Daily GK Update- 20th Dec, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Jiyo Parsi Scheme Helps Arrest Decline in Parsi Population; 232 Babies Born in Five Years: The Parsi (Zoroastrian) population declined sharply from 1.14 lakh in 1941 to 57,264 in 2011, prompting the Government of India to launch the Jiyo Parsi Scheme in 2013–14 under the Ministry of Minority Affairs.The scheme has three components—Medical Assistance (support for infertility and pregnancy-related treatment up to ₹30 lakh income limit), Health of Community (care for children and dependent elderly up to ₹15 lakh income limit), and Advocacy to raise awareness.Financial assistance is provided through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) after biometric verification; during 2020–21 to 2024–25, an expenditure of ₹17.64 crore resulted in the birth of 232 babies under the scheme.A 2025 evaluation by IIPS found the scheme largely successful with widespread acceptance among beneficiaries, and it is now being considered for continuation in the next Finance Commission cycle, as informed by Union Minister Kiren Rijiju in Lok Sabha.

 

2. MY Bharat Launches Dedicated Portal for Republic Day Celebrations–2026 Youth Competitions: The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, through the MY Bharat Portal, has launched a special webpage to host national-level youth competitions as part of Republic Day Celebrations–2026.The initiative includes Essay Writing, Painting, and Slogan/Signature competitions, aimed at fostering patriotism, creativity, and civic engagement among youth nationwide.Prize money has been announced for top performers, and selected participants will get an opportunity to attend and take part in the Republic Day Celebrations–2026 Parade.

 

3. Union Government Approves ₹887 Crore Plan for World-Class Mumbai Marina to Boost Coastal Shipping & Maritime Tourism: The Union Government has approved the development of a world-class Mumbai Marina at an estimated cost of ₹887 crore, aiming to boost coastal shipping, maritime tourism, and waterfront-led urban development.Named ‘Viksit Bharat Mumbai Marina’, the project aligns with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision for global-standard tourism destinations and strengthening India’s maritime economy, cleared by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways.The Mumbai Port Authority will invest ₹470 crore to construct core marina infrastructure on an EPC basis, while a private operator will develop onshore facilities with ₹417 crore investment; tenders close on 29 December 2025.Spread over 12 hectares of water area, the marina will berth 424 yachts up to 30 metres, and aligns with national frameworks such as Maritime India Vision 2030, Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047, Sagarmala Programme, Cruise Bharat Mission, and Mumbai Port Master Plan 2047.

 

4. Tamil Nadu Launches Smooth-Coated Otter Conservation Initiative: Tamil Nadu has launched a focused conservation initiative to protect the smooth-coated otter in the Cauvery Delta, responding to rising human–wildlife conflict and shrinking freshwater habitats. The programme reflects growing concern over the declining presence of this vulnerable species in the state’s river systems. The smooth-coated otter is the largest otter species in Asia and a key indicator of wetland health. Living in social groups known as bevvies, these otters hunt cooperatively and help regulate fish populations. A single group can consume large quantities of fish annually, maintaining balance in aquatic ecosystems. In the Cauvery delta, otters occupy irrigation canals, slow-moving tributaries, and mangrove edges, where they shelter in earthen holts along riverbanks. In fishing villages such as Anaikarai, otters are locally called “meenakutty” for their playful behaviour around nets and boats. However, reduced river flows and declining fish stocks have intensified competition. Otters are often injured after getting trapped in nets, while damaged gear and lost catch strain fisherfolk livelihoods. Pollution, pesticide runoff, plastic waste, and upstream dams have further reduced prey availability.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Second WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine Inaugurated in New Delhi: The Second WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine was inaugurated at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, with the theme “Restoring Balance: The Science and Practice of Health and Well-Being,” jointly organised by the WHO and the Ministry of AYUSH, and held from 17–19 December 2025.Union Health Minister JP Nadda and WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus highlighted the growing role of traditional medicine in global healthcare, with discussions on integration into national health systems, safety and quality standards, biodiversity conservation, and evidence-based research.The summit showcased India’s leadership in traditional medicine, including the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre at Jamnagar, ICD-11 Module 2, international collaborations, and research initiatives, reinforcing a global commitment to inclusive, sustainable, and balanced health systems.

