Daily GK Update- 29th Jan, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Directorate General of Shipping & Centre for Development of Advanced Computing sign umbrella MOU to drive Maritime Innovation: The Directorate General of Shipping (DGS) and the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), a Scientific Society under Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) signed an umbrella Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), to advance technological innovation and excellence in India’s maritime sector.This MoU embodies a progressive vision for tackling challenges and leveraging opportunities in the maritime sector through technology, collaboration, and innovation. It establishes a strong foundation for building a sustainable and advanced maritime ecosystem in India.

 

2. JSW Group signs MoU with Odisha govt to set up 5-MTPA steel plant in Keonjhar: Sajjan Jindal-led JSW Group signed an MoU with the Odisha government to set up a 5-million tonnes per annum steel plant in Keonjhar district.The agreement was signed in presence of Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi and Sajjan Jindal here on the first day of ‘Utkarsh Odisha-Make in Odisha Conclave’.The JSW (Group) will set up a 5-MTPA steel plant in Keonjhar district at an investment of around Rs 35,000 crore.Keonjhar district is located in the iron ore reserves belt, and the minerals were being exported to other areas from the district. As a result, the locals did not get any benefit from the mineral resources.

 

3. Nagoba Jatara: The Nagoba Jatara is an important tribal festival celebrated by the Mesram clan of Adivasi Gonds in Keslapur village, Telangana. This eight-day event started on January 28 and is regarded as the second largest Adivasi fair in India. It draws participants from various states including Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh. The festival showcases the rich cultural heritage and traditions of the Gond community. The Jatara attracts thousands of participants. Elders of the Mesram clan play a central role in the rituals. They perform the ‘Bheting’ ceremony, where new brides are introduced to the clan. This process ensures their acceptance within the community and connection to their deities.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India’s participation in International Travel Trade Exhibition at FITUR, Madrid: The Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, has participated in one of the leading travel fairs – IFEMA being held in Madrid, Spain for positioning India as a potential leading destination in the source market of Spain and Latin America.The exhibition at FITUR, considered to be a benchmark event in the tourism sector, was held from 22nd – 26th January 2025. FITUR is the global meeting point for tourism professionals and leading fair for inbound and outbound markets in Ibero-America.The Indian delegation comprised of more than 23 co-exhibitors, including the State Governments of Karnataka, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand amongst others showcased their unique tourism products and experiences under the Incredible India banner at FITUR.

 

2. Georgia declared malaria-free after decades-long battle: The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced that Georgia has officially been certified as malaria-free, marking a significant milestone in the country’s nearly century-long battle against the disease.Georgia becomes the 45th country and the first in the WHO European Region to achieve this status.The certification process requires a country to demonstrate that no indigenous malaria cases have been reported for at least three consecutive years. Georgia achieved this milestone in 2015, after successfully interrupting the transmission of the three main malaria parasite species: P. falciparum, P. malariae, and P. vivax.

 

3. Micheal Martin returns as Irish prime minister: Micheal Martin has been elected as the Republic of Ireland’s prime minister for a second time. Lawmakers voted 95 to 76 in support of the nomination of the Fianna Fail leader.Martin will lead a coalition government made up of the two largest centre-right parties, in addition to independent lawmakers.Martin, 64, was previously prime minister from 2020 to 2022 before handing the position to Fine Gael for the second half of the term.

 

4. Alexander Lukashenko wins seventh straight term in ‘sham’ Belarus election: Longtime Belarusian leader Alexander Lukashenko has been declared winner of a disputed presidential election, securing a seventh straight term, according to the country’s electoral body.Belarus’ incumbent President Alexander Lukashenko has won the presidential election. Preliminary data from the Central Election Commission shows that Lukashenko received 86.82 per cent of the vote.According to the law, Belarus’ president is chosen through direct elections, and a candidate receiving more than 50 per cent of the vote is declared elected. The president is elected for five-year terms.

 

5. 26 January 2025 – World Leprosy Day: World Leprosy Day is observed every year on the last Sunday of January. In 2025, the World Leprosy Day is on 26 January.This international day is an opportunity to celebrate people who have experienced leprosy, raise awareness of the disease, and call for an end to leprosy-related stigma and discrimination.Theme 2025 – Unite. Act. Eliminate

 

6. Red Cross Raises Alarm Over Ebola Risks in Goma: The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has expressed serious concerns regarding the potential escape of Ebola samples from a laboratory in Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo. Ongoing fighting in the city has raised fears of power cuts that could compromise the integrity of these samples. The ICRC urges immediate action to protect these pathogens, warning of catastrophic consequences if they were to spread. Ebola outbreaks are rare but have occurred regularly since the virus was identified. The largest outbreak occurred between 2014 and 2016, resulting in over 28,000 cases and 11,000 deaths. Ebola persists in infected animals and can occasionally spread to humans even between outbreaks.

 

7. Resumption of Kailash Mansarovar Yatra: India and China have recently agreed to resume the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra, marking moment in bilateral relations. This decision follows Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri’s visit to Beijing and comes after months of negotiations to resolve military tensions at the Line of Actual Control. The yatra, which was halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent geopolitical tensions, is now set to recommence under existing agreements. Many believe that completing the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra leads to Moksha or liberation. The pilgrimage includes the Kailash Kora, a circumambulation of the mountain, which takes several days. The mountain’s mysteries, including its unique shape and sounds, have intrigued scientists and spiritual seekers alike.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. India’s Role in United Nations Peacekeeping Missions: India has a long-standing commitment to United Nations peacekeeping missions. This commitment is brought into light by recent events in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Following the tragic deaths of peacekeepers, UN officials expressed gratitude for India’s contributions. India has deployed number of troops and police personnel to various missions, showcasing its dedication to global peace. UN peacekeeping involves activities aimed at maintaining or restoring international peace.Established in 1948, it operates under principles of consent, impartiality, and non-use of force except for self-defence.

