Daily GK Update- 13th Feb, 2026

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Parliament Passes Industrial Relations Code Amendment Bill 2026: Parliament has passed the Industrial Relations Code (Amendment) Bill, 2026, aiming to bring legal clarity to labour-related provisions under the four labour codes. The legislation was cleared by voice vote in both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha amid sharp exchanges between the government and the opposition. While the ruling alliance described it as a historic reform to strengthen labour welfare and industrial growth, opposition parties criticised it as anti-worker and tilted in favour of corporate interests. Labour and Employment Minister Mansukh Mandaviya stated that the amendment seeks to remove ambiguities arising after the implementation of the four labour codes nearly three months ago. He emphasised that the codes guarantee minimum wages, mandate issuance of appointment letters, and ensure equal wages for the same work irrespective of gender. According to the government, the reforms aim to protect workers while also promoting ease of doing business. The minister asserted that trade unions and workers support the framework and that the government remains committed to safeguarding both labour rights and industrial stability.

 

2. India Launches First National Biobank For LSD Rare Diseases: Researchers from 28 medical and research institutions across six states and two Union Territories have established India’s first government-supported national biobank dedicated to Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs). The initiative integrates biological samples and detailed clinical, biochemical and genetic data of 530 patients from 15 states.Funded by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), the biobank aims to support the development of affordable screening tools and therapies for children affected by these life-threatening genetic disorders.Lysosomal Storage Disorders are a group of over 70 rare, inherited metabolic conditions caused by the deficiency of specific enzymes. In the absence of these enzymes or their activators, fats and sugars accumulate inside cells, leading to progressive organ damage.More than 12,000 patients in India are estimated to be living with LSDs. Currently, treatments exist for only a small fraction of rare diseases, and available therapies often cost over Rs 1 crore per patient annually. Of the 530 patients in the biobank cohort, nearly 60% have died, and only eight are receiving treatment.

 

3. Akashvani Raipur to Host World Radio Day Conclave: All India Radio, Raipur, will organise the World Radio Day Conclave 2026 on February 13 to mark the global observance of radio’s enduring relevance. The event, themed “Radio and Artificial Intelligence,” is being held in collaboration with UNESCO and will take place at Hotel Babylon Capital in Raipur from 10:00 am, with registration commencing at 9:30 am.The conclave aims to explore the evolving role of radio in the digital age, particularly its interface with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence.This year’s theme reflects the growing integration of artificial intelligence in broadcasting, content production and audience engagement. Discussions are expected to examine how AI tools are transforming newsroom operations, automating workflows and enhancing multilingual outreach, while preserving the credibility and trust associated with radio.

The initiative seeks to position radio as a resilient and adaptive medium amid rapid technological change.

 

4. IAF to Showcase Power at Exercise Vayushakti-26: The Indian Air Force (IAF) will conduct Exercise Vayushakti-26 at the Pokhran Air-to-Ground Range in Jaisalmer on 27 February 2026. The large-scale firepower demonstration will underline the IAF’s readiness as the nation’s first, fastest and fiercest responder. The exercise aims to exhibit rapid response capability, precision strike power and operational dominance across the full spectrum of aerial warfare.Vayushakti is among the IAF’s most significant operational showcases, highlighting its ability to transform tactical actions into strategic outcomes in high-intensity scenarios.The exercise will feature full-spectrum operations involving fighter, transport and helicopter platforms. Frontline combat aircraft including Tejas, Rafale, Jaguar, Mirage-2000, Sukhoi-30MKI, MiG-29 and Hawk will participate in coordinated strike missions. Strategic and tactical airlift platforms such as C-130J, C-295 and C-17 will demonstrate rapid mobility operations.Rotary-wing assets including Chetak, ALH MK-IV, Mi-17 IV, Light Combat Helicopter (LCH), Apache and Chinook helicopters will execute assault and support roles. Remotely Piloted Aircraft will also undertake surveillance and strike missions.

 

5. Indian Students Abroad Decline 31% Since 2023: The number of Indian students pursuing higher education overseas has declined sharply over the past three years, according to government data presented in Parliament. Figures shared by the Ministry of Education indicate a consistent fall from 2023 to 2025, marking a significant shift in outbound student mobility. The data, sourced from the Bureau of Immigration, reflects changing preferences, economic considerations and policy developments within India’s higher education landscape. More than 9.08 lakh Indian students travelled abroad for higher studies in 2023. This number dropped to 7.7 lakh in 2024 and further declined to 6.26 lakh in 2025. The cumulative reduction of nearly 2.82 lakh students over two years represents a fall of around 31 per cent. The figures were shared in response to a written question in the Rajya Sabha and are based on Bureau of Immigration records between 2023 and 2025.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Tarique Rahman’s Win Bangladesh General Elections: The Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) has claimed a sweeping victory in Bangladesh’s general elections, positioning Tarique Rahman as the country’s next prime minister. The development marks a major political shift following the ouster of Sheikh Hasina. For India, which shares a 4,000-km border and deep historical ties with Bangladesh, the outcome carries significant diplomatic and strategic implications. Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated Tarique Rahman on leading the BNP to victory and reaffirmed India’s commitment to a democratic and progressive Bangladesh. The message signalled New Delhi’s readiness to engage with the new leadership despite strained ties following Hasina’s removal. Bilateral relations are critical, spanning trade, connectivity, border management, and security cooperation in India’s northeast.