 

2. Oman Allows 50% Indian Workforce Under CEPA Framework: India has secured a major employment concession for its workforce in Oman, with the Gulf nation permitting companies to employ up to 50% Indian nationals, a sharp rise from the earlier cap of 20%. The decision forms part of the broader Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between the two countries and is expected to significantly benefit Indian workers, professionals, and enterprises operating in Oman. Government officials said the revised cap ensures that Indian companies setting up operations in Oman are not compelled to recruit workers from third countries. The provision provides Indian firms greater flexibility in workforce planning while safeguarding opportunities for Indian nationals across skill levels. Importantly, the agreement includes a “standstill” clause, meaning the 50% ceiling cannot be reduced in the future, offering long-term certainty to Indian businesses and employees. The CEPA also includes a parity clause, under which any labour-related concession granted by Oman to Saarc countries will automatically extend to India. While Oman maintains requirements for hiring local citizens, officials clarified that restrictions are stricter only in select senior or sensitive job categories. For most sectors, particularly goods and services, the new framework is expected to ease labour mobility and reduce compliance hurdles for Indian firms.

 

3. Afghan Kunar River Diversion Raises Alarm Over Pakistan’s Water Security: Pakistan’s already fragile water situation is set to face fresh pressure as the Taliban-led government in Afghanistan moves ahead with plans to divert water from the Kunar River towards the Nangarhar region. The proposed project has triggered concerns in Islamabad over reduced downstream flows into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the risk of renewed strain in Afghanistan–Pakistan relations. According to reports, Afghanistan’s Technical Committee of the Economic Commission under the Office of the Prime Minister has approved a proposal to divert water from the Kunar River to the Darunta Dam in Nangarhar. The plan has been forwarded to the Economic Commission for a final decision. Once implemented, the project is expected to ease water shortages across large agricultural tracts in Nangarhar, supporting irrigation and local livelihoods within Afghanistan.

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Indian Army Departs for India–UAE Joint Military Exercise DESERT CYCLONE–II in Abu Dhabi: An Indian Army contingent has departed for the India–UAE Joint Military Exercise DESERT CYCLONE–II, to be held at Abu Dhabi, UAE, from 18 to 30 December 2025.The Indian contingent consists of 45 personnel mainly from the Mechanised Infantry Regiment, while the UAE Land Forces are represented by the 53 Mechanised Infantry Battalion with similar strength.The exercise aims to enhance interoperability and defence cooperation through joint training in urban warfare and sub-conventional operations under a United Nations mandate, including peacekeeping and counter-terrorism roles.

 

SPORTS

 

1. Smriti Mandhana Becomes First Indian Woman to Cross 4,000 T20I Runs: Indian star batter Smriti Mandhana etched her name in cricket history during the first Women’s T20 International against Sri Lanka in Visakhapatnam by achieving a landmark no Indian woman had reached before. The stylish left-hander crossed the 4,000-run mark in T20 internationals, underlining her consistency and longevity at the highest level. Mandhana became the first Indian woman cricketer to score over 4,000 runs in T20Is. Globally, she is only the second woman to achieve the feat, joining New Zealand great Suzie Bates. The milestone places Mandhana among the elite batters in women’s T20 cricket and reflects her sustained excellence across seasons and conditions. What makes Mandhana’s achievement exceptional is the speed at which she reached the landmark. She completed 4,000 T20I runs in just 3,227 balls, significantly quicker than Suzie Bates, who took 3,675 deliveries. This highlights Mandhana’s attacking intent and her ability to score at a high strike rate while maintaining consistency.

