Daily GK Update- 28th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

Ashwini Vaishnaw launches Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme Guidelines & Online Portal: Electronics and IT Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw has launched the Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme Guidelines and the Online portal in New Delhi.This scheme, with a funding of 22 thousand 919 crore rupees to make India Atmanirbhar in the electronics supply chain. The guidelines have been formulated with intense industry consultation.The scheme will be open to receive applications from 1st May through the online portal.The Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme aims to develop a robust component ecosystem by attracting large investments in the electronics component manufacturing ecosystem, increasing Domestic Value addition by integrating Indian companies with Global Value Chains.

 

“A Doll Made Up of Clay” from SRFTI Selected for La Cinef at 78th Cannes Film Festival 2025: “A Doll Made Up of Clay,” a student film from Satyajit Ray Film & Television Institute (SRFTI), has been officially selected for the prestigious La Cinef section at the 78th Festival de Cannes 2025, marking a major milestone for Indian cinema education.The 23-minute experimental film narrates the emotional journey of a young Nigerian athlete facing displacement, injury, and cultural reconnection while stranded in India.Produced by Sahil Manoj Ingle (India) and directed by Kokob Gebrehaweria Tesfay (Ethiopia), the film exemplifies SRFTI’s commitment to global cinematic storytelling and innovation.Faculty and creators celebrate the Cannes selection as a testament to resilience, cross-cultural vision, and the global spirit thriving within SRFTI’s educational environment.

 

Hardeep Singh Puri & Delhi CM to launch Ayushman Vay Vandana Cards Delhiites: Union Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas, Hardeep Singh Puri, along with Delhi Chief Minister Rekha Gupta has launched the Ayushman Vay Vandana Cards for Delhiites in New Delhi.

The scheme provides 5 lakh rupees free health cover to all senior citizens aged 70 years and above, irrespective of their socio-economic status.The senior citizens aged 70 years and above belonging to families already covered under AB PM-JAY get an additional top-up cover of up to 5 lakh rupees per year for themselves.

 

Home Credit India Appoints Vivek Singh as New Chief Executive Officer to Drive Growth: Home Credit India has appointed Vivek Singh as its new Chief Executive Officer (CEO), strengthening its leadership team to drive the next phase of growth.Vivek Singh brings extensive experience in consumer finance, banking, and financial services, having worked with leading organisations before joining Home Credit India.As CEO, Singh is expected to focus on expanding Home Credit’s digital capabilities, customer-centric offerings, and sustainable business growth in the Indian market.

 

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Sayani Das Becomes First Indian Woman to Cross the North Channel: Sayani Das became the first Indian woman to cross the North Channel, completing the 38 km swim in 13 hours and 22 minutes from Northern Ireland to Scotland.This swim marks the fifth open water channel swim conquered by Sayani, who aims to complete the Oceans Seven challenge, which includes seven of the toughest swims worldwide.To prepare for the frigid 13°C waters of the North Channel, Sayani endured ice baths as part of her training, dunking herself in a drum filled with 20-30 kg of ice for up to an hour daily.

 

2.11th BRICS Labour & Employment Ministers’ Meeting 2025 Adopts Declaration Under Brazilian Presidency: Union Minister of State for Labour & Employment, Sushri Shobha Karandlaje, led the Indian delegation at the BRICS Labour & Employment Ministers’ Meeting held under Brazil’s Presidency in Brasília.The meeting, convened under the slogan “Strengthening the Cooperation of the Global South for More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance”, culminated in the adoption of a forward-looking declaration addressing two pivotal themes: “Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Future of Work” and “The Impacts of Climate Change on the World of Work and a Just Transition”.India’s achievement of reduction in GHG emissions (2020–2019) and its net-zero by 2070 pledge reinforced its climate leadership.

 

3.Neeraj Kumar Gupta Appointed Chairman and Public Interest Director of NSE International Exchange: NSE International Exchange (NSE IX) at GIFT City appointed Neeraj Kumar Gupta (Retd. IAS) as its Chairman and Public Interest Director, after approval by the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA).Neeraj Kumar Gupta, a 1982-batch IAS officer (UP cadre), previously served as Secretary, Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (DIPAM) and later as Central Information Commissioner until 2023.Gupta was instrumental in shaping three Union Budgets (2016–2018), promoting the digital economy, and leading major initiatives in government investment management, equity listings, divestments, ETFs, and capital market reforms.

 

4.26 April – International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day: International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day is observed on April 26 to commemorate the 1986 nuclear disaster.The day honors the victims of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster and raises awareness about the devastating consequences of nuclear accidents.On 8 December 2016 the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution designating 26 April as International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day. An explosion at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 1986 spread a radioactive cloud over large parts of the Soviet Union, now the territories of Belarus, Ukraine and the Russian Federation.

 

5. 26 April – World Intellectual Property Day: World Intellectual Property Day is celebrated every year on 26 April to highlight the importance of intellectual property (IP) — like patents, copyrights, trademarks, and designs — in promoting innovation and creativity.Theme 2025 – IP and Music: Feel the Beat of IPThe day was established by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in 2000. The date, 26 April, marks the day when the WIPO Convention came into force in 1970.

