Daily GK Update- 31st May, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. PM Modi Lays Foundation Stone for ₹1010 Cr City Gas Project in Alipurduar: Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of a City Gas Distribution (CGD) project worth over ₹1010 crore in Alipurduar, West Bengal.The project aims to supply Piped Natural Gas (PNG) to over 2.5 lakh households, 100+ commercial establishments and industries, and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) through 19 proposed CNG stations.This initiative will ensure an eco-friendly, reliable, and affordable fuel supply while also generating employment opportunities in the region.

 

2. Shivraj Singh Chouhan Launches ‘Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan’ and Fish Vaccine at ICAR-CIFA, Bhubaneswar: Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan launched the ‘Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan (VKSA-2025)’ at ICAR-CIFA, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, to promote advanced agricultural and fisheries technologies nationwide.A major highlight was the launch of “CIFA Argu VAX–I”, an innovative fish vaccine developed by ICAR-CIFA to combat parasitic infections and reduce economic losses in aquaculture.An exhibition showcased innovations from Self Help Groups (SHGs), KVK Khordha, and ICAR-CIFA, emphasizing community participation and grassroots innovation; VKSA-2025 will run from May 29 to June 12, 2025, across all districts.

 

3. NIRL and MAHAPREIT Join Hands to Establish a Green Energy: NLC India Renewables Limited (NIRL) signed a Joint Venture Agreement (JVA) with MAHAPREIT in Mumbai to establish a new Joint Venture Company (JVC) for green energy development.The JVC will focus on developing up to 2000 MW of renewable energy projects in Phase I, including solar, wind, hybrid, floating solar, BESS, and pumped storage, with a long-term goal of scaling up to 5000 MW in Maharashtra.The equity structure of the JVC will be 74% held by NIRL and 26% by MAHAPREIT, with MAHAPREIT supporting land acquisition and grid connectivity, while NIRL will handle project planning, financing, and implementation.

 

4. PM Modi releases commemorative coin on 50 years of Sikkim Statehood: Prime Minister Narendra Modi virtually addressed the “Sikkim@50: Where Progress meets purpose and nature nurtures growth” event in Gangtok, Sikkim.He also released a commemorative coin and stamp on the 50th anniversary of Sikkim’s statehood.Prime Minister Modi also inaugurated and laid the foundation stones for various projects, such as a 500-bed district hospital in Namchi district and a passenger ropeway at Sangachoeling, Pelling in Gyalshing District.

 

5. Hitachi India Appoints N Venu as Its Managing Director: Hitachi India appointed N Venu as Managing Director, while Bharat Kaushal, the first Indian MD, was elevated to Executive Chairman.N Venu will continue his roles as MD & CEO of Hitachi Energy India and Region Head of South Asia at Hitachi Energy, focusing on expanding Hitachi’s footprint in India under the Inspire 2027 management plan.

 

6. 30 May – Goa Statehood Day: Goa Statehood Day is celebrated annually on May 30 to mark the day when Goa became the 25th state of India in 1987.Before statehood, Goa was a Union Territory after being liberated from Portuguese rule in 1961.The day commemorates Goa’s transition from a Union Territory to full statehood, recognising its cultural identity, political significance, and economic growth.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. 29 May – International Day of UN Peacekeepers: International Day of UN Peacekeepers is observed every year on 29 May.The day honours the dedication and sacrifices of UN peacekeepers who work to maintain global peace and security in conflict zones.Theme 2025 – The Future of PeacekeepingIt commemorates the start of the first UN peacekeeping mission in 1956 and pays tribute to thousands of military, police, and civilian personnel who serve under the UN flag.

 

2. 29 May – International Everest Day: International Everest Day is observed annually on May 29 to commemorate the historic first successful ascent of Mount Everest by Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay in 1953.The day honors the spirit of human endurance, courage, and adventure, celebrating the achievement of reaching the world’s highest peak at 8,848.86 meters.Declared officially by the Government of Nepal in 2008, it also recognizes the contributions of the Sherpa community and promotes awareness about mountaineering and environmental conservation.

 

3. 30 May – International Day of the Potato: International Day of the Potato is observed annually on May 30 to recognise the importance of the potato as a global food crop.Theme 2025 – Shaping history, feeding the futureThe day was declared by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in 2008 to raise awareness about the contribution of potatoes to food security, nutrition, and sustainable agriculture worldwide.Potatoes are one of the most widely grown root crops globally and play a vital role in combating hunger and malnutrition, especially in developing countries.

 

