Daily GK Update- 15th July, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. IIFL Home Finance Secures $100 Million from AIIB: IIFL Home Finance has secured $100 million (approx. ₹858 crore) funding from the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) to enhance access to affordable housing for economically weaker sections (EWS) and lower income groups (LIG).The funding will support both demand and supply sides — offering home loans to low-income families in urban and semi-urban areas, and financing affordable housing developers promoting green-certified projects to boost sustainability.This collaboration aligns with India’s climate goals and supports the green housing portfolio of IIFL HFL, reinforcing its mission for responsible, climate-conscious, and accessible housing finance.The investment complements the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban (PMAY-U 2.0) initiative, helping bridge the housing gap and promote sustainable urban development across India.

 

2. HAL and CeNS Collaborate to Launch Advanced Academic Centre in Karnataka: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and the Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS) have signed a MoA to set up the HAL Advanced Academic Initiation Centre at CeNS’ Arkavathi Campus in Karnataka under HAL’s CSR initiative to promote science education, especially for rural students.

The new centre will support science outreach through CeNS’s Vigyaani Vidyarthi Vichar Vinimay (V4) programme, which has already benefited over 20,000 students from more than 200 institutions.The MoA was signed by HAL’s GM (HR) Pradeep Kumar and CeNS’s Director Prof. BLV Prasad, in the presence of HAL CMD Dr. DK Sunil and Director (HR) MG Balasubrahmanya.

 

3. Dr. Abhijat Sheth Appointed as Chairperson of National Medical Commission (NMC): Abhijat Sheth, a cardiothoracic surgeon and current president of NBEMS, has been appointed as the new chairperson of the National Medical Commission (NMC), succeeding Dr. Suresh Gangadhar.Sheth emphasized that his key priorities would include enhancing the quality of medical education, promoting good governance, and encouraging teamwork to fulfill government goals.

 

4. President Murmu Nominates Harsh V Shringla, Ujjwal Nikam, Meenakshi Jain & C Sadanandan Master to Rajya Sabha: President Droupadi Murmu has nominated Harsh V Shringla, Ujjwal Nikam, Meenakshi Jain, and C Sadanandan Master to the Rajya Sabha under Article 80 of the Constitution, which allows nomination of individuals with special knowledge in fields like literature, science, art, and social service.Harsh V Shringla, a 1984-batch IFS officer and former Foreign Secretary, was praised by PM Modi for his diplomatic acumen and contributions to India’s foreign policy and G20 Presidency.Ujjwal Nikam, a renowned criminal lawyer known for handling high-profile cases like the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks and 1993 Bombay blasts, was lauded for his lifelong devotion to justice and Constitutional values.Meenakshi Jain, a reputed historian and academic, and C Sadanandan Master, a courageous teacher and social worker from Kerala, were recognized for their impactful contributions to historical research and youth empowerment, respectively.

 

5. Karnataka Bank Appoints Raghavendra S Bhat as Interim MD & CEO: Karnataka Bank has appointed Raghavendra S Bhat as its new MD & CEO for a period of three months.The appointment follows the resignations of MD & CEO Srikrishnan Hari Hara Sarma and Executive Director Sekhar Rao, both citing personal reasons and relocation issues.In May 2025, the bank’s statutory auditors flagged expenditures by whole-time directors made without board approval, which is believed to have contributed to the senior-level exits.

 

6. President Murmu Appoints New Governors for Goa, Haryana and Lieutenant Governor for Ladakh: President Droupadi Murmu has appointed Pusapati Ashok Gajapathi Raju as the Governor of Goa and Prof. Ashim Kumar Ghosh as the Governor of Haryana.Kavinder Gupta has been named the new Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh, replacing Brig. (Retd.) Dr. B.D. Mishra, whose resignation was accepted by the President.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India Signs Long-Term Fertilizer Supply Agreements with Saudi Arabia: India and Saudi Arabia have signed long-term fertilizer supply agreements, under which 1 million metric tons of Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) will be supplied annually for five years from 2025–26, with the possibility of a 5-year extension.The agreements, signed between Maaden and Indian firms like IPL, KRIBHCO, and CIL, mark a major rise from the 1.9 million MT of DAP imported in 2024–25, enhancing India’s agricultural supply securit

 

2. India Becomes First Country to Launch AI-Integrated Traditional Knowledge Digital Library: WHO: The World Health Organization (WHO) has acknowledged India as the first country to launch a Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) and praised its leadership in using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to modernize traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, and Homoeopathy.The recognition came in WHO’s technical brief titled “Mapping the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Traditional Medicine”, developed following India’s proposal and leading to WHO’s first-ever AI roadmap for traditional medicine.The WHO report highlights AI-driven tools such as diagnosis support systems that blend traditional techniques like pulse reading, tongue analysis, and Prakriti assessment with machine learning and deep neural networks.A key highlight is Ayurgenomics, an emerging field that combines genomics and Ayurveda to detect disease markers and deliver personalized health advice by analyzing a person’s Ayurvedic constitution using AI.

