Daily GK Update- 9th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal Launches Digital Portal for National Waterways: Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal has launched a dedicated digital portal developed by Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) to streamline private investment in infrastructure development on National Waterways, promoting Ease of Doing Business (EODB).The National Waterways (Construction of Jetties/Terminals) Regulations, 2025 allows private entities to develop or operate terminals with a No Objection Certificate (NoC) from IWAI, covering both new and existing, permanent and temporary terminals.The first digital NoC was issued to Marina India Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. for a jetty at Malim, Goa (National Waterway-68), marking a milestone in digital governance and private sector engagement.The initiative aims to unlock sustainable infrastructure growth, with cargo movement rising from 18 to 133 million tonnes in FY 2023–24, reinforcing the sector as a key driver of economic growth under the “Viksit Bharat” vision.

 

2. Government of India Procures 100 Lakh Bales of Cotton Under MSP Operations: The government has procured 100 lakh bales of cotton under MSP operations through its nodal agency. This procurement accounts for 38 percent of the total cotton arrivals of 263 lakh bales and 34 percent of the estimated total cotton production of 294.25 lakh bales in the country.Among the states, Telangana has recorded the highest procurement at 40 lakh bales, followed by Maharashtra with 30 lakh bales and Gujarat with 14 lakh bales.Other states with significant procurement include Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Odisha. Procurement in Haryana, Rajasthan, and Punjab stands at 1.15 lakh bales.The Textiles Ministry said in a statement that in total, 37 thousand 450 crore rupees have been paid to approximately 21 lakh cotton farmers across all cotton-producing states.

 

3. What Is Homeopathy?: Homeopathy is an alternative medical practice based on the principle of “like cures like.” It suggests that substances causing symptoms in healthy individuals can, in minute doses, treat similar symptoms in those who are unwell.Though its roots trace back to ancient Greek medicine, it was in the 19th century that homoeopathy gained widespread recognition across Europe and North America.In India, World Homeopathy Day is observed under the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, to promote awareness and research in the field.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Shortlist Announced for ‘Make the World Wear Khadi’ Challenge Ahead of WAVES Summit 2025: The first World Audio Visual & Entertainment Summit (WAVES) will be hosted by the Government of India in Mumbai, Maharashtra, from May 1 to 4, 2025.WAVES is set to magnify India’s creative strength, amplifying its position as a hub for content creation, intellectual property, and technological innovation.Industries and sectors in focus include Broadcasting, Print Media, Television, Radio, Films, Animation, Visual Effects, Gaming, Comics, Sound and Music, Advertising, Digital Media, Social Media Platforms, Generative AI, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Extended Reality (XR).

 

2. Indian Institute of Management-Ahmedabad to open campus in Dubai: The Indian Institute of Management (IIM)-Ahmedabad and the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT) will open their overseas campus in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates (UAE).The prestigious Indian Institute of Technology -Delhi already has a campus in Abu Dhabi, UAE.This was announced during the visit of Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Crown Prince of Dubai and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence of the UAE, to India.The IIMA Dubai Campus will be developed in two phases. Initially, the institute will operate out of the Dubai International Academic City (DIAC), a leading education hub in the region. The second phase will see the construction of a permanent campus, scheduled to be fully operational by 2029.

 

3. Satish Chavva appointed CEO of Oman India Joint Investment Fund: The Board of Oman India Joint Investment Fund—Management Company, a private equity fund manager promoted by the Oman Investment Authority and the State Bank of India, has appointed Satish Chavva as its Chief Executive Officer.Chavva joins from British International Investment, the UK’s development finance institution, where he held various roles, including heading Direct Private Equity for South Asia.Chavva has a deep association with OIJIF, having previously served as Director of Investments at OIJIF between 2016 and 2022. Prior to that, he was with Citi Group in India and the UK, including in its private equity arm, Citi Venture Capital International for over 9 years.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Naval Base INS Varsha: India is set to enhance its naval capabilities with the commissioning of INS Varsha, a strategic naval base for nuclear submarines in coastal Andhra Pradesh. This initiative aims to counter China’s expanding naval presence in the Indian Ocean Region. The base, located near Rambilli, is designed to provide a secure and advanced facility for India’s nuclear submarines, ensuring operational readiness and stealth.INS Varsha will be operational by 2026. It will feature advanced underground facilities, allowing submarines to enter and exit without detection. This base will accommodate at least ten nuclear submarines, enhancing India’s nuclear deterrence capabilities. The project has faced numerous challenges but is nearing completion after over a decade of construction.

 

 

 

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Virat Kohli Becomes First Indian To Score 13,000 Runs In T20 Cricket: Virat Kohli became the first Indian to complete 13,000 runs in T20 cricket history. He achieved the historic milestone during the clash between Royal Challengers Bengaluru (RCB) and Mumbai Indians (MI) at the iconic Wankhede Stadium.Virat Kohli became the first Indian and only fifth overall cricketer to score 13,000 runs in T20 cricket.Virat Kohli became the first Indian and only fifth overall cricketer to score 13,000 runs in T20 cricket. He achieved it with the 17th run he scored during his innings against MI.The list is led by West Indies legend Chris Gayle with 14562 runs, followed by England batter Alex Hales (13,610), former Pakistan skipper Shoaib Malik (13557) and Keiron Pollard (13537).

