Daily GK Update- 31st Jan, 2026

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Ayush Ministry Partners with Zepto to Boost Online Access to AYUSH Medicines and Wellness Products: The Ayush Ministry signed an MoU with Zepto Limited via its Export Promotion Council to facilitate online access to Ayush medicines and wellness products across India.The partnership aims to strengthen digital discovery, ensure quality compliance, and build consumer trust in traditional healthcare products. Zepto, a quick-commerce platform, will help connect AYUSH manufacturers—especially MSMEs—to digital consumers, improving last-mile access to trusted wellness products.

 

2. NITI Aayog Launches Reports to Boost Circular Economy for ELVs, E-Waste, Tyres, and Lithium-ion Batteries: NITI Aayog launched three reports at the Material Recycling Association of India (MRAI) during the International Material Recycling Conference (IMRC) in Jaipur, focusing on End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs), Waste Tyres, E-waste, and Lithium-ion Batteries.The reports highlight challenges in India’s circular economy and provide recommendations for infrastructure development, sector formalisation, strengthening the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) framework, and boosting revenue potential.With the rise of electric vehicles and digitalisation, India’s Lithium-ion battery demand is projected to surge from 29 GWh in 2025 to 248 GWh by 2035, while ELVs are expected to grow from 23 million in 2025 to 50 million by 2030. E-waste in India is expected to increase from 6.19 MMT in 2024 to 14 MMT by 2030, highlighting the urgent need for effective circular economy practices to manage resources sustainably.

 

3. Delhi Man Critical After AI-Advised HIV Preventive Drug Use: A 45-year-old man from Delhi is in critical condition after developing a rare and severe drug reaction following the unsupervised use of HIV preventive medicines. The case has raised serious concerns over self-medication, illegal over-the-counter drug sales, and growing dependence on artificial intelligence platforms for medical advice without professional consultation. According to doctors at Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, the patient consumed HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) drugs after a high-risk sexual encounter, based solely on advice generated by an AI chat platform. He reportedly purchased a full 28-day course of antiretroviral medicines directly from a local chemist without a prescription. After taking the drugs for seven days, he developed extensive skin rashes and eye complications. His condition deteriorated as he visited multiple healthcare facilities before being admitted to RML Hospital in a critical state.

 

4. Gujarat Launches Mukhyamantri Gramotthan Yojana: Gujarat has launched a major rural development drive aimed at providing urban-level facilities in villages, signalling a strategic push towards balanced and inclusive growth. The initiative seeks to narrow the rural–urban divide by upgrading infrastructure and public services in key rural centres across the state. The Mukhyamantri Gramotthan Yojana was launched by Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel from Bhadran in Anand district. The programme envisions transforming rural hubs into growth centres with facilities comparable to urban areas, improving quality of life and economic opportunities in villages. In the first phase, 114 villages that function as Taluka headquarters will be developed with modern infrastructure. Planned amenities include high-quality road networks, underground drainage systems, solar-powered street lighting, and enhanced digital governance through e-Gram services. These upgrades aim to improve connectivity, sanitation, energy efficiency, and access to public services.

 

5. Indian Railways Launches First LNG-Diesel Dual-Fuel DEMU Train: Indian Railways has achieved a significant milestone in sustainable transport by operationalising the country’s first LNG-Diesel dual-fuel Diesel Electric Multiple Unit (DEMU) train. The initiative marks a decisive step towards reducing emissions and fuel costs in rail operations, aligning with broader national clean energy goals. The dual-fuel DEMU train has been operationalised at Sabarmati in Ahmedabad under Indian Railways. The project involved converting the driving power cars of a 1,400 horsepower DEMU train to operate on a dual-fuel system. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is used to substitute nearly 40 per cent of conventional diesel consumption, without compromising performance or reliability. According to the Divisional Railway Manager of Ahmedabad, Ved Prakash, the converted power cars have successfully completed field trials covering more than 2,000 kilometres. Following these trials, the train has entered regular passenger service and is operating smoothly without any technical or operational challenges. This validates the feasibility of LNG-based propulsion in day-to-day rail services.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India–EU Free Trade Agreement Concluded: A Strategic Breakthrough in India’s Global Trade Engagement: PM Narendra Modi and European Commission President H.E. Ms Ursula von der Leyen, jointly announced the conclusion of the India–EU Free Trade Agreement at the 16th India–EU Summit, held during the visit of the European leaders to India.The FTA comes after intense negotiations since the re-launch of negotiations in 2022. India and the EU are the 4th and 2nd largest economies, comprising 25% of Global GDP, and account for one third of global trade. India has secured unprecedented market access for more than 99% of Indian exports by trade value to the EU that also bolsters the ‘Make in India’ initiative.The European Union is India’s one of the largest trading partner, with bilateral trade in goods and services growing steadily over the years. In 2024–25, India’s bilateral trade in goods with the EU stood at INR 11.5 Lakh Crore (USD 136.54 billion) with exports worth INR 6.4 Lakh Crore (USD 75.85 billion) and imports amounting to INR 5.1 Lakh Crore (USD 60.68 billion).

 

2. 28 January – International Data Privacy Day: International Data Privacy Day is observed every year on 28 January to raise awareness about the importance of protecting personal and sensitive data online.Theme 2026 – Take Control of Your Data The day emphasizes digital privacy, cybersecurity, and responsible data handling for individuals, businesses, and governments.

 

3. India, Canada Sign Energy Cooperation Statement at IEW 2026: India and Canada on Tuesday signed a Joint Statement on Energy Cooperation on the sidelines of India Energy Week 2026 in Goa, reaffirming their intent to strengthen bilateral collaboration across conventional and clean energy sectors. The agreement signals renewed momentum in ties after both countries committed to re-engaging at senior political and working levels. The Joint Statement was signed following a bilateral meeting between India’s Union Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas and Canada’s Minister of Energy and Natural Resources . This marked the first participation of a Canadian Cabinet Minister at India Energy Week. The engagement followed directions from the Prime Ministers of both countries during their interaction on the margins of the G7 Summit held in Kananaskis, Canada, in June 2025. Both sides formally launched the renewed India–Canada Ministerial Energy Dialogue, underlining the importance of energy security, supply diversification, and stable partnerships for long-term economic growth. 