 

6.28 April – World Day for Safety and Health at Work: World Day for Safety and Health at Work is observed every year on April 28 to promote the prevention of occupational accidents and diseases.The day is marked globally to raise awareness about the importance of creating safe and healthy workplaces, and it highlights efforts to reduce work-related injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.Theme 2025 – Revolutionising Health and Safety: The Role of AI and Digitalisation at Work

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Military Spending Disparities Between India and Pakistan: In 2024, India’s military spending reached USD 86.1 billion, ranking fifth globally. This expenditure has surged by 42 per cent since 2015. India aims to reduce its dependence on foreign arms imports. The government has allocated 75 per cent of capital outlays for domestic military procurement. This policy has allowed India to produce armoured vehicles, helicopters, and submarines, although it still relies on imports for advanced systems like combat aircraft. Pakistan’s military spending in 2024 was USD 10.2 billion, placing it at the 29th position worldwide. This figure represents only 11.84 per cent of India’s military expenditure. The low spending reflects Pakistan’s limited resources in comparison to India. The disparity in military budgets raises concerns about regional security and stability.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Brazil to host the 10th edition of FIFA Women’s World Cup 2027: Brazil will host the 10th edition of Women’s World Cup in 2027, marking the first time the tournament takes place in South America.Australia and New Zealand jointly hosted the 9th edition of the FIFA Women’s World Cup in 2023. It was won by Spain, defeating England in the final.Football powerhouse Brazil had previously hosted the FIFA Men’s World Cup in 1950 and 2014.

 

2.India dominates Asian Yogasana Sport Championship with record 83 gold medals: India delivered a dominant performance at the Asian Yogasana Sport Championship, securing a record 83 gold medals to top the medal tally at the event in Delhi.The hosts also won three silver and one bronze medal to end with 87 medals, finishing well ahead of Japan, which claimed three gold, three silver and four bronze medals.Mongolia, Oman and Nepal rounded off the top five standings. Countries such as Uzbekistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Kazakhstan and Bhutan also showcased strong performances, highlighting the growing footprint of yogasana as a competitive sport across Asia.The championship saw participation from over 21 countries, including Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Uzbekistan.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Into Proton Adsorption for Green Hydrogen Production: BIEFs arise at the interface of different materials, particularly in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) p-n heterojunctions. These fields create an asymmetric electronic environment. This asymmetry is crucial as it influences charge distribution at the junction. The resulting built-in potential enhances proton dynamics during adsorption and desorption. Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that helps evaluate the maximum work obtainable from a system. In the context of hydrogen production, it is essential for understanding proton adsorption. The difference in work functions between two materials drives charge redistribution, establishing the built-in potential. This potential directly impacts the Gibbs free energy of adsorption.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Kumar Mangalam Birla received Lata Deenanath Mangeshkar Award 2025: Kumar Mangalam Birla received the Lata Deenanath Mangeshkar Award for his visionary leadership, alongside other notable honourees in Mumbai.The 57-year-old industrialist, Padma Bhushan awardee and Chairman of the Aditya Birla Group, is being honoured for his pivotal role in shaping India’s growth story.This year, the award will also be presented to several notable individuals, including actors Shraddha Kapoor, Sunil Shetty, Sachin Pilgaonkar, Sonali Kulkarni, and violinist Dr N Rajam. The event marks the 83rd Memorial Day of Pandit Deenanath Mangeshkar.While Sunil Shetty and Shraddha Kapoor will be felicitated for their impactful contributions to Indian cinema, Sonali Kulkarni will be honoured for her distinguished body of work that bridges theatre and film, reflecting emotional depth and cultural richness.The Lata Deenanath Mangeshkar Puraskar was instituted in 2022 in memory of the late legendary singer. It is organised by the Master Deenanath Mangeshkar Smruti Pratishthan.

 

2. National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation (NICDC) honoured with Udyog Vikas Award: The National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation (NICDC) received the prestigious Udyog Vikas Award at the Udyog Vikas event in Kerala, recognizing its contribution to industrial development.Shri Bhupathi Raju Srinivasa Varma highlighted the transformational potential of the Palakkad Integrated Manufacturing Cluster (IMC), set to reshape Kerala’s infrastructure and the broader southern region’s industrial landscape.The 1,710-acre Palakkad Industrial Smart City offers excellent connectivity through road, rail, and air, making it a key industrial hub for South India, fostering investments, employment, and regional innovation.

 

Daily GK Update- 27th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. NIFTEM-Kundli hosts the 2nd edition of SUFALAM 2025: The National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship, and Management (NIFTEM), hosted the second edition of SUFALAM (Start-Up Forum for Aspiring Leaders and Mentors) 2025 on its campus in Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana.The Union Minister for Food Processing Industries, Chirag Paswan, inaugurated the 2nd edition of SUFALAM 2025 on 25th April 2025.The SUFALAM conclave aims to strengthen India’s food processing sector through innovation, entrepreneurship, and collaboration.

 

2. PM Modi inaugurates the India Steel 2025 being held in Mumbai: Prime Minister Narendra Modi virtually inaugurated the 6th edition of India Steel 2025, being held in Mumbai, Maharashtra.The first India Steel exhibition cum conference was organised in 2013.The India Steel exhibition-cum-conference was organised by the Union Ministry of Steel in collaboration with the Federation of India Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI).The theme of India Steel 2025 was “Shaping the Future of Steel: Driving Capacity Augmentation, Sustainability, Digitalisation, and Downstream Applications.”

 

3. Tripura Launches Garia and Borsho Boron Utsav 2025 to Celebrate Indigenous Culture: Tripura Chief Minister Manik Saha inaugurated the Garia and Borsho Boron Utsav 2025, a two-day cultural celebration held at Swami Vivekananda Maidan in Agartala.Organised by the Department of Information and Cultural Affairs, in collaboration with local bodies, the festival celebrates the rich cultural traditions of Tripura—particularly the Garia Puja observed by the Tripuri and Reang communities.Garia Puja is a sacred ritual dedicated to Lord Mahadev (Shiva) and is believed to bring peace, prosperity, and happiness to the people.