 

2. Sukhman Singh Wins IGU 124th Amateur Championship: Noida golfer Sukhman Singh delivered a commanding performance to clinch the prestigious IGU 124th Amateur Golf Championship of India at the historic Tollygunge Club in Kolkata. His emphatic victory capped an outstanding season and reaffirmed his status as one of India’s brightest amateur golf prospects. Sukhman defeated Harman Sachdeva of Haryana in the 36-hole matchplay final after establishing an unassailable 7UP lead with seven holes to play. The contest was evenly poised early on, with both golfers tied till the sixth hole. Sukhman surged ahead to go 4UP after 12 holes and maintained a 2UP advantage at the halfway mark of the final. Showcasing a sharp long game and confident putting, Sukhman maintained relentless pressure throughout the final. Although Harman briefly reduced the deficit to three after 23 holes, Sukhman responded with a string of birdies to stretch his lead to 6UP by the 25th hole. His consistent shot-making forced the tournament director to call the match after 29 holes.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. India Post Launches Karnataka’s First Gen Z-Themed Post Office at Acharya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru: India Post unveiled Karnataka’s first Gen Z-themed post office at Acharya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, aimed at engaging the younger generation and reimagining the role of post offices in the digital age.The post office includes colourful interiors, full Wi-Fi, selfie points, student-designed decor, reading areas, cafe-style seating, wellness spaces, and a physiotherapy lab, making it a social and functional hub for students.The initiative reflects India Post’s transition from traditional services like letters and money orders to digital banking, logistics, and e-commerce, showcasing its nationwide transformation to align with modern business models and youth engagement.

 

2. Cube-Shaped Skull Discovery Reveals Ancient Mexican Ritual: Archaeologists in Mexico have uncovered a uniquely cube-shaped human skull, offering rare evidence of an ancient cultural practice previously undocumented in the region. The discovery sheds new light on identity, ritual, and social structure among pre-Hispanic communities of Mesoamerica. The skull was found at the archaeological site of Balcón de Montezuma. The remains belonged to a man aged around 40 who lived more than 1,000 years ago. Scientific analysis of bones and teeth suggests the individual spent his entire life in present-day Mexico. Researchers confirmed that the unusual cube-like shape resulted from intentional cranial deformation, a practice carried out in early childhood. Boards and bandages were applied to an infant’s skull, gradually reshaping it as the bones grew. While cranial modification is known across Mesoamerica, the parallelepiped, or box-like, form identified here differs significantly from the more common conical or elongated styles.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Finance Ministry Unveils New Unified Logo for Regional Rural Banks: The Finance Ministry unveiled a new common logo for all 28 Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) to create a single and unified brand identity, strengthening their visibility and recognition nationwide.Under the principle of ‘One State One RRB’, 26 RRBs across 11 states/UTs were consolidated effective May 1, 2025, aiming to build stronger and more efficient rural banking institutions.The colours of the logo convey the mission of RRBs—dark blue represents finance and trust, while green signifies life and growth, reflecting their commitment to serve rural India.The branding initiative is part of the government’s effort to modernise RRBs, enhance their identity, and promote financial inclusion and rural development through a distinct and easily recognisable brand.

 

2. IRDAI Fines Care Health Insurance ₹1 Crore for Claims Settlement and Governance Lapses: IRDAI imposed a ₹1 crore penalty on Care Health Insurance Ltd for serious lapses in claims settlement, violating policyholder protection norms and corporate governance standards.The action followed a remote inspection, which uncovered failures in grievance redressal mechanisms, handling of unclaimed amounts, and deficiencies in reinsurance accounting practices.IRDAI also issued multiple warnings and advisories to the insurer for lapses in cybersecurity and overall compliance, reinforcing the need for stronger internal controls.