 

4. Rare Jumping Spider Recorded in India for First Time: Researchers have documented a rare species of jumping spider in Assam, marking its first recorded presence in India and adding a significant entry to the country’s biodiversity records. The discovery highlights the ecological richness of southern Assam and underlines the scientific importance of its forest ecosystems. The species, identified as “Colyttus bilineatus”, was recorded by researchers from Assam University, Silchar. The documentation was made at Loharbond in the Inner Line Reserved Forest of Cachar district. This forested area lies close to the borders of Mizoram and Manipur and forms part of a biologically sensitive landscape in the Barak Valley region. Jumping spiders belong to the family Salticidae, known for their excellent vision and active hunting behaviour. The recording of “Colyttus bilineatus” in India extends the known geographical range of the species. Such findings are crucial for understanding species distribution patterns and assessing the health of forest habitats in the eastern Himalayan foothills and adjoining regions.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Adani and Embraer Sign MoU to Set Up India’s First Commercial Aircraft Assembly Line: Adani Defence & Aerospace and Brazilian aircraft maker Embraer signed an MoU to establish India’s first commercial aircraft final assembly line (FAL).Embraer currently operates FALs in the US (Melbourne and Jacksonville, Florida) for business jets and defence aircraft, and will bring its expertise to India for commercial aircraft manufacturing.With India’s civil aviation market rapidly expanding—800 aircraft in operation and 1,700 on order—Embraer is already in talks with airlines like Star Air, IndiGo, and Air India for potential future sales and fleet expansion.

 

2. US Approves $3.8 Billion Apache Helicopter Sale to Israel: The United States has cleared a major arms sale to Israel, approving the transfer of 30 Apache attack helicopters and related military equipment worth nearly $3.8 billion. The decision comes amid a fragile ceasefire in Gaza and reflects Washington’s continued strategic and military backing of its key Middle East ally. The US State Department confirmed that the Apache helicopter sale forms part of a broader $6.7 billion weapons package for Israel. Alongside the helicopters, the package includes a separate $1.8 billion deal for joint light tactical vehicles. US officials stated that the sale aligns with American national interests and long-standing commitments to Israel’s defence preparedness and deterrence capabilities. In an official statement, the State Department emphasised that the United States is committed to ensuring Israel’s security and ability to defend itself against regional threats. President Donald Trump has reiterated strong political support for Israel, with his administration maintaining that robust military assistance is essential for regional stability and US strategic interests in West Asia.

 

3. Pechora Missile System Digitised, Boosting IAF Air Defence: Bengaluru-based defence manufacturer has completed a major upgrade of the Indian Air Force’s Pechora surface-to-air missile system, marking a significant step in India’s push to modernise ageing military platforms through indigenous capability. The fully digitised upgrade is expected to enhance the operational effectiveness of the and strengthen the country’s layered air defence architecture. The Pechora system, inducted in the 1970s, has formed a critical part of India’s air defence network for nearly five decades. While known for reliability, the Russian-origin system faced obsolescence challenges due to rapid technological advances. To address this, the IAF initiated a comprehensive upgrade programme to extend service life and improve combat performance. Alpha Design Technologies emerged as the strategic partner and signed a Rs 591.3 crore contract for the programme on September 25, 2020.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Swiggy Integrates AI Tools Like ChatGPT, Claude, and Google Gemini for Grocery, Food, and Dining Orders: Swiggy now allows users to order groceries, food, and make dining reservations through popular AI tools like ChatGPT, Claude, and Google Gemini, with current transactions supporting cash on delivery.Model Context Protocol (MCP) integration enables Swiggy Food, Instamart, and Dineout to interact seamlessly with AI agents, acting as a “universal connector” standardising API communication.Similar pilot projects have been tested by BigBasket, allowing grocery purchases via ChatGPT using UPI payments, where the AI agent checks the catalogue, presents options, and completes the order with a single confirmation.

 

2. OpenAI Retires GPT-4o, Makes GPT-5.2 New Professional Standard: OpenAI has announced that it will retire GPT-4o and several related models on February 13, 2026, marking a significant shift in its artificial intelligence roadmap. The transition positions GPT-5.2 as the default model for professional and creative users, reflecting the company’s focus on consolidation, personalisation, and improved user control. Since its launch, GPT-4o earned strong user loyalty for its conversational warmth, casual tone, and perceived creativity. Writers, marketers, and researchers widely preferred it for brainstorming, ideation, and narrative tasks. Following earlier deprecation plans, GPT-4o was briefly restored after widespread user feedback seeking more time to adapt. OpenAI acknowledged that this feedback directly influenced the design priorities of subsequent GPT-5 updates. According to OpenAI, GPT-4o will be retired alongside GPT-4.1, GPT-4.1 mini, and o4-mini. The company stated that usage of these models has declined sharply as newer systems became more capable. By retiring underused models, OpenAI aims to focus development resources on fewer, more versatile systems that meet the majority of user needs across professional and general use cases.