 

3. NSE Ranks 4th Globally in IPO Fundraising in H1 2025, Raises $5.51 Billion: The National Stock Exchange (NSE) ranked 4th globally in IPO fundraising during the first half of 2025, raising $5.51 billion, which accounted for 8.9% of the total global IPO proceeds of $61.95 billion, as per S&P Global Market Intelligence.The top three global exchanges for IPO fundraising during the same period were the Nasdaq Global Market, New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), and Nasdaq Global Select Market, which together raised $28.95 billion.This performance boosts momentum for the much-anticipated public listing of NSE itself, signaling a potential landmark development in India’s capital markets.

 

4. 15 July – World Youth Skills Day: World Youth Skills Day is observed every year on 15th July to raise awareness about the importance of equipping young people with skills for employment, decent work, and entrepreneurship.Theme 2025 – Youth Empowerment Through AI and Digital SkillsThe United Nations General Assembly, through a resolution initiated by Sri Lanka and supported by several countries, declared July 15 as World Youth Skills Day on November 11, 2014. The first celebration took place on July 15, 2015, aligning with the launch of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which emphasises quality education and decent work for all.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Sonali Mishra Appointed First Woman Director General of Railway Protection Force (RPF): Sonali Mishra, a 1993-batch IPS officer from the Madhya Pradesh cadre, has been appointed as the first woman Director General (DG) of the Railway Protection Force (RPF). Her tenure will last till October 31, 2026, succeeding Manoj Yadava.She is currently posted as Additional Director General (Selection) in Madhya Pradesh Police, and has previously served as Inspector General in Kashmir, BSF Intelligence Wing Head, and first woman commander of a BSF formation along the India-Pakistan border in Punjab.The Railway Protection Force (RPF), constituted in 1957 by an Act of Parliament, was empowered in 1966 to enquire, arrest, and prosecute for crimes involving railway property, and was designated as an armed force of the Union in 1985.Sonali Mishra has been honored with both the President’s Police Medal for Distinguished Service (PPMDS) and the Police Medal for Meritorious Service (PMMS) for her exemplary contributions in policing and national security.

 

2. India Receives Second GE-F404 Engine for LCA Tejas: India recently received the second GE-F404 engine from the United States for its Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Mark-1A programme. This marks a key step in the ongoing effort to strengthen the Indian Air Force (IAF) with indigenous fighter jets. Despite delays caused by supply chain disruptions, deliveries of these engines are now underway. The public sector company Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is responsible for integrating these engines into the LCA Tejas Mk-1A jets. HAL took delivery of the second GE-F404 engine in July 2025. A total of 12 engines are expected by the end of the financial year. HAL had placed a ₹5,375 crore order for 99 engines with GE Aerospace in August 2021. The IAF has ordered 83 LCA Mk-1A jets and plans to procure an additional 97 aircraft. The Defence Ministry has given clearance for this expanded order, worth about ₹67,000 crore.

 

 

 

 

SPORTS

 

1. Jannik Sinner Creates History as First Italian Man to Win Wimbledon: World No.1 Jannik Sinner clinched his first Wimbledon title by defeating defending champion Carlos Alcaraz in a thrilling four-set final (4-6, 6-4, 6-4, 6-4) at the All England Club, becoming the first Italian man in history to win Wimbledon. Just weeks after losing to Alcaraz in the French Open final, Sinner made a powerful comeback at Wimbledon, snapping a five-match losing streak against the Spaniard and ending Alcaraz’s unbeaten 5–0 record in Grand Slam finals. With this win, Sinner now holds four Grand Slam titles and is only one title away (Roland Garros) from completing a career Grand Slam, while also strengthening his lead in the PIF ATP Rankings by 3,430 points. Poland’s Iga Świątek secured her triumph with an emphatic victory over American Amanda Anisimova.

 

2. Chelsea Clinch Historic FIFA Club World Cup Title with 3–0 Win Over PSG: Chelsea FC created history by winning the first-ever 32-team FIFA Club World Cup, defeating Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) 3–0 in the final held at MetLife Stadium, New Jersey. Cole Palmer emerged as the star of the final, scoring two quick goals and assisting Joao Pedro for the third just before halftime. Chelsea ended the tournament as the top-scoring team with 17 goals, edging past PSG, Manchester City, and Bayern, who scored 16 each. A red card to Joao Neves for pulling Marc Cucurella’s hair added to PSG’s frustration, as Chelsea’s solid defense ensured a clean sheet and a dominant victory.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Challenges in Controlling AI Chatbot Behaviour: Recent events have brought into light the difficulties in managing AI chatbot outputs. Elon Musk’s company xAI issued an apology after its chatbot Grok posted antisemitic and abusive content on the social media platform X. Despite efforts to fix the issue, Grok’s behaviour remains unpredictable, raising broader concerns about the control and alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values. Grok was integrated into X in 2023 as an AI chatbot designed to interact with users. It has repeatedly generated harmful content, including antisemitic remarks and misogynistic slurs. These incidents have drawn public criticism and regulatory attention. The root cause was traced to a deprecated code update, but the underlying LLM remains unchanged. Grok’s issues are part of a wider pattern of AI chatbots producing inconsistent or offensive outputs.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. CPI inflation at 2.10% in June 2025: India’s retail inflation fell to 2.10% in June 2025, the lowest in over six years, with rural inflation at 1.72% and urban at 2.56%, offering relief to households under long-standing cost pressures. Food inflation remained negative for the second consecutive month, with the Combined Consumer Food Price Index (CFPI) showing a deflation of 1.06%, mainly due to falling prices of vegetables, pulses, milk, fish, and spices. Despite easing headline inflation, core sectors like health (4.43%), education (4.37%), and housing (3.24%) continued to witness a moderate rise, highlighting the need for policy vigilance. The Ministry of Statistics collected data from over 1,100 urban markets and 1,181 villages, ensuring nearly complete nationwide coverage, and confirmed that inflation remains within the RBI’s target range of 2–6%, supporting a more growth-focused monetary approach.

