Daily GK Update- 23rd Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Centre imposes 12% safeguard duty to shield Indian steel sector: The Centre has imposed a 12 per cent safeguard duty on the import of certain non-alloy and alloy steel flat products with a view to shielding the Indian steel sector.This measure is a timely and necessary step to protect domestic steel manufacturers from the adverse impact of import surges and to ensure fair competition in the market.This move will provide critical relief to domestic producers, especially small and medium-scale enterprises, who have faced immense pressure from rising imports of steel. The safeguard duty will help restore market stability and reinforce the confidence of the domestic industry.

 

2. Union Health Ministry observes Pan-India ‘Fire Safety Week’ from 21st to 25th April: The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has launched the Fire Safety Week in collaboration with all States/UTs as well as relevant central Ministries/Departments from 21st to 25th April, 2025.Over 3,000 participants from public and private health facilities virtually joined the pledge ceremony and webinar on “Emergency evacuation and patient safety strategies” and “Fire prevention in high-risk areas of healthcare facilities”.Various activities have been planned throughout the country during the Fire Safety Week in order to raise awareness regarding importance of prevention and mitigation of fire hazards in all healthcare facilities across the country.

 

3. Maharashtra launches Pink E Rickshaw Scheme with Kinetic Green : The Maharashtra government has launched the Pink E-Rickshaw Scheme to empower women and make them financially independent.The Pink E Rickshaw Scheme was officially launched by the Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Ajit Pawar, at a function in Pune, where electric three-wheelers were distributed to selected beneficiaries.The Pink E Rickshaw Scheme is being administered by the state government’s Women & Child Development Department.The Kinetic Green Energy company is a partner with the state government in this initiative. The Kinetic Green company will provide the electric three-wheeler to the beneficiaries.

 

4. Under the initiative, 10,000 e-rickshaws will be distributed in eight districts: Nagpur, Ahmednagar, Solapur, Kolhapur, Amravati, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Pune, and Nashik of Maharashtra.Bihar CM Nitish Kumar launches ‘Mahila Samvad’ campaign targeting women empowerment: Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar has launched the Mahila Samvad campaign—an ambitious, statewide drive to connect women with welfare schemes and elevate their voices in governance.The campaign is a state-wide outreach programme that aims to engaging with over two crore women across 70,000 locations in Bihar.A total of 600 ‘Mahila Samvad raths’ will eventually cover all the 38 disctricts and 48,000 villages of Bihar.

 

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Amaravati to be world’s first fully renewable-powered city: Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh’s planned capital city, aims to become the world’s first city powered entirely by renewable energy, targeting a 2,700 MW capacity through sources like solar, wind, and hydropower.The foundation stone for the capital city is expected to be laid by Prime Minister Narendra Modi this month, with the project covering 217 square kilometers, a part of the larger 8,352 sq km Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.Amaravati will serve as a global model for urban sustainability, showcasing India’s leadership in clean energy while setting a benchmark for future cities in the green urban planning domain.

 

2. 23 April – World Book and Copyright Day: World Book and Copyright Day is observed every year on 23 April.This global event, organised by UNESCO, aims to promote the importance of reading, encourage lifelong learning, and highlight the value of literature.Established by UNESCO in 1995, the day honors authors, encourages literacy, and highlights the importance of books in fostering knowledge and creativity.

 

3. What is copyright?: Copyright is a legal term that grants exclusive rights to the original works of authors, including literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works.Copyright is a type of intellectual property that protects the rights of creators of original works of authorship. It gives them exclusive rights to control how their work is used.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Rohit, Kohli retain top BCCI annual contract as Iyer, Kishan return: Indian team stalwarts Rohit Sharma and Virat Kohli have retained their A+ category contracts despite retiring from the T20I format, as the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced the annual player retainership for the men’s team for the 2024–25 season.New additions to the central contracts list—all placed in Grade C—include Nitish Kumar Reddy, Dhruv Jurel, Abhishek Sharma, Sarfaraz Khan, Akash Deep, Varun Chakravarthy, and Harshit Rana.Shivam Dube, Jitesh Sharma, KS Bharat, and Avesh Khan—who were part of the C category last season—have been excluded from the contract list altogether.A total of 34 players have been awarded annual retainerships for the 2024–25 season, covering the period from October 1, 2024, to September 30, 2025.Grade A+: Rohit Sharma, Virat Kohli, Jasprit Bumrah, Ravindra JadejaGrade A: Mohammed Siraj, KL Rahul, Shubman Gill, Hardik Pandya, Mohammed Shami, Rishabh Pant

 

2. India finishes 2025 ISSF World Cup Lima Campaign with 7 medals: Indian shooters concluded their campaign at the ISSF World Cup Lima 2025 with seven medals – two gold, four silver, and one bronze – to finish third behind China and the USA on the medal tally.The ISSF World Cup/Rifle/Shotgun was held at the Peruvian capital city of Lima from 13-22 April 2022. It was the second World Cup of the 2025 ISSF calendar, with the first World Cup being held at Buenos Aires, Argentina from 1-10 April 2025.At the Buenos Aires event, the Indian shooting contingent won eight medals —four gold, two silver, and two bronze—to finish second behind China.Medal winners for IndiaIndia won 7 medals – two gold, four silver, and one bronze medal at the Lima event.

 

3. Neeraj Chopra Clinches Gold with 84.52 m at NWU Potch Invitational: Neeraj Chopra, the two-time Olympic medallist, started his 2025 season by winning the gold medal at the NWU Potch Invitational in South Africa with an impressive throw of 84.52m.His throw of 84.52m secured the top spot, placing him ahead of South Africa’s Douw Smit (82.44m) and Duncan Robertson (71.22m).