Today, approximately 100,000 personnel from 125 countries are engaged in active missions worldwide.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. India’s Jyothi Yarraji wins gold medal in women’s 60m indoor hurdles in France: In Athletics, India’s Jyothi Yarraji broke her own national record and won the gold medal in the women’s 60m indoor hurdles at the Meeting de Nantes Métropole 2025 in France.Jyothi Yarraji, who already holds the national record in women’s 100m hurdles, clocked 8.04 seconds to win the final A at the Pierre-Quinon Metropolitan Stadium.At the 2023 Asian Games, Jyothi won the silver medal in the 100m hurdles, clocking 12.91 seconds. Last year, she made her Olympic debut in Paris, where she finished fourth in the women’s 100m hurdles repechage heat, failing to qualify for the semi-finals.

 

2. PM Modi inaugurates the 38th National Games in Dehradun: Prime Minister Narendra Modi has inaugurated the 38th National Games in Dehradun, Uttarakhand.The 38th National Games is being hosted in Dehradun, Uttarakhand during its Silver Jubilee year and will be held in 11 cities across 8 districts of Uttarakhand from 28th January to 14th February.36 states and one union territory will participate in the National Games. Over 17 days, competitions for 35 sports disciplines will be held. Among these, medals will be awarded for 33 sports, while two will be exhibition sports. Yoga and Mallakhamb have been included in the National Games for the first time. More than 10,000 athletes from across the country will participate in the event.With a focus on sustainability, the theme for the National Games this year is “Green Games.”

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. WHO Guidelines on K-Salts: Recent health guidelines from the World Health Organisation (WHO) suggest that switching from traditional table salt to potassium-based salts, known as K-salts, could aid in managing blood pressure and reducing heart disease risks. This recommendation is particularly relevant in countries like India, where hypertension is public health concern. Several challenges hinder the adoption of K-salts. Many consumers have developed a taste preference for high-sodium foods, leading to increased consumption of salty snacks and beverages. Sodium also enhances food shelf-life and moisture retention, making it a popular choice in packaged foods. Consequently, encouraging the switch to K-salts in the food industry may be difficult.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Reserve Bank of India ombudsman resolves 95% of complaints in FY24: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has resolved 95 per cent of complaints received under the Reserve Bank-Integrated Ombudsman Scheme (RB-IOS) between April 1, 2023, and March 31, 2024.According to the annual report of the Ombudsman Scheme for this period, a total of 9,34,355 complaints were lodged under RB-IOS. These complaints were handled by the Offices of the RBI Ombudsman (ORBIOs) and the Centralised Receipt and Processing Centre (CRPC).The RBI’s Integrated Ombudsman Scheme recorded a 32.81 per cent increase in complaints from banking customers during the financial year ending March 2024. As per the report, 57.07 per cent of maintainable complaints were resolved through mutual settlement, conciliation, or mediation, while 40.78 per cent were dismissed due to the absence of any service deficiency.

 

2. IRDAI imposes ₹1 crore penalty on Royal Sundaram General Insurance: The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has imposed a ₹1 crore penalty on Royal Sundaram General Insurance for violation of norms pertaining to outsourcing of activities.In an inspection, the regulator observed payments in excess of ₹1 crore, made during 2018-19 and 2019-20 to vendors, were not reported in the outsourcing returns filed with the Authority.The insurer also failed to submit the explanation/ information sought by the inspection team during the inspection period.

 

3. Ujjivan SFB board approves filing for universal bank license with RBI: The Board of Directors of Ujjivan Small Finance Bank (SFB) has approved to file an application with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for universal bank license.Apart from Ujjivan SFB, AU SFB has already applied for an universal bank license with the RBI. Jana SFB too is expected to follow suit in the current calendar year.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Hariman Sharma selected for Padma Shri revolutionised apple cultivation: Hariman Sharma, a visionary farmer from Himachal Pradesh, has been honored with Padma Shri, one of the highest Civilian Award for his transformative contribution to Indian agriculture.He developed an innovative, self- pollinating, low chilling apple variety called HRMN – 99, that has revolutionized the apple cultivation landscape in the country and brought a juicy nutritive variety more within reach in terms of geography and affordability.Unlike commercial apple varieties that require temperate climates and extended chilling hours, HRMN-99 thrives in tropical, sub-tropical, and plain regions with summer temperatures reaching 40-45°C, enabling apple farming in areas where it was previously considered unviable.

 

2. Wing Commander Akshay Saxena Receives Vayu Sena Medal: Wing Commander Akshay Saxena has been awarded the Vayu Sena Medal (Gallantry) for his exceptional contributions during anti-piracy operations in the Arabian Sea. This recognition marks the increasing threats posed by piracy in international waters, particularly from Houthi rebels targeting merchant vessels. The operation, conducted on 16 March last year, was part of the Indian Navy’s Operation Sankalp, aimed at ensuring maritime security in the region. The operation puts stress on the importance of inter-service coordination in modern military operations. It demonstrates the Indian Armed Forces’ capability to respond swiftly to maritime threats. The successful execution of this mission also reflects the strategic importance of the Arabian Sea for trade and security.