Daily GK Update- 14th July, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Sarbananda Sonowal Inaugurates 2nd BIMSTEC Ports Conclave in Visakhapatnam: Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal inaugurated the 2nd BIMSTEC Ports Conclave in Visakhapatnam, focusing on strengthening regional maritime cooperation among BIMSTEC nations.The two-day conclave, themed “Navigating the Future: Blue Economy, Innovation & Sustainable Partnerships,” brings together ministerial delegations, port authorities, and experts from member countries like Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Thailand.The event also includes the inauguration of completed port development projects and laying foundation stones for new infrastructure, highlighting India’s commitment to enhancing port connectivity and sustainable maritime growth.

 

2. Govt to set up skill centre at Aurangabad industrial area in Maharashtra: A 20,000 sq ft Skill Development Centre will be set up at Aurangabad Industrial City (AURIC), Maharashtra, as announced by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, aiming to boost skill training in the region.

The centre will be established in collaboration with the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), with a formal MoU expected to be signed in the upcoming week.DPIIT Secretary Amardeep Singh Bhatia stressed the importance of attracting Global Capability Centres (GCCs) and R&D hubs at AURIC to strengthen its innovation and industrial ecosystem.

 

3. India’s First Digital Nomad Village Launch: The village of Yakten in Sikkim’s Pakyong district was declared India’s first digital nomad village. This initiative was launched to create a sustainable remote work hub in the Himalayas. It aims to support local homestay owners with steady income and attract digital professionals from across India and abroad. Yakten’s transformation is part of the ‘Nomad Sikkim’ project, a collaboration between the Pakyong district administration and NGO Sarvahitey. The project addresses the seasonal income gap for homestay operators, especially during the six-month off-season from April to October. Infrastructure upgrades include dual internet lines, village-wide Wi-Fi, and power backups to ensure uninterrupted connectivity. Plans are underway to resolve water scarcity under the Jal Jeevan Mission.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India to Host First-Ever International Manuscript Heritage Conference in September 2025: India will host its first-ever International Manuscript Heritage Conference from September 11–13, 2025, in New Delhi, under the theme “Reclaiming India’s Knowledge Legacy Through Manuscript Heritage” as part of the launch of the Gyan Bharatam Mission (GBM).The event will coincide with the 132nd anniversary of Swami Vivekananda’s Chicago address (September 11, 1893), and will feature global scholars, cultural custodians, live digitisation demos, UNESCO manuscript exhibitions, and interactive workshops.

2. UNESCO Removes Three African Sites from World Heritage Danger List After Successful Restoration Efforts: During the 47th session of the World Heritage Committee held in Paris, UNESCO removed three African sites — Rainforests of the Atsinanana (Madagascar), Abu Mena (Egypt), and Old Town of Ghadams (Libya) — from its List of World Heritage in Danger.This removal marks the successful efforts by respective countries, supported by UNESCO, in reducing threats and restoring ecological and cultural integrity at these sites.The Rainforests of the Atsinanana, listed as a World Heritage Site in 2007 and placed on the danger list in 2010, faced threats such as illegal logging, deforestation, and endangered species decline, especially lemurs.

Abu Mena in Egypt, a significant Christian monastic and pilgrimage site listed in 1979, was placed in danger in 2001 due to rising water tables and structural collapse from surrounding irrigation practices.

 

3. Taiwan’s CTBC Bank Joins Global Rush to GIFT City: Taiwan’s largest private bank, CTBC Bank, has applied to set up an IFSC Banking Unit (IBU) in GIFT City, following approvals from Taiwan’s Financial Supervisory Commission.A wave of international banks from Taiwan, UAE, and France are now entering GIFT City, with CTBC Bank, Taipei Fubon Bank, Mashreq Bank, and First Abu Dhabi Bank all applying or receiving approval to set up IBUs.The number of IBUs in GIFT City has more than doubled from 15 in 2022 to 31 in March 2025, with major global players like Natixis, Credit Agricole, and Societe Generale joining the list, reflecting rising global confidence in India’s IFSC framework.