4. Global Glacier Melting Accelerates Amid Climate Crisis: Recent studies indicate that glaciers are melting faster than anticipated. This alarming trend coincides with the first United Nations conference on glaciers held in Tajikistan. The research suggests that limiting global warming to 1.5°C can preserve glacier ice compared to current trajectories. If climate policies remain unchanged, the world could warm by 2.7°C, leading to catastrophic glacier loss. Glaciers are retreating globally. A study involving 21 scientists from ten countries assessed over 200,000 glaciers. Even with stable temperatures, glaciers are projected to lose approximately 39% of their ice mass by 2100. The situation worsens with rising temperatures.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Aircraft Carriers: In recent discussions, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh brought into light the significance of aircraft carriers in naval warfare. He addressed officers on the INS Vikrant, emphasising its role as a very important asset for the Indian Navy. Aircraft carriers, particularly the INS Vikrant and its counterpart, INS Vikramaditya, are crucial for maintaining maritime dominance. These vessels are not only formidable in offensive capabilities but also serve as symbols of national power. An aircraft carrier is a large warship that functions as a seagoing airbase. It allows for the deployment and recovery of aircraft. The carrier is equipped with a flight deck for take-offs and landings. It also contains a hangar for storing aircraft. The primary offensive weapon of a carrier is its fighter aircraft, which provide air superiority over vast distances.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Shubman Gill Named Brand Ambassador for Oakley’s “Artifacts from the Future” Campaign in India: Oakley has appointed Indian cricketer Shubman Gill as its brand ambassador and the face of its “Artifacts from the Future” campaign in India.Shubman Gill is recognized as one of the most promising young talents in international cricket, making him a fitting choice for Oakley’s campaign.The “Artifacts from the Future” campaign showcases Oakley’s iconic designs, blending futuristic style with five decades of signature innovation, aimed at 2075.

 

2. Cristiano Ronaldo Becomes First Player to Score 800 Club Goals: Cristiano Ronaldo became the first footballer to score 800 goals in club football, achieving this milestone at the age of 40 during Al-Nassr’s recent Saudi Pro League match.Ronaldo won the Saudi League top scorer award again this season, scoring 25 goals after a remarkable 35 goals last season.With 800 goals scored across five clubs, including an incredible 450 goals for Real Madrid, Ronaldo’s record surpasses all, including Lionel Messi’s 753 club goals.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. DHRUVA Initiative: The DHRUVA initiative is a groundbreaking digital policy introduced by the Department of Posts in India. Launched in 2025, it aims to reshape how address information is structured and utilised across the nation. DHRUVA stands for Digital Hub for Reference and Unique Virtual Address. This initiative builds on the earlier Digital Postal Index Number (DIGIPIN) system, enhancing the effectiveness of address data as a critical component of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI). DHRUVA is designed to transform address information into a key pillar of governance and service delivery. The initiative allows secure, real-time sharing of verified address data among citizens, businesses, and government entities. It promotes interoperability and standardisation of address formats, ensuring that various sectors can effectively collaborate.

 

2. Tianwen-2 Asteroid Mission: China has embarked on a pioneering space mission named Tianwen-2. Launched on 28 May 2025, this mission aims to retrieve samples from the near-Earth asteroid 469219 Kamoʻoalewa. This asteroid is unique as it acts as a quasi-satellite of Earth, orbiting between 15 to 39 million kilometres away. The mission is step in China’s growing role in space exploration. The Tianwen-2 mission has clear objectives. It aims to study the asteroid closely and collect approximately 100 grams of material. The mission will use a suite of 11 sophisticated instruments, including cameras and spectrometers, to conduct in-depth analysis.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. IEPFA and SEBI Launch ‘Niveshak Shivir’ Pilot to Resolve Unclaimed Dividend Issues: The Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA), under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, in collaboration with SEBI, is launching a pilot initiative called ‘Niveshak Shivir’, with the first camp scheduled for June 1, 2025, in Pune.The initiative aims to provide a one-stop solution for investors by addressing issues like unclaimed dividends and shares, KYC updates, nomination, and resolving pending IEPFA claims directly at the event.Niveshak Shivir promotes direct interaction between investors, companies, and Registrars and Transfer Agents (RTAs), eliminating intermediaries and offering on-the-spot grievance redressal through dedicated kiosks.

 

2. Jio BlackRock AMC Gets SEBI Nod to Launch Mutual Fund Business: Jio BlackRock Asset Management, a 50:50 joint venture between Jio Financial Services and BlackRock, has received final SEBI approval to launch its mutual fund business in India, with Sid Swaminatha appointed as MD & CEO.The fund house, set to become the 48th AMC in India, will focus on innovative, data-driven investment products, competitive and transparent pricing, and aims to democratize mutual fund investing for retail investors across the country.As per SEBI norms, operations must begin within six months; the venture will leverage BlackRock’s global expertise and Jio’s domestic reach to target India’s rapidly growing mutual fund industry, which had ₹70 lakh crore AUM as of April-end.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Raja Kumari Becomes First Indian-Origin Musician to Win American Music Award: Rapper and singer-songwriter Raja Kumari became the first Indian-origin musician to win an American Music Award (AMA) at the 51st AMA held in Los Angeles.She won for the song “Renegade (We Never Run)” from Arcane League of Legends: Season 2, a collaboration with UK artist Stefflon Don and Dominican-Brazilian artist Jarina de Marco.Two Indian Peacekeepers to Receive Posthumous Dag Hammarskjöld Medal at UN for Supreme

 

2. Sacrifice in Peacekeeping Missions: Indian peacekeepers Brigadier Amitabh Jha and Havildar Sanjay Singh will be posthumously awarded the Dag Hammarskjöld Medal for their supreme sacrifice in UN peacekeeping missions, on the occasion of the International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers (May 29) at the UN Headquarters in New York.Brigadier Amitabh Jha served with the UNDOF in the Golan Heights managing ceasefire arrangements, while Havildar Sanjay Singh was deployed with MONUSCO in the Democratic Republic of Congo, working in conflict-affected regions.The Dag Hammarskjöld Medal, established in 1997, honors military, police, and civilian personnel who died while serving in UN peacekeeping operations, named after the second UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld, who died in 1961 during a peace mission.