 

4. Jitendra Srivastava Appointed Chairman and Managing Director of REC Limited: Jitendra Srivastava has been appointed as the Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of REC Limited, a leading public infrastructure finance company in the power sector.His appointment was approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), and he will serve at the Additional Secretary rank under the Ministry of Power.He succeeds Vivek Kumar Dewangan, whose tenure as CMD concluded last month.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. CSIR-IMMT Strengthens Indo-Russian Collaboration with Strategic JDIs on Critical Mineral Research: CSIR-IMMT signed two Joint Declarations of Intent (JDIs) with Russian institutions—JSC Giredmet (Rosatom) and NUST MISIS—to boost collaboration in critical mineral research and sustainable resource development.The agreements were signed by Dr. Ramanuj Narayan, Director of CSIR-IMMT, with counterparts Dr. Andrei I. Golinei and Dr. Michael R. Filonov, with coordination from top scientists from both nations.Anoop Kumar Srivastava, Counsellor at the Indian Embassy in Moscow, endorsed the initiative, highlighting the significance of Indo-Russian cooperation in mineral technologies.

 

2. IISc Bengaluru Tops India in Times Higher Education Asia Rankings 2025: The Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, has been ranked as the best University in India in the Times Higher Education ‘s Asia University Rankings 2025.IISc Bengaluru was ranked 38th in Asia with an overall score of 65.2, while Tsinghua University of China, with a score of 93, was the top-ranked higher educational institution in Asia. Tsinghua University was also the top-ranked Asian University in 2024The Times Higher Education’s Asia University Ranking 2025 ranked 853 universities from 35 countries and territories in Asia.These universities were ranked based on 18 performance indicators in Research Quality, Industry, Research Environment, Teaching, and International Outlook.

 

3. 25 April – World Penguin Day: World Penguin Day is celebrated every year on 25 April to raise awareness about the conservation of penguins and their natural habitats.This special day is dedicated to raising awareness about penguins, the adorable flightless birds that live mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in Antarctica.Penguins are not just cute animals seen in cartoons or movies; they are an essential part of our ecosystem and face many challenges due to climate change and human activities.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. India’s 5-Point Action Plan Post Pahalgam Terror Attack: In response to a devastating terrorist attack in Pahalgam, India has initiated retaliatory actions against Pakistan. The attack resulted in the deaths of 26 individuals, including a foreign national, and has been linked to militant groups operating from Pakistan. The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) convened to address the situation and announced a five-point action plan targeting Pakistan’s diplomatic and military presence. CCS meetings have been convened during critical events in India’s history, including wars and terrorist incidents. For instance, meetings were held during the Kargil conflict and the hijacking of IC 814. Such meetings are typically confidential, with details emerging later through memoirs and writings.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. South Asian Tree Shrews: Recent research by the Zoological Survey of India has transformed the understanding of South Asian tree shrews. This study, published in the journal Ecology and Evolution, challenges previous classifications and marks the need for targeted conservation efforts. It uncovered morphological distinctions among these small mammals, which have often been misidentified due to their resemblance to other species. Tree shrews belong to the order Scandentia. They are not true shrews or squirrels. These mammals possess unique features such as elongated snouts and moist nasal pads. Their diet primarily consists of insects and fruits. Tree shrews play a vital role in forest ecosystems as seed dispersers and insect predators.

 

2. Lunar Nuclear Power Plant: China and Russia are collaborating on an ambitious project to establish a nuclear power plant on the Moon. This initiative aims to support the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS), a joint lunar research base. The ILRS is designed to enhance lunar exploration and facilitate long-term human presence on the Moon. The ILRS will also focus on developing robust communication networks. High-speed communication systems will be established on the Moon. These networks will facilitate data transfer between the Moon and Earth. Efficient communication is essential for coordinating research efforts and future missions.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Capital India Finance Limited Lists on National Stock Exchange (NSE): Capital India Finance Limited, a leading non-banking financial company, has marked a significant milestone by listing its equity shares on the National Stock Exchange of India.This strategic development reflects the company’s commitment to enhancing long-term shareholder value and increasing accessibility for a wider investor base.Previously, Capital India Finance Limited shares were available only on the Bombay Stock Exchange. Now, they can also be traded on the National Stock Exchange under the same ticker symbol, CIFL. This dual listing is expected to provide broader visibility among a larger investor base and improve market participation.Capital India Corp Private Limited holds 72.95 per cent of CIFL’s equity.

 

2. RBI Imposes Penalties on Indian Bank and Mahindra Finance for Regulatory Non-Compliance: RBI imposed a penalty of ₹61 crore on Indian Bank for violating provisions of the Banking Regulation Act and non-compliance related to interest rates on advances, the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Scheme, and MSME lending guidelines.Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services Ltd was fined ₹30 lakh by RBI for failing to comply with NBFC regulatory directions and Know Your Customer (KYC) norms under the 2016 framework.RBI clarified that these penalties are for regulatory compliance deficiencies and do not affect the validity of customer transactions or agreements.

 

3. Sunil Mittal included in World Bank’s Private Sector Investment Lab: Chairperson of Bharti Enterprises, Sunil Bharti Mittal, has been included in the World Bank’s Private Sector Investment Lab initiative.The inclusion of Sunil Bharti Mittal and three other private sector chief executive officers (CEO) was announced by the World Bank at its meeting of the Private Sector Investment Lab in Washington, D.C.Bharti Enterprises becomes the second Indian company to be included in the Private Sector Initiative after Tata Sons.