 

4. 12 July – International Day of Combating Sand and Dust Storms: The United Nations General Assembly has declared 12 July as the International Day of Combating Sand and Dust Storms to highlight their global impact on sustainable development.Sand and dust storms pose serious economic, social, and environmental challenges, hindering efforts toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).This is why the United Nations General Assembly, in resolution 77/249, proclaimed 12 July as the International Day of Combating Sand and Dust Storms, and declared the period from 2025 to 2034 the United Nations Decade on Combating Sand and Dust Storms.

 

5. 12 July – International Day of Hope: The International Day of Hope is observed annually on 12 July to promote the power of hope as a driving force for resilience, healing, and positive change in individuals and communities worldwide.The day emphasises the importance of nurturing mental well-being, compassion, and optimism, especially in the face of global challenges such as conflict, poverty, and inequality.

 

6. 12 July – Malala Day: Malala Day is observed globally every year on 12th July to honour the bravery, advocacy, and voice of Malala Yousafzai, the youngest Nobel Peace Prize laureate.It marks her birthday and commemorates her powerful speech at the United Nations on 12 July 2013, where she advocated for education, women’s rights, and global peace.Malala Day is observed on 12 July to recognize the courage and activism of Malala Yousafzai, who stood up for girls’ education in the face of Taliban oppression in Pakistan.

7. Talisman Sabre 2025: Talisman Sabre 2025 is the largest and most complex warfighting exercise held in Australia. It began on 13 July 2025 and involves 35,000 military personnel from 19 nations. The event is led by Australia and includes India among other key partners. For the first time, parts of the exercise are conducted outside Australia, in Papua New Guinea. Talisman Sabre is a biennial military exercise started in 2005 by Australia and the United States. The 2025 edition is its 11th iteration. It features live-fire drills, amphibious landings, ground manoeuvres, air combat, and maritime operations. This year, new Australian Defence Force assets like UH-60M Black Hawks and Precision Strike Missiles are deployed. The exercise spans Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia, New South Wales, Christmas Island, and Papua New Guinea.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Maratha Military Forts Declared UNESCO World Heritage Site, Becomes India’s 44th Entry: Maratha Military Landscapes of India, a network of 12 historic forts from the 17th to 19th centuries, has been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, becoming India’s 44th property to receive this recognition.These forts reflect the military strategy, architectural brilliance, and cultural identity of the Maratha Empire, and are spread across Maharashtra (11 forts) and Tamil Nadu (1 fort – Gingee Fort).The recognition was granted during the 47th Session of the World Heritage Committee after an 18-month evaluation by international experts, including a site review by the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS).

 

2. India Successfully Tests Indigenous Astra BVRAAM with RF Seeker from Su-30 MKI: The DRDO and Indian Air Force successfully flight-tested the indigenous Astra Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile (BVRAAM), equipped with a homegrown Radio Frequency (RF) Seeker, from a Su-30 Mk-I aircraft off the coast of Odisha.During the test, two missiles hit high-speed aerial targets with pinpoint accuracy, validating the flawless performance of all subsystems, including the RF seeker developed by DRDO.With a range exceeding 100 km and advanced guidance systems, Astra’s successful test marks a major milestone in India’s self-reliant defence capabilities, involving contributions from over 50 public and private industries, including HAL.

 

3. Indian Army Launches ‘Operation SHIVA 2025’ to Secure Amarnath Yatra Amid Heightened Threats: The Indian Army launched ‘Operation SHIVA 2025’, a high-intensity annual security exercise, to ensure the safe and smooth conduct of the Shri Amarnath Yatra amid rising threats from Pakistan-backed proxy groups.The operation, planned in coordination with civil administration and CAPFs, includes the deployment of over 8,500 troops, advanced surveillance tools, and a multi-layered counter-terror grid across both northern and southern Yatra routes.A dedicated Counter-Unmanned Aerial System (C-UAS) grid with 50+ systems and electronic warfare assets has been established, along with continuous UAV surveillance and live monitoring of Yatra paths and the holy cave.The Army has made extensive logistical and medical arrangements, including 150+ medical personnel, a 100-bed hospital, 26 oxygen booths, two advanced dressing stations, and emergency rations for over 25,000 people.

 

4. Indian and Greek Navies Conduct Joint PASSEX in Arabian Sea: The Indian Navy and Hellenic (Greek) Navy conducted a joint PASSEX (Passing Exercise) off the Mumbai coast in the Arabian Sea, highlighting growing maritime cooperation between the two nations.The PASSEX reflects enhanced military ties following the Strategic Partnership agreement signed during PM Modi’s 2023 visit to Greece, aimed at deepening defence collaboration.Earlier, the Hellenic Air Force participated in India’s Tarang Shakti 2024 exercise, while the Indian Air Force took part in INIOCHOS 2025, hosted by Greece, demonstrating strong bilateral air force engagement as well.

The Western Naval Command deployed INS Tarkashto conduct a PASSEX exercise with the passing Hellenic Navy Ship HS Psara.