 

Daily GK Update- 28th Jan, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

Kerala CM Vijayan launches disaster risk warning system KaWaCHaM: Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan has inaugurated India’s first fully integrated disaster warning system KaWaCHaM (Kerala Warnings, a Crisis and Hazard Management System).The KaWaCHaM system has been developed under the National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project.The KaWaCHaM system is considered one of the fastest weather alert systems in the world which will enhance rescue and rehabilitation efforts during extreme weather events driven by climate change.The KaWaCHaM system has been developed by the Kerala State Disaster Management Authority (KSDMA) with funding support from the National Disaster Management Authority, the government of India, and the World Bank. It is a part of the National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project.

 

NITI Aayog launches the “Fiscal Health Index 2025” in New Delhi: NITI Aayog has unveiled the inaugural edition of the Fiscal Health Index (FHI) 2025 in New Delhi, aiming to assess and improve the fiscal health of Indian states.The report was launched by Dr. Arvind Panagariya, Chairman of the 16th Finance Commission, in the presence of senior dignitaries, including NITI Aayog Vice Chairman Suman Bery, CEO BVR Subrahmanyam, and member Dr. Arvind Virmani.

 

The FHI report evaluates 18 major states based on five critical sub-indices: Quality of Expenditure, Revenue Mobilisation, Fiscal Prudence, Debt Index, and Debt Sustainability.Odisha emerged as the top performer with a score of 67.8, followed by Chhattisgarh (55.2) and Goa (53.6). The rankings highlight interstate disparities, with achiever states excelling in fiscal discipline, while states like Karnataka face challenges in expenditure management and debt sustainability.

 

Government set a target of 10,000 GI Tag by 2030: The Government of India has set a target of 10,000 Geographical Indication (GI) tags for the Indian products by 2030. According to the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) 605 Indian products have been issued GI tags till date.The new target for the GI tag was announced by the Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal at the GI Samagam held in New Delhi.Darjeeling tea was the first product to be given a GI in 2003. The geographical indication registration is valid for 10 years. It can be renewed from time to time for 10 years each.

 

25 January – National Tourism Day: National Tourism Day is celebrated annually on January 25 to highlight the importance of tourism in India and promote its potential as a key driver of the country’s economy.The day aims to encourage tourism in India, raise awareness about the diverse culture, heritage, and natural beauty of the country, and promote responsible and sustainable tourism practices.Theme 2025 – Tourism for Inclusive Growth

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. 24 January – International Day of Education: International Day of Education is celebrated on January 24 each year to recognize the pivotal role of education in achieving global peace, development, and human rights.The day aims to raise awareness about the global need for quality education, especially in underserved regions, and to advocate for inclusive and equitable education for allTheme 2024 – AI and education: Preserving human agency in a world of automation It is proclaimed by the United Nations in 2018, this day highlights the importance of education for sustainable development and its role in empowering individuals and communities.

 

2. 27 January – International Day of Commemoration in memory of the victims of the Holocaust: Every year on 27 January, the international community comes together to commemorate the International Holocaust Remembrance Day. This Day was chosen by the United Nations General Assembly to mark the liberation of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp in 1945.The United Nations Office at Geneva and its partners will mark the International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust (27 January) reflecting the theme of this year’s commemoration: “Holocaust Remembrance for Dignity and Human Rights”

 

3. 26 January – International Customs Day: International Customs Day is observed annually on 26th January to recognize the role of customs officials and agencies in the global trade system.

The day aims to raise awareness about the important role customs plays in global trade, economic development, and security by ensuring the effective implementation of laws and regulations.Theme 2025 – Customs Delivering on its Commitment to Efficiency, Security and ProsperityThe roots of International Customs Day trace back to the formation of the Customs Cooperation Council (CCC), which is now known as the World Customs Organisation (WCO). The CCC was established in 1952 as an intergovernmental body to improve the efficiency of customs administrations around the globe.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. INS Sarvekshak Completes Hydrographic Survey in  Mauritius: The Indian Navy’s INS Sarvekshak has successfully concluded a major hydrographic survey in Mauritius. This survey covered over 25,000 square nautical miles. The formal handover of the survey results took place on January 23, 2025. High Commissioner of India to Mauritius, Anurag Srivastava, presented the fair sheet and nautical charts to President Dharambeer Gokhool. This event marks milestone in India-Mauritius maritime cooperation. INS Sarvekshak is equipped with advanced hydrographic survey tools. These include sonar systems and various survey boats. The ship also houses a helicopter and a Bofors 40 mm gun. Its operational versatility enhances its role in maritime surveys and security.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Sindhu & Lakshya to lead India in Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championship: The Badminton Association of India (BAI) has announced a 14-member India squad for the 4th Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships to be played in Qingdao, China from 11-19 February 2025.The Indian team will be led by two-time Olympic medallist PV Sindhu and Paris Olympics semi-finalist Lakshya Sen, both of whom are among the country’s top badminton stars.The India team won a bronze medal at the 3rd edition of the Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships held in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates in 2023.China is the most successful team in the Championship with two gold medals and one bronze medal. India has won only one medal -bronze at the 2023 edition.

 

2. India Squad for Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships: Men: Lakshya Sen, HS Prannoy, Satwiksairaj Rankireddy, Chirag Shetty, Dhruv Kapila, MR Arjun, Sathish Kumar K Women: PV Sindhu, Malvika Bansod, Gayatri Gopichand, Treesa Jolly, Ashwini Ponnappa, Tanisha Crasto, Adya Variyath.

 

3. Arshdeep Singh named ICC Men’s T20I Cricketer of the Year: The left-arm pacer of India, Arshdeep Singh, was the leading wicket-taker during India’s successful outing in the 2024 ICC T20 World Cup, and he recently became India’s highest wicket-taker in T20 internationals.Rohit Sharma was named the captain of the ICC Men’s T20I Team of the Year 2024 while Arshdeep Singh won the ICC Men’s T20I Cricketer of the Year 2024 award. Arshdeep Singh, along with Jasprit Bumrah, Hardik Pandya and Rohit Sharma, was also named in the ICC Men’s T20I Team of the Year while the ICC Women’s T20I Team of the Year 2024 included Smriti Mandhana, Richa Ghosh and Deepti Sharma.