 

3. RBI Imposes Six-Month Restrictions on Gauhati Cooperative Urban Bank, Caps Withdrawals at ₹35,000: RBI imposed operational restrictions on The Gauhati Cooperative Urban Bank due to its deteriorating financial position, including a cap of ₹35,000 on customer withdrawals.The restrictions, issued as ‘Directions’, took effect from the close of business and will remain in force for a period of six months.Without prior RBI approval, the bank cannot grant or renew loans, make investments, incur liabilities, or disburse payments during the restriction period.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. NCSM Wins Two PRSI National Awards 2025 for Har Ghar Museum and Waste to Art Initiatives: The National Council of Science Museums (NCSM), under the Ministry of Culture, was conferred with two prestigious PRSI National Awards 2025 by the Public Relations Society of India.NCSM won the Best Use of Social Media in a Corporate Campaign award for the Har Ghar Museum initiative and the Special/Prestige Publication award for its “Waste to Art” publication.The publication highlights how nearly 1,250 kg of waste was creatively transformed into educational art installations across NCSM units, promoting sustainability and circular economy principles under Swachhata Hi Sewa.The awards were presented at the 47th All India Public Relations Conference held in Dehradun and were received on behalf of NCSM by Shri Rajib Nath and Shri Satyajit N. Singh.

 

2. Air India Retains Best Domestic Airline Title at Travel + Leisure Awards 2025: Air India has been named Best Domestic Airline at the Travel + Leisure India and South Asia’s Best Awards 2025 for the second consecutive year, based on reader votes reflecting passenger feedback.The award highlights Air India’s focus on comfort, service quality, and consistency, and acknowledges the efforts of frontline staff delivering services across airports and onboard flights.In 2026, Air India is set to receive six new widebody aircraft (B787-9 and A350-1000), with plans for 96% of narrowbody fleet and nearly 60% of widebody fleet to be new or upgraded by the end of 2026.

Customer-Centric Improvements: The airline continues to focus on gradual operational enhancements as part of its long-term strategy to strengthen customer experience and overall service quality.

 

Daily GK Update- 19th Dec, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. NCDEX Gets SEBI Nod to Launch Mutual Fund Transaction Platform: NCDEX has received in-principle approval from SEBI to launch a Mutual Fund (MF) transaction platform, marking a significant step in its strategy to become a diversified, multi-asset market infrastructure institution.The exchange will facilitate mutual fund subscription and redemption through an exchange-led framework, with a focus on low-denomination Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) to improve access for a broader investor base.National Commodity Clearing Limited (NCCL) will manage clearing and settlement of MF transactions, while the platform also serves as a strategic precursor to NCDEX’s planned entry into equity and equity derivatives markets.

 

2. President Droupadi Murmu Inaugurates Param Vir Dirgha at Rashtrapati Bhavan on Vijay Diwas: President Droupadi Murmu inaugurated the Param Vir Dirgha at Rashtrapati Bhavan on Vijay Diwas, featuring portraits of all 21 Param Vir Chakra awardees to honour India’s bravest soldiers.The gallery aims to educate visitors about the courage, valour, and self-sacrifice of Indian heroes, replacing colonial-era portraits of British ADCs with India’s own military legends, reflecting pride in the nation’s culture and heritage.Observed on December 16, Vijay Diwas commemorates India’s victory in the 1971 war, which led to the liberation of Bangladesh, highlighting the joint efforts of the Indian Armed Forces and Mukti Bahini in reshaping South Asia’s history.

 

3. Ponduru Khadi from Andhra Pradesh Receives Geographical Indication (GI) Tag: Ponduru Khadi, the traditional handspun and handwoven cotton fabric from Andhra Pradesh, has been awarded the Geographical Indication (GI) tag by the Geographical Indications Registry.Locally known as Patnulu, Ponduru Khadi is produced exclusively in Ponduru village, Srikakulam district, showcasing the area’s rich textile heritage.The fabric has been nominated under the One District One Product (ODOP) scheme, highlighting its importance for Srikakulam’s economy and cultural identity.

 

4. Bihar: Motihari Police Roll Out ‘Abhaya Brigade’ to Curb Harassment Near Schools and Colleges : Bihar, Motihari Police launched the ‘Abhaya Brigade’ to ensure the safety of women and girl students, with strict action including arrest and jail for miscreants harassing female students around schools, colleges and coaching centres.Special Abhaya Brigade teams have been formed in nearly all 50 police stations of East Champaran, each comprising women officers and constables, and have begun regular patrolling in uniform and plain clothes.The initiative, flagged off by SP Swarn Prabhat and formed under the directions of Deputy CM & Home Minister Samrat Choudhary, follows a zero-tolerance policy against crimes against women, focusing on preventing harassment, molestation, kidnapping and trafficking.