 

 

 

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Akashvani wins six awards at India Audio Summit and Awards 2025: Akashvani won a total of six awards in various categories at the India Audio Summit and Awards 2025. The third edition of the awards, which recognise excellence in radio and audio content production, was held in Mumbai last night.Among the top accolades for Akashvani, former Union Minister Smriti Irani’s programme ‘Nai Soch Nai Kahani – A Radio Journey with Smriti Irani’ was named Series of the Year on radio.Other award-winning programmes include ‘Chhayageet’, which won in the Best Late Night Show category; ‘Ujale Unki Yadon Ke’, named Best Celebrity Show on Air; and ‘Safarcast’, which clinched the award for Best Travel Show. Akashvani also bagged the award for the Best Interstitial, showcasing its creative excellence in short-form audio content.

Director General of Akashvani – Dr Pragya Paliwal Gaur

 

Daily GK Update- 26th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Tripura Launches Garia and Borsho Boron Utsav 2025 to Celebrate Indigenous Culture: Tripura Chief Minister Manik Saha inaugurated the Garia and Borsho Boron Utsav 2025, a two-day cultural celebration held at Swami Vivekananda Maidan in Agartala.Organised by the Department of Information and Cultural Affairs, in collaboration with local bodies, the festival celebrates the rich cultural traditions of Tripura—particularly the Garia Puja observed by the Tripuri and Reang communities.Garia Puja is a sacred ritual dedicated to Lord Mahadev (Shiva) and is believed to bring peace, prosperity, and happiness to the people.

 

2. Action Plan 2025 for the River Cities Alliance: Reently, the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) has approved a national plan for the River Cities Alliance (RCA). This plan lays out clear steps to be taken throughout the year. It includes training programs, sharing of ideas, creating technical tools, expert advice, and case studies — all aimed at helping India’s cities grow while efficiently managing their rivers. The River Cities Alliance (RCA) is initiative aimed at promoting sustainable urban river management in India. Established in 2021, it is a collaborative effort by the Ministry of Jal Shakti and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. The RCA currently comprises 145 cities, focusing on integrating river-sensitive urban planning into urban development.

 

3. Krishna River Faces Severe Drought Issues: The river has started drying up earlier than usual, impacting agriculture and drinking water supply in the region. The situation has prompted urgent appeals for water releases from neighbouring Maharashtra. The Krishna River is one of India’s longest rivers, spanning approximately 1,400 kilometres. It plays important role in supporting agriculture and ecosystems across western and southern India. The river’s basin is predominantly agricultural, with 75.86% of the area cultivated. Drought has become a pressing issue, particularly in Kalyan Karnataka. The river’s drying up in April has devastated crops.  Although drinking water is supplied by the government, the agricultural crisis remains dire.

 

4. Similipal National Park: Similipal was initially proposed for national park status in 1980. The area has a rich biodiversity, including numerous species of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. The region was previously designated as a wildlife sanctuary in 1975. The long-awaited national park status is seen as a very important moment in Odisha’s conservation history. Similipal is home to 55 species of mammals, 361 species of birds, 62 species of reptiles, and 21 species of amphibians. The park encompasses portion of the Similipal Tiger Reserve, which covers 2,750 square kilometres. The core critical tiger habitat was notified in 2007, covering 1,194.75 square kilometres.

 

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. NIFTEM-Kundli hosts the 2nd edition of SUFALAM 2025: The National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship, and Management (NIFTEM), hosted the second edition of SUFALAM (Start-Up Forum for Aspiring Leaders and Mentors) 2025 on its campus in Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana.The Union Minister for Food Processing Industries, Chirag Paswan, inaugurated the 2nd edition of SUFALAM 2025 on 25th April 2025.The SUFALAM conclave aims to strengthen India’s food processing sector through innovation, entrepreneurship, and collaboration.

 

2. South Asian Tree Shrews: Recent research by the Zoological Survey of India has transformed the understanding of South Asian tree shrews. This study, published in the journal Ecology and Evolution, challenges previous classifications and marks the need for targeted conservation efforts. It uncovered morphological distinctions among these small mammals, which have often been misidentified due to their resemblance to other species. Tree shrews belong to the order Scandentia. They are not true shrews or squirrels. These mammals possess unique features such as elongated snouts and moist nasal pads. Their diet primarily consists of insects and fruits. Tree shrews play a vital role in forest ecosystems as seed dispersers and insect predators.

 

3. Cholistan Canal Project: The Cholistan Canal Project is part of Pakistan’s Green Pakistan Initiative, aimed at transforming the Cholistan Desert into arable land. The project includes the construction of six canals to irrigate over 1.2 million acres in southern Punjab. It is expected to enhance food security, create jobs, and develop agricultural hubs. The project is backed by the Pakistan Army and aims to increase agricultural productivity. The project has faced backlash, particularly from the Sindh province. Sindh leaders argue that the canals violate the 1991 Water Apportionment Accord, which allocates water rights among provinces. The Sindh Assembly has passed resolutions opposing the project, denoting the growing inter-provincial tensions.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. INS Surat Tests MRSAM: The MRSAM is a high-response missile system with a range of approximately 70 km. It employs dual guidance systems, which include command and active radar seeker technologies. The missile is capable of intercepting missiles, aircraft, guided bombs, and helicopters. Its features include a dual pulse solid motor and a proximity fuse for the warhead, ensuring effective engagement of targets. The successful test of the MRSAM by INS Surat marks a milestone in India’s naval capabilities. It marks the country’s progress in indigenous warship design and development. This achievement puts stress on India’s growing prowess in military technology.