 

3. ONGC Launches Pragya-AIX AI Platform for Upstream Operations: Oil and Natural Gas Corporation has taken a major step in its digital transformation journey with the go-live of Pragya-AIX, an Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Exchange designed to embed AI into day-to-day operations. The initiative marks a shift from experimental pilots to a fully functional AI ecosystem across the company’s upstream activities. Pragya-AIX integrates more than 26 intelligent applications into a single digital platform, enabling seamless deployment across ONGC’s nationwide network of workcentres. Developed as a unified system, it allows AI tools to function at scale, supporting operational teams with real-time insights rather than isolated analytical outputs. This integration is expected to improve coordination and reduce functional silos.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. PFRDA Launches NPS Swasthya Pension Scheme As Proof Of Concept For Medical Expenses: The Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) has notified the launch of the ‘NPS Swasthya Pension Scheme’ as a Proof of Concept (PoC) under its Regulatory Sandbox Framework.This innovative sector-specific scheme is designed to integrate health-related financial support with the existing National Pension System (NPS) architecture. It allows Indian citizens to voluntarily contribute toward a dedicated fund intended exclusively for out-patient (OPD) and in-patient (IPD) medical expenses.The PoC will be managed by Pension Funds (PFs) in collaboration with FinTechs and Health Benefit Administrators (HBAs) to test operational and technological feasibility.

 

2. Contribution and Fund Management Mechanics: Corpus Transfers: Subscribers over 40 years of age (excluding Government sector employees) can transfer up to 30% of their self or employee contributions from their Common Scheme Account to the Swasthya Account.Investment Strategy: Contributions will be managed by PFs according to Multiple Scheme Framework (MSF) investment guidelines.Mandatory Dual Accounts: Every subscriber must hold a Common Scheme Account alongside the Swasthya Pension Scheme Account.

 

3. Withdrawal and Claim Settlement Protocols: Partial Withdrawals: Subscribers can withdraw up to 25% of their own contributions for medical needs once the corpus reaches a minimum of ₹50,000. There is no minimum waiting period or limit on the number of withdrawals. Premature Exit: If a single medical instance exceeds 70% of the Swasthya corpus, a 100% lump sum exit is permitted for treatment. Direct Settlement: Payments are remitted directly to the HBA, TPA, or hospital based on valid invoices, with any surplus returning to the subscriber’s Common Scheme Account.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. President Murmu honors 30 individuals with Jeevan Raksha Padak Awards: President Droupadi Murmu has approved the conferment of the Jeevan Raksha Padak Series of Awards-2025 on 30 persons. This includes the Sarvottam Jeevan Raksha Padak to six persons, the Uttam Jeevan Raksha Padak to six persons, and the Jeevan Raksha Padak to 18 persons. Six of the awardees are being honoured posthumously. Jeevan Raksha Padak Series of Awards is given to individuals for meritorious acts of human nature in saving the life of a person. The awards are given in three categories, namely, Sarvottam Jeevan Raksha Padak, Uttam Jeevan Raksha Padak and Jeevan Raksha Padak. Persons of all walks of life are eligible for these awards. The award can also be conferred posthumously.

 

Daily GK Update- 30th Jan, 2026

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Ladakh Red Sky Signals Rare Solar Radiation Storm: The night sky over Hanle in Ladakh turned an eerie blood-red in mid-January, stunning observers and flooding social media with images likened to the Northern Lights. Yet scientists stress that the spectacle was not merely a visual rarity. It was a warning sign of intense solar activity with real implications for Earth’s technological systems. The phenomenon occurred on the nights of January 19 and 20 after the Sun unleashed an X-class solar flare on January 18, the most powerful category of solar eruptions. This flare triggered a fast-moving Coronal Mass Ejection, a cloud of charged plasma and magnetic fields travelling at nearly 1,700 km per second. Within about 25 hours, it struck Earth’s magnetosphere, generating a G4-level geomagnetic storm classified as “severe”. When charged solar particles collide with Earth’s magnetic shield, they excite atmospheric gases and produce auroras. In polar regions, these usually appear green. Hanle, however, lies far south of typical auroral zones. Observers there saw the upper fringes of the auroral display, which glow red due to excited oxygen atoms at altitudes above 300 kilometres. Such displays are extremely rare over the Indian subcontinent.

 

2. Karnataka Plans Regulatory Sandbox Under Innovation Act: The Karnataka government has announced plans to establish a regulatory sandbox framework under the Karnataka Innovation Act to support responsible development of emerging technologies. The proposal comes amid rapid digital expansion in India, driven largely by rural internet adoption and increasing use of artificial intelligence-enabled services. The proposed regulatory sandbox will allow innovators, startups, and research institutions to test new technologies in a controlled environment. The objective is to balance innovation with accountability, safety, and public trust. The framework will enable experimentation while parallel long-term governance mechanisms are developed. Officials highlighted that such models are critical to ensure laws and regulations keep pace with fast-evolving digital technologies without stifling innovation. The state government emphasised that Karnataka continues to position itself as a national hub for advanced technology. Accelerator programmes, deep-tech skilling initiatives, and expanded Centres of Excellence are being strengthened to build talent capacity. 

 

3. Assam Launches Eti Koli Duti Paat Scheme for Tea Worker: Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma on Wednesday launched the Mukhya Mantrir Eti Koli Duti Paat Scheme at Doomdooma in Tinsukia district, marking a major welfare initiative for tea garden workers. The scheme aims to recognise the contribution of tea tribes and indigenous communities and provide direct financial support across the state. Under the scheme, over Rs. 300 crore will be disbursed as a one-time assistance of Rs. 5,000 each to more than six lakh tea garden workers, including permanent and casual labourers. The benefit will cover workers across 836 tea gardens in 27 districts and 73 legislative assembly constituencies. The Chief Minister stated that budgetary provisions have been made to ensure timely and complete implementation of the scheme. During the event, Sarma also inaugurated mobile creches and mobile toilet services for tea garden areas. These initiatives are intended to improve childcare, health, dignity and safety for workers, especially women. He said the launch of Eti Koli Duti Paat fulfilled an important election promise and reflected the government’s commitment to inclusive development.0

 

4. Shettihalli Sanctuary Boundary Review Triggers Conservation Debate: Amid growing controversy over a proposal to reduce the notified boundary of Shettihalli Wildlife Sanctuary in Shivamogga district, Karnataka Forest Minister Shri Eshwar Khandre visited the sanctuary to assess the situation on the ground. The visit comes as debates intensify between the state government and conservationists over legal, ecological and livelihood concerns linked to the sanctuary’s extent. Addressing the media during his visit, the minister stated that the Forest Department has been attempting to correct the sanctuary boundary since 2016. He said the originally notified boundary includes urban features such as a bus station, government buildings and parts of the city. According to him, inspections have been carried out and two review meetings held so far, with another meeting planned to arrive at a final decision that balances conservation needs with local livelihoods.