 

SPORTS

 

1. A Ra Harikrishnan Becomes India’s 87th Grandmaster: A Ra Harikrishnan has become India’s 87th Grandmaster after earning his third and final GM norm at the La Plagne International Chess Festival in France.The 24-year-old Chennai-based player earned his first GM norm in July 2023 at the Biel International Chess Festival in Switzerland, followed by his second at the Andujar Open in Spain last month.A Grandmaster title in chess requires three GM norms and a FIDE rating of 2500, reflecting consistent top-level performance in internationally rated tournaments.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Open Natural Ecosystems: Recent discourse challenges the common view of deserts as barren wastelands needing transformation. Deserts cover nearly one-third of the Earth’s land and host unique ecosystems and cultures. Recognising their ecological and cultural importance is vital for sustainable land management. Deserts are not failures of nature but ancient landscapes adapted to extreme conditions. They support specialised plants and animals that survive with minimal water. Early human civilisations, such as those in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley, flourished in desert climates. Harsh desert conditions encourageed innovation in irrigation and social organisation. India’s grasslands, savannas, and scrublands are often misclassified as wastelands. This colonial-era label implies these lands are degraded and need fixing through afforestation or agriculture. However, these ecosystems are rich in biodiversity, harbouring species like the Great Indian Bustard, caracal, and Indian wolf. They also store carbon mainly in soil rather than trees.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. PhonePe Leads UPI Market in June with 46% Share: PhonePe retained the top spot in the UPI ecosystem in June with a 46% market share, recording 854.7 crore transactions worth ₹11.98 lakh crore, despite a 1.5% drop from May.Google Pay stood second, processing 654.1 crore transactions, down by 3% month-on-month, while Paytm secured the third position with a 7% market share, clocking 126.9 crore transactions worth ₹1.34 lakh crore.According to NPCI data, the total number of UPI transactions in June was 18.40 billion, slightly lower than the record-high 18.68 billion in May, with a total transaction value of ₹24.04 lakh crore, down 4.4% MoM.Newer platforms like Navi (2.24%) and super.money (1.20%), backed by Flipkart, also made a mark in the UPI app market share during June.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Former Chief Justice Kalyan Shrestha Honoured with Hem Bahadur Malla Award 2080 in Nepal: Former Chief Justice Kalyan Shrestha has been awarded the ‘Hem Bahadur Malla Award 2080’ for his significant contributions to judicial leadership and institutional development in Nepal.The award, carrying a cash prize of Rs 200,000 and a certificate of honour, was presented by Chief Justice Prakashman Singh Raut at an event in Kathmandu, jointly organised by the Nepal Public Administration Association and the Salt Trading Corporation.Shrestha, who served as Nepal’s 25th Chief Justice, played a pivotal role in transitional justice, inclusive democracy, and environmental justice, and was recommended by a selection committee chaired by Umesh Mainali.

 

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Daily GK Update- 13th July, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Union Home Secretary Govind Mohan Gets Tenure Extension Till August 2026: Union Home Secretary Govind Mohan, a 1989 batch IAS officer from the Sikkim cadre, has received a tenure extension till August 22, 2026.He was originally scheduled to retire on September 30, 2025, but his service has been extended under the provisions of FR 56(d) and Rule 16(1A) of the AIS (Death-Cum-Retirement Benefits) Rules, 1958.Govind Mohan assumed office as Union Home Secretary on August 23, 2024, after serving as the Culture Secretary.

 

2. Himachal Pradesh’s Progress In National Achievement Survey: The National Achievement Survey (NAS) 2025 results revealed a surprising shift in India’s educational landscape. Himachal Pradesh jumped from 21st place in 2021 to the top five. Punjab and Kerala maintained their leading positions. Himachal’s sharp rise by 16 ranks attracted widespread attention. This marks turnaround for the State’s public education system. The NAS is a nationwide assessment conducted every three years by the Ministry of Education. It measures learning outcomes of students in government and government-aided schools. The survey covers Classes 3, 5, 8, and 10. Core subjects tested include language, mathematics, and science. NAS provides data to help States improve education policies. However, it mainly assesses easily testable skills. Broader educational goals like critical thinking, emotional growth, civic awareness, and equity are not measured.

 

3. Caracal Sighting In Madhya Pradesh: The rare caracal has been captured on camera inside the Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh. This is the first confirmed sighting in the state in nearly 20 years. The discovery is linked to ongoing conservation efforts under Project Cheetah. The Wildlife Institute of India (WII) and Madhya Pradesh forest department have been monitoring wildlife in the area since 2023. The sighting offers hope for the revival of threatened species in the region. Project Cheetah began monitoring cheetahs, prey, and other predators in the Gandhi Sagar landscape in 2023. Camera traps were set up in the fenced Cheetah Closed Natural Area to track animal movement. The project aims to restore habitat and improve biodiversity. The caracal photographs were obtained from the Golabavdi beat in the West Range of the sanctuary. This marks the first confirmed presence of caracals since monitoring started.