 

2. India’s 5-Point Action Plan Post Pahalgam Terror Attack: In response to a devastating terrorist attack in Pahalgam, India has initiated retaliatory actions against Pakistan. The attack resulted in the deaths of 26 individuals, including a foreign national, and has been linked to militant groups operating from Pakistan. The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) convened to address the situation and announced a five-point action plan targeting Pakistan’s diplomatic and military presence. CCS meetings have been convened during critical events in India’s history, including wars and terrorist incidents. For instance, meetings were held during the Kargil conflict and the hijacking of IC 814. Such meetings are typically confidential, with details emerging later through memoirs and writings.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Lunar Nuclear Power Plant: China and Russia are collaborating on an ambitious project to establish a nuclear power plant on the Moon. This initiative aims to support the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS), a joint lunar research base. The ILRS is designed to enhance lunar exploration and facilitate long-term human presence on the Moon. Power supply is crucial for the ILRS. China and Russia are exploring various energy sources. Solar energy, radioisotope generators, and nuclear power are all potential options. Russia’s expertise in nuclear technology gives it a competitive edge. Plans include building a nuclear reactor on the Moon’s surface by 2035. This reactor will ensure a reliable energy source for the research station.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Sunil Mittal included in World Bank’s Private Sector Investment Lab: Chairperson of Bharti Enterprises, Sunil Bharti Mittal, has been included in the World Bank’s Private Sector Investment Lab initiative.The inclusion of Sunil Bharti Mittal and three other private sector chief executive officers (CEO) was announced by the World Bank at its meeting of the Private Sector Investment Lab in Washington, D.C.Bharti Enterprises becomes the second Indian company to be included in the Private Sector Initiative after Tata Sons.

 

2. World Bank lowers India’s FY26 growth forecast to 6.3%: The World Bank has lowered India’s growth forecast for the current fiscal by 4 percentage points to 6.3% amid global economic weakness and policy uncertainty.In its previous estimate, the World Bank had projected India’s growth at 6.7% for the fiscal year 2025-26.In India, growth in FY24/25 disappointed because of slower growth in private investment and public capital expenditures that did not meet government targets, the World Bank said in its twice-yearly regional outlook.

 

3. Finance Ministry Brings I4C Under PMLA: The Revenue Department, under the Ministry of Finance, has brought I4C under Section 66 of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act. This move will enable I4C to exchange information with the Enforcement Directorate and other law enforcement agencies, helping to trace and identify the masterminds behind cyber frauds. This partnership is vital for tracking money trails linked to cyber fraud. The ED can now initiate actions against offenders under the anti-money laundering law. This step is crucial as cyber frauds often involve complex financial networks.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Dr K Kasturirangan: Born on October 24, 1940, in Ernakulam, Kerala, Dr Kasturirangan completed his Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees in Physics from Bombay University. He earned his Doctorate in Experimental High Energy Astronomy in 1971 from the Physical Research Laboratory in Ahmedabad. His academic pursuits laid the foundation for his illustrious career in astrophysics. Dr Kasturirangan received numerous accolades for his contributions to science and education. He was awarded the Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Vibhushan, India’s prestigious civilian honours.

 

Daily GK Update- 25th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. PM Modi launches development works worth over Rs 13,480 crore in Madhubani: Prime Minister Narendra Modi has inaugurated, laid the foundation stone and dedicated to the nation multiple development projects worth over Rs 13,480 crore in Madhubani, Bihar on the occasion of National Panchayati Raj Day.PM laid the foundation stone of an LPG bottling plant with a rail unloading facility at Hathua in Gopalganj District of Bihar worth around Rs 340 crore.This will help in streamlining the supply chain and improving the efficiency of bulk LPG transportation.Boosting power infrastructure in the region, Prime Minister laid the foundation stone for projects worth over Rs 1,170 crore and also inaugurated multiple projects worth over Rs 5,030 crore in the power sector in Bihar under the Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme.

 

2. J P Nadda launches National Zero Measles-Rubella Elimination Campaign: Union Health Minister J.P. Nadda has launched the National Zero Measles-Rubella Elimination Campaign 2025–26, reaffirming India’s goal to eliminate both diseases by 2026, with multilingual awareness materials released across States and UTs.India currently has 93.7% first-dose and 92.2% second-dose MR vaccine coverage; 332 districts reported zero measles cases, and 487 districts reported zero rubella cases between Jan–Mar 2025, earning global recognition with the Measles and Rubella Champion Award in 2024.The campaign emphasises over 95% MR vaccine coverage in all districts, rapid outbreak response, robust surveillance through IDSP, and inter-departmental coordination with a strong focus on public awareness to counter vaccine hesitancy.

 

3. AIIMS Raipur successfully performs first swap kidney transplant: AIIMS Raipur has successfully performed its first Swap Kidney Transplant, also known as a Kidney Paired Transplant.With this achievement, AIIMS Raipur became the first among the newer AIIMS institutions and the first government hospital in Chhattisgarh to carry out this complex and life-saving procedure.This significant milestone underscores the institute’s commitment to advancing healthcare and providing innovative treatment solutions for patients suffering from end-stage kidney disease. It is estimated that Swap Kidney Transplant lead to a 15 per cent increase in the number of transplants.Recognising its potential, the National Organisation and Tissue Transplant Organisation (NOTTO) has recommended for the implementation of Swap donor transplantation to all the states and Union Territories, which could increase the number of donors.

 

4. CCI Approves Bharat Forge’s 100% Acquisition of AAM India with Modifications, Including e-Axle Asset Transfer: The Competition Commission of India approved the acquisition of 100% equity shareholding of AAM India Manufacturing Corporation Pvt. Ltd. (AAMCPL) by Bharat Forge Limited (BFL), subject to voluntary modifications offered by the parties.BFL is a global manufacturer of forged components and critical solutions for sectors like automotive, defence, aerospace, oil & gas, and more. Its promoters (BNK Family) also have stakes in joint ventures with Meritor Heavy Vehicle Systems (now part of Cummins Inc.).AAMCPL is engaged in the manufacture and sale of axles for commercial vehicles in India. Before the acquisition, certain business divisions (like the Pune IT office and export components business) will be hived off to affiliates of its parent company, AAM Holdco (USA).