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. World’s First 3D-Printed Train Station in Japan: Recently, Japan’s West Japan Railway Company revealed the world’s first 3D-printed train station in Arida town. This innovative project replaced a weathered wooden complex that had been in operation since 1948. The new station, Hatsushima, was constructed swiftly in under six hours, showcasing the potential of 3D printing technology in addressing the challenges faced by Japan’s ageing infrastructure and workforce.The construction of Hatsushima station involved a unique process. A construction firm named Serendix was hired to create the station’s components. The printing of parts took only seven days at a factory in Kumamoto Prefecture. These parts were made from a special mortar designed for durability. Once printed, the components were transported 500 miles to the station site.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. RBI cut repo rate for the second time by 0.25% bps to 6%: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has cut its policy repo rate by 25 basis points (0.25%) to 6%. The RBI MPC reduces the SDF rate to 5.75% and the MSF rate to 6.25%.The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) held its 54th meeting from April 7 to 9, 2025, under the chairmanship of Shri Sanjay Malhotra, Governor, Reserve Bank of India.The MPC members Dr. Nagesh Kumar, Shri Saugata Bhattacharya, Prof. Ram Singh, Dr. Rajiv Ranjan, and Shri M. Rajeshwar Rao attended the meeting.RBI also reduced the growth rate forecast for India’s real gross domestic product (GDP) for the 2025-26 financial year to 6.5 percent from the earlier forecast of 6.7 %.

 

2. BOB launches Square Drive FD with 7.75% interest: Bank of Baroda has introduced a new fixed deposit option called the ‘bob Square Drive Deposit Scheme’.The updated FD interest rates, including the new scheme, came into effect on April 7 and apply to deposits of less than Rs 3 crore. Meanwhile, the bank has also withdrawn its special Utsav Deposit Scheme.The ‘bob Square Drive Deposit Scheme’ offers a tenure of 444 days with an interest rate of 7.15 per cent per annum for the general public. Senior citizens will receive a higher interest rate of 7.65 per cent per annum, while super senior citizens (aged 80 years and above) will earn an even higher rate of 7.75 per cent per annum.

 

Daily GK Update- 8th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Over 13,000 sq km of Forest Land Under Encroachment Across India: Govt Report Reveals: Over 13,000 square kilometres of forest area — more than the total geographical area of Delhi, Sikkim and Goa combined — is under encroachment in 25 states and Union territories that have so far submitted data to the Union environment ministry. Ten states are yet to submit data on forest encroachment.Last year, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) took suo motu cognisance of a PTI report that cited government data showing 7,50,648 hectares (7,506.48 square kilometres) of forest area — more than five times the size of Delhi — was under encroachment.The NGT had directed the ministry in April last year to compile the details of encroachment of forest areas in all states and Union Territories in a prescribed format.In a report submitted to the NGT, the ministry said that as of March 2024, a total of 13,05,668.1 hectares (or 13,056 square kilometres) of forest area was under encroachment in 25 states and Union territories that had provided data.

 

2. CM Himanta launches Assam’s biggest women entrepreneurship support scheme: The Assam Government has launched its biggest women entrepreneurship support scheme, offering `10,000 as seed capital to boost self-employment opportunities for women.The scheme, called ‘Mukhya Mantri Mahila Udyamita Abhiyan,’ was launched by Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma in Behali, Biswanath district, and will be rolled out across the state in phases.Through the new scheme, the government will provide `10,000 as seed capital in the first year, `25,000 (`12,500 as loan and equal amount as government support) in the second year on productive usage of seed capital, and `50,000 in the third stage.

 

3. President Droupadi Murmu signs Waqf (Amendment) bill 2025 into law: President Droupadi Murmu has given her assent to the Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025, which was passed by Parliament during its budget session. The President also gave her assent to the Mussalman Waqf (Repeal) Bill, 2025, which was also passed by Parliament.The Rajya Sabha passed the bill with 128 votes in favor and 95 against, while the Lok Sabha cleared the bill after a lengthy debate, with 288 members voting in favor and 232 opposing it.The Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025, focuses on improving the management of waqf properties, empowering stakeholders relevant to the management of waqf properties, improving the efficiency of the survey, registration, and case disposal process, and developing waqf properties. While the core purpose remains the management of waqf properties, the aim is to implement modern and scientific methods for better governance. The Mussalman Waqf Act of 1923 was also repealed.