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. MSDE and Microsoft Launch ‘AI Careers for Women’ Initiative to Empower Women in Emerging Tech: The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) and Microsoft have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to launch AI Careers for Women—a pioneering skilling initiative aimed at empowering women in higher education institutions to pursue careers in Artificial Intelligence (AI).This strategic collaboration seeks to bridge the gender gap in emerging tech by equipping women with industry-aligned AI skills, enabling them to participate meaningfully in the digital economy and become active contributors to India’s innovation-led growth.As part of this collaboration, Microsoft will provide 240-hours training curriculum under AI skilling and Innovation framework for women, aligned to the industry standards, and developed in consultation with the National Council for Vocational Education and Training (NCVET).

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. RBI permits minors above 10 years to operate bank accounts independently: The Reserve Bank of India permitted banks to allow minors above the age of 10 years to open and operate savings/term deposit accounts independently.Minors of any age may be allowed to open and operate savings and term deposit accounts through his/her natural or legal guardian, the RBI said in a circular addressed to commercial banks and cooperative banks. They may also be allowed to open such accounts with their mother as guardian.Minors above such an age limit not less than 10 years and up to such amount and such terms as may be fixed by the banks keeping in view their risk management policy, may be allowed to open and operate savings/term deposit accounts independently, if they so desire, and such terms shall be duly conveyed to the account holder.Further, on attaining the age of majority, fresh operating instructions and specimen signature of the account holder should be obtained and kept on record.

 

2. Poonawalla Fincorp and MobiKwik Collaborate to Revolutionise Instant Personal Loans: Poonawalla Fincorp, a leading NBFC backed by the Cyrus Poonawalla Group, has joined forces with MobiKwik to launch instant personal loans through the fintech platform’s ZIP EMI service.This partnership enables users across India, including Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities, to access loans ranging from ₹50,000 to ₹15 lakh, significantly expanding MobiKwik’s previous loan limits of up to ₹2 lakh offered via other NBFC partnerships.The collaboration integrates Poonawalla Fincorp’s lending expertise with MobiKwik’s digital reach, allowing borrowers to secure funds within minutes through a fully digital process.Users can select flexible repayment tenures spanning 6 to 36 months, a notable extension from MobiKwik’s earlier 3–24-month options. The initiative targets diverse financial needs, including education, healthcare, and travel, while promoting credit score improvement through timely repayments.

 

3. Financial Intelligence Unit imposes ₹37 lakh penalty on Union Bank of India: The Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) has slapped a ₹37 lakh penalty on Union Bank of India for discrepancies in reporting suspicious transactions for 2011-2014.Financial Intelligence Unit-India (FIU-IND) in its order dated April 15 imposed a penalty of ₹37 lakh for “discrepancies observed in a matter for the year 2011 to 2014 in reporting of suspicious transaction”.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Achyuta Samanta Conferred Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma Award 2025: Achyuta Samanta, the visionary founder of KIIT and KISS, was honored with the prestigious Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma Award 2025 in Kokrajhar, Assam.The award, instituted by the Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma Trust, celebrates individuals who have made substantial contributions to society, especially in the fields of education and social empowerment.This recognition comes on the occasion of the 166th birth anniversary of Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma, a revered social reformer and spiritual leader of the Bodo community.As part of the honour, Dr Samanta received a citation, a memento, and a cash award of Rs. 1 lakh. In a noble gesture, Dr Samanta donated the entire award money back to the Trust for its development.

 

Daily GK Update- 22nd Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Arunachal CM inaugurates International Conclave on ‘Buddha Dhamma & Culture of North-East India’: Arunachal Pradesh Deputy Chief Minister Chowna Mein inaugurated the International Conclave on the theme Buddha Dhamma and the Culture of North-East India” in Namsai, Arunachal Pradesh.The two-day conference is being organised by the International Buddhist Confederation in collaboration with the Union Ministry of Culture, Government of India.

Buddhist monks and scholars from India and several other countries, including Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Bhutan, are participating in the two-day conference.

 

2.Former SC judge Dinesh Maheshwari appointed law commission chairperson: Dinesh Maheshwari has been appointed as the chairperson of the 23rd Law Commission of India, with approval from Prime Minister Narendra Modi.The 23rd Law Commission was established on September 3, 2023, for a three-year term, with Hitesh Jain and Prof. D P Verma appointed as full-time members.The commission will examine important issues, including the potential introduction of a uniform civil code in India.Justice Dinesh Maheshwari retired from the Supreme Court in May 2023, and has previously served in various high court positions, including Chief Justice of Meghalaya and Karnataka High Courts.

 

3. Nature-Based Solutions for Coastal Cities’ Resilience: A recent report by the Centre for Study of Science, Technology and Policy (CSTEP) advocates for these strategies to enhance urban resilience. The report marks the urgent need for sustainable urban planning in response to environmental degradation and vulnerabilities. Nature-based solutions leverage natural processes to address urban challenges. They include strategies like wetland restoration, rooftop greening, and permeable pavements. These methods aim to restore ecosystems while providing practical benefits such as flood mitigation and improved biodiversity.

 

4. Pink E-Rickshaw Initiative: The Pink E-Rickshaw initiative launched in Maharashtra aims to empower women by providing them with eco-friendly transportation options. Deputy Chief Minister Ajit Pawar recently announced the distribution of these electric rickshaws as feeder services at metro stations, airports, and tourist destinations. Following a successful pilot in Pune, the scheme is set to expand to other cities in the state. The initiative plans to distribute 10,000 pink e-rickshaws across eight districts. The primary objective is to financially and socially empower women. The scheme focuses on women aged 20 to 50, particularly targeting widows, divorcees, and those from low-income backgrounds.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. PM Modi to inaugurate Vizhinjam International Seaport on May 2: Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the Vizhinjam International Seaport in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, on May 2, 2025.This port will be India’s first semi-automated deep-water international container transhipment port, marking a historic development in maritime infrastructure.Vizhinjam port is the first Greenfield port project in India, initiated by a state government with an investment exceeding ₹18,000 crore.Developed under the Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode, it stands as one of the largest initiatives in the country’s port sector.The project was allotted to APSEZ after the Government of Kerala and Adani Vizhinjam Port Private Ltd. (AVPPL) agreed to a concession agreement in 2015.