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India decides to suspend visa services to Pak nationals with immediate effect and more: Immediate suspension of visa services for Pakistani nationals: India has halted all visa services to Pakistanis and has asked those currently in India to leave within 48 hours.SAARC Visa Exemption Scheme suspended: The 1992 scheme that allowed special visas for 24 categories of dignitaries from SAARC countries, including Pakistan, has been suspended for Pakistani nationals.

 

2. Indus Water Treaty suspended: India has suspended the 1960 Indus Water Treaty with Pakistan, demanding an end to Pakistan’s support for cross-border terrorism.Closure of Attari Integrated Check Post (ICP): India has closed the Attari Land Port, the only land trade and movement route between India and Pakistan, halting bilateral trade and cross-border movement.Reduction in Pakistan High Commission staff: India will reduce the Pakistani diplomatic staff strength from 55 to 30 by May 1, 2025. No Indian High Commissioner has been posted in Pakistan since 2019.

 

3. 24-30 April – World Immunization Week: World Immunization Week is observed globally from April 24th to 30th each year to raise awareness about the importance of vaccination in preventing deadly diseases.Theme 2025 – Immunization for All is Humanly PossibleThe goal of this week is to highlight the role of immunization in protecting people of all ages from preventable diseases and to encourage the use of vaccines to save lives.

 

4. 24 April 2025 – International Girls in ICT Day 2025: International Girls in ICT Day is observed every fourth Thursday of April, and in 2025, it falls on April 24.The day is celebrated to encourage girls and young women to pursue careers in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). It aims to bridge the gender digital divide and promote greater female participation in STEM fields.Theme 2025 – Girls in ICT for inclusive digital transformation

 

5. 24 April – International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace: International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace is observed every year on 24 April.The day was designated by the UN General Assembly through resolution A/RES/73/127 in 2018, with the first observance on April 24, 2019.

 

6. 25 April – World Malaria Day: World Malaria Day is observed annually on April 25th.Objective: To raise awareness about the global efforts to control and eliminate malaria, a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted through the bites of infected femaleAnopheles mosquitoes.Theme for 2025: Malaria ends with us: Reinvest, Reimagine, Reignite

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. M4 Carbine Assault Rifles: Recent events in Kashmir have brought into light the alarming use of M4 carbine assault rifles by terrorists. This pattern raises concerns regarding security in the region. The recent attack in Pahalgam, where gunmen armed with M4 carbines and AK-47s targeted tourists, has drawn attention to the origins of these American-made weapons. The M4 carbine is a lightweight, gas-operated firearm. It is a shorter and lighter version of the M16A2 rifle. The M4 has been in military service since 1994. It can fire between 700 and 950 rounds per minute, with an effective range of 500 to 600 metres. Its maximum range extends to 3,600 metres. This versatility makes it a preferred choice for modern military operations.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Mansukh Mandaviya Launches Issuance of Sports Certificates via DigiLocker: Union Minister Mansukh Mandaviya has launched digital issuance of sports certificates through DigiLocker, empowering athletes with easy and secure access to their achievements.The National Centre for Sports Science and Research (NCSSR) was inaugurated to become a hub for elite athlete performance research and innovation, supporting India’s long-term sporting goals.The DigiLocker initiative will integrate with the National Sports Repository System (NSRS) to enable Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) of rewards without delay or paperwork for medal-winning athletes.

 

2. 2nd Asian Yogasana Championships to begin in New Delhi: The 2nd Asian Yogasana Championships began at the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium in New Delhi.The 3-day event by Yogasana Bharat, over 170 athletes from 21 Asian countries will participate, along with several technical officials and team managers and coaches.Yoga is all about connecting with yourself, and it plays an important part in creating balance in everyone’s life.

 

3. Indian Chess Grandmaster Koneru Humpy wins Pune FIDE Women’s Grand Prix: Indian Chess Grandmaster Koneru Humpy won the Pune FIDE Women’s Grand Prix with 7/9 points, defeating Nurgyul Salimova in the final round.Chinese Grandmaster Zhu Jiner also scored 7/9 points but finished 2nd due to tiebreaks, sharing Grand Prix points and prize money with Humpy.India’s International Master Divya Deshmukh drew with Alina Kashlinskaya, securing 3rd place with 5.5/9 points.

 

