationwide. The study notes that the hottest day of the year has warmed by 1.5–2°C in western and northeast India since the 1950s. Researchers observe clear escalation in heatwaves, with warm days increasing by 5–10 days per decade. Mountain regions, coastal belts and plains each show distinct climate stress patterns, driven by rising temperatures and altered rainfall behaviour. The Hindukush Himalayas are experiencing accelerated warming and glacier retreat, while the Indo-Gangetic plains report heightened heat stress and declining monsoon-season rainfall. Northwest and western India show an increase in warm days, warm nights and extreme rainfall. Coastal zones, particularly the western coast, face rising sea levels and more severe tropical cyclones.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. HDFC Bank Becomes India’s Most Valuable Brand Again, Overtaking TCS in 2025: HDFC Bank reclaimed the title of India’s most valuable brand in the 2025 Kantar BrandZ Report, with a brand value of $44.9 billion, surpassing TCS.The bank’s brand value has surged 377% since 2014, driven by strong financial performance and innovative brand assets like “Vigil Aunty” and the 30-minute digital auto loan post its merger with HDFC Ltd.India’s top 100 brands are together valued at $523.5 billion (13% of GDP), with 34 brands growing and 18 newcomers, including UltraTech Cement debuting at 7th place with $14.5 billion valuation.Tata Group’s Westside and Zudio also made their first entry, while Zomato emerged as the fastest-rising brand, nearly doubling its value to $6 billion Major climbers in the “experience economy” include Taj Hotels, IndiGo, MakeMyTrip, and Mahindra & Mahindra, showing rising consumer demand for travel, experiences, and lifestyle services.

 

 

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Michelle Bachelet Honoured with Indira Gandhi Peace Prize by Sonia Gandhi: Former Chilean President Michelle Bachelet received the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development, presented by Sonia Gandhi in New Delhi.Senior leaders, including Mallikarjun Kharge and jury chairman Shiv Shankar Menon, attended the event.Bachelet was praised for her lifelong contributions to human rights, gender equality, and inclusive development, along with her global roles as first Executive Director of UN Women and UN Human Rights Chief.

 

2. TVS Motor Chairman Emeritus Venu Srinivasan Honoured with Prestigious CII Quality Ratna Award: Venu Srinivasan, Chairman Emeritus of TVS Motor Company, has been honoured with the CII Quality Ratna Award, one of India’s highest industrial recognitions for leadership in quality excellence.The award was presented at the 33rd CII Excellence Summit in Kolkata, which brought together 1,000+ industry leaders focused on boosting India’s manufacturing share from 3% to 25% globally and generating 100 million jobs.The CII Quality Ratna Award, jointly presented by CII and EXIM Bank, recognises exceptional contributions to India’s quality movement; in 2024, it was awarded to B. Muthuraman, Padma Bhushan and former Vice Chairman of Tata Steel.