 

4. PM Modi inaugurates India’s first vertical-lift sea bridge in Tamil Nadu: Prime Minister Narendra Modi has inaugurated the New Pamban Bridge in Tamil Nadu. This landmark project is India’s first vertical-lift sea bridge, showcasing the nation’s growing engineering and infrastructural capabilities.The 2.07-kilometre-long bridge, spanning the Palk Strait, stands as a testament to India’s engineering prowess and visionary infrastructure development.A demonstration showcased the bridge’s functionality, with visuals capturing key moments. An Indian Coast Guard (ICG) boat successfully navigated under the structure, highlighting its vertical clearance and maritime accessibility. Following the boat’s passage, a train crossed the bridge, demonstrating its structural integrity and operational readiness.The story of the bridge dates back to 1914, when British engineers constructed the original Pamban Bridge—a cantilever structure with a Scherzer rolling lift span—connecting Rameswaram Island to mainland India. The new bridge, sanctioned in 2019, is three metres taller than the original, enhancing sea connectivity and accommodating maritime traffic more efficiently.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Bangladesh assumes Chairmanship of BIMSTEC for next two years: Bangladesh assumed the chairmanship of the regional grouping – Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (Bimstec) – for the next two years.Upon receiving the Chairmanship from the Prime Minister of Thailand, Chief Adviser of the Interim Government of Bangladesh Muhammad Yunus made a statement of acceptance, underscoring an inclusive and action-oriented Bimstec.Yunus reaffirmed Bangladesh’s commitment to advancing regional cooperation and development. The Bimstec comprises seven countries of the Bay of Bengal region – Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand.

 

2. Thomas Cook India taps Kartik Aaryan as brand ambassador for forex business: Thomas Cook India Limited has appointed Bollywood actor Kartik Aaryan as brand ambassador for its foreign exchange business.The strategic move aims to target India’s millennial and Gen Z travellers, who the company identifies as powerful drivers in the country’s outbound travel growth.The partnership begins with a campaign promoting Thomas Cook’s recently launched Borderless Travel Card, a multi-currency prepaid card designed for international travellers.

 

3. 6 April – International Day of Sport for Development and Peace: The International Day of Sport for Development and Peace (IDSDP) is observed every year on 6 April, celebrating the transformative power of sport in fostering positive change, bridging divides, and transcending boundaries.Theme 2025 – Levelling the Playing Field: Sport for Social InclusionIn August 2013, the UN General Assembly decided to proclaim 6 April as the International Day of Sport for Development and Peace, and it has been celebrated each year since 2014.

 

4. 7 April – International Day of Reflection on the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi in Rwanda: The International Day of Reflection on the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi in Rwanda is observed every year on 7 April.This day marks the beginning of one of the darkest chapters in recent history, when in 1994, over 800,000 Tutsi, along with moderate Hutu and others who opposed the genocide, were systematically killed in just 100 days.Proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in 2003, the day serves as a solemn occasion to honor the victims, support the survivors, and reflect on the lessons learned.This annual observance encourages people globally to stand up against hate speech, discrimination, and violence, and to promote values of peace, human rights, and dignity for all.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. All Women’s Tri Service Samudra Pradakshina flagged off from Mumbai: The first tri-service all-women global circumnavigation expedition “Samudra Pradakshina” on board the IASV (Indian Army Sailing Vessel) Triveni was flagged off from Mumbai.The expedition was flagged off by Lieutenant General AK Ramesh, Commandant, College of Military Engineering, from the Indian Naval Watermanship Training Centre, Colaba, Mumbai.The 12 crew members of IASV Triveni have been drawn from the Indian Armed Forces- Indian Army, Indian Navy, and Indian Air Force. All the crew members were given rigorous training at the Army Adventure Nodal Centre for Blue Water Sailing in Marve, Mumbai.The expedition will sail to Seychelles and come back to Mumbai, covering the 4,000 nautical mile journey in 55 days. The expedition is part of the armed forces to promote women’s empowerment or Nari Shakti.Last year, the Indian Navy succesfully launched its all women second Navika Sagar Parikrama expedition to circumnavigate the globe on board the Indian Naval Sailing Vessel Tarini or INSV Tarini. It was manned by two women officers of the India Navy.

 

2. Naval Base INS Varsha: India is set to enhance its naval capabilities with the commissioning of INS Varsha, a strategic naval base for nuclear submarines in coastal Andhra Pradesh. This initiative aims to counter China’s expanding naval presence in the Indian Ocean Region. The base, located near Rambilli, is designed to provide a secure and advanced facility for India’s nuclear submarines, ensuring operational readiness and stealth.INS Varsha will be operational by 2026. It will feature advanced underground facilities, allowing submarines to enter and exit without detection. This base will accommodate at least ten nuclear submarines, enhancing India’s nuclear deterrence capabilities. The project has faced numerous challenges but is nearing completion after over a decade of construction.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Iron Opacity in Sun: Recent studies have revealed vital information about the opacity of iron in the sun. This opacity affects our understanding of stellar physics and the behaviour of stars. Scientists have long debated the discrepancy between observed data and theoretical models regarding elemental abundances in the sun. New research suggests that iron’s opacity may be much higher than previously predicted, which could have deep implications for solar models and our understanding of the universe.Opacity is a measure of how much light a material absorbs. In stars, opacity affects energy transfer and temperature profiles. High opacity means less light escapes, influencing a star’s brightness and heat distribution.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. RBI to issue ₹10, ₹500 notes in new series bearing Gov. Malhotra’s signature: The Reserve Bank of India will issue ₹10 and ₹500 denomination banknotes in Mahatma Gandhi (New) Series bearing the signature of the new RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra.The design of these notes is similar in all respects to ₹10 and ₹500 banknotes in Mahatma Gandhi (New) Series.All banknotes in the denominatio nof ₹10 issued by the Reserve Bank in the past will continue to be legal tender. All banknotes in the denomination of ₹500 in Mahatma Gandhi (New) Series issued by the Reserve Bank in the past will also continue to be legal tender.