 

Daily GK Update- 30th May, 2025

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. PM Modi Lays Foundation Stone for ₹1010 Cr City Gas Project in Alipurduar: Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of a City Gas Distribution (CGD) project worth over ₹1010 crore in Alipurduar, West Bengal.The project aims to supply Piped Natural Gas (PNG) to over 2.5 lakh households, 100+ commercial establishments and industries, and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) through 19 proposed CNG stations.This initiative will ensure an eco-friendly, reliable, and affordable fuel supply while also generating employment opportunities in the region.

 

2. Shivraj Singh Chouhan Launches ‘Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan’ and Fish Vaccine at ICAR-CIFA, Bhubaneswar: Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan launched the ‘Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan (VKSA-2025)’ at ICAR-CIFA, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, to promote advanced agricultural and fisheries technologies nationwide.A major highlight was the launch of “CIFA Argu VAX–I”, an innovative fish vaccine developed by ICAR-CIFA to combat parasitic infections and reduce economic losses in aquaculture.An exhibition showcased innovations from Self Help Groups (SHGs), KVK Khordha, and ICAR-CIFA, emphasizing community participation and grassroots innovation; VKSA-2025 will run from May 29 to June 12, 2025, across all districts.

 

3. NIRL and MAHAPREIT Join Hands to Establish a Green Energy: NLC India Renewables Limited (NIRL) signed a Joint Venture Agreement (JVA) with MAHAPREIT in Mumbai to establish a new Joint Venture Company (JVC) for green energy development.The JVC will focus on developing up to 2000 MW of renewable energy projects in Phase I, including solar, wind, hybrid, floating solar, BESS, and pumped storage, with a long-term goal of scaling up to 5000 MW in Maharashtra.The equity structure of the JVC will be 74% held by NIRL and 26% by MAHAPREIT, with MAHAPREIT supporting land acquisition and grid connectivity, while NIRL will handle project planning, financing, and implementation.

 

4. PM Modi releases commemorative coin on 50 years of Sikkim Statehood: Prime Minister Narendra Modi virtually addressed the “Sikkim@50: Where Progress meets purpose and nature nurtures growth” event in Gangtok, Sikkim.He also released a commemorative coin and stamp on the 50th anniversary of Sikkim’s statehood.Prime Minister Modi also inaugurated and laid the foundation stones for various projects, such as a 500-bed district hospital in Namchi district and a passenger ropeway at Sangachoeling, Pelling in Gyalshing District.

 

5. Hitachi India Appoints N Venu as Its Managing Director: Hitachi India appointed N Venu as Managing Director, while Bharat Kaushal, the first Indian MD, was elevated to Executive Chairman.N Venu will continue his roles as MD & CEO of Hitachi Energy India and Region Head of South Asia at Hitachi Energy, focusing on expanding Hitachi’s footprint in India under the Inspire 2027 management plan.

 

6. 30 May – Goa Statehood Day: Goa Statehood Day is celebrated annually on May 30 to mark the day when Goa became the 25th state of India in 1987.Before statehood, Goa was a Union Territory after being liberated from Portuguese rule in 1961.The day commemorates Goa’s transition from a Union Territory to full statehood, recognising its cultural identity, political significance, and economic growth.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. 29 May – International Day of UN Peacekeepers: International Day of UN Peacekeepers is observed every year on 29 May.The day honours the dedication and sacrifices of UN peacekeepers who work to maintain global peace and security in conflict zones.Theme 2025 – The Future of PeacekeepingIt commemorates the start of the first UN peacekeeping mission in 1956 and pays tribute to thousands of military, police, and civilian personnel who serve under the UN flag.

 

2. 29 May – International Everest Day: International Everest Day is observed annually on May 29 to commemorate the historic first successful ascent of Mount Everest by Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay in 1953.The day honors the spirit of human endurance, courage, and adventure, celebrating the achievement of reaching the world’s highest peak at 8,848.86 meters.Declared officially by the Government of Nepal in 2008, it also recognizes the contributions of the Sherpa community and promotes awareness about mountaineering and environmental conservation.

 

3. 30 May – International Day of the Potato: International Day of the Potato is observed annually on May 30 to recognise the importance of the potato as a global food crop.Theme 2025 – Shaping history, feeding the futureThe day was declared by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in 2008 to raise awareness about the contribution of potatoes to food security, nutrition, and sustainable agriculture worldwide.Potatoes are one of the most widely grown root crops globally and play a vital role in combating hunger and malnutrition, especially in developing countries.