 

4. Jannik Sinner & Madison Keys wins 2025 Australian Open Singles Titles: Jannik Sinner of Italy and Madison Keys of the United States of America won the men’s and women’s singles titles of the 2025 Australian Open Grand Slam Tennis tournament, respectively.The 2024 Australian Open singles winner, Jannik Sinner successfully defended his Australian Open title. It was the first Australian Open title for Madison Keys.It was the third Grand Slam title for Jannik Sinner and the first Grand Slam title for Madison Keys.The 120th edition of the Australian Open was held from 6-26 January 2025 at Melbourne Park in Melbourne City, Australia.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Silicon Carbide Extraction from Simulated Lunar  Soil: Recently, researchers at IIT Madras have successfully extracted silicon carbide from simulated moon  soil. This achievement has implications for constructing habitats on the moon. Silicon carbide has a wide range of applications. It is used in industrial furnaces, wear-resistant components for pumps, and rocket engines. In electronics, SiC serves as a substrate for light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Its hardness makes it an excellent abrasive, second only to diamond and cubic boron nitride.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Suriaraj takes charge as executive director of Dhanlaxmi Bank: Suriaraj has taken charge as Executive Director of the Dhanlaxmi Bank. He was appointed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as executive director of the Bank for a period of three years.A seasoned banker with 37 years’ experience with the Tamilnad Mercantile Bank Ltd, Mr. Suriaraj has served as the General Manager of various departments, including Integrated treasury, HR, recovery, establishment, planning and resource mobilization, operation and services, inspection and accounts.Suriaraj is a post graduate in Commerce and a Certified Associate of the Indian Institute of Bankers (CAIIB) and he will represent as a whole time director on the Board in accordance with Section 10A(2)(a) of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.

 

2. India’s Forex Reserves Decline: India’s foreign exchange (forex) reserves have experienced fluctuations in recent weeks. As of January 17, 2025, the reserves stood at $623.983 billion, a decrease of $1.88 billion from the previous week. This decline follows a larger drop of $8.714 billion recorded in the week ending January 10. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) attributes these changes to market interventions aimed at stabilising the Indian rupee and adjustments in asset valuations. The decline in reserves marks a shift from the peak of $704.885 billion reached in September 2024. The recent downward trend is concerning for analysts, as it may indicate underlying economic pressures. Continuous monitoring of reserve levels is vital for assessing India’s economic health.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Padma Awards 2025 Announced: On the eve of the 76th Republic Day, as per tradition, the Union Ministry of Home Affairs announced the names of the 2025 Padma awardees.Padma Awards – one of the highest civilian Awards of the country, are conferred in three categories, namely, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri.The awards are given in various disciplines/ fields of activity, viz.- art, social work, public affairs, science and engineering, trade and industry, medicine, literature and education, sports, civil service, etc. ‘Padma Vibhushan’ is awarded for exceptional and distinguished service; ‘Padma Bhushan’ for distinguished service of high order and ‘Padma Shri’ for distinguished service in any field.

 

Daily GK Update- 27th Jan, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Signing of DPIIT MoU with Bhaane Group to promote startup ecosystem in manufacturing sector: Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) has signed a MoU with the Bhaane Group, a subsidiary of Shahi Exports Pvt Ltd, the largest manufacturer of apparel.This collaboration will launch incubation programs for startups specialising in manufacturing, along with other production areas and foster relationships with international startup ecosystems.The private firm will support upcoming startups by providing access to market insights. The firm will facilitate them to create a holistic understanding of the workings of foreign markets, along with guidance on operational knowledge throughout the startup lifecycle.This collaboration serves a greater good – to nurture a thriving entrepreneurial spirit and strengthen India’s manufacturing landscape.

 

2. Unused Cess Funds for Construction Workers in India: The issue of unutilised cess funds for construction workers has gained attention following a Right to Information (RTI) response from the Union Labour Ministry. The response revealed that welfare boards across various states have failed to allocate amount of cess collected from employers, amounting to ₹70,744.16 crore. This situation raises concerns regarding the welfare of millions of construction workers in India. The utilisation of cess funds has been alarmingly low. For example, Maharashtra has collected ₹19,489.25 crore in cess over 19 years but has allocated only ₹13,683.18 crore. This discrepancy suggests possible cess evasion by builders and employers. The lack of accurate data on construction projects further complicates the situation.

 

3. Study on Effectiveness of New MGNREGS Wage  Payment System: The Aadhaar-Based Payment System (ABPS) has been a focal point of discussion in India since its mandatory implementation for wage payments under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) from January 1, 2024. This system aims to enhance efficiency and transparency in wage disbursement. However, recent studies have raised concerns about its effectiveness compared to traditional bank account methods. A study published in the Indian Journal of Labour Economics analysed over 3 crore MGNREGA transactions. It found no difference in timely wage payments between ABPS and traditional bank methods. About 39% of ABPS payments were processed within seven days, compared to 36% for bank accounts. Payment rejection rates were also similar, with 2.1% for ABPS and 2.85% for traditional accounts.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Increasing Frequency of Multi-Year Droughts Worldwide: Multi-year droughts (MYDs) are increasingly common and severe, as brought into light by a recent 40-year study. The research indicates that these droughts have expanded globally, impacting ecosystems and water supplies. This trend is linked to climate change, which exacerbates drought conditions. The study, conducted by a consortium of researchers from various institutions, analysed data from 1980 to 2018. The research showed that the global land area affected by MYDs has increased by approximately 50,000 square kilometres annually. The most affected regions include temperate grasslands. The study identified the ten most severe MYDs across various continents, with notable occurrences in central Chile, the western United States, and parts of Australia.