 

5. Gujarat’s Mitiyaj Becomes First Village to Run Gram Panchayat Office at Night: Mitiyaj Gram Panchayat in Gir Somnath district has become the first in Gujarat to operate at night, keeping the panchayat office open from 8:30 pm to 10:00 pm to make governance accessible for working villagers.The initiative, taken by Sarpanch Surpal Singh Barad, addresses the needs of farmers and daily wage labourers, enabling them to access essential services without losing daytime wages.Sarpanch Barad personally attends the night office hours, ensuring quick grievance redressal and smooth delivery of welfare services such as ration cards, Aadhaar work, pensions, and government schemes.

 

6. Haryana CM Nayab Singh Saini Announces Hansi as 23rd District of the State : Haryana CM Nayab Singh Saini announced Hansi as the 23rd district of the state, increasing Haryana’s total districts from 22 to 23, during a Vikas Rally in Hansi.It was in 2016 that the Haryana government put forward a proposal to carve the new Hansi district out of the Hisar district.The move is expected to improve governance, streamline public services, and accelerate overall development, addressing the demands of residents and local leaders.Since Haryana’s formation in 1966 with seven districts, new districts have been added over time; with Hansi’s inclusion, the state will now have 23 districts, enhancing administrative reach and focus on local needs.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Italy Becomes First Country to Have Entire National Cuisine Recognized by UNESCO: Italy became the first country in the world to have its entire national cuisine recognised by UNESCO as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in December 2025.The recognition highlights Italian cuisine as a living tradition encompassing diverse practices like pasta, cheese, wine, desserts, and regional foods, emphasising community bonding and intergenerational knowledge transfer.While Italy already has 21 elements on UNESCO’s intangible heritage list, this is the first time a whole country’s cuisine has been recognized, reflecting the importance of food in culture, identity, and social life.

 

2. Oman Allows 50% Indian Workforce Under CEPA Framework: India has secured a major employment concession for its workforce in Oman, with the Gulf nation permitting companies to employ up to 50% Indian nationals, a sharp rise from the earlier cap of 20%. The decision forms part of the broader Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between the two countries and is expected to significantly benefit Indian workers, professionals, and enterprises operating in Oman. Government officials said the revised cap ensures that Indian companies setting up operations in Oman are not compelled to recruit workers from third countries. The provision provides Indian firms greater flexibility in workforce planning while safeguarding opportunities for Indian nationals across skill levels. Importantly, the agreement includes a “standstill” clause, meaning the 50% ceiling cannot be reduced in the future, offering long-term certainty to Indian businesses and employees. The CEPA also includes a parity clause, under which any labour-related concession granted by Oman to Saarc countries will automatically extend to India. While Oman maintains requirements for hiring local citizens, officials clarified that restrictions are stricter only in select senior or sensitive job categories. For most sectors, particularly goods and services, the new framework is expected to ease labour mobility and reduce compliance hurdles for Indian firms.

 

3. Afghan Kunar River Diversion Raises Alarm Over Pakistan’s Water Security: Pakistan’s already fragile water situation is set to face fresh pressure as the Taliban-led government in Afghanistan moves ahead with plans to divert water from the Kunar River towards the Nangarhar region. The proposed project has triggered concerns in Islamabad over reduced downstream flows into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the risk of renewed strain in Afghanistan–Pakistan relations. According to reports, Afghanistan’s Technical Committee of the Economic Commission under the Office of the Prime Minister has approved a proposal to divert water from the Kunar River to the Darunta Dam in Nangarhar. The plan has been forwarded to the Economic Commission for a final decision. Once implemented, the project is expected to ease water shortages across large agricultural tracts in Nangarhar, supporting irrigation and local livelihoods within Afghanistan. The Kunar River runs for nearly 500 kilometres and originates in the Hindu Kush mountains in Pakistan’s Chitral district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Flowing south into Afghanistan, it passes through Kunar and Nangarhar provinces before merging with the Kabul River.