 

4. Global Glacier Melting Accelerates Amid Climate Crisis: Recent studies indicate that glaciers are melting faster than anticipated. This alarming trend coincides with the first United Nations conference on glaciers held in Tajikistan. The research suggests that limiting global warming to 1.5°C can preserve glacier ice compared to current trajectories. If climate policies remain unchanged, the world could warm by 2.7°C, leading to catastrophic glacier loss. Glaciers are retreating globally. A study involving 21 scientists from ten countries assessed over 200,000 glaciers. Even with stable temperatures, glaciers are projected to lose approximately 39% of their ice mass by 2100. The situation worsens with rising temperatures.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Aircraft Carriers: In recent discussions, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh brought into light the significance of aircraft carriers in naval warfare. He addressed officers on the INS Vikrant, emphasising its role as a very important asset for the Indian Navy. Aircraft carriers, particularly the INS Vikrant and its counterpart, INS Vikramaditya, are crucial for maintaining maritime dominance. These vessels are not only formidable in offensive capabilities but also serve as symbols of national power. An aircraft carrier is a large warship that functions as a seagoing airbase. It allows for the deployment and recovery of aircraft. The carrier is equipped with a flight deck for take-offs and landings. It also contains a hangar for storing aircraft. The primary offensive weapon of a carrier is its fighter aircraft, which provide air superiority over vast distances.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Shubman Gill Named Brand Ambassador for Oakley’s “Artifacts from the Future” Campaign in India: Oakley has appointed Indian cricketer Shubman Gill as its brand ambassador and the face of its “Artifacts from the Future” campaign in India.Shubman Gill is recognized as one of the most promising young talents in international cricket, making him a fitting choice for Oakley’s campaign.The “Artifacts from the Future” campaign showcases Oakley’s iconic designs, blending futuristic style with five decades of signature innovation, aimed at 2075.

 

2. Cristiano Ronaldo Becomes First Player to Score 800 Club Goals: Cristiano Ronaldo became the first footballer to score 800 goals in club football, achieving this milestone at the age of 40 during Al-Nassr’s recent Saudi Pro League match.Ronaldo won the Saudi League top scorer award again this season, scoring 25 goals after a remarkable 35 goals last season.With 800 goals scored across five clubs, including an incredible 450 goals for Real Madrid, Ronaldo’s record surpasses all, including Lionel Messi’s 753 club goals.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. DHRUVA Initiative: The DHRUVA initiative is a groundbreaking digital policy introduced by the Department of Posts in India. Launched in 2025, it aims to reshape how address information is structured and utilised across the nation. DHRUVA stands for Digital Hub for Reference and Unique Virtual Address. This initiative builds on the earlier Digital Postal Index Number (DIGIPIN) system, enhancing the effectiveness of address data as a critical component of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI). DHRUVA is designed to transform address information into a key pillar of governance and service delivery. The initiative allows secure, real-time sharing of verified address data among citizens, businesses, and government entities. It promotes interoperability and standardisation of address formats, ensuring that various sectors can effectively collaborate.

 

2. Tianwen-2 Asteroid Mission: China has embarked on a pioneering space mission named Tianwen-2. Launched on 28 May 2025, this mission aims to retrieve samples from the near-Earth asteroid 469219 Kamoʻoalewa. This asteroid is unique as it acts as a quasi-satellite of Earth, orbiting between 15 to 39 million kilometres away. The mission is step in China’s growing role in space exploration. The Tianwen-2 mission has clear objectives. It aims to study the asteroid closely and collect approximately 100 grams of material. The mission will use a suite of 11 sophisticated instruments, including cameras and spectrometers, to conduct in-depth analysis.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. IEPFA and SEBI Launch ‘Niveshak Shivir’ Pilot to Resolve Unclaimed Dividend Issues: The Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA), under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, in collaboration with SEBI, is launching a pilot initiative called ‘Niveshak Shivir’, with the first camp scheduled for June 1, 2025, in Pune.The initiative aims to provide a one-stop solution for investors by addressing issues like unclaimed dividends and shares, KYC updates, nomination, and resolving pending IEPFA claims directly at the event.Niveshak Shivir promotes direct interaction between investors, companies, and Registrars and Transfer Agents (RTAs), eliminating intermediaries and offering on-the-spot grievance redressal through dedicated kiosks.

 

2. Jio BlackRock AMC Gets SEBI Nod to Launch Mutual Fund Business: Jio BlackRock Asset Management, a 50:50 joint venture between Jio Financial Services and BlackRock, has received final SEBI approval to launch its mutual fund business in India, with Sid Swaminatha appointed as MD & CEO.The fund house, set to become the 48th AMC in India, will focus on innovative, data-driven investment products, competitive and transparent pricing, and aims to democratize mutual fund investing for retail investors across the country.As per SEBI norms, operations must begin within six months; the venture will leverage BlackRock’s global expertise and Jio’s domestic reach to target India’s rapidly growing mutual fund industry, which had ₹70 lakh crore AUM as of April-end.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Raja Kumari Becomes First Indian-Origin Musician to Win American Music Award: Rapper and singer-songwriter Raja Kumari became the first Indian-origin musician to win an American Music Award (AMA) at the 51st AMA held in Los Angeles.She won for the song “Renegade (We Never Run)” from Arcane League of Legends: Season 2, a collaboration with UK artist Stefflon Don and Dominican-Brazilian artist Jarina de Marco.Two Indian Peacekeepers to Receive Posthumous Dag Hammarskjöld Medal at UN for Supreme

 

2. Sacrifice in Peacekeeping Missions: Indian peacekeepers Brigadier Amitabh Jha and Havildar Sanjay Singh will be posthumously awarded the Dag Hammarskjöld Medal for their supreme sacrifice in UN peacekeeping missions, on the occasion of the International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers (May 29) at the UN Headquarters in New York.Brigadier Amitabh Jha served with the UNDOF in the Golan Heights managing ceasefire arrangements, while Havildar Sanjay Singh was deployed with MONUSCO in the Democratic Republic of Congo, working in conflict-affected regions.The Dag Hammarskjöld Medal, established in 1997, honors military, police, and civilian personnel who died while serving in UN peacekeeping operations, named after the second UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld, who died in 1961 during a peace mission.