 

5. Jal Shakti Ministry Engages Youth for Water Conservation: The Ministry of Jal Shakti organised a special interaction programme in New Delhi, bringing together grassroots change-makers, WaSH Warriors and school students to strengthen public participation in water conservation. The programme was led by Union Minister Shri C.R. Paatil and highlighted community-led efforts in river rejuvenation, drinking water and sanitation. The programme opened with an interactive Samvaad session, where WaSH Warriors, community representatives and students from multiple States shared on-ground experiences. Participants spoke about initiatives to keep the Ganga clean, reduce plastic use, conserve biodiversity and protect water sources. Many highlighted riverbank cleanliness drives, plantation activities, ecological monitoring and awareness campaigns conducted at the village level. Students described school-led efforts such as rallies, creative programmes and water-saving practices, underlining their role as change agents within families and communities.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India Allows EU Banks 15 Branches Under Free Trade Agreement: India has agreed to allow European Union banks to open up to 15 branches over a four-year period under the recently concluded India–EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The move marks a calibrated opening of India’s financial services sector while retaining safeguards for domestic stability and national interests, according to the commerce ministry. Under the agreement, India has committed to providing limited but structured market access to EU banks through branch expansion. Currently, European banks operating in India include Deutsche Bank, BNP Paribas, and Societe Generale. The cap of 15 branches over four years reflects India’s cautious approach to financial sector liberalisation, balancing foreign participation with regulatory oversight by domestic authorities. The FTA also includes broader investment commitments. India has offered 100 per cent foreign direct investment in the insurance sector and 74 per cent FDI in banking services. These commitments align with India’s long-term objective of attracting stable foreign capital, improving service efficiency, and integrating more deeply with global financial markets without compromising prudential norms.

 

2. Toddler Sets Two Guinness Records With Snooker Trick Shots: A two-year-old boy from Manchester has entered the record books after achieving two rare milestones in cue sports, an age group where holding the cue itself is a challenge. Jude Owens has been officially recognised for setting two Guinness World Records, highlighting an extraordinary display of coordination and skill at an age usually associated with toy bats and plastic balls. According to Guinness World Records, Jude Owens became the youngest person ever to successfully execute two different trick shots during play. On October 12, 2025, he set the record for the youngest player to make a bank shot in pool. Just 41 days earlier, he had already created history by becoming the youngest to double pot a snooker shot. Snooker, played on a larger table with smaller balls than pool, demands precision and control. A double pot involves pocketing two balls with a single strike of the cue ball, while a bank shot requires an object ball to rebound off the cushion before dropping into a pocket. Both shots are considered advanced techniques, even for seasoned players.

 

3. Pakistan-Bangladesh Direct Flights Resume After 14 Years: Pakistan and Bangladesh have resumed direct air connectivity after a 14-year gap, signalling a cautious but notable improvement in bilateral relations. The restart came on Thursday with the inaugural Dhaka–Karachi flight operated by Biman Bangladesh Airlines, ending a suspension that had been in place since 2012. The first flight, BG341, departed from Dhaka’s Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport at 8.15 pm and landed at Karachi’s Jinnah International Airport at 11.03 pm. On arrival, the aircraft was greeted with a traditional water cannon salute, confirmed by the Pakistan Airports Authority. Officials from both sides attended the departure ceremony in Dhaka, reflecting the political importance attached to the move. Bangladesh’s civil aviation and tourism adviser Sheikh Bashiruddin described the new route as a step towards enhancing connectivity, boosting tourism, and strengthening people-to-people ties. Pakistan’s Sindh governor Kamran Tessori stated that cooperation would extend beyond aviation into other sectors. Pakistan’s high commission in Dhaka said the inaugural flight was fully booked, indicating pent-up travel demand.

 

4. US Museum to Return Ancient Bronze Sculptures to India: The Smithsonian’s National Museum of Asian Art in the United States has announced the return of three ancient bronze sculptures to India following a detailed provenance investigation. The decision reflects growing international emphasis on ethical museum practices and the restitution of cultural heritage acquired through illicit means. The artefacts being returned include the celebrated “Shiva Nataraja” from the Chola period dating to around the 10th century, “Somaskanda” from the 12th-century Chola era, and “Saint Sundarar with Paravai” from the 16th-century Vijayanagar period. All three are masterpieces of South India’s bronze-casting tradition and were originally sacred temple icons used in religious rituals and processions. While all three sculptures will be formally returned to India, the Indian government has agreed to place the Shiva Nataraja on long-term loan with the museum. It will remain on display as part of a South and Southeast Asian exhibition, with full disclosure of its removal and return. Museum officials stated that this approach promotes transparency while educating global audiences about the object’s complete history.

 

5. EU Designates Iran’s IRGC as Terrorist Organisation: The European Union has formally designated Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) as a terrorist organisation, marking a sharp escalation in its policy towards Tehran. The move aligns the IRGC with groups such as Islamic State and al Qaeda, reflecting mounting European concerns over human rights violations, regional destabilisation, and security threats linked to Iran’s elite force. EU foreign ministers reached consensus after weeks of deliberation amid reports of a violent crackdown on nationwide anti-government protests in Iran. European officials cited thousands of alleged deaths, mass detentions, and systematic repression. Established after the 1979 Islamic Revolution, the IRGC was created to safeguard Iran’s clerical system. Over time, it has expanded into a powerful institution with influence across the military, intelligence services, and major sectors of the economy. The EU argued that the IRGC’s domestic role in repression and its external activities through regional proxies warranted the designation.