 

2. US Immigration Policy and Indian Deportations in 2025: Recently, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio discussed irregular immigration with Indian External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar. This meeting brought into light the ongoing issue of undocumented Indian immigrants in the US. As of late 2024, there were over 20,000 undocumented Indians facing deportation. This article explores the deportation process, appeals, costs, and the increasing trend of deportations of Indian nationals. Non-citizens facing deportation may appeal if they express a fear of persecution or wish to apply for asylum. Asylum provides a legal foothold in the US. If a credible fear is established, the individual enters formal removal proceedings, allowing for a more thorough review.

 

3. Cyanobacteria Research in Lake Victoria’s  Winam Gulf: Recent research has focused on the genetic survey of cyanobacteria in the Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya. This study, published in January 2025, is crucial for understanding harmful algal blooms (cyanoHAB) in freshwater ecosystems. The findings are expected to aid local authorities in tracking these blooms and provide insights applicable to other regions like Lake Erie in the United States. Metagenomic analysis showed that cyanobacteria in the Winam Gulf employ various survival strategies. They utilise biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) to adapt to changing environmental conditions. The diversity of these BGCs in the Gulf is comparable to those found in western Lake Erie, indicating similar adaptive mechanisms.

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. INS Sarvekshak Completes Hydrographic Survey in Mauritius: The Indian Navy’s INS Sarvekshak has successfully concluded a major hydrographic survey in Mauritius. This survey covered over 25,000 square nautical miles. The formal handover of the survey results took place on January 23, 2025. High Commissioner of India to Mauritius, Anurag Srivastava, presented the fair sheet and nautical charts to President Dharambeer Gokhool. This event marks milestone in India-Mauritius maritime cooperation. INS Sarvekshak is equipped with advanced hydrographic survey tools. These include sonar systems and various survey boats. The ship also houses a helicopter and a Bofors 40 mm gun. Its operational versatility enhances its role in maritime surveys and security.

 

2. SANJAY Battlefield Surveillance System: The SANJAY system was recently launched by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh on January 24, 2025. This Battlefield Surveillance System (BSS) is designed to enhance the operational capabilities of the Indian Army. It integrates ground and aerial battlefield sensors to create a comprehensive surveillance picture. This innovation marks advancement in military technology. The induction of SANJAY into the Indian Army will occur in three phases from March to October 2025. It will be deployed across all operational brigades, divisions, and corps. This timeline has been designated as the ‘Year of Reforms’ by the Ministry of Defence. Effective surveillance is crucial for understanding terrain, infrastructure, and troop placements. SANJAY provides a unified platform for data collection and analysis, facilitating rapid response to threats. It transforms how commanders engage with both conventional and sub-conventional operations.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Microplastics Impact Brain Function and Blood Circulation: Recent studies have revealed alarming vital information about the effects of microplastics on brain function. Research published in *Science Advances* indicates that microplastics may obstruct blood circulation, leading to impaired cognitive abilities. These findings stem from experiments conducted on mice, denoting the urgent need to understand the implications for human health. The study used advanced imaging techniques to observe microplastics in the mouse brain. Researchers tracked the movement of these particles in real-time. They found microplastics lodged in the blood vessels of the cerebral cortex, which is crucial for cognitive functions. Immune cells were seen engulfing the microplastics, causing blood vessel obstruction and impairing blood flow.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Kotak Mahindra Bank acquires StanChart’s Rs 3,330-cr personal loan portfolio: Kotak Mahindra Bank (KMB) has concluded a deal to purchase a personal loan portfolio of Rs 3,330 crore from Standard Chartered Bank, less than Rs 4,100 crore indicated at time of deal announcement in October 2024 as many customers paid-off loans in between.The personal loans are part of unsecured retail advances. The unsecured retail loans including retail microcredit had 10.5 per cent share in net advances of KMB at end of December 2024.

 

2. IDFC FIRST Bank Launches all new FIRST EARN RuPay Credit Card: IDFC FIRST Bank, in partnership with RuPay, a global card payment network from India, has launched the UPI enabled RuPay Credit Card called – FIRST EARN .This credit card is backed by Fixed Deposit and hence everyone is eligible to instantly avail this unique credit card, online. It also offers cashback on UPI payments thus making the product rewarding for users.This UPI-enabled virtual credit card is designed to make transactions both convenient and highly rewarding for cardholders.

 

3. Tata AIA Life Insurance launches ‘Shubh Muhurat’ to meet wedding expenses: Tata AIA Life Insurance has launched ‘Shubh Muhurat,’ a life insurance solution designed to help families prepare financially for weddings, a major life milestone in India.The plan aims to address the rising costs of weddings by combining disciplined savings, wealth creation, and financial security.