 

2. Ananya Panday Becomes Chanel’s First-Ever Brand Ambassador from India: French luxury brand Chanel has appointed Ananya Panday as its first-ever brand ambassador from India, following her appearance at the Chanel Spring/Summer 2025 show in Paris.Ananya Panday, known for her roles in Gehraiyaan, Kho Gaye Hum Kahan, CTRL, and Call Me Bae, has emerged as a Gen Z fashion icon, with 25.9 million Instagram followers showcasing her Chanel looks.Ananya represents a generation with evolving tastes and independent identities, aligning well with the brand’s values and image.

 

3. 21 April – World Creativity and Innovation Day: World Creativity and Innovation Day (WCID) is celebrated every year on April 21 to raise awareness about the importance of creativity and innovation in problem-solving and driving sustainable development across the globe.

Theme 2025 – Step out and innovate

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. IAF Surya Kiran team to begin aerobatic airshow in Patna: In Bihar, the Surya Kiran team of the Indian Air Force begins its aerobatic air show atThe two-day programme will comprise a splendid show and manoeuvre of IAF Surya Kiran aircraft between 10 am to 11 am over the Ganga River in Patna.The programme is being organised on the occasion of Vijayotsav of Babu Kunwar Singh, the freedom fighter of the 1857 revolution in Bhojpur in Bihar.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Simranpreet Kaur wins maiden senior international medal with silver in 25m pistol: In Shooting, India’s Simranpreet Kaur Brar has clinched her maiden senior international medal with a silver in the women’s 25m pistol event at the International Shooting Sport Federation, ISSF World Cup in Lima, Peru.The Indian shooter shot a total of 33 hits in the 10-series of five rapid-fire shots final, finishing one hit behind China’s Sun Yujie, who won back-to-back World Cup golds in the event.A second Chinese, Yao Qianxun, won bronze with 29 hits to her name. Meanwhile, Paris Olympics double medallist Manu Bhaker finished fourth.

 

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. 22 April – Earth Day: Earth Day is observed every year on 22 April to raise awareness about environmental issues such as climate change, pollution, and conservation, inspiring individuals and communities to take action.Theme 2025 – Our Power, Our Plane The first Earth Day was celebrated in 1970, when industries were releasing smoke and sludge without much concern about the legal or public repercussions.

 

2. India’s First Quantum Computing Village: Recently, the Government of Andhra Pradesh made strides towards establishing India’s first Quantum Computing Village in Amaravati. This initiative aims to create a pioneering ecosystem for quantum computing research and collaboration. The project is backed by the Real-Time Governance Society (RTGS) and is set to occupy 50 acres of land. The facility will serve as a hub for institutions and companies to access advanced quantum computing resources. The Quantum Computing Village will feature an Iconic Building designed by IBM. This building will house advanced quantum systems and a dedicated data centre for high-performance computing. Collaboration with industry leaders like Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) and L&T will be essential for finalising infrastructure specifications. The project aims to support the IBM Quantum System Two, marking step in India’s quantum computing capabilities.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. SBI to Deploy ‘Grahak Mitras’ at 4,500 Branches to Promote Alternate Banking Channels: State Bank of India will deploy personnel from its subsidiary SBOSS as ‘Grahak Mitras’ to guide customers towards alternate banking channels.These Grahak Mitras will offer first-level assistance and promote the use of self-service options like ATMs, kiosks, YONO app, and WhatsApp banking.They will be stationed at around 4,500 SBI branches, covering roughly 20% of the bank’s total 22,740 branches across India.The move aims to reduce overcrowding in branches that handle government salary accounts, pensions, and direct benefit transfers.

 

2. LIC hikes its stake in Bank of Baroda to 7.05%: Insurance behemoth LIC has increased its stake in state-owned Bank of Baroda (BoB) by nearly 2 per cent to 7.05 per cent.The life insurance company has acquired additional 10.45 crore shares from open market over a period of one-and-a-half year.With the acquisition done between November 20, 2023 and April 16, 2025, LIC’s stake in the Mumbai-based bank has increased from 5.03 per cent to 7.05 per cent.

 

3. Mirae Asset launches $200M global investment fund targeting AI & semicon: Mirae Asset has launched a new fund, Mirae Asset Global Allocation Fund IFSC, to help Indian investors gain exposure to international markets and high-growth sectors like artificial intelligence (AI) and semiconductors.The fund, launched through the company’s IFSC branch at GIFT City, aims to provide long-term capital appreciation by investing in a portfolio of global equity exchange-traded funds (ETFs).These ETFs will be based on broad market indices and high-growth sectors such as artificial intelligence (AI) and semiconductors.The fund will allocate 90–100 per cent of its net asset value (NAV) to global ETFs across developed markets like the US and China.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Laureus Awards 2025: Andrade beats Rishabh Pant to win Comeback of the Year: The 2025 Laureus World Sports Awards celebrated its 25th anniversary with a grand ceremony in Madrid, honoring outstanding athletes and teams for their exceptional performances over the past year.

The Laureus World Sports Awards, often dubbed the “Oscars of Sports”, celebrated the most remarkable athletes and sporting achievements of the past year.Held in the vibrant city of Madrid, the 2025 edition of the event brought together legends, rising stars, and game-changers across various disciplines.