 

Daily GK Update- 29th May, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Cabinet Approves ₹69 Hike in Paddy MSP for Kharif 2025–26: The Union Cabinet approved a ₹69 per quintal increase in the Minimum Support Price (MSP) for paddy (common variety) for the Kharif 2025–26 marketing season, raising it to ₹2,369 per quintal; the MSP for Grade A paddy was also increased to ₹2,389 per quintal.Revised MSPs were approved for 13 other Kharif crops, with nigerseed seeing the highest hike of ₹820 per quintal, followed by ragi (₹596), cotton (₹589), and sesamum (₹579), reflecting a push for higher farm incomes and crop diversification.Farmers are expected to earn improved margins over the cost of production, with bajra offering the highest margin at 63%, followed by maize and tur (59% each), and urad (53%), while others are estimated at 50%.From 2014–15 to 2024–25, paddy procurement reached 7,608 LMT worth ₹16 trillion, and total MSP procurement of 14 Kharif crops rose to 7,871 LMT valued at ₹16.35 trillion, showing a sharp rise compared to the previous decade.

 

2. Cabinet Approves Continuation of MISS for FY 2025-26: The Union Cabinet, chaired by PM Narendra Modi, approved the continuation of the Interest Subvention (IS) component under MISS and sanctioned the necessary fund allocations to support the scheme.Under MISS, farmers can avail short-term loans of up to ₹3 lakh through Kisan Credit Cards (KCC) at a subsidized 7% interest rate. Eligible institutions receive 1.5% subvention, and farmers repaying on time get an additional 3% Prompt Repayment Incentive (PRI), effectively reducing their rate to 4%.Loans up to ₹2 lakh taken exclusively for animal husbandry or fisheries also qualify for the interest subvention benefits, encouraging diversification in agriculture.Institutional credit disbursement through KCC grew from ₹26 lakh crore (2014) to ₹10.05 lakh crore (Dec 2024), and overall agri-credit flow surged from ₹7.3 lakh crore (FY14) to ₹25.49 lakh crore (FY24), aided by digital initiatives like the Kisan Rin Portal launched in 2023.

 

3. President Droupadi Murmu Inaugurates Two-Day Literary Conference: President Droupadi Murmu has inaugurated a two-day Literary Conference at the Rashtrapati Bhavan Cultural Centre.The event, organised in collaboration with the Sahitya Akademi, will feature sessions like Poets’ Meet, Feminist Literature of India, Change in Literature vs. Literature of Change, and New Directions of Indian Literature in Global Perspective.The conference will conclude with a special session on the saga of Devi Ahilyabai Holkar.

 

4. Raman Aggarwal Appointed CEO of Finance Industry Development Council: Raman Aggarwal has officially assumed charge as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Finance Industry Development Council (FIDC), the apex body representing NBFCs in India.His appointment marks a notable leadership change and has been prominently covered by major financial news platforms, highlighting its significance for the NBFC sector.

 

5. N Chandrasekaran to Step Down as Tata Chemicals Chairman; S. Padmanabhan Appointed Successor: Tata Sons Chairman N Chandrasekaran will step down as Director and Chairman of Tata Chemicals effective May 29, 2025, citing current and future commitments.Following his resignation, the Board appointed S. Padmanabhan, an existing Director, as the new Chairman of Tata Chemicals effective May 30, 2025.The company also approved the appointment of Modan Saha as an Additional Director (Non-Executive, Non-Independent) effective May 28, 2025, based on the Nomination and Remuneration Committee’s recommendations.

 

6. IndiGo Appoints Former IAS Officer Vikram Singh Mehta as New Chairman: IndiGo Airlines has appointed Vikram Singh Mehta, a former IAS officer, as the new chairman of its board.Vikram Singh Mehta will succeed Venkataramani Sumantran, who served as chairman for three years and resigned after completing his five-year term as a board member.Mehta has extensive leadership experience, having served as chairman of the Shell Group of Companies in India and CEO of Shell Markets and Shell Chemicals in Egypt.

 

7. 28 May – Menstrual Hygiene Day: Menstrual Hygiene Day is observed every year on 28 May.Objective – To raise awareness about the importance of menstrual health and hygiene in empowering women and girls to reach their full potential.Theme 2025 – Together for a #PeriodFriendlyWorld The day aims to break down societal stigmas and taboos surrounding menstruation, promoting open conversations and education about menstrual health.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. 28 May – World Hunger Day: World Hunger Day is observed annually on May 28 to raise awareness about the global hunger crisis and to inspire collective action toward sustainable solutions.Established in 2011 by The Hunger Project, this day emphasises the need for long-term strategies to combat hunger and malnutrition, focusing on empowerment, education, and systemic change.

 

2. WMO’s Climate Change Warning: The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has issued a critical warning regarding climate change. A recent report indicates a 70% likelihood that global temperatures will exceed the 1.5°C threshold above pre-industrial levels between 2025 and 2029. This alarming forecast comes as many countries are yet to submit their climate action plans for the next decade. The urgency for effective climate strategies has never been greater. The 1.5°C threshold was established at the Paris Agreement in 2015. It aims to limit the most severe impacts of climate change. Breaching this limit will lead to extreme weather events and ecological disruptions. The WMO report predicts that the annual average global near-surface temperature from 2025 to 2029 will be between 1.2°C and 1.9°C higher than the 1850-1900 average.