 

6. Legacy Phosphorus Emerges as Hidden Threat to US Farmland: Agricultural pollution is often associated with visible runoff and fertiliser use, but a more persistent problem lies beneath the surface. Across large areas of the United States, phosphorus has been accumulating in soils for decades at levels far exceeding crop requirements. While essential for plant growth, excess phosphorus has become a major environmental concern, with long-term consequences for soil health and water quality. Phosphorus is one of the three primary nutrients required for crops, along with nitrogen and potassium. For decades, US farmers applied phosphorus fertiliser as a precaution, ensuring crops would not suffer nutrient shortages. Fertiliser was relatively cheap, and phosphorus was considered environmentally safe because it binds strongly to soil particles and does not easily volatilise like nitrogen. Over time, this practice resulted in repeated applications without accounting for what already existed in the soil.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Taiwan Completes Underwater Trial of Indigenous Submarine: Taiwan has successfully completed the first underwater sea trial of its domestically developed submarine, marking a major milestone in its efforts to strengthen maritime deterrence against China. The trial represents a significant step in Taiwan’s broader military modernisation programme amid rising regional tensions and sustained Chinese naval activity around the island. The submarine, named “Narwhal”, carried out a shallow-water submerged navigation test off the southern port city of Kaohsiung. The trial was confirmed by CSBC Corporation, Taiwan’s state-owned shipbuilder leading the project. It is the first of eight submarines planned under Taiwan’s indigenous submarine programme, aimed at enhancing the island’s ability to protect vital sea lanes and conduct sea denial operations in the event of conflict. The “Narwhal”, originally scheduled for delivery in 2024, has faced delays attributed to international constraints and political pressure from Beijing. The submarine carries a price tag of approximately T$49.36 billion. It is equipped with a combat management system supplied by a US defence firm and will be armed with US-made Mark 48 heavyweight torpedoes. Taiwan has indicated that later submarines in the series could be fitted with missile systems to enhance deterrence.

 

2. Beating Retreat Ceremony Marks Close of Republic Day Celebrations: President Droupadi Murmu and Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Thursday attended the Beating Retreat ceremony, formally bringing India’s Republic Day celebrations to an end. Held annually on January 29 in the national capital, the ceremony is a solemn tribute to the discipline, heritage and service of the armed forces. The Beating Retreat ceremony featured synchronised performances by bands from the Indian Army, Navy and Air Force. The coordinated display of music and precision reflected India’s long-standing military traditions and the professionalism of its defence services. Senior government officials and top military commanders were also present at the event. Ahead of the ceremony, Prime Minister Modi described the occasion as a celebration of India’s enduring defence traditions. He said the Beating Retreat symbolises the strength and continuity of the armed forces and marks the formal conclusion of Republic Day events. Emphasising unity and courage, the Prime Minister highlighted the armed forces’ central role in safeguarding India’s sovereignty.

 

3. Captain Hansja Sharma Makes History as Rudra Helicopter Pilot: Captain Hansja Sharma has scripted a historic first by becoming the Indian Army’s first woman officer qualified to fly the Rudra Armed Helicopter. Her achievement marks a major milestone for Army Aviation and reflects the steady expansion of women’s roles in frontline combat and high-risk operational domains. At just 27, her qualification signals a shift where operational capability, rather than gender, defines combat leadership in the armed forces. Hailing from Jammu, Captain Sharma topped her course at the Combat Army Aviation Training School in Nashik. She became the first woman officer to receive the prestigious Silver Cheetah Trophy, awarded to the best combat aviator. She further secured First in Order of Merit in the 107th Air Traffic Management and Air Laws (Basic) Course at the Air Force Academy. These achievements collectively mark several firsts in the history of Indian Army Aviation.

 

SPORTS

 

1. Ranipet Schoolgirl Wins Gold at National Martial Arts Championship: A Class IX student from Ranipet has brought pride to Tamil Nadu by winning a gold medal at the 29th All India National Martial Arts Championship 2026, held in Goa on January 25. The achievement highlights the growing prominence of traditional Indian martial arts among young athletes and showcases grassroots talent from smaller towns. The championship marked the culmination of a nationwide selection process aimed at identifying young and promising practitioners of India’s traditional martial arts, including silambam. Competing against participants from across the country, S G Roshini secured the top honour, demonstrating technical skill, discipline and consistency at the national stage. Roshini has been training in silambam under renowned exponent Murali since the age of nine. Over the years, she has participated in several district-level and state-level tournaments across Tamil Nadu, steadily building competitive experience. Her sustained training and exposure to competitive events played a crucial role in her national success.

 

2. Rekha Gupta Felicitates World Champion Blind Women’s T20 Team: Delhi Chief Minister Rekha Gupta hosted the World Champion Indian Blind Women’s T20 Cricket Team at Mukhyamantri Janseva Sadan, celebrating their historic international triumph. The event brought together players, coaches, and representatives of the Blind Association, highlighting resilience, inclusivity, and excellence in Indian sport. During the interaction, Rekha Gupta praised the team’s grit and confidence. She described the players as a symbol of strength and aspiration, stating that the nation’s daughters are capable of achieving the extraordinary. The Chief Minister’s remarks underlined the government’s commitment to empowering women and persons with disabilities through recognition and support.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. China Plans Space-Based AI Data Centres: China has unveiled ambitious plans to deploy space-based artificial intelligence data centres over the next five years, signalling a new phase in strategic competition in orbit. The initiative, announced through state media, positions Beijing as a direct challenger to US-based efforts to shift energy-intensive AI computing beyond Earth amid rising terrestrial power constraints. China’s main space contractor has outlined plans to construct “gigawatt-class space digital-intelligence infrastructure” capable of processing data directly in orbit. The proposed system will integrate cloud, edge, and terminal computing capabilities, allowing seamless coordination between satellites and ground networks. By combining computing power, storage, and high-bandwidth transmission in space, China aims to reduce dependence on Earth-based data centres and address growing energy demands driven by AI workloads. The shift of AI processing into orbit has been identified as a core pillar of China’s upcoming 15th Five-Year Plan. Policy documents describe the creation of an industrial-scale “Space Cloud” by 2030, powered by large solar-energy hubs in orbit.