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Operation Hawkeye Strike Targets ISIS in Syria: The United States has launched Operation Hawkeye Strike, a coordinated series of airstrikes against Islamic State (ISIS) targets in Syria. The action follows the killing of three Americans in a December attack in the Syrian desert and marks a significant escalation in US military retaliation against the extremist group. Washington has described the strikes as a direct response aimed at deterring further attacks on US personnel. The operation was prompted by a December 13 assault attributed to ISIS, which resulted in the deaths of two members of the Iowa National Guard and a US civilian interpreter. The victims were part of a broader American deployment operating alongside coalition forces in eastern Syria. Following confirmation of the attack, US officials blamed ISIS cells active in remote desert regions, despite sustained counter-terrorism pressure over recent years. President Donald Trump termed the strikes a “very serious retaliation” and warned militant groups against targeting Americans. He emphasised that the action was a fulfilment of a public commitment to respond decisively. Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth framed the move as a “declaration of vengeance”, underscoring that the strikes were not the beginning of a new war but a focused punitive response. The White House reiterated that protecting US personnel remains a non-negotiable priority.

 

SPORTS

 

1. Shafali Verma Named ICC Women’s Player of the Month After World Cup Final Heroics: India opener Shafali Verma was named ICC Women’s Player of the Month for November, while South Africa spinner Simon Harmer won the award in the men’s category for his standout bowling performance against India.Shafali played a decisive innings of 87 runs off 78 balls in the Women’s World Cup final against South Africa in Navi Mumbai, the highest score by an Indian opener in a World Cup final, helping India post 298/7.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. BlueBird Satellite Launch Set for December 24: India’s heavy-lift launch vehicle LVM-3 is set to place a major US commercial satellite into orbit on December 24, marking another milestone in the country’s expanding role in global space commerce. The mission will be executed by NewSpace India Limited under a commercial agreement, highlighting India’s growing credibility as a launch service provider for high-mass foreign satellites. Indian Space Research Organisation has confirmed that the LVM3-M6 mission will lift off at 8.54 am from the second launch pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre. The mission was initially planned for mid-December but was rescheduled to December 24 following internal readiness assessments. The launch will place the BlueBird Block-2 satellite, also referred to as BlueBird-6, into low Earth orbit. NewSpace India Limited is responsible for executing the launch under a commercial contract. While the PSLV has historically been India’s workhorse for foreign satellite launches, the LVM-3 has emerged as a platform for heavier payloads. Its commercial debut in 2022 demonstrated India’s capability to launch satellites weighing well over five tonnes, expanding its addressable market in the global launch sector.

 

2. MLFF Tolling System to Go Nationwide by End of 2026: The Union Government plans to complete the nationwide rollout of the multi-lane free flow (MLFF) tolling system along with artificial intelligence-based highway management by the end of 2026. The initiative aims to eliminate waiting time at toll plazas and significantly enhance travel efficiency on national highways. Union Road Transport and Highways Minister Nitin Gadkari informed the Rajya Sabha that the MLFF system will allow vehicles to pass through toll points without stopping. The objective is to reduce waiting time at toll plazas to zero minutes. Under the new system, vehicles will be able to cross toll locations at speeds of up to 80 kilometres per hour, ensuring uninterrupted traffic flow and improved commuter convenience. The MLFF tolling mechanism will operate through an integrated technology framework. It will combine artificial intelligence-based number plate recognition, satellite tracking, and FASTag integration to automatically identify vehicles and deduct toll charges. This digital approach is designed to ensure seamless toll collection while minimising manual intervention and errors.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. India’s Unemployment Rate Drops to 4.7% in November: India’s overall unemployment rate (UR) fell to 7% in November 2025, the lowest level since April, for individuals aged 15 years and above, reflecting an improvement in the job market.Rural unemployment dropped to 3.9%, while urban unemployment fell to 6.5%, matching the lowest urban unemployment recorded earlier this year, according to MoSPI data.Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) increased to 55.8% overall, with rural LFPR rising to 58.6% and urban LFPR slightly dipping to 50.4%, indicating more people actively engaging in the workforce.