India’s wedding industry, the second largest globally, hosted over 80 lakh weddings in 2024, with expenditures exceeding ₹10.7 lakh crore, according to a report by Jefferies. The average wedding cost of ₹12.5 lakh often surpasses expenses on education.Recognising this financial burden, Tata AIA’s new offering targets parents aged 31-50 years with children between 1-20 years, encouraging long-term financial planning.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Recent Award: 

· Gates-Cambridge Impact Prize 2025 – Prof Urbasi Sinha

· Singapore’ Honorary Citizen Award – Tarun Das (Former DG of Confederation of Indian Industry)

· 14th PSE Excellence Awards by ICC – Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA)

· Sri Chandrasekarendra Saraswathi’ award for leadership – External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar

· Bhutan’s royal honour – Renowned Indian educationist Arun Kapur

 

 

Daily GK Update- 26th Jan, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

Unused Cess Funds for Construction Workers in India: The issue of unutilised cess funds for construction workers has gained attention following a Right to Information (RTI) response from the Union Labour Ministry. The response revealed that welfare boards across various states have failed to allocate amount of cess collected from employers, amounting to ₹70,744.16 crore. This situation raises concerns regarding the welfare of millions of construction workers in India. The utilisation of cess funds has been alarmingly low. For example, Maharashtra has collected ₹19,489.25 crore in cess over 19 years but has allocated only ₹13,683.18 crore. This discrepancy suggests possible cess evasion by builders and employers. The lack of accurate data on construction projects further complicates the situation.

 

Forest Fires in India: Forest fires in India have reached alarming levels. Recent data reveals that over five fire seasons, the country faced more than 1.1 million incidents. The period from November to June sees a surge in these fires, impacting ecosystems, wildlife, and local communities. As global attention shifts to wildfires in places like Los Angeles, India grapples with its own silent crisis. Several factors contribute to the increasing frequency of forest fires. Unsustainable exploitation of resources and rising human activities are threats. The collection of tendu leaves and mahua flowers in central and eastern India is a major cause. Shifting cultivation practices also affect around 4.35 million hectares of forest land. While fire can play a natural role in forest regeneration, the negative consequences often overshadow these benefits.

 

India Faces Water Storage Decline: Recent reports indicate decline in water storage across major reservoirs in India. The Central Water Commission (CWC) has brought into light that water levels have decreased for the twelfth consecutive week. This decline is attributed to deficient post-monsoon and winter rainfall affecting a large portion of the country. Current data shows that the total storage in 155 major reservoirs has fallen to 66 per cent of their total capacity. This situation raises concerns about water availability for various sectors. As of now, the water storage in the major reservoirs stands at 119.505 billion cubic metres (BCM) out of a total capacity of 180.852 BCM. This figure is higher than last year’s storage levels and the average of the past decade. However, the ongoing deficiency in rainfall poses a serious threat to future water supply.

 

Madhya Pradesh Enforces Liquor Ban in Religious Towns: Madhya Pradesh has recently taken step towards prohibition by banning liquor sales in 17 religious towns. This decision, announced by Chief Minister Mohan Yadav, coincides with the 300th birth anniversary of the revered Maratha ruler Devi Ahilyabai Holkar. The towns affected include Ujjain, Orchha, and Maheshwar, among others. This move aims to address long-standing concerns regarding alcohol consumption in holy areas while navigating the complex socio-economic landscape of the state. Madhya Pradesh is home to traditional brewing practices, particularly among tribal communities. Many view prohibition as an infringement on their cultural identity and livelihood. This resistance poses a challenge to the state’s efforts to enforce a blanket ban on alcohol sales. Political leaders must balance the cultural significance of local practices with the objectives of public health and safety.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

Increasing Frequency of Multi-Year Droughts Worldwide: Multi-year droughts (MYDs) are increasingly common and severe, as brought into light by a recent 40-year study. The research indicates that these droughts have expanded globally, impacting ecosystems and water supplies. This trend is linked to climate change, which exacerbates drought conditions. The study, conducted by a consortium of researchers from various institutions, analysed data from 1980 to 2018. The research showed that the global land area affected by MYDs has increased by approximately 50,000 square kilometres annually. The most affected regions include temperate grasslands. The study identified the ten most severe MYDs across various continents, with notable occurrences in central Chile, the western United States, and parts of Australia.

 

UNICEF Report on Climate-Related School Disruptions: Recently, the United Nations Children’s Agency, UNICEF, released report titled “Learning Interrupted – Global Snapshot of Climate-Related School Disruptions in 2024.” This report marks that at least 242 million students globally faced disruptions in their  education due to climate events throughout 2024. This figure is considered conservative due to data limitations. The report spans 85 countries and identifies 119 distinct climate hazards that led to these disruptions. UNICEF’s report stresses that children are particularly vulnerable to weather-related crises. Approximately one billion children live in countries facing extremely high risks from climate and environmental shocks. The report puts stress on the urgent need for action to protect children’s education from the escalating impacts of climate change.

 

Tamil Nadu’s Iron Age Discovery Reshapes Global Metallurgical History: Recent archaeological findings have reshaped our understanding of the Iron Age in India. A new study indicates that iron technology in Tamil Nadu dates back to the early 4th millennium BCE. This discovery challenges previous beliefs that placed the onset of the Iron Age in India between 1500 and 2000 BCE. Traditionally, the origins of iron technology have been attributed to the Hittite Empire around 1300 BCE. The Tamil Nadu findings challenge this notion, indicating that advanced iron smelting occurred much earlier in South India. Experts believe this could lead to a reassessment of other archaeological sites, including those from the Harappan civilization.

 

 

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

INS Sarvekshak Completes Hydrographic Survey in Mauritius: The Indian Navy’s INS Sarvekshak has successfully concluded a major hydrographic survey in Mauritius. This survey covered over 25,000 square nautical miles. The formal handover of the survey results took place on January 23, 2025. High Commissioner of India to Mauritius, Anurag Srivastava, presented the fair sheet and nautical charts to President Dharambeer Gokhool. This event marks milestone in India-Mauritius maritime cooperation. INS Sarvekshak is equipped with advanced hydrographic survey tools. These include sonar systems and various survey boats. The ship also houses a helicopter and a Bofors 40 mm gun. Its operational versatility enhances its role in maritime surveys and security.