 

2. Axis Bank Becomes First to Launch B2B Collections via Bharat Connect: Axis Bank has partnered with a Fortune 500 company to launch India’s first B2B collections solution using NBBL’s Bharat Connect (formerly BBPS), marking a major milestone in digital payment innovation.The solution enables seamless invoice payments across sectors like FMCG, Pharma, Automotives, and Healthcare, integrating multiple ordering apps and simplifying collections for distributors and retailers.Developed using Axis Bank’s advanced Corporate API stack, the platform offers a scalable, customizable, and agile system, supported by NPCI Bharat BillPay Ltd. (NBBL) to streamline supply chain finance operations.

 

3. IDFC FIRST Bank Authorized for Central Government Pension Disbursement: IDFC FIRST Bank has been authorized by the Central Pension Accounting Office (CPAO), Government of India, to disburse pensions to Central Government pensioners, including All India Service Officers, former Members of Parliament, and retired Judges of High Courts and the Supreme Court. ​Pensioners can receive their pensions directly into their IDFC FIRST Bank Savings Account, which offers benefits such as zero fees on various banking services, higher interest rates with monthly credits, and exclusive senior citizen advantages. ​The bank allows pension accounts to be opened jointly with a spouse, ensuring continuity of the family pension in the same account upon the primary pensioner’s demise. ​To initiate pension disbursement through IDFC FIRST Bank, pensioners need to share their bank account details with their employer, who will coordinate with the respective Pay & Accounts Office and CPAO for processing.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. President Droupadi Murmu Honoured with Key to City of Lisbon: President Droupadi Murmu attended the ceremony to deliver the city key of honour. The ceremony is being organized by the Mayor of Lisbon, Carlos Manuel, to present the key of the city in her honour. The Key to the City of Lisbon is the highest honour accorded by the city of Lisbon.She is visiting Portugal at the invitation of President of Portugal, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa. The visit is taking place after a gap of 27 years. The last State Visit took place in 1998 when President K R Narayanan visited Portugal.

 

Daily GK Update- 7th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Parliament passes the Protection of Interest in Aircraft Objects Bill 2025: The Protection of Interest in Aircraft Objects Bill, 2025, passed by both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, marks the second major aviation reform under Civil Aviation Minister Ram Mohan Naidu.The bill aims to align India’s aircraft leasing and financing ecosystem with global standards, providing a critical boost to investor confidence in the country’s rapidly growing aviation market.It builds on the framework of the Cape Town Convention of 2001, which sought to simplify and standardize international leasing agreements. Although India formally adopted this convention in 2008, gaps in legal enforcement led to higher leasing costs—typically 8 to 10 percent higher than in other nations. This legislation aims to address those gaps, ensuring legal certainty for aircraft financiers and reducing costs for Indian carriers.

 

2. Jal Shakti Minister C.R. Patil launches a new website of the Department of Water Resources, RD &GR based: Union Minister of Jal Shakti, R. Patil, launched a new website for the Department of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation (DoWR, RD & GR) in New Delhi.This initiative aligns with the Digital Brand Identity Manual (DBIM) framework, aiming to create a cohesive digital ecosystem across all government departments.Key features of the new website include:Consistent User Experience: The DBIM framework ensures a uniform look and feel across government websites, enhancing user navigation and accessibility.​Enhanced Accessibility: The website complies with the latest Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), making it accessible to all citizens, including those with disabilities.​

 

3. Jal Shakti Minister C.R. Paatil launches Web-based Reservoir Storage Monitoring System (RSMS) Portal: Union Jal Shakti Minister C.R. Patil launched the Web-based Reservoir Storage Monitoring System (RSMS) Portal in New Delhi, which automates the generation of weekly water storage bulletins, replacing the earlier manual system.The portal monitors 161 key reservoirs (total live storage capacity of 182.375 BCM) and provides real-time updates, graphs, tables, and downloadable bulletins. It is accessible to decision-makers and the general public.Bulletins are issued every Thursday and shared with agencies including PMO, NITI Aayog, IMD, MoJS, and various state governments. Advisories are released in case of critical storage situations.Reservoir data support agriculture, power, domestic use, disaster management, and climate resilience, playing a critical role in ensuring water security and planning crop cycles across the country.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Hungary first European country to withdraw from the ICC: The Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban has announced that his country is withdrawing from the International Criminal Court (ICC). Hungary is the first European country to withdraw from the International Criminal Court, which was established in 2002.The decision to withdraw from the ICC was announced by Viktor Orbán in the presence of the visiting Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who is on a four-day official visit to Hungary.The ICC has issued an arrest warrant against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu for his alleged war crimes in Gaza.Hungary, being the founder member of the ICC and a signatory to the 1998 Rome Statute, was under an obligation to arrest Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. With Hungary’s decision to withdraw from the ICC, the country is under no obligation to arrest Benjamin Netanyahu.