 

2. Microsoft Unveils Maia 200 AI Chip to Rival Nvidia: Microsoft has unveiled the second generation of its in-house artificial intelligence chip, Maia 200, alongside a new software stack aimed at reducing developers’ dependence on Nvidia’s ecosystem. The move underscores intensifying competition among major cloud providers as they seek greater control over AI infrastructure and costs. The Maia 200 chip will go live this week in a Microsoft data centre in Iowa, with a second deployment planned in Arizona. It builds on the first Maia chip introduced in 2023 and reflects Microsoft’s broader strategy to develop proprietary AI hardware. The announcement comes as major cloud players increasingly design custom chips to compete with Nvidia, which currently dominates the AI accelerator market. Microsoft joins peers such as Google and Amazon Web Services in producing in-house AI processors. Google has drawn attention from large AI users, including Meta Platforms, by narrowing the software gap that has traditionally favoured Nvidia’s hardware. These developments signal a gradual shift away from exclusive reliance on Nvidia chips in hyperscale data centres.

 

3. Karnataka Leads India’s GenAI Startup Ecosystem: Karnataka has emerged as the undisputed hub of India’s generative artificial intelligence revolution, hosting 39 per cent of the country’s GenAI startups, according to the Economic Survey 2025–26. The milestone reflects the state’s deepening role in India’s fast-expanding technology startup ecosystem, now ranked the third-largest globally. The Economic Survey notes that India witnessed a threefold surge in GenAI startups, rising to 890 in the first half of 2025 from 240 in the same period of 2024. This rapid expansion highlights growing investor interest, increasing enterprise adoption, and strong domestic capabilities in advanced digital technologies. Karnataka’s share places it well ahead of other states in the GenAI landscape.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. India Ranks Second in Global Consumer Confidence January 2026: India emerged as the world’s second most optimistic consumer market in January 2026, reflecting strong confidence in economic prospects and employment conditions. The latest LSEG–Ipsos Primary Consumer Sentiment Index (PCSI) placed India just behind Indonesia, underscoring resilient domestic demand and a positive growth outlook at the start of the year. According to the PCSI, India recorded a national index score of 60.7 in January 2026, rising by 1.4 percentage points from the previous month. Among the 30 countries surveyed, only Indonesia, with a score of 62.6, ranked higher. These were the only two markets to cross the 60-point threshold, indicating comparatively strong consumer optimism. The improvement in India’s score was driven primarily by upbeat expectations around the economy and jobs. The Economic Expectations Sub-Index rose sharply by 6.6 points, while the Employment Sub-Index increased by 6.3 points. These gains suggest growing confidence in future economic activity and improved job opportunities, supported by steady domestic demand and favourable growth indicators.

 

2. Dhamtari First District to Collect Property Tax via SAMARTH Portal: chhattisgarh/">Chhattisgarh’s Dhamtari district on Thursday became the first in the country to collect property tax through the SAMARTH Panchayat portal, marking a major step in digital rural governance. The initiative was formally launched at Sankara gram panchayat in Nagri block, where a resident successfully paid property tax using a UPI-enabled online payment gateway, setting a national precedent for technology-led decentralised administration. The rollout enables rural citizens to pay property tax from their homes through an integrated online system, reducing dependence on manual processes and minimising delays. Officials said the platform is designed to simplify panchayat administration, improve transparency and address the issue of pending arrears. Sankara has emerged as the first gram panchayat in India to operationalise a complete digital payment workflow for local taxes.

 

Daily GK Update- 29th Jan, 2026

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Adani to Begin ₹9,700-Crore Phase 2 of Vizhinjam Port: Adani Vizhinjam Port Pvt Ltd (AVPPL) will begin Phase 2 construction of the Vizhinjam International Seaport in Kerala, with an investment of ₹9,700 crore, expected to be completed by 2028.Phase 2 will increase the port’s capacity from 1 million TEUs to 5 million TEUs, significantly expanding container handling capabilities.Phase 1 involved an investment of about ₹28,867 crore, and the inauguration of Phase 2 will be led by Kerala CM Pinarayi Vijayan, with Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal as chief guest.

 

2. Madhya Pradesh to Observe 2026 as ‘Year of Agriculture’ Under “Prosperous Farmers – Prosperous State” Vision: Madhya Pradesh will observe 2026 as the ‘Year of Agriculture’, announced by Governor Mangubhai Patel during the 77th Republic Day function in Bhopal.Under the theme “Prosperous Farmers – Prosperous State”, a 10-point agricultural development model has been adopted, focusing on technology transfer, income growth, natural farming, marketing, exports, innovation, and digital transparency.

 

3. Amit Shah to Inaugurate Assam’s Largest Multi-Sports Stadium in Dibrugarh on January 30: Union Home Minister Amit Shah will inaugurate the first phase of Assam’s largest multi-sports stadium in Dibrugarh, marking a key step in the state’s sports infrastructure development.Built at Khanikar, Dibrugarh at a cost of Rs 233 crore, the stadium spans 104 bighas, has a 35,000 seating capacity, and is designed to host national and international sporting events, positioning Dibrugarh as a future sports hub in Northeast India.The multi-disciplinary stadium will offer world-class amenities for athletes, promote grassroots and professional sports development, and stimulate economic growth through sports tourism and allied services.