 

2. Tamil-Brahmi Inscriptions Found In Egypt’s Valley Of The Kings: A path-breaking discovery has revealed close trade and cultural links between ancient Tamilagam and the Roman world. Nearly 30 inscriptions in Tamil-Brahmi, Prakrit and Sanskrit have been identified inside tombs in Egypt’s Valley of the Kings, dating between the 1st and 3rd centuries C.E.The inscriptions were documented during fieldwork conducted in 2024–25 by Charlotte Schmid of the French School of Asian Studies (EFEO), Paris, and Ingo Strauch of the University of Lausanne. The team recorded the inscriptions across six tombs in the Theban Necropolis.The inscriptions were carved as brief graffiti marks by visitors who left their names on walls and corridors, following an established practice also seen in Greek graffiti. Earlier, French scholar Jules Baillet had documented over 2,000 Greek graffiti marks in 1926.The Indian inscriptions appear within this multilingual context, suggesting that merchants or travellers from the Indian subcontinent visited the tombs during the Roman period.

 

3. Bulgaria Appoints Andrey Gyurov As Interim Prime Minister: Bulgarian President Iliana Yotova has appointed central bank deputy governor Andrey Gyurov as interim prime minister to steer the country towards national elections scheduled for April 19. The move comes amid prolonged political instability in the European Union and NATO member state, which is set to hold its eighth election in five years.The caretaker government will be tasked primarily with organising a free and fair vote in a deeply fragmented political landscape.President Yotova announced that Gyurov will propose his cabinet within seven days. Following presidential approval, the formal election date will be confirmed. The appointment is aimed at stabilising governance after repeated failures to form a durable coalition in parliament.Bulgaria has experienced recurring elections and short-lived governments, leading to public frustration and declining trust in institutions.

 

4. Brazilian MMA Fighter Pablo Oliveira Costa Dies At 31: Brazilian mixed martial artist Pablo Oliveira Costa has died at the age of 31 following a tragic electrocution accident in São José. The incident occurred while he was installing an air-conditioning unit, underscoring the risks he faced balancing his sporting ambitions with everyday work.Costa had reportedly completed the installation and was moving a metal ladder when it came into contact with a high-voltage power line. The electric shock left him unconscious. Emergency responders arrived swiftly and attempted resuscitation, but he was declared dead at the scene after prolonged efforts to revive him.According to local reports, Costa suffered severe burns and cardiac arrest following the shock. Witnesses said he briefly showed signs of life and attempted to stand before collapsing. Paramedics performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for approximately 40 minutes, but the injuries proved fatal.The accident has drawn attention to the dangers associated with electrical installations and working near overhead power lines.

 

5. Brazilian President Lula To Visit India For AI Summit: Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva will undertake a state visit to India from February 18 to 22 at the invitation of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The visit, his sixth to India, reflects deepening strategic ties between the two democracies amid growing cooperation in global governance, technology and South-South engagement.India and Brazil have maintained a strategic partnership since 2006, anchored in shared democratic values and coordinated positions on major international issues.A key highlight of the visit will be President Lula’s participation in the second edition of the AI Impact Summit scheduled for February 19-20. His presence underscores the importance both nations attach to emerging technologies, digital public infrastructure and inclusive growth.Artificial intelligence, innovation ecosystems and technology-driven development are expected to feature prominently in discussions, signalling closer collaboration in high-technology sectors.

 

6. Bangladesh Holds First General Election After Hasina Ouster: Bangladesh on Thursday began voting in its 13th parliamentary elections, the first national polls since the ouster of former prime minister Sheikh Hasina in August 2024 following massive nationwide protests. The election is being closely watched as a test of the country’s democratic transition under the interim administration led by Chief Adviser Muhammad Yunus.Polling commenced at 7:30 am local time in 299 of the 300 constituencies and is scheduled to continue until 4:30 pm. Voting in one constituency was cancelled due to the death of a candidate. Counting is expected to begin soon after polling ends.The parliamentary election is being held alongside a referendum on an extensive 84-point reform package aimed at restructuring governance and strengthening institutions. Authorities described the exercise as one of the most complex electoral processes in Bangladesh’s history. Nearly 127 million voters are eligible to cast their ballots, with first-time voters accounting for around 3.58 per cent.For the first time, nearly 800,000 expatriate Bangladeshis registered with the Election Commission are voting through an IT-based postal ballot system.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. IAF Conducts Joint Air Exercise With Royal Thai Air Force: The Indian Air Force (IAF) is undertaking a joint in-situ air exercise with the Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF), aimed at enhancing operational coordination and interoperability between the two forces. The exercise marks another milestone in expanding defence cooperation between India and Thailand. According to the IAF, frontline platforms including Su-30MKI fighter aircraft, Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS), Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) aircraft, and IL-78 mid-air refuelling aircraft are participating alongside RTAF’s Gripen fighter jets.India and Thailand signed a Memorandum of Understanding on Defence Cooperation on 25 January 2012. Since then, defence ties have expanded to include joint maritime patrols, annual staff talks, expert exchanges and training programmes. High-level visits have further strengthened the partnership. The Chief of Defence Force of the Royal Thai Armed Forces visited India in January 2025, underlining sustained military engagement.

 

2. Defence Ministry Signs Rs 2,312 Crore Dornier Deal: The Ministry of Defence has signed a Rs 2,312 crore contract with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) for the procurement of eight Dornier 228 aircraft for the Indian Coast Guard (ICG). The agreement was finalised in the presence of Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh, marking another step in strengthening India’s maritime surveillance capabilities.The acquisition has been executed under the “Buy (Indian)” category, reinforcing the government’s push for indigenous defence manufacturing.The contract covers the supply of eight Dornier 228 aircraft along with operational role equipment tailored to the requirements of the Indian Coast Guard. The aircraft will enhance coastal surveillance, maritime reconnaissance and search-and-rescue operations across India’s vast coastline and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).The Dornier 228 is a versatile, short take-off and landing aircraft widely used for maritime patrol and utility roles.