 

2. The Ottawa Convention on Anti-Personnel Mines: The Ottawa Convention, also known as the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Treaty, was concluded during a diplomatic conference in Oslo on 18 September 1997. It was opened for signature in Ottawa from 3 to 4 December 1997 and later at the United Nations Headquarters. The treaty came into force on 1 March 1999. Its aim is to eliminate the humanitarian crisis caused by anti-personnel mines, which are designed to detonate when triggered by unsuspecting individuals. Under the Convention, countries were required to destroy their landmine stockpiles within four years. However, compliance has varied. Russia, USA, China, India, and Israel have never signed this treaty.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. India’s Defence Export Protocol: India’s Ministry of External Affairs recently defended its strategic trade practices amid claims of improper arms supply to Russia. This comes in the context of ongoing geopolitical tensions and India’s commitment to international trade regulations. The Ministry asserted that Indian companies adhere strictly to export controls and end-user commitments.In FY 2024-25, defence exports reached ₹23,622 crore, marking a 12.04% growth from the previous year. The government has implemented measures to simplify licensing requirements, facilitating an increase in defence exports. This includes support for both Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) and the emerging private sector.

 

2. Challenges Facing Advanced Light Helicopter Operations: Developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), the ALH has been grounded due to safety concerns following fatal crashes. This situation has raised alarms about the helicopter’s reliability and the implications for military operations.The ALH programme commenced in 1984, with initial design support from Germany. The helicopter first flew in 1992 and achieved military certification in 2002. It was designed for multi-role missions and is classified into several variants, including Mk-I, Mk-II, Mk-III, and Mk-IV. Despite its potential, the ALH has encountered various operational setbacks.

 

 

 

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Re-Entry of POEM-4 Module: To ensure a safe re-entry, ISRO engineers performed engine restarts to de-orbit POEM-4 to a nearly circular orbit at 350 km with a 55.2° inclination. The module was passivated by venting remaining fuel, reducing the risk of accidental break-up during descent.During its operational period, POEM-4 hosted various innovative payloads. Notably, it included India’s first astrobiology experiments developed by students from RV College of Engineering and Amity University. The payloads successfully collected valuable scientific data, contributing to research in space technology and astrobiology.

 

2. Rapid-CRISPR for Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia Diagnosis: Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) is a rare but aggressive form of leukaemia. This blood cancer arises from a genetic mutation involving the fusion of PML and RARA genes. The result is decrease in white blood cells and platelets. This reduction hampers the body’s ability to fight infections and manage bleeding. APL can cause severe internal bleeding, particularly in vital organs. Without prompt treatment, it can lead to death within days. However, early diagnosis and treatment can lead to high cure rates.Researchers at Tata Memorial Hospital have developed a new diagnostic test called RAPID-CRISPR. This test utilises CRISPR technology for rapid and accurate diagnosis. The test can deliver results in under three hours. It is also more cost-effective than traditional tests. Importantly, it does not require complex laboratory setups.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. What is Stagflation?: Stagflation refers to a situation where an economy experiences slow growth, high unemployment, and persistent inflation simultaneously. This combination creates a challenging environment for economic management.The current global economy faces stagflation risks due to supply chain disruptions, rising commodity prices, and geopolitical tensions. Policymakers must navigate these challenges to promote stability and growth.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Recent Award: Uttar Pradesh Anmol Ratan Award – Nikhil SinghalUgadi Award from the Andhra Pradesh government – Historian and archaeologist MyNaa Swamy59th Jnanpith Award – Vinod Kumar Shukla (for Deewar Mein Ek Khirki Rehti Thi)Maharashtra Bhushan Award 2024 – Veteran Sculptor Ram SutarOeko-Tex certification from Germany for Eri silk – North Eastern Handicrafts and Handlooms Development CorporationStockholm Water Prize 2025 – Austrian hydrologist Günter Blöschl (for his groundbreaking contributions to flood risk management and water resource engineering)

 

2. Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana Award
: The Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana is the highest civilian honour awarded by Sri Lanka. It recognises foreign leaders who have encourageed strong ties with the nation. Recently, Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi received this award during his state visit to Sri Lanka.The award consists of a silver medal adorned with nine Sri Lankan gems, known as Navarathna. The design features a globe surrounded by lotus petals. At the centre is a Pun Kalasa, symbolising prosperity. The medal also includes symbols of the Sun and Moon, along with a Dharma Chakra, representing shared Buddhist heritage. It is presented with a 6.5 cm wide ribbon for wearing around the neck.