 

SANJAY Battlefield Surveillance System: The SANJAY system was recently launched by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh on January 24, 2025. This Battlefield Surveillance System (BSS) is designed to enhance the operational capabilities of the Indian Army. It integrates ground and aerial battlefield sensors to create a comprehensive surveillance picture. This innovation marks advancement in military technology. Effective surveillance is crucial for understanding terrain, infrastructure, and troop placements. SANJAY provides a unified platform for data collection and analysis, facilitating rapid response to threats. It transforms how commanders engage with both conventional and sub-conventional operations.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

Microplastics Impact Brain Function and Blood Circulation: Recent studies have revealed alarming vital information about the effects of microplastics on brain function. Research published in *Science Advances* indicates that microplastics may obstruct blood circulation, leading to impaired cognitive abilities. These findings stem from experiments conducted on mice, denoting the urgent need to understand the implications for human health. The study used advanced imaging techniques to observe microplastics in the mouse brain. Researchers tracked the movement of these particles in real-time. They found microplastics lodged in the blood vessels of the cerebral cortex, which is crucial for cognitive functions. Immune cells were seen engulfing the microplastics, causing blood vessel obstruction and impairing blood flow.

 

ISRO’s 100th Launch: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to mark milestone with its 100th launch. Scheduled for January 29, 2025, the GSLV-F15 mission will deploy the NVS-02 satellite from the  Satish Dhawan Space Centre. This mission enhances India’s Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC), an independent regional navigation satellite system. The initial IRNSS satellites faced issues, including malfunctioning atomic clocks. These challenges necessitated replacements before the end of their operational life. The new generation of satellites aims to address these issues. They are designed for a longer lifespan of 12 years. Despite criticisms regarding underutilisation of NavIC services, recent advancements have been made. The development of user receivers has progressed since 2017. New mobile devices are now capable of receiving NavIC signals, expanding its practical applications.

 

India To Launch First Human Underwater Submersible: Recently, India announced the launch of its first human underwater submersible by the end of 2025. This initiative aims to enhance the blue economy and is aligned with the country’s broader goals in space exploration, particularly the Gaganyaan mission. The submersible will initially operate at depths of up to 500 metres, with plans to reach 6,000 metres by the following year. While the mission faced delays due to the pandemic, there is optimism about its progress. The initiative reflects India’s determination and innovative spirit, positioning the nation as a leader in scientific exploration.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

Unified Lending Interface (ULI) Pilot: The Unified Lending Interface (ULI) was launched by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to streamline the lending process. Since its pilot inception in August 2023, ULI has facilitated the disbursement of ₹38,000 crore across 7.5 lakh loans. This platform aims to revolutionise credit delivery by connecting lenders with diverse data sources through a single interface. India’s embrace of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) facilitates transparency and efficiency across various sectors. ULI is important component of this infrastructure, aiming to break down data silos that hinder effective credit delivery. By integrating diverse data sources, ULI enhances the overall digital ecosystem for financial transactions.

 

 

Daily GK Update- 25th Jan, 2025

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

Unused Cess Funds for Construction Workers in India: The issue of unutilised cess funds for construction workers has gained attention following a Right to Information (RTI) response from the Union Labour Ministry. The response revealed that welfare boards across various states have failed to allocate amount of cess collected from employers, amounting to ₹70,744.16 crore. This situation raises concerns regarding the welfare of millions of construction workers in India. The utilisation of cess funds has been alarmingly low. For example, Maharashtra has collected ₹19,489.25 crore in cess over 19 years but has allocated only ₹13,683.18 crore. This discrepancy suggests possible cess evasion by builders and employers. The lack of accurate data on construction projects further complicates the situation.

 

Forest Fires in India: Forest fires in India have reached alarming levels. Recent data reveals that over five fire seasons, the country faced more than 1.1 million incidents. The period from November to June sees a surge in these fires, impacting ecosystems, wildlife, and local communities. As global attention shifts to wildfires in places like Los Angeles, India grapples with its own silent crisis. Several factors contribute to the increasing frequency of forest fires. Unsustainable exploitation of resources and rising human activities are threats. The collection of tendu leaves and mahua flowers in central and eastern India is a major cause. Shifting cultivation practices also affect around 4.35 million hectares of forest land. While fire can play a natural role in forest regeneration, the negative consequences often overshadow these benefits.

 

India Faces Water Storage Decline: Recent reports indicate decline in water storage across major reservoirs in India. The Central Water Commission (CWC) has brought into light that water levels have decreased for the twelfth consecutive week. This decline is attributed to deficient post-monsoon and winter rainfall affecting a large portion of the country. Current data shows that the total storage in 155 major reservoirs has fallen to 66 per cent of their total capacity. This situation raises concerns about water availability for various sectors. As of now, the water storage in the major reservoirs stands at 119.505 billion cubic metres (BCM) out of a total capacity of 180.852 BCM. This figure is higher than last year’s storage levels and the average of the past decade. However, the ongoing deficiency in rainfall poses a serious threat to future water supply.

 

Madhya Pradesh Enforces Liquor Ban in Religious Towns: Madhya Pradesh has recently taken step towards prohibition by banning liquor sales in 17 religious towns. This decision, announced by Chief Minister Mohan Yadav, coincides with the 300th birth anniversary of the revered Maratha ruler Devi Ahilyabai Holkar. The towns affected include Ujjain, Orchha, and Maheshwar, among others. This move aims to address long-standing concerns regarding alcohol consumption in holy areas while navigating the complex socio-economic landscape of the state. Madhya Pradesh is home to traditional brewing practices, particularly among tribal communities. Many view prohibition as an infringement on their cultural identity and livelihood. This resistance poses a challenge to the state’s efforts to enforce a blanket ban on alcohol sales. Political leaders must balance the cultural significance of local practices with the objectives of public health and safety.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

Increasing Frequency of Multi-Year Droughts Worldwide: Multi-year droughts (MYDs) are increasingly common and severe, as brought into light by a recent 40-year study. The research indicates that these droughts have expanded globally, impacting ecosystems and water supplies. This trend is linked to climate change, which exacerbates drought conditions. The study, conducted by a consortium of researchers from various institutions, analysed data from 1980 to 2018. The research showed that the global land area affected by MYDs has increased by approximately 50,000 square kilometres annually. The most affected regions include temperate grasslands. The study identified the ten most severe MYDs across various continents, with notable occurrences in central Chile, the western United States, and parts of Australia.