 

3. Indian Air Force Instructors to Train RAF Fighter Pilots: India and the United Kingdom have agreed to deepen military training cooperation, with Indian Air Force instructors set to train British fast jet pilots for the first time. The decision was announced following the 19th UK-India Air Staff Talks held in New Delhi.Under the agreement, three Qualified Flying Instructors (QFIs) from the Indian Air Force will be deployed to RAF Valley, the United Kingdom’s premier training base for fast jet pilots. The deployment is initially planned for a two-year period.With the latest development, Indian officers are now serving as instructors across all three major British military academies. An Indian Navy officer has been posted at the Britannia Royal Naval College Dartmouth since May 2024, while an Indian Army officer has been serving at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst since May 2025.The presence of Indian instructors across the UK’s premier defence institutions underlines the expanding scope of bilateral military cooperation.

 

4. Assam Rifles To Induct Indigenous Dog Breeds Under Atmanirbhar Bharat: assam-rifles/">Assam Rifles is set to induct Indian dog breeds into its canine squad as part of the Centre’s push for indigenisation under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative. The country’s oldest paramilitary force has already introduced the Tangkhul Hui breed from Manipur as a pilot project and plans to begin inducting the Kombai breed from Tamil Nadu in April.Full induction of both indigenous breeds is targeted by March 2027, with training being conducted at the Assam Rifles Dog Training Centre (ARDTC) in Jorhat, Assam.The move follows directives from the Union home ministry encouraging greater use of Indian breeds in security forces. Officials stated that indigenous dogs are disease-resistant and well-suited to local climatic conditions. Six Tangkhul Hui dogs were inducted in 2022 under a pilot initiative and are currently deployed in narcotics detection roles. The Kombai, known for its agility and guarding instincts, will be the next breed to join the force.

 

5. Defence Acquisition Council Clears Rs 3.6 Lakh Crore Rafale Deal: India has approved one of its largest-ever defence procurement proposals, with the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) clearing projects worth approximately Rs 3.6 lakh crore. The decision includes the acquisition of 114 Rafale fighter jets under the Multi Role Fighter Aircraft (MRFA) programme, advanced combat missiles, Air-Ship Based High Altitude Pseudo Satellite (AS-HAPS) systems, and key platforms for the Army, Navy and Coast Guard. The move aims to strengthen India’s deterrence posture amid evolving regional security challenges. The DAC, chaired by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, granted Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) for the procurement of 114 Rafale jets. Most aircraft are expected to be manufactured in India, aligning with the ‘Make in India’ initiative and boosting domestic aerospace capabilities.The Indian Air Force (IAF), currently operating around 30 squadrons against a sanctioned strength of 42, faces growing security concerns along its western and northern borders. The induction of Rafale jets will enhance air superiority, long-range strike capability and overall combat readiness. The deal is likely to progress to technical and commercial negotiations before final approval.

 

SPORTS

 

1. Italy Register Maiden T20 World Cup Win Against Nepal: Italy scripted history with their first-ever victory in the ICC Men’s T20 World Cup, defeating Nepal by 10 wickets in a commanding performance. Playing only their second match in the tournament, Italy chased down 124 with 7.2 overs to spare, underlining their rapid progress on the global stage.After being outplayed by Scotland in their tournament opener, Italy responded with discipline and confidence to stun pre-match favourites Nepal.Italy’s spinners set up the win by bundling Nepal out for 123. Ben Manenti delivered a miserly spell of 2 for 9 in four overs, while Crishan Kalugamage claimed 3 for 18 with accurate variations. Former South Africa international JJ Smuts chipped in with one wicket as Nepal struggled to build partnerships. Nepal captain Rohit Paudel showed brief resistance with two sixes, while Aarif Sheikh top-scored with 27. However, disciplined bowling and sharp fielding prevented any late surge. A direct-hit run-out from stand-in skipper Harry Manenti sealed Nepal’s innings.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Odisha To Introduce QR Codes On Land Records: Odisha will introduce QR codes on land ownership documents to enable instant digital verification of property details. Revenue and Disaster Management Minister Suresh Pujari announced that each land patta, or Record of Rights (RoR), will soon carry a QR code providing comprehensive information about ownership, location and transaction history. The initiative aims to enhance transparency, curb fraud and streamline property transactions across the state. Once implemented, scanning the QR code on a land document will display the property’s full profile, including its location, parcel map and complete purchase history. Currently, buyers rely on encumbrance certificates (ECs) issued by tehsil offices, which provide records of registered transactions for only the past 30 years.The QR-based system will offer historical data beyond the 30-year EC window, helping prospective buyers verify ownership status more efficiently and reducing the scope for fraudulent sales.

 

2. Russia Blocks WhatsApp, Urges Shift To Max Messenger: Russia has blocked the popular messaging platform WhatsApp, citing non-compliance with domestic legislation. The Kremlin confirmed the move, affecting an estimated 100 million users across the country. Authorities have encouraged citizens to migrate to Max, a state-backed messaging service positioned as a national alternative.The development marks a significant escalation in Moscow’s efforts to tighten control over digital communications and promote domestic technology platforms.Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov stated that the decision to block WhatsApp was implemented due to its “reluctance to comply with the norms and letter of Russian law.” Russian authorities have in recent years imposed stricter regulations on foreign technology companies, requiring data localisation and greater state oversight.The government argues that foreign platforms must adhere fully to national laws governing data storage, content moderation and information security.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Uttar Pradesh Presents ₹9.12 Lakh Crore Budget 2026-27: Uttar Pradesh Finance Minister Suresh Khanna on Wednesday presented a ₹9,12,696.35 crore Budget for 2026-27 in the State Assembly, marking a 12.9 per cent increase over the previous year. The Budget introduces new schemes worth ₹43,565.33 crore and places emphasis on capital expenditure, fiscal prudence, law and order, healthcare expansion and technology-driven growth. Capital expenditure has been pegged at 19.5 per cent of the total outlay. Education has received 12.4 per cent allocation, agriculture and allied sectors 9 per cent, and medical and health services 6 per cent.In line with the 16th Central Finance Commission’s recommendations, the fiscal deficit for 2026-27 has been capped at 3 per cent of GSDP, applicable until 2030-31. The state’s debt-to-GSDP ratio, which rose during the Covid-19 period, has been reduced to below 27 per cent in 2024-25, with a target of 23.1 per cent in 2026-27. The state’s GSDP for 2024-25 is projected at ₹30.25 lakh crore, reflecting 13.4 per cent growth. Per capita income has increased from ₹54,564 in 2016-17 to ₹1, 09,844 and is expected to reach ₹1, 20,000 in 2025-26.