 

4. 27 January – National Geographic Day: National Geographic Day is observed every year on 27 January to celebrate the contributions of geography and geographic knowledge in understanding the Earth.The day highlights the role of maps, exploration, environmental studies and geospatial science in human development. It aims to create awareness about natural resources, climate, biodiversity and sustainable development.

 

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India Ranks 8th in Global Al Investment: WEF White Paper: India ranked 8th among 11 countries in terms of historical accumulated investments in the AI ecosystem (2010–2024) as a percentage of 2024 GDP, according to a WEF white paper.The US and Singapore led the rankings, with AI investments at 3.4–5.1% and 3.1–4.6% of GDP, respectively, followed by South Korea and China.

India’s accumulated AI investments since 2010 stood at 1.2–1.8% of its 2024 GDP, placing it above Europe (excluding the UK) and Brazil, but below UAE, Japan, Canada, and the UK.The report noted that global AI investments are heavily skewed towards hardware, largely driven by just two companies—TSMC and UMC.

 

2. BPCL to Sign $780 Million Crude Oil Deal with Brazil’s Petrobras at India Energy Week 2026 : Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd (BPCL) to sign a term contract with Brazil’s Petrobras to source 12 million barrels of crude oil, valued at around $780 million.The agreement will be formalised during India Energy Week (IEW) 2026, which will take place in Goa from January 27 to 30.BPCL’s overseas arm, Bharat PetroResources Ltd (BPRL), will also sign an MoU with Shell for potential collaboration in global exploration.

 

3. 26 January – International Customs Day: International Customs Day is observed every year on 26 January to recognise the role of customs administrations in securing international trade and borders.Theme 2026 –Customs Protecting Society Through Vigilance and CommitmentThe day marks the establishment of the World Customs Organization (WCO), which came into force on 26 January 1953.

 

4. QS Europe Rankings 2026: Oxford Leads, Top Universities Listed: The QS World University Rankings Europe 2026 have been released, offering a comprehensive snapshot of Europe’s leading higher education institutions. Compiled by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), the rankings are designed to guide students planning to pursue higher studies across the continent. This year’s list reflects notable shifts at the top, underlining Europe’s competitive and evolving academic landscape. The University of Oxford has secured the first position in the QS Europe Rankings 2026, rising from third place last year. The achievement reinforces Oxford’s strength in research output, academic reputation, and global engagement. ETH Zurich followed closely at second place, maintaining its status as continental Europe’s highest-ranked institution, known for excellence in science, technology, and innovation. Universities from the United Kingdom continue to dominate the upper tiers of the rankings. Imperial College London and University College London (UCL) jointly occupy the third position, reflecting consistent performance in employability and international outlook. The University of Cambridge ranks fifth, while the University of Edinburgh and King’s College London secure sixth and seventh positions respectively, highlighting the UK’s continued academic influence in Europe.

 

5. Canada Targets Doubling India Trade to $60 Billion: Canada has set an ambitious goal to double its bilateral trade with India from $30 billion to $60 billion by the end of the decade, signalling a renewed strategic push in economic engagement. The target comes as Ottawa prepares for a high-level visit to New Delhi and reflects a broader recalibration of ties amid global economic uncertainty and shifting supply chains. Speaking at India Energy Week, Canada’s Energy and Natural Resources Minister Tim Hodgson said the trade objective has been clearly defined by the Canadian Prime Minister, who has set measurable performance benchmarks for the partnership. Hodgson described the India–Canada trade relationship as underdeveloped relative to its potential, despite strong complementarities in energy, resources and technology. The proposed expansion is being positioned as a mutually beneficial move to enhance economic resilience for both countries.

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Simran Bala Becomes First Woman CRPF Officer from Rajouri: Simran Bala, a 26-year-old Assistant Commandant, became the first woman CRPF officer from Rajouri (Jammu & Kashmir) to lead an all-male CRPF marching contingent at the 77th Republic Day Parade on Kartavya Path.

Breaking Barriers: Her leadership at the national parade marks a significant milestone for women in central armed police forces, inspiring greater gender inclusion in uniformed services.

 

2. ICGS Varaha & Atulya arrive at Port of Colombo for official visit : Indian Coast Guard ships ICGS Varaha and ICGS Atulya arrived at the Port of Colombo for an official visit.ICGS Varaha, a 96.2-meter Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV), is commanded by Commandant Ashvini Kumar, while ICGS Atulya, a 50-meter Fast Patrol Vessel, is under Commandant Anit Kumar Mishra.The visiting ships will participate in exercises with the Sri Lanka Coast Guard, aiming to enhance professional interaction and bilateral maritime cooperation.

 

3. Captain Hansja Sharma Makes History as Rudra Helicopter Pilot: Captain Hansja Sharma has scripted a historic first by becoming the Indian Army’s first woman officer qualified to fly the Rudra Armed Helicopter. Her achievement marks a major milestone for Army Aviation and reflects the steady expansion of women’s roles in frontline combat and high-risk operational domains. At just 27, her qualification signals a shift where operational capability, rather than gender, defines combat leadership in the armed forces. Captain Sharma recently led the 251 Army Aviation Squadron during the Army Day Parade 2026 in Rajasthan. The formation showcased the HELINA anti-tank guided missile, underlining the operational credibility of the Rudra platform. Leading an armed helicopter formation at a national parade is a responsibility typically reserved for highly experienced aviators, highlighting the confidence placed in her professional competence by the Army.