Daily GK Update- 6th Apr, 2025

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Parliament passes the Protection of Interest in Aircraft Objects Bill 2025: The Protection of Interest in Aircraft Objects Bill, 2025, passed by both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, marks the second major aviation reform under Civil Aviation Minister Ram Mohan Naidu.The bill aims to align India’s aircraft leasing and financing ecosystem with global standards, providing a critical boost to investor confidence in the country’s rapidly growing aviation market.It builds on the framework of the Cape Town Convention of 2001, which sought to simplify and standardize international leasing agreements. Although India formally adopted this convention in 2008, gaps in legal enforcement led to higher leasing costs—typically 8 to 10 percent higher than in other nations. This legislation aims to address those gaps, ensuring legal certainty for aircraft financiers and reducing costs for Indian carriers.

 

2. Jal Shakti Minister C.R. Patil launches a new website of the Department of Water Resources, RD &GR based: Union Minister of Jal Shakti, R. Patil, launched a new website for the Department of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation (DoWR, RD & GR) in New Delhi.This initiative aligns with the Digital Brand Identity Manual (DBIM) framework, aiming to create a cohesive digital ecosystem across all government departments.Key features of the new website include:Consistent User Experience: The DBIM framework ensures a uniform look and feel across government websites, enhancing user navigation and accessibility.​Enhanced Accessibility: The website complies with the latest Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), making it accessible to all citizens, including those with disabilities.​

 

3. Jal Shakti Minister C.R. Paatil launches Web-based Reservoir Storage Monitoring System (RSMS) Portal: Union Jal Shakti Minister C.R. Patil launched the Web-based Reservoir Storage Monitoring System (RSMS) Portal in New Delhi, which automates the generation of weekly water storage bulletins, replacing the earlier manual system.The portal monitors 161 key reservoirs (total live storage capacity of 182.375 BCM) and provides real-time updates, graphs, tables, and downloadable bulletins. It is accessible to decision-makers and the general public.Bulletins are issued every Thursday and shared with agencies including PMO, NITI Aayog, IMD, MoJS, and various state governments. Advisories are released in case of critical storage situations.Reservoir data support agriculture, power, domestic use, disaster management, and climate resilience, playing a critical role in ensuring water security and planning crop cycles across the country.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Hungary first European country to withdraw from the ICC: The Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban has announced that his country is withdrawing from the International Criminal Court (ICC). Hungary is the first European country to withdraw from the International Criminal Court, which was established in 2002.The decision to withdraw from the ICC was announced by Viktor Orbán in the presence of the visiting Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who is on a four-day official visit to Hungary.The ICC has issued an arrest warrant against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu for his alleged war crimes in Gaza.Hungary, being the founder member of the ICC and a signatory to the 1998 Rome Statute, was under an obligation to arrest Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. With Hungary’s decision to withdraw from the ICC, the country is under no obligation to arrest Benjamin Netanyahu.

 

2. The Ottawa Convention on Anti-Personnel Mines: The Ottawa Convention, also known as the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Treaty, was concluded during a diplomatic conference in Oslo on 18 September 1997. It was opened for signature in Ottawa from 3 to 4 December 1997 and later at the United Nations Headquarters. The treaty came into force on 1 March 1999. Its aim is to eliminate the humanitarian crisis caused by anti-personnel mines, which are designed to detonate when triggered by unsuspecting individuals. Under the Convention, countries were required to destroy their landmine stockpiles within four years. However, compliance has varied. Russia, USA, China, India, and Israel have never signed this treaty.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. India’s Defence Export Protocol: India’s Ministry of External Affairs recently defended its strategic trade practices amid claims of improper arms supply to Russia. This comes in the context of ongoing geopolitical tensions and India’s commitment to international trade regulations. The Ministry asserted that Indian companies adhere strictly to export controls and end-user commitments.In FY 2024-25, defence exports reached ₹23,622 crore, marking a 12.04% growth from the previous year. The government has implemented measures to simplify licensing requirements, facilitating an increase in defence exports. This includes support for both Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) and the emerging private sector.

 

2. Challenges Facing Advanced Light Helicopter Operations: Developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), the ALH has been grounded due to safety concerns following fatal crashes. This situation has raised alarms about the helicopter’s reliability and the implications for military operations.The ALH programme commenced in 1984, with initial design support from Germany. The helicopter first flew in 1992 and achieved military certification in 2002. It was designed for multi-role missions and is classified into several variants, including Mk-I, Mk-II, Mk-III, and Mk-IV. Despite its potential, the ALH has encountered various operational setbacks.

 

 

 

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Re-Entry of POEM-4 Module: To ensure a safe re-entry, ISRO engineers performed engine restarts to de-orbit POEM-4 to a nearly circular orbit at 350 km with a 55.2° inclination. The module was passivated by venting remaining fuel, reducing the risk of accidental break-up during descent.During its operational period, POEM-4 hosted various innovative payloads. Notably, it included India’s first astrobiology experiments developed by students from RV College of Engineering and Amity University. The payloads successfully collected valuable scientific data, contributing to research in space technology and astrobiology.