 

Daily GK Update- 12th Feb, 2026

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Balaghat Chosen for Grain Storage Plan Pilot: Balaghat district in Madhya Pradesh has been selected as the pilot district under the World’s Largest Grain Storage Plan in the Cooperative Sector (WLGSP). As part of the pilot, a 500 metric tonne (MT) godown was constructed at the Bahudeshiya Prathamik Krishi Saakh Sahakari Society Maryadit, Parswada. The facility was inaugurated by the Prime Minister on 24 February 2024 and has been hired by the Madhya Pradesh Warehousing and Logistics Corporation (MPWLC).The initiative marks a key step in decentralising grain storage infrastructure at the Primary Agricultural Credit Society (PACS) level.

The plan is being implemented through convergence of existing Government of India schemes, including the Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF), Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure (AMI) Scheme, Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM) and the Pradhan Mantri Formalization of Micro Food Processing Enterprises (PMFME) Scheme. Under AIF, PACS receive interest subvention on loans taken for godown construction. The loan repayment period has been extended from 2+5 years to 2+8 years for PACS. Under the AMI scheme, subsidy support is provided for foodgrain storage infrastructure. Several financial norms have been revised to strengthen PACS participation. The margin money requirement under AMI has been reduced from 20 per cent to 10 per cent. Construction costs eligible for assistance have been revised to ₹7,000 per MT in plain areas and ₹8,000 per MT in northeastern states. The subsidy for PACS has been enhanced from 25 per cent to 33.33 per cent. In monetary terms, this translates to ₹2,333 per MT in plain areas and ₹2,666 per MT in northeastern states. Additionally, PACS are eligible for an extra one-third of the total admissible subsidy for ancillary infrastructure such as internal roads, weighbridges and boundary walls.

 

2. NPC Marks 68th Foundation Day with Productivity Week: The National Productivity Council (NPC) will celebrate its 68th Foundation Day on 12 February 2026 and observe National Productivity Week from 12 to 18 February across India. The theme for this year is “Clusters as Growth Engine: Maximizing Productivity in MSMEs”, highlighting the importance of cluster-based development in strengthening India’s industrial competitiveness.The theme reflects the emphasis laid by Union Minister of Commerce and Industry and NPC President, Shri Piyush Goyal, on boosting Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), enhancing manufacturing capability and promoting sustainable industrialisation.Cluster-based development is seen as a strategic tool to accelerate productivity, foster inclusive growth and integrate Indian industries into global value chains. In the context of India’s recent trade agreements, strengthening MSME clusters assumes greater significance in enhancing export readiness and manufacturing efficiency.The approach aims to create economies of scale, improve supply chain integration and encourage technology adoption among small enterprises. By focusing on productivity enhancement within clusters, the initiative seeks to position MSMEs as key drivers of economic expansion.A series of seminars, workshops and awareness programmes will be organised through NPC’s 12 Regional Directorates located in Bengaluru, Bhubaneswar, Chandigarh, Chennai, Gandhinagar, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kanpur, Kolkata, Mumbai and Patna.Twenty-four Local Productivity Councils, various Central Ministries, State Governments, industry associations and academic institutions will collaborate during the week-long observance. 

 

3. White Revolution 2.0 Targets 50% Rise in Milk Procurement: The Centre has launched “White Revolution 2.0”, a cooperative-led initiative aimed at expanding dairy coverage, increasing milk procurement and strengthening women’s empowerment. The programme seeks to boost milk procurement by dairy cooperatives by 50 per cent over the next five years, raising daily procurement to 1,007 lakh kg by 2028–29.Announced by the Ministry of Cooperation, the initiative focuses on expanding market access for dairy farmers in currently uncovered areas and increasing the share of cooperatives in the organised dairy sector.White Revolution 2.0 will adopt a two-fold approach: expanding cooperative coverage and deepening the operational reach of existing dairy societies. Around 75,000 new Dairy Cooperative Societies (DCS) will be established in uncovered panchayats and villages. In addition, 46,422 existing DCSs will be strengthened to enhance market linkages, improve farmer incomes and ensure better nutritional availability. These cooperatives will be connected to milk procurement routes through the expansion of existing routes or the creation of new ones.The initiative emphasises infrastructure creation to support dairy activities. Facilities such as Automatic Milk Collection Units, Data Processing Milk Collection Units, milk testing equipment and Bulk Milk Coolers will be provided as required.The programme is being funded under the National Dairy Development Programme 2.0 (NPDD 2.0) of the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying. Implementation will follow departmental guidelines to ensure uniform standards and efficient rollout across states.