 

UNICEF Report on Climate-Related School Disruptions: Recently, the United Nations Children’s Agency, UNICEF, released report titled “Learning Interrupted – Global Snapshot of Climate-Related School Disruptions in 2024.” This report marks that at least 242 million students globally faced disruptions in their  education due to climate events throughout 2024. This figure is considered conservative due to data limitations. The report spans 85 countries and identifies 119 distinct climate hazards that led to these disruptions. UNICEF’s report stresses that children are particularly vulnerable to weather-related crises. Approximately one billion children live in countries facing extremely high risks from climate and environmental shocks. The report puts stress on the urgent need for action to protect children’s education from the escalating impacts of climate change.

 

Tamil Nadu’s Iron Age Discovery Reshapes Global Metallurgical History: Recent archaeological findings have reshaped our understanding of the Iron Age in India. A new study indicates that iron technology in Tamil Nadu dates back to the early 4th millennium BCE. This discovery challenges previous beliefs that placed the onset of the Iron Age in India between 1500 and 2000 BCE. Traditionally, the origins of iron technology have been attributed to the Hittite Empire around 1300 BCE. The Tamil Nadu findings challenge this notion, indicating that advanced iron smelting occurred much earlier in South India. Experts believe this could lead to a reassessment of other archaeological sites, including those from the Harappan civilization.

 

 

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

INS Sarvekshak Completes Hydrographic Survey in Mauritius: The Indian Navy’s INS Sarvekshak has successfully concluded a major hydrographic survey in Mauritius. This survey covered over 25,000 square nautical miles. The formal handover of the survey results took place on January 23, 2025. High Commissioner of India to Mauritius, Anurag Srivastava, presented the fair sheet and nautical charts to President Dharambeer Gokhool. This event marks milestone in India-Mauritius maritime cooperation. INS Sarvekshak is equipped with advanced hydrographic survey tools. These include sonar systems and various survey boats. The ship also houses a helicopter and a Bofors 40 mm gun. Its operational versatility enhances its role in maritime surveys and security.

 

SANJAY Battlefield Surveillance System: The SANJAY system was recently launched by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh on January 24, 2025. This Battlefield Surveillance System (BSS) is designed to enhance the operational capabilities of the Indian Army. It integrates ground and aerial battlefield sensors to create a comprehensive surveillance picture. This innovation marks advancement in military technology. Effective surveillance is crucial for understanding terrain, infrastructure, and troop placements. SANJAY provides a unified platform for data collection and analysis, facilitating rapid response to threats. It transforms how commanders engage with both conventional and sub-conventional operations.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

Microplastics Impact Brain Function and Blood Circulation: Recent studies have revealed alarming vital information about the effects of microplastics on brain function. Research published in *Science Advances* indicates that microplastics may obstruct blood circulation, leading to impaired cognitive abilities. These findings stem from experiments conducted on mice, denoting the urgent need to understand the implications for human health. The study used advanced imaging techniques to observe microplastics in the mouse brain. Researchers tracked the movement of these particles in real-time. They found microplastics lodged in the blood vessels of the cerebral cortex, which is crucial for cognitive functions. Immune cells were seen engulfing the microplastics, causing blood vessel obstruction and impairing blood flow.

 

ISRO’s 100th Launch: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to mark milestone with its 100th launch. Scheduled for January 29, 2025, the GSLV-F15 mission will deploy the NVS-02 satellite from the  Satish Dhawan Space Centre. This mission enhances India’s Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC), an independent regional navigation satellite system. The initial IRNSS satellites faced issues, including malfunctioning atomic clocks. These challenges necessitated replacements before the end of their operational life. The new generation of satellites aims to address these issues. They are designed for a longer lifespan of 12 years. Despite criticisms regarding underutilisation of NavIC services, recent advancements have been made. The development of user receivers has progressed since 2017. New mobile devices are now capable of receiving NavIC signals, expanding its practical applications.

 

India To Launch First Human Underwater Submersible: Recently, India announced the launch of its first human underwater submersible by the end of 2025. This initiative aims to enhance the blue economy and is aligned with the country’s broader goals in space exploration, particularly the Gaganyaan mission. The submersible will initially operate at depths of up to 500 metres, with plans to reach 6,000 metres by the following year. While the mission faced delays due to the pandemic, there is optimism about its progress. The initiative reflects India’s determination and innovative spirit, positioning the nation as a leader in scientific exploration.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

Unified Lending Interface (ULI) Pilot: The Unified Lending Interface (ULI) was launched by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to streamline the lending process. Since its pilot inception in August 2023, ULI has facilitated the disbursement of ₹38,000 crore across 7.5 lakh loans. This platform aims to revolutionise credit delivery by connecting lenders with diverse data sources through a single interface. India’s embrace of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) facilitates transparency and efficiency across various sectors. ULI is important component of this infrastructure, aiming to break down data silos that hinder effective credit delivery. By integrating diverse data sources, ULI enhances the overall digital ecosystem for financial transactions.