 

3. France Approves Bill for Assisted Dying: On May 27, 2025, France’s National Assembly passed bill allowing adults with unbearable and incurable illnesses to choose assisted dying. This decision marks a very important shift in France’s approach to end-of-life care. The bill aims to provide individuals with the right to die with dignity under strict conditions. The bill allows adults over 18 with serious, incurable illnesses causing constant suffering to request assisted dying. A team of doctors will evaluate the request. The process includes a 15-day review period followed by a 2-day waiting period. If approved, patients can self-administer the medication or receive assistance.

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Rajnath Singh approves AMCA to build India’s 5th Gen. Fighter Aircraft: The Defence Minister, Rajanath Singh, has approved the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) Programme Execution Model, which aims to build India’s fifth-generation fighter aircraft.In March 2024, the Union Cabinet Committee on Security, chaired by PM Modi, had approved the design and development of the AMCA.The Indian Air Force’s most advanced fighter plane is currently the Rafale, a 4.5-generation fighter plane from Dassault Aviation of France.The indigenously developed Tejas MK-1A is also claimed to be a 4.5-generation multi-role fighter aircraft.The Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) will design the fifth-generation fighter plane to be developed under AMCA.

The ADA has also designed the Light Combat Aircraft Tejas, which is being manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL).

 

2. Inter-Services Organisations Command Control Act 2023: The Inter-Services Organisations (Command, Control and Discipline) Act 2023 aimss to enhance the operational efficiency of the Indian Armed Forces. The Act was passed during the Monsoon Session of Parliament in 2023, receiving Presidential assent on August 15, 2023. It officially came into force on May 10, 2024. Recent developments include the notification of subordinate rules, which will take effect from May 27, 2025. The Act aims to strengthen the command and control structure within Inter-Services Organisations (ISOs). It promotes jointness among the Armed Forces, ensuring a cohesive operational framework. This is crucial for effective military coordination and discipline.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Ahmedabad to Host 2026 Asian Weightlifting Championship: Ahmedabad, Gujarat’s largest city, will host the 2026 Asian Weightlifting Championship from April 1 to April 10, 2026, as announced by the Asian Weightlifting Federation.The original venue for the 2026 championship was Gujarat’s capital, Gandhinagar, but the event was later shifted to Ahmedabad.The 2025 Asian Weightlifting Championship was held in Jiangshan, China, where Indian athletes Dilbag Singh (96 kg) and Seram Nirupama Devi (women’s 64 kg) participated but did not win any medals.India will be hosting the prestigious continental-level Asian Weightlifting Championship for the second time. It hosted the Asian Weightlifting Championship in 1982 as part of the 1982 Asian Games held in Delhi.The first Asian Weightlifting Championship was held in 1957 at Tehran, Iran.

 

2. India wins gold in 4x400m mixed relay at Asian Athletics Championships: India successfully defended its 4x400m mixed relay title at the Asian Athletics Championships in Gumi, South Korea, with the team clocking 3:18.12 to win gold.The Indian relay team comprised Rupal Choudhary, Santhosh Kumar Tamilarasan, Vishal TK, and Subha Venkatesan, finishing ahead of China and Sri Lanka.In individual women’s events, Rupal Choudhary won silver in the 400m, Pooja won silver in the 1500m, and Lili Das finished fourth in the 1500m.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. New Method to Detect Topological Invariants in Quantum Materials: Recent advancements in quantum materials research have revealed a novel method for identifying topological invariants. These invariants are properties of topological spaces that remain unchanged through continuous transformations. Topological materials are crucial for the development of technologies such as quantum computing and energy-efficient systems. However, their unique properties have historically been difficult to detect. Topological invariants are fundamental characteristics that define the shape of materials at the quantum level. They are not influenced by external appearances but are intrinsic to the material’s structure. A common analogy is the comparison between a donut and a coffee cup. Both have one hole and are thus topologically equivalent. In contrast, a wada and an idli are not equivalent due to differing hole counts.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. PayPal Gets RBI Nod to Operate as Cross-Border Payment Aggregator in India: PayPal Payments Pvt Ltd, the Indian subsidiary of PayPal Holdings Inc, has received in-principle approval from the RBI to operate as a Payment Aggregator for Cross-Border Exports (PA-CB-E).This approval enables PayPal to support Indian small businesses by facilitating secure cross-border payments to around 200 international markets, enhancing global selling capabilities.With India’s exports reaching USD 73.8 billion in April 2025, PayPal aims to simplify global commerce through localized tools like PayPal Checkout, Invoicing, and No-Code checkout, while operating within a regulated framework for greater transparency and security.

 

2. India’s Industrial Production Growth Slows to 2.7% in April 2025: India’s Index of Industrial Production (IIP) growth slowed to 2.7% in April 2025, down from 3% in March, as per data from the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.Among major sectors, manufacturing grew 3.4%, electricity generation rose 1.1%, while mining output declined by 0.2% in April.In the use-based classification, Capital goods showed strong growth at 20.3%, while Consumer non-durables (-1.7%) and Primary goods (-0.4%) witnessed contractions.