 

4. India’s Forest Land Diversion Sparks Legal Controversy: The Government of India has approved the clearance of over 8,500 hectares of forest land in the first half of 2025. This move has raised concerns due to a Supreme Court order prohibiting forest land reduction without safeguards. The approvals include areas legally protected under earlier court directives. The issue centres on the misuse of compensatory afforestation (CA) and the recent Forest (Conservation) Amendment Act, 2023. Between February and June 2025, 8,518.23 hectares of forest land were approved for clearing. This area is roughly four times the size of Delhi’s Indira Gandhi International Airport. Approvals came from three statutory bodies – Regional Empowered Committees (REC), Forest Advisory Committee (FAC), and the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL). The REC approved 348.96 hectares, the FAC 4,711.91 hectares, and the NBWL 3,457.37 hectares, including protected areas like national parks.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Kumar Mangalam Birla joining the USISPF Executive Committee: Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chairman of the Aditya Birla Group, has been appointed to the Executive Committee of the U.S.-India Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF) Board of Directors.He was also honoured with the Global Leadership Award at the 2025 USISPF Leadership Summit held in Washington, D.C., recognizing his global business influence.The Aditya Birla Group, India’s third-largest conglomerate, operates across diverse sectors with a global workforce of 180,000+ employees, and is known for its meritocratic culture and innovation-driven growth.

 

2. Kumar Mangalam Birla Joins USISPF Executive Committee: Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chairman of Aditya Birla Group, has joined the Executive Committee of the S.-India Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF).He received the Global Leadership Award at the 2025 USISPF Leadership Summit in Washington, D.C., recognizing his global business impact.Aditya Birla Group, India’s third-largest conglomerate, operates across multiple sectors with a global workforce of over 1.8 lakh employees.

 

3. Salt Reduction Efforts in India: Recent studies reveal excessive salt intake is driving a silent health crisis in India. High salt consumption increases risks of hypertension, stroke, heart disease, and kidney disorders. Scientists at the Indian Council of Medical Research’s National Institute of Epidemiology (ICMR-NIE) have launched community-based interventions focusing on low sodium salt substitutes. These efforts aim to reduce salt intake and improve cardiovascular health across urban and rural populations. The World Health Organisation recommends less than 5 grams of salt per person daily. However, urban Indians consume about 9.2 grams per day, nearly double the recommended limit. Rural consumption is lower but still exceeds recommendations at 5.6 grams daily. This high intake is linked with increased hypertension and related diseases.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Kashmir Martyrs Day 2025: The politics of Jammu and Kashmir in 2025 is tense around Martyrs’ Day on July 13. This day, once an official holiday, honours those killed in 1931 during protests against the Dogra regime. Since the abrogation of Article 370 in 2019, the holiday was scrapped. With an elected government now in power, political parties planned to visit the Martyrs’ Cemetery. The BJP opposed this. To prevent visits, the police placed many leaders under house arrest. The controversy marks deep political divides and the complex legacy of Kashmir’s struggle. Martyrs’ Day commemorates the killing of 22 Kashmiri Muslims on 13 July 1931. They were shot by Dogra police outside Srinagar Central Jail during a protest. The protest was against the Dogra rulers’ autocratic rule. The victims were buried at the shrine of Khawja Bahaudin Naqashbandi. Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah declared this day as Martyrs’ Day to honour their sacrifice. The event marked the start of political awakening and identity assertion in Kashmir.

 

2. India’s Astra Missile Achieves Indigenous Seeker Flight Success: Recent developments in India’s defence technology show milestone. The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Air Force (IAF) successfully tested the Astra Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile (BVRAAM) equipped with an indigenous Radio Frequency (RF) seeker. The test took place off the coast of Odisha from a Su-30 Mk-I fighter jet. This achievement marks a leap in India’s self-reliance in critical defence systems. On 11 July 2025, two Astra missiles were launched against high-speed unmanned aerial targets. Both missiles achieved pinpoint accuracy under varied launch conditions and target aspects. The Integrated Test Range, Chandipur, confirmed the flawless performance of all subsystems, especially the indigenously developed RF seeker. The missile’s range exceeds 100 kilometres, supported by advanced guidance and navigation systems.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. NESTS Signs MoU with Tata Motors to Empower Tribal Youth through Skill-Based Education and Employment Opportunities: The National Education Society for Tribal Students (NESTS) and Tata Motors Limited (TML) signed an MoU to enhance skill-linked education and employment for tribal students from Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS).Under this partnership, tribal students completing Class 12th will be enrolled in the Tata Motors Kaushalya Program, focusing on employability and vocational training.This five-year MoU reflects a shared goal of uplifting tribal communities through structured skill development, aligned with India’s national development and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

 

2. NESTS and UNICEF India Launch TALASH to Empower Tribal Students with Life Skills: The Ministry of Tribal Affairs, in collaboration with UNICEF India, has launched the TALASH initiative (Tribal Aptitude, Life Skills and Self-Esteem Hub) to promote holistic development among students of Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRSs).TALASH focuses on enhancing self-awareness, life skills, and career clarity among tribal youth, aiming to nurture both educational and personal excellence.It is the first national-level program of its kind specifically dedicated to tribal students, representing a focused effort to empower and uplift tribal communities through targeted educational support.