 

Daily GK Update- 21st Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Andhra Pradesh Cabinet approves draft Ordinance on sub-categorisation of Scheduled Castes: The Andhra Pradesh State Cabinet, chaired by Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu, approved the draft Ordinance to implement the sub-categorisation of the Scheduled Castes (SCs) in the State.Aimed at integrated and equitable development of the sub-castes, the Cabinet, following a proposal from the Social Welfare Department, approved the classification of the 59 SC communities in the State into three categories based on their population, backwardness, and social cohesion.12 castes were brought under Group-I, and 1% reservation was earmarked for them. Similarly, 18 castes that form part of Group-II would get 6.5% reservation. The third group comprised of 29 castes with 7.5% reservation.The Ordinance is aimed at ensuring equitable access to education and job opportunities among the SC communities, and will be implemented across all the 26 districts.

 

2. Chennai launches South India’s first AC EMU train on suburban route: South India’s first AC EMU (Electric Multiple Unit) train was launched on the Chennai Beach–Chengalpattu corridor, offering Metro-like comfort, and marking a major advancement in the region’s suburban rail network.The 12-car train, manufactured by Integral Coach Factory, features modern amenities such as automatic sliding doors, air conditioning, GPS-based displays, CCTV, stainless steel seating, and an energy-saving regenerative braking system.The service operates six days a week (except Sundays) with six total services daily: 4 between Chennai Beach–Chengalpattu and 2 between Chennai Beach–Tambaram, with fares ranging from Rs. 35 to Rs. 105 depending on distance.This initiative by Southern Railway’s Chennai division aims to provide a comfortable, safe, and efficient travel experience, especially beneficial during summer and for daily commuters, echoing the success of Mumbai’s AC EMU model.

 

3. Government appoints Mangi Lal Jat as Director General of the ICAR: Noted agronomist Dr Mangi Lal Jat has been appointed as the Director General of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).The appointment of Dr Mangi Lal Jat was approved by the Appointment Committee of the Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in a meeting in New Delhi.

Dr Mangi Lal Jat will take the place of Dr Himanshu Jain, who was earlier appointed as the Director General of the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). The government has appointed Mangi Lal Jat for three years, commencing from the date he assumes office.Dr Mangi Lal Jat will also be the Secretary of the Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE).

 

4. IndusInd Bank names Santosh Kumar as Deputy CFO: Santosh Kumar, Chief Accountant at IndusInd Bank, has been elevated as Deputy CFO, Special Officer – Finance & Accounts, and designated as a Key Managerial Personnel.Arun Khurana, who was given the additional charge of CFO in January after the resignation of former CFO Gobind Jain, will now continue solely as the Deputy CEO of the bank.Santosh Kumar will lead the finance and accounts functions of the bank in his new role until a full-time CFO is appointed, as per the exchange filing.

 

5. 21 April – Civil Services Day: Civil Services Day in India is observed annually on 21st April to recognise and appreciate the contributions of civil servants in nation-building.The day holds great significance as it honors the role of Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officers and other civil services officers who play a crucial part in public administration and governance.21st April is celebrated as Civil Services Day because it marks the day in 1947 when Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel addressed the first batch of IAS officers at Metcalfe House, Delhi.On this day, the government honors civil servants through the Prime Minister’s Awards for Excellence in Public Administration, which is given to officials and departments for exceptional work and innovative efforts in governance.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Telangana govt signs MoU with Japanese company Neysa Networks to set up AI data centre cluster: Japan-based global digital transformation and IT services company, NTT DATA, cloud platform company Neysa Networks, and the Telangana government have signed an agreement to set up an Artificial Intelligence data centre cluster in Hyderabad with an investment of 10 thousand 500 crore rupees.The upcoming facility in Hyderabad will feature a 400 MegaWatt data centre cluster, designed to host the country’s most powerful AI supercomputing infrastructure with 25,000 GPUs (Graphics Processing Units).The project aligns with Telangana’s vision to be the AI capital of India, offering sovereign, scalable, and sustainable compute capabilities to support public and enterprise AI workloads. The collaboration combines NTT DATA’s global data centre leadership with Neysa’s AI acceleration platform, enabling joint development of AI-first solutions.

 

2. New York City declares April 14 as Dr B.R. Ambedkar Day: New York City Mayor Eric Adams declared April 14, 2025, as Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Day, honouring the 135th birth anniversary of the Indian Constitution’s architect.Born in 1891, Dr. Ambedkar, known as Babasaheb, led the drafting of India’s Constitution, served as Minister of Law and Justice, advocated for Dalit rights, and earned a PhD from Columbia University in 1927, followed by an honorary degree in 1952.

 

3. Aral Sea: The Aral Sea, once a vast body of water, has undergone geological changes following its dramatic shrinkage. This transformation began in the 1960s due to human interventions in river systems. The consequences of these actions are still being studied , revealing complex interactions between the environment and human activity.Recent research indicates that the land surrounding the Aral Sea is experiencing upward movement. This phenomenon is linked to the loss of water weight from the lake. The Soviet-era diversion of rivers led to a decrease in water levels, causing the Earth’s crust to slowly rise. Satellite technology has been used to monitor this elevation, showing an increase of about 1.6 inches between 2016 and 2020.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. India Signs First Defence MoU with Slovakia Through JCBL Group: India and Slovakia signed their first defence Memorandum of Understanding, with JCBL Group’s Airbornics Defence & Space Pvt. Ltd. (ADSL) tasked with co-developing next-generation combat vehicle technologies, aligning with India’s Make-in-India initiative.The agreement emphasises indigenous manufacturing of light tank systems, including turrets, active protection systems, remote-controlled weapon systems, and human-machine interface modules.The collaboration aims to facilitate technology transfer and co-development of combat platforms suited for complex terrains, with all manufacturing in India, potentially enabling future defence exports by leveraging Slovakia’s expertise and India’s industrial base.