 

Daily GK Update- 28th May, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Shirui Lily Festival 2025 Concludes in Manipur with Emphasis on Sustainability and Cultural Unity: The five-day Shirui Lily Festival 2025 concluded successfully in Ukhrul district of Manipur, featuring cultural events and outdoor activities organised by Manipur Tourism.Trekking to Shirui Kashong Peak was a key attraction, with around 6,000 people registered by the third day and more joining later, highlighting the festival’s popularity.The festival emphasized environmental concerns, particularly the endangered Shirui Lily’s decline due to deforestation and climate change, and called for sustainable tourism to protect the region’s unique ecosystem.

 

2. PM Modi dedicates the Railways Dahod Locomotive Plant to the Nation: Prime Minister Narendra Modi dedicated India’s first 9000 HP (horsepower) electric locomotive plant of Indian Railways at Dahod, Gujarat, to nation built at a cost of ₹21,405 crore.The plant’s foundation was laid in 2022 and is operated in collaboration with Siemens India, a subsidiary of the German engineering firm Siemens AG.The locomotives are 90% indigenously manufactured, with Siemens responsible for their design, engineering, and maintenance.The plant has a production capacity of 120 electric engines annually, expandable to 150, and the locomotives will haul up to 4600 tonnes, primarily for freight trains.

 

3. Scindia unveils ‘Innovate to Transform’ as theme for 9th edition of India Mobile Congress: Union Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia unveiled “Innovate to Transform” as the theme for IMC 2025, to be held from October 8–11 at Yashobhoomi Convention Centre, Delhi. The event will showcase India’s technological growth and serve as a global platform for industries, investors, and innovators.Scindia launched the expanded ‘Sanchar Mitra Scheme’, turning it into a national movement that engages student volunteers to promote telecom awareness, cybersecurity, and digital empowerment, embodying India’s leadership in Democracy, Demography, Digitization, and Delivery.IMC 2025 will feature over 1,000 tech use-cases, 400+ exhibitors, 7,000+ global delegates, and 500+ startups, spotlighting cutting-edge technologies like 5G, 6G, AI, IoT, and green tech, while facilitating investment, collaboration, and global networking through its flagship startup programme ASPIRE.

 

4. Lion Population Growth in Gujarat: The recent lion census conducted by the Gujarat Forest Department reveals growth in the Asiatic lion population. This is the first census since 2020, showing a remarkable 32% increase in the lion population from 2020 to 2025. The total number of lions is now reported at 891. This growth reflects successful conservation efforts and changing dynamics in lion distribution across Gujarat. The range of lion distribution has expanded . From 1995 to 2025, the area occupied by lions grew from 10,000 square kilometres to 35,000 square kilometres. This expansion includes various districts such as Amreli, Gir-Somnath, and Junagadh, with Amreli reporting the highest concentration of 339 lions.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India’s Parliamentary Delegations Engage Multiple Countries to Highlight Firm Stance Against Terrorism: The all-party delegation led by Congress MP Shashi Tharoor in the US emphasized India’s precise response to terrorist bases in Pakistan after the Pahalgam attack and condemned Pakistan’s revisionist ambitions, while calling for India’s peaceful growth and development.Another multi-party delegation led by NCP MP Supriya Sule arrived in Qatar, where they were welcomed by India’s Ambassador Vipul; members include Anand Sharma, Rajeev Pratap Rudy, and Anurag Thakur, continuing India’s global anti-terrorism outreach.The DMK-led delegation headed by Kanimozhi completed their Moscow visit, engaging with major Russian media and highlighting evolving terrorist tactics, state propaganda, and India’s demand for accountability for cross-border terror attacks.Other delegations led by JD(U) MP Sanjay Jha (South Korea), Shiv Sena MP Shrikant Shinde (DR Congo), Baijayant Panda (Bahrain), and BJP MP Ravi Shankar Prasad (Europe) continue diplomatic visits, reinforcing India’s firm zero-tolerance stance against terrorism worldwide.

 

2. 25 May – World Football Day: Football Day is observed every year on 25th May, as declared by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in May 2024.The day aims to promote peace, unity, and global cooperation through the universal love of football, recognizing its role in development and diplomacy.The UNGA resolution was co-sponsored by over 80 countries, including major footballing nations like Brazil, Argentina, and Russia.2024 marks the 100th anniversary of the first international football tournament in history with the representation of all regions, which took place on May 25, 1924, during the summer Olympic games held in Paris.

 

3. 25 – 31 May – International Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories: The United Nations observes this week each year from 25 to 31 May to express global solidarity with the peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories—territories that have not yet achieved full political independence or self-government.It reaffirms the UN Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, supporting the right of these territories to self-government and political independence.