 

4. Bihar Regiment Centre Marks 5th Battalion Raising Day: The Bihar Regiment Centre (BRC) observed the 64th Raising Day of the 5th Battalion at Danapur cantonment, Patna, on Wednesday with full military traditions and tributes to fallen soldiers. The commemoration highlighted the battalion’s legacy of disciplined service, operational professionalism and continued contribution to national security across diverse theatres and missions. The Raising Day ceremony was held at the regiment’s historic base in Danapur, a key hub of the Bihar Regiment’s training and administrative ecosystem. Personnel from different ranks assembled to mark the occasion, reflecting the Army’s customary emphasis on regimental identity, continuity and collective memory. Such events reinforce unit cohesion and renew the pledge to uphold standards of duty, honour and sacrifice.

SPORTS

 

1. Amelia Valverde Appointed Head Coach of Senior Indian Women’s Football Team: The All India Football Federation (AIFF) has appointed Amelia Valverde of Costa Rica as the head coach of the senior Indian women’s football team.She has joined the Indian camp in Antalya, Türkiye, where the Blue Tigresses are preparing for the AFC Women’s Asian Cup Australia 2026, scheduled for March.

 

2. Rekha Gupta Felicitates World Champion Blind Women’s T20 Team: Delhi Chief Minister Rekha Gupta hosted the World Champion Indian Blind Women’s T20 Cricket Team at Mukhyamantri Janseva Sadan, celebrating their historic international triumph. The event brought together players, coaches, and representatives of the Blind Association, highlighting resilience, inclusivity, and excellence in Indian sport. During the interaction, Rekha Gupta praised the team’s grit and confidence. She described the players as a symbol of strength and aspiration, stating that the nation’s daughters are capable of achieving the extraordinary. The Chief Minister’s remarks underlined the government’s commitment to empowering women and persons with disabilities through recognition and support.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Google DeepMind Unveils AlphaGenome AI Tool for DNA Mutations: Google DeepMind has unveiled a new artificial intelligence system, AlphaGenome, designed to help scientists better understand DNA mutations and their biological impact. The announcement was made on January 28, 2026, alongside the publication of the research in the scientific journal Nature. Researchers say the tool could significantly advance genomic science and disease research. In a post on X, the DeepMind team stated that AlphaGenome aims to help researchers understand the human genome, predict the molecular effects of genetic changes, and enable new biological discoveries. The tool focuses on interpreting how variations in DNA influence gene regulation, a critical factor behind many inherited diseases and cancers. According to the Nature study, AlphaGenome addresses a key limitation in existing genomic tools. While earlier models either analysed long DNA sequences or provided highly detailed predictions, AlphaGenome achieves both. It can analyse up to one megabase (1 Mb) of DNA at a time while delivering predictions down to a single DNA letter across thousands of biological signals. Trained on both human and mouse genomes, the model matched or exceeded leading external tools in 25 out of 26 variant-effect evaluations.

 

2. How Deuterons Survive High-Energy LHC Collisions: The deuteron, the nucleus of deuterium, is one of the simplest bound nuclear systems, consisting of just one proton and one neutron. Despite its very low binding energy, experiments at the Large Hadron Collider have repeatedly observed deuterons and anti-deuterons emerging intact from extremely energetic particle collisions. This long-standing puzzle has now been addressed by new experimental evidence. In high-energy proton–proton collisions, such as those at the LHC, matter is briefly converted into a dense, hot environment filled with strongly interacting particles. The deuteron’s weak binding makes it appear unlikely to survive such conditions. This led physicists to question whether deuterons are produced directly during the collision or assembled later from their constituent particles.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. FDI inflows to India surged by 73 per cent to $47 billion in 2025: UN : FDI inflows to India surged 73% to USD 47 billion in 2025, driven mainly by large investments in services (finance, IT, R&D) and manufacturing, supported by policies integrating India into global supply chains.China’s FDI declined for the third consecutive year, falling 8% to USD 107.5 billion, while global FDI rose 14% to USD 1.6 trillion in 2025.A significant portion of global FDI growth came through major financial hubs such as the UK, Luxembourg, Switzerland, and Ireland, contributing over USD 140 billion.Cross-border M&A activity fell by 22% to USD 132 billion, except for strong growth in semiconductors and telecommunications, while international project finance rose 7% to USD 218 billion.Data centres were a major driver of FDI in 2025, with greenfield investments reaching USD 125 billion and India ranking among the top 10 recipients, alongside countries like France, the US, and South Korea.

 

2. PFRDA Constitutes SAARG Committee to Review and Modernise NPS Investment Framework: ‘The Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) has set up a high-level committee to review and modernise the investment framework of the National Pension System (NPS).The committee, named the Strategic Asset Allocation and Risk Governance (SAARG) panel, will be chaired by Narayan Ramachandran, former CEO of Morgan Stanley India and current Chairman of TeamLease Services Ltd.The SAARG committee will review existing NPS investment guidelines, benchmark them against global pension systems, and align them with India’s evolving investment landscape.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. President Murmu Approves Gallantry Awards for 70 Armed Forces Personnel on 77th Republic Day Eve: President Smt Droupadi Murmu approved gallantry awards for 70 Armed Forces personnel, including six posthumous recognitions, on the eve of the 77th Republic Day.The awards include 1 Ashok Chakra, 3 Kirti Chakras, 13 Shaurya Chakras (including 1 posthumous), 1 Bar to Sena Medal (Gallantry), 44 Sena Medals (Gallantry) (including 5 posthumous), 6 Nao Sena Medals (Gallantry), and 2 Vayu Sena Medals (Gallantry).These awards honour the exceptional courage, sacrifice, and gallantry of personnel from the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force.

 

2. IAF Group Captain and Astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla Awarded Ashok Chakra at 77th Republic Day Parade: Indian Air Force Group Captain and astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla has been awarded the Ashok Chakra, India’s highest peacetime gallantry award, for his exceptional service.The honour recognises his significant role, including participation in the Axiom Mission to the International Space Station (ISS), marking a milestone in India’s space and defence achievements. President Droupadi Murmu conferred the award during the 77th Republic Day Parade.