 

2. Indian Air Force Joins Multinational ‘Desert Flag-10’ Exercise in UAE: A contingent of the Indian Air Force reached Al Dhafra Air Base in the United Arab Emirates to participate in Exercise Desert Flag-10.The exercise is being hosted by the UAE Air Force, with participating contingents from the air forces of Australia, Bahrain, France, Germany, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the Republic of Korea, Turkey, the UAE, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America in addition to the Indian Air Force.The primary aim of the exercise is to undertake complex and diverse fighter engagements, with the exchange of operational knowledge and best practices with some of the most capable air forces in the world.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Rajnath Singh inaugurates 4-day Sansad Khel Mahakumbh in Lucknow: The union Defence minister, Rajnath Singh, has inaugurated the 4-day Sansad Khel Mahakumbh at the K.D. Singh Babu Stadium in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.A demonstration of indigenous sports, Kalaripayattu, Yoga, and Mallakhamba, were also performed during the inaugural ceremony.During the inaugural ceremony, Rajnath Singh honoured 10 senior athletes and five coaches from the city who had represented the country in the Olympics and other international events. The minister also honoured five sports management professionals of the city.Approximately 2,500 sportspeople are participating in the four-day sporting event. They will compete in eight events- Athletics, Kabaddi, Basketball, Volleyball, Football, Hockey, Boxing and Taekwondo.The events will be held in the junior and senior categories. Students of classes 9-12 are participating in the junior category, while the senior category is for students of degree colleges and universities.The winners will be honoured with a cash prize of Rs eight lakhs.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. India’s first satellite, Aryabhata, completes 50 years: India’s first satellite, Aryabhata, completed 50 years 19 April 2025. Launched on this day in 1975, the satellite was named after the ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer, Aryabhata.The satellite, built by the Indian Space Research Organisation, was launched from Kapustin Yar with the assistance of the USSR. The purpose of the satellite was defined to explore areas including Solar Physics, Aeronomy, and X-ray Astronomy.Aryabhata was designed as a 26-sided polyhedron, measuring 1.4 metres in diameter and weighing 360 kilograms. Except for the top and bottom, all the remaining 24 faces of the satellite were covered with solar panels.Aryabhata marked India’s entry into space exploration and laid the foundation for the country’s future space missions. With its successful launch, India was recognized as the 11th country in the world to send a satellite into orbit.

 

2. ISRO Develops Indigenous Stellite Nozzle Divergent for PSLV: ISRO has indigenously developed a Stellite-based nozzle divergent as an alternative to the imported Columbium for the fourth stage of the PSLV, promoting self-reliance in space technology.Stellite, a cobalt-based alloy with elements like Chromium, Nickel, Tungsten, and Iron, can withstand high temperatures up to 1150°C, proven through a successful hot test lasting 665 seconds on April 8 at the ISRO Propulsion Complex, Mahendragiri (Tamil Nadu).Using the Stellite nozzle will help reduce costs by 90% compared to importing Columbium, boosting ISRO’s efficiency in future PSLV missions.The Mahendragiri facility has also successfully tested the human-rated Vikas Engine for the Gaganyaan mission; this engine, developed in India and named after Vikram Sarabhai, will be used in clustered form in LVM3-G to carry astronauts into space.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. SBI Card unveils co-branded Tata Neu credit card with exclusive rewards: SBI Card has collaborated with Tata Digital to introduce the Tata Neu SBI Card, a co-branded credit card designed to provide customers with a rewarding shopping experience. The card comes in two variants: Tata Neu Infinity SBI Card and Tata Neu Plus SBI Card.Cardholders can earn NeuCoins on all purchases, whether online or in-store, both domestically and internationally. These rewards are credited monthly to the NeuPass account within the Tata Neu app. They can be redeemed for a variety of products and services, including groceries, travel, fashion, and electronics.The Tata Neu Infinity SBI Card offers up to 10% rewards on purchases, while the Tata Neu Plus SBI Card provides up to 7%. The card also offers additional rewards, including up to 1.5% back on UPI transactions and up to 5% back on bill payments made via Tata Neu.

 

Daily GK Update- 20th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. What is Paste Fill Technology?: Paste filling is a modern underground mining method that eliminates the need to acquire surface land. After coal extraction, the mined-out voids are filled with a specially prepared paste made from fly ash, crushed overburden from opencast mines, cement, water, and binding chemicals. This process prevents land subsidence and ensures the structural stability of the mine.Importantly, the paste utilizes industrial waste materials, making the process environmentally sustainable and promoting waste recycling.

 

2. Background of Singhali Mine: The Singhali underground mine was approved in 1989 for a production capacity of 0.24 million tonnes per year and commenced operations in 1993.Presently, the mine has 8.45 million tonnes of extractable reserves of G-7 grade non-coking coal.It was developed using the Bord and Pillar method, employing Load Haul Dumpers (LHDs) and Universal Drilling Machines (UDMs) for underground operations.However, the surface area above the mine is densely occupied—with villages, high-tension electricity lines, and a Public Works Department (PWD) road—rendering traditional caving methods unfeasible due to safety Concerns.

 

3. Bhagavad Gita and Natyashastra added to UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register: The Shrimad Bhagavad Gita (a noted Hindu scripture) and Natyashastra (Indian treatise on performing arts) have been officially included in UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register, recognising their exceptional universal value and global significance.The UNESCO Memory of the World Register honours documentary heritage that is deemed to hold exceptional universal value. It includes texts, manuscripts, and documents that have significantly shaped human history and continue to influence generations.The Shrimad Bhagavad Gita, part of the Mahabharata, is a profound spiritual text composed of 700 verses that address crucial philosophical questions on life, duty, and devotion.The Natyashastra, attributed to Bharat Muni, serves as the foundational text for Indian performing arts, including theatre, dance, and music, influencing classical art forms for centuries. These works have become the basis for not only India’s cultural practices but also its modes of thought, expression, and living.