 

4. Goa Unveils First Biodiversity and Cultural Map: Goa is set to receive its first biodiversity and cultural features map, developed by WWF India, offering a child-friendly visual guide to 48 commonly found species and traditional art forms of the state. The map will be released at the Goa Art and Literature Festival and distributed free of cost to schools across Goa in both print and digital formats.Designed as an educational tool, the initiative aims to strengthen environmental awareness among schoolchildren at a time when conservationists are also working on a comprehensive wildlife mapping exercise in the state.The WWF India-Goa map highlights 48 species representing birds, mammals, reptiles, marine animals, mangroves and insects commonly found in Goa. From catfish and mangrove species to larger mammals such as the tiger, the focus remains on organisms that children are likely to encounter in their daily surroundings.The selection deliberately avoids rare species found only in remote interiors, instead encouraging students to identify and connect with biodiversity visible in their neighbourhoods. The visual format is designed to spark curiosity and classroom discussions.The initiative aligns with the National Education Policy (NEP), which emphasises experiential learning and vocational exposure. WWF India-Goa has begun training around 450 teachers in government and government-aided schools, starting from Class VI, with plans to expand to other grades as implementation progresses.Environmental aspects linked to local vocations are being incorporated into teaching modules. The biodiversity map serves as a practical classroom aid, moving beyond one-off demonstration events to sustained learning through visual engagement.

 

5. Industrial Relations Code Amendment Bill Tabled in Lok Sabha: The government on Wednesday introduced the Industrial Relations Code (Amendment) Bill, 2026 in the Lok Sabha, seeking to clarify the legal position surrounding the repeal of earlier labour laws subsumed under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020. The move is aimed at preventing potential legal complications regarding the continuity of repealed enactments. Union Labour Minister Mansukh Mandaviya introduced the Bill through a supplementary agenda shortly after the Question Hour. The proposed amendment seeks to remove any scope for confusion over how certain pre-existing labour laws were repealed following the enactment of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020. According to the statement of objects and reasons, although the repeal has already taken effect through Section 104 of the Code, concerns have been raised that the repeal could be misconstrued as an executive action rather than a statutory consequence. The amendment is intended to eliminate such ambiguity.The Industrial Relations Code, 2020 consolidated and replaced three major labour legislations — the Trade Unions Act, 1926; the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946; and the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. These laws governed trade unions, conditions of industrial employment and mechanisms for dispute resolution.Section 104 of the Code contains savings provisions to ensure continuity and legal certainty for actions taken under the repealed laws. It clarifies that the repeal operates automatically upon the enforcement of the Code.

 

6. Centre Mandates Six Stanzas of Vande Mataram: The Union home ministry has issued fresh guidelines mandating that all six stanzas of ‘Vande Mataram’, originally composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, be sung at official functions and educational institutions. The order, dated February 6, 2026, defines the “official version” of the national song and prescribes detailed protocols for its rendition. The move coincides with the 150th anniversary of the song’s creation. The ministry has specified that the complete six-stanza version shall be performed at government events. The duration for singing or playing the national song has been fixed at 3 minutes and 10 seconds. Earlier, only the first two stanzas were commonly used at official occasions.The guidelines also mandate that all persons present must stand in attention when the song is played. However, this will not be compulsory in cinema halls if the song features as part of a film or newsreel, citing potential disturbance and obstruction to viewing.‘Vande Mataram’ will be played when the national flag is brought to a parade and at all civilian award ceremonies and official state functions attended by the President of India. It shall be played both on the arrival and departure of the President. The song will also precede and follow presidential addresses broadcast on state media such as Akashwani and Doordarshan.At the state level, it will be played at official functions marking the arrival and departure of governors or lieutenant governors. Schools across the country are required to incorporate group singing of the national song in morning assemblies. Informal public events attended by ministers may also include its rendition.

 

7. CM Majhi Launches Harichandan’s New Books: Odisha Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi unveiled two new books authored by veteran politician and former Governor Biswabhusan Harichandan at a ceremony in Bhubaneswar. The event celebrated Odisha’s political and cultural legacy and recognised Harichandan’s long public life. Dignitaries, scholars and political leaders attended the function, marking it as a significant literary and political occasion. Addressing the gathering, the Chief Minister described the launch as a proud moment for the state. He emphasised that the author’s life and values were as important as the books themselves. Harichandan has played a pivotal role in Odisha politics. He served as the founding president of the Bharatiya Janata Party’s Odisha unit and held the post four times.He was elected as a Member of the Legislative Assembly five times between 1977 and 2009 and served as a cabinet minister on four occasions. Before entering active politics, he practised law at the Odisha High Court from 1972. During the Emergency (1975–77), he led pro-democracy movements and faced imprisonment, reflecting his commitment to constitutional values.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. James Van Der Beek Dies at 48 After Cancer Battle: James Van Der Beek, widely recognised for his lead role in the popular television series Dawson’s Creek, has passed away at the age of 48 following a battle with colorectal cancer. His family confirmed that the actor died peacefully, surrounded by loved ones. News of his demise prompted an outpouring of tributes from colleagues, friends, and fans across the entertainment industry. Van Der Beek rose to international fame in 1998 as Dawson Leery in the teen drama Dawson’s Creek, which ran for six seasons and became a defining show of late 1990s American television. His portrayal of the introspective aspiring filmmaker earned him critical recognition and a devoted fan following. Beyond the series, he appeared in films such as Varsity Blues and featured in several television projects, demonstrating versatility across genres. Van Der Beek was diagnosed with colorectal cancer in 2023 and publicly disclosed his condition in 2024. He spoke candidly about his treatment and emphasised faith, resilience, and gratitude. In a statement, his family noted that he faced his final days with courage and grace, requesting privacy as they grieve.