4.Golf: Inaugural India Championship joins 2025 race to Dubai: The DP World India Championship will debut at the historic Delhi Golf Club from October 16 to 19, 2025, co-sanctioned with the Professional Golf Tour of India (PGTI), and will be part of the ‘Back 9’ series in the 2025 Race to Dubai.With a USD 4 million prize purse, the India Championship becomes the richest golf tournament ever held in India, highlighting the country’s rising prominence in global golf.The tournament will take place at the Lodhi Course at Delhi Golf Club, a course steeped in history, designed by Peter Thomson in 1977 and enhanced by Gary Player Design in 2019. It has hosted the inaugural Indian Open in 1964.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. South Asian Tree Shrews: Recent research by the Zoological Survey of India has transformed the understanding of South Asian tree shrews. This study, published in the journal Ecology and Evolution, challenges previous classifications and marks the need for targeted conservation efforts. It uncovered morphological distinctions among these small mammals, which have often been misidentified due to their resemblance to other species. Tree shrews belong to the order Scandentia. They are not true shrews or squirrels. These mammals possess unique features such as elongated snouts and moist nasal pads. Their diet primarily consists of insects and fruits. Tree shrews play a vital role in forest ecosystems as seed dispersers and insect predators.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. NABARD buys 10% stake in 24×7 Moneyworks to boost rural credit digitization: The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) has acquired a 10 per cent stake in agri fintech startup 24×7 Moneyworks Consulting Pvt Ltd.This marks Nabard’s first-ever investment in a bootstrapped startup, reinforcing its commitment to digital transformation in rural India.24×7 Moneyworks Consulting Pvt. Ltd’s flagship platform, eKisanCredit (eKCC), is a fully digital loan origination system designed for Cooperative Banks, PACS and RRBs.The eKCC platform integrates seamlessly with land records, Aadhaar, eKYC, core banking systems and ePACS, enabling end-to-end automation of the rural credit lifecycle.eKCC has demonstrated the potential to improve access, transparency, and efficiency in dispensing agricultural credit. This strategic collaboration will help Cooperative Banks, PACS, and RRBs deliver faster, transparent, and more inclusive credit services to small and marginal farmers.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. AI Kiran Initiative: As the nation’s AI market is projected to reach $17 billion by 2027, the initiative aims to address the gender disparity in this rapidly evolving field. It is co-led by the Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser (PSA) to the Government of India, Verix (Blockchain-powered credentialing platform) and INK Women. AI Kiran shines a spotlight on over 250 prominent women in AI across various sectors such as education, healthcare, and sustainability. By celebrating their contributions, the initiative aims to amplify their voices and inspire future generations of female technologists.

 

 

Daily GK Update- 24th Apr, 2024

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. MeitY Launches ‘I Am Circular’ Coffee Table Book: The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India, hosted the release of the ‘I Am Circular’ Coffee Table Book, curetted by the International Council for Circular Economy (ICCE).The book is a vibrant celebration of India’s innovative spirit in driving the circular economy forward.This Coffee Table Book features 30 of India’s most promising innovations identified through the nationwide ‘I Am Circular’ Challenge, an initiative designed to discover and amplify breakthrough solutions rooted in the principles of the circular economy.The selected innovations are based on three key themes: Design to Last, Work with Nature, and Use Existing Resources.

 

2. CGHS launched modernised Health Management Information System: The Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS), under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, has launched a next-generation Health Management Information System (HMIS), developed by C-DAC.The revamped HMIS will offer faster, transparent, and user-friendly services like PAN-based beneficiary identification, digital verification, contribution tracking, online card modification, and real-time tracking of applications.Beneficiaries will receive SMS and email alerts at every stage of application processing, ensuring greater transparency and minimising the need for physical follow-ups.

 

3. ASI host 38th meeting of the Central Advisory Board of Archaeology: The 38th meeting of the Central Advisory Board of Archaeology was hosted by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in New Delhi. The meeting was hosted by the Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India, Yadubir Singh.The 37th meeting of the Central Advisory Board of Archaeology was held on 14 June 2022 in New Delhi.The Central Advisory Board of Archaeology was constituted by the government of India in 1945. The Board is constituted by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India, after every three years.

 

24 April – National Panchayati Raj Day: National Panchayati Raj Day is marked every year on April 24 in India. The day is observed to commemorate the historic occasion of April 24, 1993, when the Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992, came into force.It celebrates the importance of grassroots democracy, strengthens local governance and helps empower rural communities. The Panchayati Raj system is a three-tier structure where local bodies or Gram Panchayats are given the authority to govern themselves and make decisions for their community’s development.The first National Panchayati Raj Day, also called Panchayati Raj Diwas, was celebrated in 2010. It was officially declared by the then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.

 

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. CCI approves the proposed acquisition of the Target Business by Kandhari Global Beverages Private Limited: The Competition Commission of India has approved the proposed acquisition of the Target Business by Kandhari Global Beverages Private Limited.Kandhari Global Beverages Private Limited (Acquirer) is an authorized bottler of The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) and Schweppes Holdings Limited (SHL), and is engaged in the business of supplying and distributing non-alcoholic beverage (NAB) products in Rajasthan.The Target Business comprise of Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Private Limited’s business of preparing, packaging, supplying and distributing NAB products in North Gujarat and the Union Territory of Diu (Target Business).

 

2. India’s largest International Cruise Terminal launched in Mumbai: India’s largest international cruise terminal in Mumbai commenced its operation recently with the flagging of a cruise ship by the Union Minister for Ports, Shipping and Waterways, Sarbanand Sonowal.Among all the international cruise terminals in India, the Mumbai International Cruise Terminal (MICT) is the largest.The MICT, developed as per Cruise Bharat Mission, was developed as per latest global standards and is expected to take a pioneering role in developing cruise tourism in India.Spread over a built-up area of over 4.15 lakh square feet, the MICT has been developed at Ballard Pier. The total investment in the MICT project is ₹556 crore.MICT is India’s largest world-class cruise terminal equipped with 72 check-in and immigration counters spread over an area of 2.07 lakh square feet on the first two floors while the other two floors are developed as commercial floors.