 

4. Compilation of PM Modi’s Speeches on Culture ‘Sanskriti Ka Paanchva Adhyay’ Launched: A book titled Sanskriti Ka Paanchva Adhyay, which is a compilation of speeches delivered by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on various occasions, was launched in New Delhi.The head of the Juna Akhara, Acharya Mahamandaleshwar Swami Avdheshanand Giri, launched the book.Presiding over the event, Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, Harivansh, lauded Prime Minister Modi’s efforts in preserving the country’s culture, traditions, spiritual values, and cultural heritage.

 

5. Fisheries Development Initiatives Under PM Matsya Sampada Yojana: (PMMSY) is initiative aimed at transforming India’s fisheries sector. Launched in 2020, this scheme addresses critical gaps in fish production, productivity, and welfare of fishermen. Recently, Union Minister George Kurian announced various projects, including infrastructure development and financial assistance for fishermen under this scheme in Karaikal.The PMMSY is a comprehensive scheme designed to boost the fisheries sector. It focuses on sustainable practices and enhancing the livelihoods of fishers. The programme is set to run from 2020 to 2025, with an investment of ₹20,050 crore. It aims to integrate inland fisheries and aquaculture into the broader economy.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Wet-Bulb Temperature Survival Threshold: Recent studies have raised questions about the widely accepted wet-bulb temperature survival threshold of 35°C. Harvard researchers, in collaboration with the Indian Union environment ministry, discussed heat stress and adaptation strategies in India. Their findings suggest that the critical limit may be closer to 31°C. This revelation has implications for understanding human thermal limits in heat conditions.Wet-bulb temperature combines heat and humidity to measure the human body’s cooling ability. It reflects how effectively sweat evaporates. When the wet-bulb temperature equals skin temperature, sweat evaporation ceases. This prevents the body from cooling down, leading to heat stress.

 

2. International Big Cat Alliance: This happened more than two months after IBCA became a full international organisation based on a treaty between countries. The agreement allows India to host the IBCA’s main office and gives it the support needed for its efficient functioning. The agreement also includes details about visas, special rights and protections for IBCA staff and offices, how the agreement will begin, and other related matters.The IBCA was proposed by Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi in 2019. It was officially launched in April 2023 during the 50th anniversary of Project Tiger. The alliance became a legal entity after five countries ratified its framework agreement in September 2023. These countries include India, Liberia, Eswatini, Somalia, and Nicaragua.

 

3. PEN-Plus Strategy Enhances NCD Care in Africa: WHO African Region. A report released by the World Health Organization (WHO) Africa assessed the PEN-Plus approach that aims to decentralise critical health services for severe NCDs. Since its adoption, twenty African countries have improved access to essential care, addressing public health threat.The PEN-Plus model complements the WHO’s Package of Essential Non-communicable Disease interventions. It focuses on managing severe NCDs at the primary healthcare level. Originally developed in Rwanda, PEN-Plus aims to provide care to individuals living in extreme poverty. It trains healthcare professionals to deliver essential medical services, including diagnosis and psychosocial support.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Military Exercise Balikatan 2025: The Philippines is set to host the Balikatan joint military exercise involving the United States, Australia and Japan. It will start April 21 and end May 9, 2025. Japan is set to formally participate for the first time in this exercise. The drills will mainly focus on defending the islands of Palawan and Luzon, which are close to tense areas in the south china sea and the Luzon Strait. In a previous exercise, Balikatan 2023, American and Philippine forces practiced working together by testing their ability to give and follow commands during a ship-sinking drill.Balikatan, meaning “shoulder-to-shoulder” in Tagalog, began in 2002. It focuses on humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, and military readiness. The drills involve various military branches from the US and the Philippines. Over the years, participation has expanded to include other nations, enhancing multilateral cooperation.

 

2. Exercise Dustlik 2025: The sixth edition of the India-Uzbekistan joint military exercise, Dustlik, commenced on April 16, 2025, at the Foreign Training Node in Pune. This annual event alternates between India and Uzbekistan The exercise aims to enhance military cooperation and improve capabilities for joint operations in various terrains. It involves personnel from both the Indian Army and the Uzbekistan Army.The Indian contingent consists of 60 personnel from the Jat Regiment and the Indian Air Force. The Uzbekistan contingent includes their army personnel. This year’s exercise features a battalion-level joint operations centre for continuous collaboration.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Intermediate-Mass Black Holes: Recent astronomical advancements have led to the discovery of an Intermediate-Mass Black Hole (IMBH) located in the faint galaxy NGC 4395, approximately 4.3 million light-years from Earth. This finding, made using India’s largest optical telescope, the 3.6m Devasthal Optical Telescope, provides critical vital information about the formation and behaviour of black holes that range from 100 to 100,000 solar masses. The study enhances our understanding of the cosmic black hole family and their evolution.Intermediate-Mass Black Holes are cosmic entities that bridge the gap between stellar black holes and supermassive black holes. Stellar black holes have masses a few dozen times that of the Sun, while supermassive black holes can have masses in the millions or billions of solar masses. IMBHs are believed to be the seeds that evolve into supermassive black holes.

 

2. India Achieves First QKD Transmission: This breakthrough marks a very important step in the nation’s pursuit of secure digital communication networks. The successful test marks India’s commitment to developing robust quantum encryption technologies that are essential for safeguarding critical data.Quantum Key Distribution is a method that uses quantum mechanics to securely share encryption keys. It allows two parties to generate a shared, random secret key that can be used for secure communication. QKD is unique because it ensures that any eavesdropping attempt can be detected. This technology is crucial for sectors like banking and government, where data security is paramount.