 

3. IN-SPACe Clearance for Starlink Satellites: Starlink, owned by Elon Musk, has secured the final regulatory clearance to offer satellite communication services in India. The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe) authorised Starlink’s Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellation, enabling the company to begin operations after receiving an operator licence from the Department of Telecommunications (DoT). This move marks step in expanding satellite-based internet access across the country. Starlink obtained its operator licence from the DoT in May 2025 after a three-year application process. IN-SPACe granted authorisation for the Starlink Gen1 satellite constellation, which includes 4,408 satellites orbiting at 540-570 km altitude. The authorisation is valid for five years or until the constellation’s operational life ends. Starlink must comply with all regulatory provisions and secure additional clearances as required.

 

4. India’s Sulphur Dioxide Emission Norms: India recently extended the deadline for coal-fired power plants to install flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) units. This move relaxes sulphur dioxide (SO2) emission control norms. The extension has drawn criticism from independent researchers who warn of serious health and environmental risks. Despite strict norms set in 2015, most plants have not complied. The debate continues over the scientific basis and public health impact of this delay. In 2015, India introduced stringent SO2 emission standards for coal-based power plants. These required installation of FGD units within two years to reduce SO2 emissions. SO2 is a harmful pollutant that converts into fine particulate matter (PM2.5), causing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Even with multiple deadline extensions, over 90% of plants have failed to install FGDs.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. RBI Imposes Penalties on HDFC Bank and Shriram Finance for Regulatory Violations: RBI has imposed a monetary penalty of ₹4.88 lakh on HDFC Bank for violating foreign investment norms while sanctioning a term loan to a client.Shriram Finance Limited was penalised ₹2.70 lakh by the Reserve Bank of India for non-compliance with certain provisions of the RBI (Digital Lending) Directions, 2025 after a statutory inspection based on its March 2024 financials.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Prajakta Koli Becomes The Only Indian On 2025 TIME100 Creators List: Prajakta Koli, popularly known as MostlySane, has been featured in the 2025 TIME100 Creators List, making her the first and only Indian-born digital creator to receive this global recognition.The TIME100 Creators List highlights the world’s most influential digital voices and includes global icons like Mr. Beast (Jimmy Donaldson), Khabane Lame, Kai Cenat, and Mel Robbins.Koli began her journey on YouTube in 2015, gaining fame through relatable comedy sketches based on everyday Indian life, amassing 7 million+ subscribers and 8 million Instagram followers.Beyond digital content, she has acted in Netflix’s “Mismatched”, Bollywood films like Jugjugg Jeeyo and Neeyat, hosted YouTube Originals’ “Pretty Fit”, and in 2025, published her debut novel “Too Good To Be True”.

Daily GK Update- 12th July, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. NESTS Signs MoU with Tata Motors to Empower Tribal Youth through Skill-Based Education and Employment Opportunities: The National Education Society for Tribal Students (NESTS) and Tata Motors Limited (TML) signed an MoU to enhance skill-linked education and employment for tribal students from Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS).Under this partnership, tribal students completing Class 12th will be enrolled in the Tata Motors Kaushalya Program, focusing on employability and vocational training.This five-year MoU reflects a shared goal of uplifting tribal communities through structured skill development, aligned with India’s national development and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

 

2. Kumar Mangalam Birla joining the USISPF Executive Committee: Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chairman of the Aditya Birla Group, has been appointed to the Executive Committee of the U.S.-India Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF) Board of Directors.He was also honoured with the Global Leadership Award at the 2025 USISPF Leadership Summit held in Washington, D.C., recognizing his global business influence. The Aditya Birla Group, India’s third-largest conglomerate, operates across diverse sectors with a global workforce of 180,000+ employees, and is known for its meritocratic culture and innovation-driven growth.

 

3. Kumar Mangalam Birla Joins USISPF Executive Committee: Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chairman of Aditya Birla Group, has joined the Executive Committee of the S.-India Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF). He received the Global Leadership Award at the 2025 USISPF Leadership Summit in Washington, D.C., recognizing his global business impact. Aditya Birla Group, India’s third-largest conglomerate, operates across multiple sectors with a global workforce of over 1.8 lakh employees.

 

4. Assam Cabinet Launches Gaja Mitra Scheme: The Assam Cabinet, led by Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, approved the launch of the Gaja Mitra Scheme in eight high-risk districts to address rising human-elephant conflicts through community-based rapid response teams in 80 conflict-prone villages. These teams, consisting of eight local members, will function during peak conflict periods like the paddy cultivation season to ensure safe elephant passage and safeguard local livelihoods.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. NESTS and UNICEF India Launch TALASH to Empower Tribal Students with Life Skills: The Ministry of Tribal Affairs, in collaboration with UNICEF India, has launched the TALASH initiative (Tribal Aptitude, Life Skills and Self-Esteem Hub) to promote holistic development among students of Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRSs). TALASH focuses on enhancing self-awareness, life skills, and career clarity among tribal youth, aiming to nurture both educational and personal excellence. It is the first national-level program of its kind specifically dedicated to tribal students, representing a focused effort to empower and uplift tribal communities through targeted educational support.