 

2. Ancient Egypt Tool Find Rewrites Engineering Timeline: A small copper object excavated in Egypt over a century ago is reshaping understanding of early Egyptian engineering. Originally catalogued in the 1920s as a simple awl, the artefact has now been re-identified as a possible bow drill following fresh microscopic analysis. If confirmed, the discovery would push back evidence of advanced rotary drilling in Ancient Egypt by nearly two millennia.The study, led by Dr Martin Odler of Newcastle University, focuses on wear patterns and structural details previously overlooked.The object was first unearthed by archaeologist Guy Brunton and described as a small copper awl wrapped in leather. For decades, the classification remained unchallenged. However, recent microscopic examination revealed wear marks consistent with rotational movement rather than simple hand pressure.Six coils of fragile leather thong attached to the tool proved crucial. These coils appear to have functioned as a cord mechanism, supporting the theory that the implement operated as a bow drill. A bow drill works by wrapping a string around a shaft and moving a bow back and forth, producing continuous spinning motion and enabling faster, more controlled drilling.

 

3. NATO Launches Arctic Sentry After Greenland Tensions: NATO has unveiled ‘Arctic Sentry’, a new military coordination initiative aimed at strengthening security in the High North. The move comes weeks after internal strains surfaced within the alliance over remarks by US President Donald Trump regarding Greenland. By consolidating Arctic-focused drills under a single framework, NATO seeks to reinforce unity while sharpening its strategic posture against growing Russian and Chinese activity in the region. Arctic Sentry is not a new standing force but a coordinating umbrella for existing national exercises conducted in the Arctic. The initiative brings together drills such as Denmark’s Arctic Endurance and Norway’s Cold Response under a common NATO framework. It will be overseen by NATO’s Joint Force Command in Norfolk, Virginia.The objective is to enhance interoperability, improve situational awareness and signal collective resolve in a region that presents severe climatic and logistical challenges. By synchronising activities already undertaken by member states, NATO aims to project coherence without escalating to permanent deployments.The Arctic has gained prominence as melting sea ice opens new maritime routes and access to untapped natural resources. Seven NATO allies possess territory within the Arctic Circle, making the region central to the alliance’s collective defence calculus.Russia maintains a substantial military footprint along its Arctic coastline, including air bases and naval facilities. China has described itself as a “near-Arctic state” and expanded its economic and scientific engagement in the region. NATO leaders argue that Arctic Sentry is essential to safeguarding member territories and preserving stability amid intensifying great-power competition.

 

4. India Upholds E-Cigarette Ban, Rejects Philip Morris Push: India has reaffirmed its decision to maintain the nationwide ban on e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products, rejecting calls for relaxation that would have opened the market to devices such as IQOS. The move deals a setback to lobbying efforts by global tobacco major Philip Morris International, which had sought regulatory reconsideration of heat-not-burn products. The Union health ministry clarified that the government is not considering revoking, amending or relaxing the 2019 prohibition on e-cigarettes. The ban explicitly covers heated tobacco devices, commonly marketed as reduced-risk alternatives to conventional smoking. India, the world’s seventh-largest cigarette market by volume, records over 100 billion cigarette sales annually. Tobacco-related illnesses account for more than one million deaths each year in the country, reinforcing the government’s emphasis on strict tobacco control measures. Philip Morris International, maker of Marlboro cigarettes, had identified India as a potential growth market for its flagship heated tobacco device, IQOS. The company maintains that such products are less harmful than traditional cigarettes and has promoted them as part of a “smoke-free future”. Confidential correspondence between 2021 and 2025 shows the company urged Indian authorities to review scientific evidence and consider exempting heat-not-burn products from the ban. It proposed presentations by global experts and sought engagement with bodies such as the Indian Council of Medical Research. However, ICMR has indicated it is not undertaking research on heated tobacco products.

 

5. Indonesia Plans 8,000 Troops for Gaza Peace Mission: Indonesia is preparing to deploy up to 8,000 soldiers to the Gaza Strip as part of a proposed multinational peacekeeping mission under a United Nations-backed framework. The move follows discussions around an “International Stabilisation Force” (ISF) envisioned to support a phased peace process in the conflict-hit enclave. A spokesperson for President Prabowo Subianto confirmed that Indonesia is ready to contribute around 8,000 personnel to a force expected to total nearly 20,000 troops. However, operational details such as deployment zones, mandate scope and timelines have not yet been finalised.The multinational force is proposed under a UN-approved plan supported by US President Donald Trump. The initiative includes oversight by a body referred to as the “Board of Peace”, which is expected to convene its first meeting on February 19.Indonesia’s army chief, General Maruli Simanjuntak, indicated that preparatory training has already begun. The troops are expected to focus primarily on medical assistance and engineering support rather than combat roles. This aligns with Jakarta’s stated preference for humanitarian and stabilisation contributions. The defence ministry clarified that reports suggesting Indonesian troops would be stationed specifically in Rafah or Khan Younis are premature. Officials emphasised that deployment areas and final troop strength will be determined only after international coordination and formal mandate clarity.

 