 

3. Venom Maps Predict Russell’s Viper Characteristics: Recent research has revealed innovative “venom maps” that predict the venom characteristics of Russell’s viper, a highly dangerous snake prevalent in India. Conducted by the Indian Institute of Science in Bengaluru, this study sheds light on how local climate conditions influence the composition and potency of the snake’s venom. The findings aim to improve treatment for snakebite victims by facilitating targeted therapies.Russell’s viper, scientifically known as *Daboia russelii*, is a venomous snake belonging to the Viperidae family. It is commonly found across various regions in Asia, including India, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar. This snake is recognised for its stocky body and distinctive reddish-brown spots outlined in black. It typically measures between 4 to 6 feet in length.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. ADB sanctions $85.4 million loan for Tripura Industrial Infra Development: The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved a $85.4 million loan to finance critical industrial infrastructure in the nine industrial estates of Tripura.The nine Industrial estates of the Tripura government to be funded are Bodhjungnagar Industrial Estate, Kumarghat Industrial Estate, R.K. Nagar Industrial Estate, Dharmanagar Industrial Estate, Dhajanagar Industrial Estate, Dukli Industrial Estate, Deewanpasma Industrial Estate, Nagicherra Industrial Estate and Sarasima Industrial Estate.

 

2. RBI imposes penalty on Kotak Mahindra Bank, IDFC First Bank, PNB: RBI has imposed monetary penalties on Kotak Mahindra Bank, IDFC First Bank, and Punjab National Bank for deficiencies in regulatory compliance.Kotak Mahindra Bank was fined ₹4 lakh for non-compliance with RBI guidelines related to loan system delivery and statutory restrictions on loans and advances.IDFC First Bank received a penalty of ₹6 lakh for violating RBI’s Know Your Customer (KYC) norms.Punjab National Bank was penalized ₹6 lakh for lapses in following RBI directions on customer service in banks.

 

 

Daily GK Update- 19th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. SECL to Become First Coal PSU to Use Paste Fill Technology for Mining: South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL) is set to become the first coal PSU in India to adopt paste fill technology for coal mining, marking a major step toward sustainable and environmentally friendly mining practices.To implement this innovative underground mining technology, SECL has signed a Rs. 7040 crore agreement with TMC Mineral Resources Private Limited.Under this agreement, large-scale coal production will be undertaken using paste fill technology in the Singhali underground coal mine located in SECL’s Korba area. Over a period of 25 years, the project is expected to produce approximately 8.4 million tonnes (84.5 lakh tonnes) of coal.CMD of SECL – Harish Duhan

 

2. Centre notifies rules for Radar equipment for the measurement of the speed of vehicles: The Ministry of Consumer Affairs has notified new rules under the Legal Metrology (General) Rules, 2011, mandating verification and stamping of radar-based speed measurement devices to enhance road safety and enforcement accuracy.These rules will come into effect from July 1, 2025, giving sufficient time for industries and enforcement agencies to align with the new regulatory requirements.The regulations apply to microwave Doppler radar equipment, widely used to measure vehicle speeds, and include specifications for technical standards, calibration, tamper protection, and environmental stability.The initiative is a move toward data-driven traffic governance, aiming to reduce road accidents, promote disciplined driving, and minimise social and economic losses related to road mishaps and infrastructure damage.

 

3. Arvind Shrivastava Appointed as New Revenue Secretary in Major Bureaucratic Reshuffle: The central government has appointed senior IAS officer Arvind Shrivastava (1994 batch, Karnataka cadre) as the new Revenue Secretary, shifting him from the Prime Minister’s Office to the Ministry of Finance. The reshuffle also includes key appointments:Anuradha Thakur as Secretary, Department of Economic AffairsVumlunmang Vualnam as Secretary, Department of ExpenditureVivek Aggarwal as Secretary, Ministry of CultureSantosh Kumar Sarangi as Secretary, Ministry of New and Renewable EnergyRajesh Agarwal as Special Secretary, Department of CommerceSamir Kumar Sinha as Secretary, Ministry of Civil AviationVandana Gurnana as Secretary, Ministry of Labour and EmploymentRakesh Kumar Verma as Director General, India International Institute of Democracy and Election Management

 

4. Government Appoints Four Senior IRS Officers as Members of the CBDT: The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has approved the appointment of four 1989-batch Indian Revenue Service (IRS) officers as Members of the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT).The new CBDT members are Pankaj Kumar Mishra, Sanjay Bahadur, L. Rajasekhar Reddy, and G. Aparna Rao, each previously holding senior income tax roles across different regions.These appointments fill key vacancies in the CBDT, which oversees the implementation of direct tax laws and policy formulation in India.The move comes as the government aims to boost tax compliance and widen the tax base, with experienced officers leading these strategic efforts.

 

5. Compilation of PM Modi’s Speeches on Culture ‘Sanskriti Ka Paanchva Adhyay’ Launched: A book titled Sanskriti Ka Paanchva Adhyay, which is a compilation of speeches delivered by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on various occasions, was launched in New Delhi.The head of the Juna Akhara, Acharya Mahamandaleshwar Swami Avdheshanand Giri, launched the book.Presiding over the event, Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, Harivansh, lauded Prime Minister Modi’s efforts in preserving the country’s culture, traditions, spiritual values, and cultural heritage.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Bhagavad Gita and Natyashastra added to UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register: The Shrimad Bhagavad Gita (a noted Hindu scripture) and Natyashastra (Indian treatise on performing arts) have been officially included in UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register, recognising their exceptional universal value and global significance.The UNESCO Memory of the World Register honours documentary heritage that is deemed to hold exceptional universal value. It includes texts, manuscripts, and documents that have significantly shaped human history and continue to influence generations.The Shrimad Bhagavad Gita, part of the Mahabharata, is a profound spiritual text composed of 700 verses that address crucial philosophical questions on life, duty, and devotion.The Natyashastra, attributed to Bharat Muni, serves as the foundational text for Indian performing arts, including theatre, dance, and music, influencing classical art forms for centuries. These works have become the basis for not only India’s cultural practices but also its modes of thought, expression, and living.