 

3. India and Saudi Arabia Sign Four MoUs to Strengthen Strategic Partnership During PM Modi’s Visit: India and Saudi Arabia signed four MoUs and agreed to expand the India-Saudi Arabia Strategic Partnership Council to include two new committees.This was agreed by the top leadership of both countries during Prime Minister Modi’s visit to Saudi Arabia.These MoUs are – Cooperation in the field of Space by the space agencies of both countries, Cooperation in the field of Health. Agreement between NADA and the Saudi anti-doping agency for cooperation in the field of Anti-Doping. Cooperation in the Inward Surface Parcel between the postal authorities of the countries. This was Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s third visit to Saudi Arabia as the Prime Minister of India. He first visited Saudi Arabia in 2016 and again in 2019.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Operation Tikka: Indian Army Foils Infiltration Attempt: The Indian Army successfully foiled an infiltration attempt along the Line of Control (LoC) in the Baramulla district, killing two terrorists during “Operation Tikka” on April 23, 2025. The terrorists were attempting to cross into India from the Sarjeevan area of Uri Nala.During the operation, heavy exchange of fire took place between the security forces and terrorists. A large quantity of weapons, ammunition, and war-like stores were recovered from the terrorists, who were neutralized during the firefight.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Jasprit Bumrah & Smriti Mandhana named Wisden’s Leading Cricketers: India’s pace spearhead Jasprit Bumrah and star batter Smriti Mandhana have been honoured as the Leading Men’s and Women’s Cricketers in the World, respectively, in the prestigious Wisden Cricketers’ Almanack 2025 edition, celebrating their exceptional performances in 2024.Bumrah, 31, had a phenomenal year across formats, particularly in Test cricket. He claimed a staggering 71 wickets in Tests in 2024, averaging just 14.92, the best for any bowler in a single calendar year with that volume of wickets.On the women’s side, Smriti Mandhana had a year to remember. The elegant left-hander scored 1659 runs across formats in 2024, making her the highest run-scorer in international women’s cricket that year. Her run tally included four centuries in ODIs, setting a new record in women’s cricket.

 

2. Wisden Trophy for the Year’s Outstanding Performance: New Zealand’s Mitchell Santner was named the Wisden Trophy for the Year’s Outstanding Performance.He took a match-winning 13-wicket haul against India at the Pune Test in 2024 to help New Zealand take a 2-0 lead in the Test Series. New Zealand won the Test series 3-0.

 

3. Vithya, Yashas win 400 m hurdles titles in National Federation Senior Athletics Competition 2025: Olympian Vithya Ramraj won gold in the women’s 400-meter hurdles at the National Federation Senior Athletics Competition in Kochi, clocking 56.04 seconds to qualify for the Asian Championships 2025. Her time also set a new meet record, surpassing Saritaben Gayakwad’s 2019 mark of 57.21 seconds.Anu R finished second with 58.26 seconds, while Ashwini R took third with 1 minute 2.41 seconds.In the men’s 400-meter hurdles, Yashas Palaksha claimed gold with a personal best of 49.32 seconds.In the men’s hammer throw, Damneet Singh won gold with a 68.30-meter effort, while Praveen Kumar took silver and Gurdev Singh got bronze.In the women’s triple jump, Niharika Vashisht secured gold with a 13.49-meter leap.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Coal Black Tree Snake: Recently, a remarkable discovery was made in the lush rainforests of Papua New Guinea. Herpetologist Fred Kraus identified a new species of snake known as Dendrelaphis anthracina, or the coal black tree snake. This 4-foot, 8-inch reptile was found on Sudest Island, showcasing the rich biodiversity of the region. Kraus’s research also revealed three additional snake species endemic to other islands in the Louisiade Archipelago. Fred Kraus’s expedition aimed to explore the Dendrelaphis genus of tree-dwelling snakes. His observations revealed a poorly understood group of reptiles. The coal black tree snake was notably found in a dramatic encounter with a goshawk, denoting its defensive behaviour.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. RBI asks banks to complete migration to bank.in domain by October 31, 2025: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued a circular directing all banks to migrate their existing domains to the exclusive ‘bank.in’ domain by October 31, 2025.The migration process will be facilitated through the Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT), which has been authorised by the National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI).This move aims to address the rising concerns over cybersecurity threats, particularly in digital payments, by providing banks with a secure and trusted domain for online banking operations.Banks can initiate the registration process by contacting IDRBT at sahyog@idrbt.ac.in, where they will receive support for the application and migration to the new domain.A similar domain, ‘fin.in’, is also planned for non-bank financial entities to enhance security and trust in digital financial services.

 

2. Bank of Baroda aims to achieve net-zero target by 2057: Bank of Baroda unveiled its Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) policy on Earth Day 2025, setting a goal to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by the year 2057.The bank has planted over 30,000 trees in 2025 under its ‘Plant a Tree’ program, linked to auto and home loan disbursements, emphasizing its commitment to a greener planet.In line with the Earth Day 2025 theme “Our Power, Our Planet,” the bank will prioritize renewable energy financing and offer products like green deposits, residential rooftop solar loans, and a green hydrogen financing scheme.To further its sustainability goals, the bank launched a ‘BOB Earth’ online platform and initiated green financing training workshops for staff to build awareness and capacity in ESG practices.

 

3. RBI provides export relaxations through warehouses in Bharat Mart in UAE: The RBI has relaxed regulations to enable Indian exporters to use warehouses in Bharat Mart, a UAE-based multimodal logistics hub, to access global markets more efficiently.Banks are now allowed to permit exporters to realize and repatriate full export proceeds within nine months from the date of sale of goods from Bharat Mart warehouses.Indian exporters with a valid Importer Exporter Code (IEC) can now open or hire warehouses in Bharat Mart without prior conditions, and remit funds for setup and operations, subject to basic verifications.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. The Ministry of Panchayati Raj Unveils Special Category National Panchayat Awards–2025: For the first time, the Ministry of Panchayati Raj introduces the Special Category National Panchayat Awards–2025, presented during the National Panchayati Raj Day celebration at Lohna Uttar Gram Panchayat, Madhubani, Bihar. These awards recognize outstanding contributions by Gram Panchayats in advancing national priorities such as Climate Action and Atmanirbharta (Self-Reliance) through enhanced Own Source Revenue (OSR).