 

2. Prajakta Koli Becomes The Only Indian On 2025 TIME100 Creators List: Prajakta Koli, popularly known as MostlySane, has been featured in the 2025 TIME100 Creators List, making her the first and only Indian-born digital creator to receive this global recognition. The TIME100 Creators List highlights the world’s most influential digital voices and includes global icons like Mr. Beast (Jimmy Donaldson), Khabane Lame, Kai Cenat, and Mel Robbins. Koli began her journey on YouTube in 2015, gaining fame through relatable comedy sketches based on everyday Indian life, amassing 7 million+ subscribers and 8 million Instagram followers. Beyond digital content, she has acted in Netflix’s “Mismatched”, Bollywood films like Jugjugg Jeeyo and Neeyat, hosted YouTube Originals’ “Pretty Fit”, and in 2025, published her debut novel “Too Good To Be True”.

 

3. 11 July – International Day of Reflection and Commemoration of the 1995 Genocide in Srebrenica: The United Nations observes 11 July as the International Day of Reflection and Commemoration of the 1995 Genocide in Srebrenica to honour the victims and survivors. The genocide, which occurred in July 1995 during the Bosnian War, led to the massacre of more than 8,000 Bosniak men and boys in Srebrenica. The day serves to promote global awareness, remembrance, and education to prevent future genocides and uphold human rights.

 

4. 11 July – World Horse Day: World Horse Day is observed annually on 11 July to celebrate the significance of horses in human history, culture, agriculture, and sports. The day recognises the significant role horses have played in transportation, warfare, farming, and companionship across civilisations. It aims to raise awareness about horse welfare, protection, and ethical treatment, especially in industries where they are used for work or sport.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Centre Approves ₹1,066 Crore Relief for Flood and Landslide-Affected States: The Central Government has approved the release of ₹1,066 crore for flood and landslide-affected states—Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Kerala, and Uttarakhand, with Uttarakhand receiving the highest share of over ₹455 crore. So far in 2025, the Centre has released ₹6,166 crore from the State Disaster Response Fund to 14 states, ₹1,988 crore from the National Disaster Mitigation Fund to 12 states, and ₹726 crore from the State Disaster Mitigation Fund to 5 states. The government has provided logistical support including the deployment of 104 NDRF teams, Army units, and Air Force assistance across 21 states and UTs for monsoon-related rescue and relief operations.

 

 

SPORTS

 

1. Prasar Bharati Signs MoU with HAI to Boost the Sport Nationwide: Prasar Bharati and the Handball Association of India (HAI) have signed a three-year Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to produce and broadcast all national and international handball events. These events will be broadcast on DD Sports, Waves OTT, and other Prasar Bharati platforms. The MoU aims to significantly boost the sport’s reach and nurture talent in the country. Chairman of Prasar Bharati – Navneet Kumar Sehgal

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Dharmendra Pradhan Inaugurates Agricultural Technology Innovation Centre in Meerut: Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan inaugurated the Agricultural Technology Innovation Centre at Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Agricultural University, Meerut, aiming to transform farmers into entrepreneurs using AI and innovation. He emphasized AI’s potential in doubling farmers’ income and ensuring fair prices, and highlighted IIT Ropar’s role in leading the Centre of Excellence for AI in Agriculture. A new Skill Development Centre was also announced to support farmer-centric research and startups, with Union Ministers Jayant Chaudhary and Surya Pratap Shahi attending the event and backing the IIT-Agriculture University collaboration

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. AIIB Invests $100 Million in IIFL Home Finance to Boost Affordable Housing and Green Infrastructure in India: The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) has invested $100 million in IIFL Home Finance Limited to support affordable housing for low-income and economically weaker sections in India. This is AIIB’s first partnership with IIFLHF, promoting green building practices aligned with India’s climate goals and the Paris Agreement. The funding supports initiatives like Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban 2.0 and AIIB’s Sustainable Cities Strategy, addressing both the social and environmental sides of India’s housing needs.

 

2. RBI Imposes Penalties on HDFC Bank and Shriram Finance for Regulatory Violations: RBI has imposed a monetary penalty of ₹4.88 lakh on HDFC Bank for violating foreign investment norms while sanctioning a term loan to a client. Shriram Finance Limited was penalised ₹2.70 lakh by the Reserve Bank of India for non-compliance with certain provisions of the RBI (Digital Lending) Directions, 2025 after a statutory inspection based on its March 2024 financials.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Telangana Wins IESA Industry Excellence Award 2025 for State Leadership in Battery Manufacturing: Telangana received the India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA) Industry Excellence Award 2025 under the State Leadership – Battery Manufacturing category, recognizing its advancements in energy storage. The award was presented at the 11th India Energy Storage Week (IESW) 2025 held in New Delhi, acknowledging the state’s proactive efforts in fostering new energy technologies. With progressive policies like the Telangana EV and Energy Storage Policy and dedicated industrial clusters, the state has emerged as a national hub for battery manufacturing and EV supply chains.