 

2. Rapid-CRISPR for Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia Diagnosis: Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) is a rare but aggressive form of leukaemia. This blood cancer arises from a genetic mutation involving the fusion of PML and RARA genes. The result is decrease in white blood cells and platelets. This reduction hampers the body’s ability to fight infections and manage bleeding. APL can cause severe internal bleeding, particularly in vital organs. Without prompt treatment, it can lead to death within days. However, early diagnosis and treatment can lead to high cure rates.Researchers at Tata Memorial Hospital have developed a new diagnostic test called RAPID-CRISPR. This test utilises CRISPR technology for rapid and accurate diagnosis. The test can deliver results in under three hours. It is also more cost-effective than traditional tests. Importantly, it does not require complex laboratory setups.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. What is Stagflation?: Stagflation refers to a situation where an economy experiences slow growth, high unemployment, and persistent inflation simultaneously. This combination creates a challenging environment for economic management.The current global economy faces stagflation risks due to supply chain disruptions, rising commodity prices, and geopolitical tensions. Policymakers must navigate these challenges to promote stability and growth.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Recent Award: Uttar Pradesh Anmol Ratan Award – Nikhil SinghalUgadi Award from the Andhra Pradesh government – Historian and archaeologist MyNaa Swamy59th Jnanpith Award – Vinod Kumar Shukla (for Deewar Mein Ek Khirki Rehti Thi)Maharashtra Bhushan Award 2024 – Veteran Sculptor Ram SutarOeko-Tex certification from Germany for Eri silk – North Eastern Handicrafts and Handlooms Development CorporationStockholm Water Prize 2025 – Austrian hydrologist Günter Blöschl (for his groundbreaking contributions to flood risk management and water resource engineering)

 

2. Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana Award
: The Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana is the highest civilian honour awarded by Sri Lanka. It recognises foreign leaders who have encourageed strong ties with the nation. Recently, Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi received this award during his state visit to Sri Lanka.The award consists of a silver medal adorned with nine Sri Lankan gems, known as Navarathna. The design features a globe surrounded by lotus petals. At the centre is a Pun Kalasa, symbolising prosperity. The medal also includes symbols of the Sun and Moon, along with a Dharma Chakra, representing shared Buddhist heritage. It is presented with a 6.5 cm wide ribbon for wearing around the neck.

Daily GK Update- 5th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Cabinet approves “Vibrant Villages Programme-II (VVP-II) for financial years 2024-25 to 2028-29: The Union Cabinet chaired by the PM Narendra Modi, approved the Vibrant Villages Programme -II (VVP-II) as a Central Sector Scheme (100% Centre funding), furthering its commitment for the vision of Viksit Bharat@2047 for ‘Safe, Secured & Vibrant land borders’.The Programme would help in the comprehensive development of the villages located in the blocks abutting international land borders (ILBs), other than the Northern border already covered under VVP-I.With a total outlay of Rs.6,839 crore, the programme shall be implemented in select strategic villages in the States/UTs of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, J&K (UT), Ladakh (UT), Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal till the FY 2028-29.

 

2. Cabinet approves four multitracking projects to enhance Indian Railways capacity: The Union Cabinet has approved four major multitracking projects for Indian Railways, aiming to significantly enhance line capacity and improve both passenger and freight transportation across key routes.With an estimated total cost of Rs. 18,658 crore, these projects will be completed by 2030-31 and are expected to streamline logistics, reduce costs, and support sustainable rail operations.Spanning 1,247 kilometers across 15 districts in Maharashtra, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh, the four approved projects are crucial for increasing the efficiency of transportation for essential commodities like coal, iron ore, and other minerals.The four projects include the third- and fourth-line expansion between Sambalpur and Jarapda, the third and fourth line between Jharsuguda and Sason, the fifth and sixth line between Kharsia, Naya Raipur, and Parmalkasa, and the doubling of the Gondia-Balharshah track.

 

3. RPF Joins CEIR Portal to Enhance Mobile Recovery for Rail Passengers”: After a successful pilot in the Northeast Frontier Railway, the Railway Protection Force (RPF) has officially integrated with the Central Equipment Identity Register (CEIR) portal, enabling recovery of lost or stolen mobile phones for passengers across India.Through CEIR, RPF can now block the IMEI number of missing phones, making them unusable and deterring resale, while also leveraging tracking tools for quick recovery.Passengers can report missing phones via Rail Madad (online or by dialing 139). RPF’s Zonal Cyber Cells will register the complaint on CEIR, block the device, and facilitate recovery and return.RPF’s ongoing Operation Amanat has already returned property worth ₹03 crores to over 1.15 lakh passengers. The CEIR portal will further boost RPF’s ability to track and restore lost mobile phones efficiently.