6. Delhi Metro Magenta Line to Become Longest Corridor: The Magenta Line (Line-8) of the Delhi Metro is set to become the longest corridor in the network following the completion of Phase-IV and newly sanctioned Phase-V (A) expansions. Officials said the extended line will significantly improve cross-city connectivity across Delhi-NCR, while also setting new benchmarks in interchange and underground infrastructure. With the approval of the Phase-V (A) extension from Ramakrishna Ashram Marg to Indraprastha via Central Vista, the Indraprastha–Inderlok stretch under Phase-IV will now function as a continuation of the Magenta Line. Once these works are completed, the corridor will run from Botanical Garden in Noida to Inderlok in Delhi.The total length of the Magenta Line will reach approximately 89 kilometres, making it the longest corridor in the Delhi Metro network. Upon full operationalisation, the entire stretch is planned to function as a driverless Metro corridor, reflecting the system’s shift towards advanced automation.After the expansion, the Magenta Line will feature 21 interchange stations, the highest in the network. Currently, the operational segment has four interchange stations — Kalkaji Mandir, Botanical Garden, Janakpuri West and Hauz Khas.An additional 17 interchange stations will be added under Phase-IV and Phase-V (A), including Kalindi Kunj, Terminal-1 IGI Airport, Azadpur, Central Secretariat, New Delhi and Inderlok. Notably, Central Secretariat, Azadpur, New Delhi and Inderlok will become triple interchange hubs, each connecting three different Metro lines.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. South Korea, US Launch Buddy Squadron Air Drill: The air forces of South Korea and the United States have begun a joint aerial exercise at Osan Air Base in Pyeongtaek, reinforcing their defence partnership amid evolving regional security challenges. The drill, titled Buddy Squadron, will continue until Friday and is designed to enhance interoperability and integrated tactical capabilities between the two allies. This year’s exercise marks a significant expansion in scale. The number of participating aircraft per session has more than doubled compared to previous editions. The volume of sorties has also increased substantially, reflecting a stronger emphasis on operational intensity and coordination.Officials stated that the enlarged format aims to simulate realistic combat conditions. By increasing flight frequency and aircraft deployment, both air forces seek to sharpen rapid response capabilities and improve mission synchronisation.Buddy Squadron is a battalion-level drill conducted in rotation between South Korean and US units. The core objective is to share air-to-air tactics and conduct integrated training missions. The exercise involves both fourth- and fifth-generation fighter aircraft, allowing pilots to train across varied technological platforms.The inclusion of advanced fighter jets strengthens joint operational readiness. Integrated missions test communication systems, formation tactics and coordinated strike capabilities, ensuring seamless cooperation during potential contingencies.

 

2. India, France Near SCALP Missile Deal After Operational Success: India and France are in advanced discussions to finalise a major defence deal for the procurement of SCALP cruise missiles, following their successful combat deployment by the Indian Air Force during Operation Sindoor. Defence officials indicated that the proposed acquisition, valued at around €300 million, reflects growing confidence in the missile’s operational effectiveness and the deepening strategic partnership between the two countries. The SCALP cruise missiles were deployed by Rafale fighter jets of the Indian Air Force during precision strikes against terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan last year. Alongside BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles, SCALP was used to target and destroy key headquarters of Jaish-e-Mohamed and Lashkar-e-Toiba in Muridke and Bahawalpur districts. According to officials, the strikes achieved complete destruction of designated targets with high accuracy, validating the missile’s deep-strike and low-observability capabilities.

 

SPORTS

 

1. Anjum Moudgil, Aakriti Shine at Asian Shooting Championship: India’s rifle shooters delivered a strong performance at the Asian Rifle and Pistol Championship, with Anjum Moudgil clinching bronze in the women’s 50m Rifle 3 Positions and Aakriti Dahiya securing her maiden international medal. The event witnessed high drama in qualification as Anjum’s composure under unexpected circumstances proved decisive. Anjum Moudgil faced a rare lapse during the qualification round when she inadvertently fired match shots assuming they were sighters. Sighter shots are trial attempts taken to adjust aim before the official scoring begins. By the time she realised the match had started, eight shots had already been recorded. However, her disciplined approach to sighters worked in her favour. All the shots scored perfect 10s, preventing any major setback. Despite the initial confusion, she finished third in qualification and went on to claim the bronze medal. Kazakhstan’s Sofiya Shulzhenko won gold, while India’s Aakriti Dahiya took silver.The silver medal marked Aakriti Dahiya’s first international podium finish in the 50m Rifle 3 Positions. The 24-year-old displayed remarkable composure in the final. She described the discipline as technically demanding and more challenging than the 10m air rifle due to its multiple variables.

India also had Ashi Chouksey in the final, where she finished fourth. In the team event, Kazakhstan secured gold, India won silver, and Japan claimed bronze, underlining strong Asian competition in rifle shooting.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Mumbai Coastal Road Debuts India’s First Musical Road: Mumbai has introduced what civic officials are calling India’s first “musical road”, a new feature on the Mumbai Coastal Road designed to play a recognisable tune when motorists drive over a specially engineered stretch at a prescribed speed. The initiative is positioned as a blend of novelty and road-safety nudging, using sound and vibration to encourage steady driving behaviour on a key corridor. The musical stretch has been created on the northbound lane of the Mumbai Coastal Road, running from Nariman Point towards Worli. It begins after vehicles exit the underground tunnel at Worli. The grooves have been installed across a 500-metre stretch on the first lane adjacent to the divider, making it lane-specific rather than a full-width installation across all lanes. The project is being inaugurated by Maharashtra chief minister Devendra Fadnavis on February 11, 2026, at 12.30 pm, marking the formal opening of the feature to commuters using the corridor.The musical effect comes from precisely placed rumble strips—grooves laid at fixed intervals and measurements. When a vehicle’s tyres pass over the grooves at the intended speed band of around 70–80 kmph, friction and vibration generate a sequence of sound pulses that combine to form a tune heard inside the vehicle.On this stretch, the selected melody is ‘Jai Ho’, the Academy Award-winning song from the film Slumdog Millionaire. The sound effect is expected to be most distinct when drivers maintain the recommended speed, turning the road itself into an audio cue.