 

4. 24 May – World Schizophrenia Awareness Day: World Schizophrenia Awareness Day is observed every year on 24 May to raise awareness about schizophrenia, reduce the stigma, and promote better understanding of mental health.Theme 2025- Rethink the Label: Reclaim the StorySchizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. It often involves hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive difficulties.The day honours the efforts of medical professionals, caregivers, and organisations working to improve the lives of people living with schizophrenia through early diagnosis, treatment, and community support.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Russia’s Sukhoi Su-57E Fighter Jet Challenges: The Sukhoi Su-57E represents Russia’s ambition to compete in the global fifth-generation fighter market. Despite efforts to promote this aircraft, challenges persist. The recent Langkawi International Maritime and Aerospace Exhibition (LIMA 2025) in Malaysia brought into light these difficulties. The expected showcase of the Sukhoi Su-57E did not materialise, as only a scale model was displayed. This absence raises critical questions about the aircraft’s readiness for export. The Sukhoi Su-57E is the export version of the Su-57. It aims to rival advanced fighters like the F-22 and F-35. This aircraft is designed for stealth and supermaneuverability. It is equipped with long-range air-to-air missiles, such as the R-37M, capable of hitting targets up to 400 kilometres away. Russia positions the Su-57E as a potential game-changer in the global defence market.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Novak Djokovic Clinches Historic 100th ATP Singles Title at Geneva Open: Star tennis player, Novak Djokovic made history as he clinched his 100th ATP singles title.The 38-year-old Serb bagged the 100th title of his stellar career after beating Poland’s Hubert Hurkacz to win the Geneva Open Men’s Singles.At 38 years old, Novak Djokovic became only the third male player in the Open Era to win 100 ATP singles titles, joining Jimmy Connors (109) and Roger Federer (103).

 

2. Manipur Tops Medal Tally at Inaugural Khelo India Beach Games 2025: Manipur topped the medal tally at the inaugural Khelo India Beach Games 2025 with a total of 14 medals, including 5 gold, 6 silver, and 3 bronze medals.The first edition of the Khelo India Beach Games was hosted by the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli & Daman and Diu, with the closing ceremony held at the INS Khukri Memorial in Diu.The event featured six competitive sports — Pencak Silat, Beach Soccer, Sepaktakraw, Beach Kabaddi, Beach Volleyball, and Open Water Swimming — along with two demonstration sports: Tug of War and Mallakhamb.A total of 811 athletes from 31 States and Union Territories participated, and the mascot for the event was Pearl, a dolphin commonly found at Nagoa beach.

 

3. Mahendra Gurjar Sets New World Record in F42 Javelin at Nottwil Para Athletics Grand Prix: Indian para-athlete Mahendra Gurjar set a new world record in the men’s F42 javelin category with a throw of 61.17 meters at the Nottwil World Para Athletics Grand Prix in Switzerland, breaking the previous record of 59.19 meters set in 2022.Gurjar also won gold in the long jump T42 event with a 5.59m leap, marking his debut in the event and becoming Asia’s top-ranked athlete in that category.Tejaswani Wins Gold in Women’s 25m Pistol: Indian shooter Tejaswani won the gold medal in the women’s 25m pistol event at the ISSF Junior World Cup 2025 held in Suhl, Germany.She scored a total of 31 points after firing five shots in the eight-women final, securing India’s top position in the event.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Jitendra Singh launches indigenous Bharat Forecast System with 6-km resolution: Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh launched the Bharat Forecast System, an indigenously developed high-resolution weather forecast model with 6-km resolution, at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.Developed by the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune, this system improves India’s weather forecast detail from 12 km to 6 km, enabling more accurate village-level forecasts.Using the advanced ‘Triangular Cubic Octahedral Grid model,’ the system enhances real-time weather predictions, showing a 30% better forecast of extreme rainfall and 64% improvement in core monsoon zones.

 

2. New Method to Detect Topological Invariants in Quantum Materials: Recent advancements in quantum materials research have revealed a novel method for identifying topological invariants. These invariants are properties of topological spaces that remain unchanged through continuous transformations. Topological materials are crucial for the development of technologies such as quantum computing and energy-efficient systems. However, their unique properties have historically been difficult to detect. Topological invariants are fundamental characteristics that define the shape of materials at the quantum level. They are not influenced by external appearances but are intrinsic to the material’s structure. A common analogy is the comparison between a donut and a coffee cup. Both have one hole and are thus topologically equivalent. In contrast, a wada and an idli are not equivalent due to differing hole counts.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. India beats Japan, now fourth-largest economy: NITI CEO Subrahmanyam: India, with a GDP of $4.187 trillion, has surpassed Japan’s $4.186 trillion to become the world’s fourth-largest economy, as stated by NITI Aayog CEO BVR Subrahmanyam.The announcement came after the 10th NITI Aayog Governing Council meeting held in New Delhi, chaired by the Prime Minister.The IMF’s April 2025 ‘World Economic Outlook’ report predicted India would overtake Japan in 2025 and Germany by 2028 to become the third-largest economy globally.Despite India’s economic growth, a significant gap remains in per capita income, with Japan at $33,960 and India at $2,880; India’s economy is projected to grow around 6.2%-6.3% annually through 2026-27. Top 10 Largest Economies in the WorldAccording to the IMF, the top 10 largest economies in the world in 2025 are as follows. All the data are in US dollars, and GDP at market price.

 

2. Getepay Secures RBI Approval as Online Payment Aggregator: Getepay has become the first fintech company from Rajasthan to receive final authorisation from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to operate as an online payment aggregator, marking a major milestone for the firm and the fintech ecosystem.With this RBI approval, Getepay aims to expand its digital payment and commerce tools to millions of merchants, especially in Tier 2, Tier 3, and rural India, supporting over 1.5 million MSMEs and accelerating their formalisation.