4. 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Parliament passes the Protection of Interest in Aircraft Objects Bill 2025: The Protection of Interest in Aircraft Objects Bill, 2025, passed by both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, marks the second major aviation reform under Civil Aviation Minister Ram Mohan Naidu.The bill aims to align India’s aircraft leasing and financing ecosystem with global standards, providing a critical boost to investor confidence in the country’s rapidly growing aviation market.It builds on the framework of the Cape Town Convention of 2001, which sought to simplify and standardize international leasing agreements. Although India formally adopted this convention in 2008, gaps in legal enforcement led to higher leasing costs—typically 8 to 10 percent higher than in other nations. This legislation aims to address those gaps, ensuring legal certainty for aircraft financiers and reducing costs for Indian carriers.

 

2. Prime Minister participates in the 6th BIMSTEC Summit, Thailand :Prime Minister Narendra Modi participated in the 6th BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) Summit hosted by Thailand, the current chair.The theme of the Summit was – “BIMSTEC: Prosperous, Resilient and Open”. It reflected the priorities of the leaders and the aspirations of the peoples of the BIMSTEC region, as well as the efforts of BIMSTEC in ensuring shared growth in times of global uncertainties.To enhance capacity building and economic integration, PM Modi introduced the BODHI programme for youth skilling, proposed a BIMSTEC Chamber of Commerce, an annual BIMSTEC Business Summit, a Digital Public Infrastructure study, and a cancer care capacity-building initiative.Strengthening cultural and people-to-people ties, India will host the BIMSTEC Athletics Meet in 2025, the first BIMSTEC Games in 2027, a Traditional Music Festival, and youth-focused events like a Young Leaders’ Summit, Hackathon, and Young Professional Visitors programme.

 

3. 4 April – International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action: International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action is observed on April 4th every year.The day aims to raise awareness about the impact of landmines and explosive remnants of war (ERW) on communities and to promote assistance in mine action.Theme 2025 – Safe Futures Start Here.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. 5 April – National Maritime Day: National Maritime Day is celebrated on April 5th every year to commemorate the contributions of the maritime industry to the Indian economy.The objective of National Maritime Day is to promote awareness about the importance of the maritime industry, recognize the achievements of Indian seafarers, and highlight the role of shipping in international trade and commerce.The day marks the anniversary of the first Indian shipping company, the Scindia Steam Navigation Company, which was established in 1919 and began its operations on April 5, 1919.

 

2. INS Sunayna: On April 5, 2025, the Indian Navy launched the Offshore Patrol Vessel INS Sunayna as part of the Indian Ocean Ship (IOS) SAGAR initiative. This event took place in Karwar, Karnataka, with Defence Minister Rajnath Singh presiding over the ceremony. The launch signifies India’s commitment to regional maritime security and international cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).The IOS SAGAR initiative aims to enhance maritime cooperation among nations in the IOR. The launch of INS Sunayna involves collaboration with naval personnel from nine friendly nations including Comoros, Kenya, and Maldives. This reflects India’s dedication to encouraging peace and collective security.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Re-Entry of POEM-4 Module: To ensure a safe re-entry, ISRO engineers performed engine restarts to de-orbit POEM-4 to a nearly circular orbit at 350 km with a 55.2° inclination. The module was passivated by venting remaining fuel, reducing the risk of accidental break-up during descent.During its operational period, POEM-4 hosted various innovative payloads. Notably, it included India’s first astrobiology experiments developed by students from RV College of Engineering and Amity University. The payloads successfully collected valuable scientific data, contributing to research in space technology and astrobiology.Throughout its mission, POEM-4 was continuously monitored by ISRO’s radar facilities and the United States Space Command (USSPACECOM). The tracking data provided critical information for precise predictions regarding the module’s re-entry trajectory.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. HPV Vaccination Initiatives in India for Cervical Cancer: HPV is a group of over 200 viruses. More than 40 types can be transmitted through sexual contact. Certain HPV types lead to genital warts, while others are linked to cancers. Specifically, HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for the majority of cervical cancer cases. The virus is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, often asymptomatic. Persistent infection can lead to cancer.The HPV vaccine is essential for preventing infections that may lead to cancer. It is most effective when administered between the ages of 9 and 26. The vaccine series protects against various HPV types known to cause cervical and other cancers. Vaccination can reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer in both men and women.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Sudarsan Pattnaik Becomes First Indian to Win Fred Darrington Sand Art Award :Renowned Indian sand artist Sudarsan Pattnaik has become the first Indian to receive the prestigious Fred Darrington Sand Master Award for his outstanding contributions to sand art.The award was presented during the Sandworld 2025 International Sand Art Festival in Dorset, England.To mark the occasion, Pattnaik created a 10-foot-high sculpture of Lord Ganesha carrying the message of “World Peace”. The award holds special significance this year as it commemorates the 100th birth anniversary of legendary British sculptor Fred Darrington.Sudarshan Pattnaik, a Padma Shri awardee from Odisha, has participated in over 65 international sand art festivals and championships. His work, often blending spiritual themes with social messages, has earned him widespread recognition – but the Weymouth award marks a new high.