 

2. 19 April – World Liver Day: World Liver Day is observed every year on 19 April to spread awareness about liver health and prevent liver-related diseases.Theme 2025 – Food is Medicine

The liver performs over 500 vital functions, including detoxifying the blood, producing bile, and regulating metabolism.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. EUNAVFOR Operation ATALANTA: Operation ATALANTA commenced in 2008. Its initial focus was on combating piracy and armed robbery off the Somali coast. Over the years, the operation has evolved. It now protects World Food Programme vessels and monitors illegal activities such as drug trafficking and unregulated fishing. The operation is crucial for ensuring maritime security in the region.EUNAVFOR Operation ATALANTA collaborates with various international entities. It works closely with missions like EUCAP-Somalia and EUTM-Somalia. The operation also liaises with regional maritime information centres to enhance security. This cooperation is essential for addressing the root causes of piracy.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. India finished 6th Asian U-18 Athletics Championship 2025 with 11 medals: The Indian athletes concluded their campaign at the 6th Asian U18 Athletics Championship 2025 with 11 medals: one gold, five silver, and five bronze.The 6th Asian U18 Athletics Championship was organised by the Asian Athletics Association at the Prince Naif Bin Abdulaziz Sports City, Saudi Arabia.In the 5th edition of the Asian U18 Athletics Championships held at Tashkent, Uzbekistan in 2023, India won 24 medals.Athletes below the age of 18 years from 31 Asian countries participated in the event.Hinmanshu won the solitary gold for India in the 6th U18 Asian Championship in the javelin throw event. His opening throw of 67.57 meters was good enough to fetch him gold ahead of China’s Lu Hao.It was the first time India won a gold medal in the boys’ javelin throw event in the Asian U18 Athletics Championship.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. What is Paste Fill Technology?: Paste filling is a modern underground mining method that eliminates the need to acquire surface land. After coal extraction, the mined-out voids are filled with a specially prepared paste made from fly ash, crushed overburden from opencast mines, cement, water, and binding chemicals. This process prevents land subsidence and ensures the structural stability of the mine.Importantly, the paste utilizes industrial waste materials, making the process environmentally sustainable and promoting waste recycling.

 

2. India Showcases Digital Innovation and Skilling Leadership at GITEX Africa 2025: India participated in Africa’s largest tech and startup show, GITEX Africa 2025, held in Marrakesh, Morocco.The event provided a platform for policy leaders, changemakers, and visionaries to collectively discuss and deliberate on opportunities for collaboration and to advance the imperative of inclusive and equitable growth in the global economy.Minister of State for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, Jayant Chaudhary, represented the Republic of India at the summit. He participated in high-level bilateral meetings, panel discussions, and interacted with Indian startups showcasing their innovations.

 

3. Tamil Nadu and Gujarat Space Policies for 2025: The Tamil Nadu Cabinet recently approved the Tamil Nadu Space Industrial Policy 2025. This policy aims to position the state as a leader in space innovation and high-value manufacturing. It follows the draft policy released in July 2024, which has undergone revisions. Gujarat has also introduced its SpaceTech Policy for 2025-2030, becoming the first state of India with a dedicated space sector policy.The Tamil Nadu policy includes a capital subsidy of up to 20% for eligible businesses. It also introduces a ‘Space Tech Fund’ with an allocation of ₹10 crore to support start-ups in the space technology field. Additional facilities for satellite testing and skill development will be established in Chennai. This comprehensive approach aims to strengthen Tamil Nadu’s position as a hub for space tech.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Govt procures 3,40,000 tonnes of tur under price support scheme: The government has procured 3,40,000 tonnes of tur (pigeon pea) under the Price Support Scheme (PSS) to support farmers, with Karnataka contributing the largest share at 1,30,000 tonnes.The minimum support price (MSP) for tur is set at Rs 7,550 per quintal, and farmers in Karnataka are receiving an additional state bonus of Rs 450 per quintal above the MSP.The government aims to maintain a buffer stock of 10 lakh tonnes of tur to regulate market prices and prevent price hikes.Other contributing states include Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana and Uttar Pradesh.The government has also procured 17,000 tonnes of chana (gram) primarily from Telangana and Madhya Pradesh.In Budget 2025, the government committed to 100 per cent procurement of tur, masur and urad relative to state production through central agencies until 2028-29.

 

RBI and FIU-IND Join Forces to Tackle Money Laundering: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Financial Intelligence Unit-India (FIU-IND) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to strengthen collaboration for implementing the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) and its rules more effectively.The MoU facilitates cooperation through sharing of relevant intelligence from their databases and enhancing Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Combating Financing of Terrorism (CFT) skills among regulated entities.RBI and FIU-IND will jointly conduct outreach and training for regulated institutions and assess money laundering and terror financing risks across various financial sub-sectors.

Director of FIU-IND – Vivek Aggarwal

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. MacGregor Memorial Medal Awards: The MacGregor Memorial Medal is a prestigious award recognising exceptional contributions in military reconnaissance and adventure. Recently, five military personnel received this honour for their achievements in 2023 and 2024. The award ceremony took place at the United Service Institution of India, presided over by Chief of Defence Staff General Anil Chauhan.Instituted on July 3, 1888, the MacGregor Memorial Medal commemorates Major General Sir Charles Metcalfe MacGregor, the founder of the United Service Institution of India. Initially, the medal aimed to honour military reconnaissance and exploratory journeys. In 1986, its scope expanded to include military expeditions and adventure activities.