 

2. Sansha Yongle Blue Hole Reveals Complex Ocean History: Blue holes are among the least understood features of the ocean floor. From the surface they appear calm, merging with nearby reefs or open sea. Beneath, they descend sharply and shift in form and chemistry. The Sansha Yongle Blue Hole, also called the Dragon Hole, in the South China Sea has drawn sustained scientific interest. Once confirmed as the world’s deepest blue hole at 301.19 metres, it has since lost that record to a deeper site in Mexico. Yet its structure and isolation continue to make it a vital site for marine research. Detailed surveys show that the Dragon Hole is not a straight vertical shaft. It bends and tilts as it descends. The deepest point lies more than 100 metres horizontally from the surface opening. The entrance is broad near the top, then narrows sharply before widening again at certain depths. This uneven morphology reflects gradual formation over time rather than a single collapse event. Reef limestone dominates the walls, shaped by long-term erosion and sea-level change. Early measurement attempts were hindered by the hole’s twisting interior. Navigation systems struggled with angled walls and shifting passages. In 2017, researchers deployed a high-grade remotely operated vehicle fitted with precise positioning tools. The mission produced the first full three-dimensional map. Multiple instruments were cross-checked to ensure accuracy. The final confirmed depth was recorded at 301.19 metres with minimal uncertainty. The mapping process took longer than expected due to the hole’s complex geometry.

 

3. Chandrayaan-4 South Pole Landing Site Identified: Scientists at ISRO’s Space Applications Centre have identified a promising landing site near Mons Mouton in the Moon’s south polar region for India’s first lunar sample return mission, Chandrayaan-4. The selection follows a detailed terrain assessment using high-resolution imagery from the Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter. A one-square-kilometre patch has emerged as the safest option for touchdown in one of the Moon’s most rugged landscapes. The study relied on images from the Orbiter High Resolution Camera (OHRC) aboard Chandrayaan-2. Stereo images with 32-centimetre resolution enabled scientists to generate precise digital elevation models at a 0.32-metre grid scale. Researchers examined surface slopes, crater density, boulder distribution and illumination conditions.Earlier assessments had identified broad candidate zones between 84° and 90° south latitude. The latest analysis narrowed the focus to five specific regions around Mons Mouton. One was rejected due to permanent shadow, which would hinder power generation and communication.Chandrayaan-4 will be ISRO’s most complex lunar mission. The spacecraft will consist of a propulsion module, descender module, ascender module, transfer module and re-entry module. The descender and ascender stack must soft-land, collect lunar samples and launch them back to orbit for return to Earth.Engineers require landing slopes below 10° and boulders smaller than 0.32 metres. Adequate sunlight for 11–12 days and uninterrupted radio visibility to Earth are essential. These constraints make site selection critical in the uneven south polar terrain.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Delhi Launches Lakhpati Bitiya Yojana for Girls’ Education Support: The Delhi government has announced a new financial assistance programme for girls from economically weaker families, titled the Lakhpati Bitiya Yojana. Set to begin on April 1, the scheme is designed to reduce school dropouts linked to financial stress and to build a savings cushion that matures as girls reach higher education milestones or adulthood. Lakhpati Bitiya Yojana offers staged deposits totalling ₹56,000 across a girl’s schooling and higher education pathway. With interest accrued over time, the deposited amount is expected to grow to around ₹1 lakh. The money will be credited to an Aadhaar-enabled bank account in the girl’s name, strengthening direct benefit delivery and traceability.The final matured amount is intended to support educational continuity and early-life financial security. The maturity condition is linked to either turning 21 or completing graduation or a diploma, whichever occurs earlier, creating an incentive for families to keep girls enrolled beyond secondary school.

 

2. Global R&D Spending Hits $2.87 Trillion in 2024: Global research and development (R&D) expenditure reached an estimated $2.87 trillion in 2024, according to the World Intellectual Property Organisation. The figure marks nearly a 3 per cent increase over the previous year and almost a threefold rise since 2000. The data, drawn from the Global Innovation Index Database, reflects the growing centrality of innovation-led growth across advanced and emerging economies. Asia accounted for around 45 per cent of global R&D spending in 2024, continuing a long-term upward trend. China, Japan and the Republic of Korea ranked among the world’s top 10 R&D investors. Several emerging economies, including India, Turkey, Egypt, Thailand, Poland and Saudi Arabia, also strengthened their presence in global research investment.In contrast, traditional industrial economies such as Germany, France, Italy, Canada, Russia, Brazil and the United Kingdom saw declines in their share of global R&D spending. The shift indicates a gradual rebalancing of innovation capacity towards Asia.China emerged as the world’s largest R&D spender in 2024, allocating $785.9 billion. This represents an almost 20-fold increase since 2000. China’s share of global R&D rose by more than 23 percentage points over the period, making it the biggest gainer.The United States ranked second, investing $781.8 billion in 2024—roughly double its spending compared to two decades ago. However, its global share declined by 9.7 percentage points. Japan, placed third, recorded a similar fall of 7.2 percentage points in its global share despite remaining a leading innovation economy.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Puducherry Doctors Win Chang-Crandall Humanitarian Award 2026: Two senior ophthalmologists from Puducherry have been selected for the prestigious Chang-Crandall Humanitarian Award 2026, recognising their outstanding service in combating cataract blindness and visual disability. Dr Haripriya Aravind and Dr R Venkatesh of the Aravind Eye Care System will receive the honour at the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS) Foundation conference in Washington DC on April 11.The award, instituted in 2017 through an endowment by David and Victoria Chang, celebrates exceptional humanitarian contributions in the field of cataract care. It carries a grant of $100,000, which the recipients have chosen to donate to the Aravind Eye Care System to further its non-profit initiatives.Dr Haripriya Aravind serves as chief of cataract and intraocular lens (IOL) services. She began her career in paediatric ophthalmology after completing her residency and later transitioned to adult cataract and IOL services. Working in a high-volume hospital setting, she has focused on improving patient outcomes and streamlining large-scale surgical care. Dr R Venkatesh, chief medical officer, completed his residency in 1997 and joined the general cataract unit. He gained extensive experience in high-volume outreach surgeries, particularly manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS), emphasising both quality and training of young ophthalmologists.