 

2. RBI Approves HDFC Bank to Acquire Up to 9.5% Stake in IndusInd Bank: The Reserve Bank of India has approved HDFC Bank, along with its group entities, to acquire an aggregate holding of up to 9.5% of the paid-up share capital or voting rights in IndusInd Bank.The approval is valid for one year till December 14, 2026, with the condition that HDFC Bank’s aggregate holding must not exceed 9.5% at any time; any increase from below 5% will require prior RBI approval.RBI has clarified that HDFC Bank will not have any representation on the Board of IndusInd Bank, ensuring regulatory compliance and governance safeguards.

 

3. Government Extends SBI MD Ashwini Kumar Tewari’s Tenure by Two Years: The Government has extended the tenure of State Bank of India (SBI) Managing Director Ashwini Kumar Tewari for another two years, marking his second such extension after the first in 2024.As per the regulatory filing, Tewari’s term has been extended beyond January 27, 2026, and will now continue till his superannuation on December 31, 2027; he was initially appointed MD in January 2021.The SBI Board is led by a Chairman and supported by four Managing Directors, with Ashwini Kumar Tewari continuing as one of the key members of the top management.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. PM Modi Receives Ethiopia’s Highest Civilian Honour, “The Great Honour Nishan of Ethiopia”: Prime Minister Narendra Modi received Ethiopia’s highest civilian honour, “The Great Honour Nishan of Ethiopia,” from Ethiopian PM Abiy Ahmed Ali at the Addis International Convention Centre.The award acknowledges Modi’s exceptional contribution to strengthening India–Ethiopia relations and his influence in global leadership.Modi became the first head of state or government worldwide to receive this honour and dedicated it to India’s 1.4 billion people.It is also the 28th top foreign state honour conferred on him by a foreign nation.

 

2. PM Modi Conferred Oman’s Highest Civilian Honour ‘The First Class of the Order Award’: Prime Minister Narendra Modi was conferred Oman’s highest civilian honour — The First Class of the Order of Oman by Sultan Haitham bin Tariq during his official visit to Muscat, recognising his contributions to strengthening bilateral ties between India and Oman.The award, traditionally given to eminent global leaders, marks a significant diplomatic recognition and places PM Modi among an elite group of world figures who have received this prestigious honour.This accolade is Modi’s 29th global honour, further underscoring his stature as a globally respected statesman.

 

Daily GK Update- 18th Dec, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Lionel Messi Virtually Unveiled 70-Foot Statue in Kolkata during GOAT India Tour 2025: Argentine football legend Lionel Messi virtually unveiled a towering 70-foot statue of himself in Lake Town, Kolkata, as part of the kickoff to his GOAT India Tour 2025, marking a grand tribute to his iconic career.The statue, depicting Messi and celebrating his achievements, including the FIFA World Cup, was commissioned at the Sree Bhumi Sporting Club and revealed remotely by the eight-time Ballon d’Or winner ahead of his arrival in the city.The unveiling event in Kolkata, which also featured appearances from celebrities like Shah Rukh Khan and fellow football stars, served as the opening highlight of Messi’s three-day tour across major Indian cities.

 

2. Jyotiraditya Scindia Unveils 25-Foot Statue of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in Belagavi, Karnataka: Union Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia unveiled a 25-foot statue of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj at Athani in Karnataka’s Belagavi district, calling it a historic moment that celebrates India’s spirit of courage, self-respect, and national duty.The unveiling symbolizes a resolve to carry forward the ideals of Hindavi Swaraj, inspiring future generations with Shivaji Maharaj’s values of fearlessness, strategic brilliance, and visionary leadership.The event highlighted the historical and strategic significance of Belagavi and Athani, linking Shivaji Maharaj’s southern campaigns to contemporary India’s vision of self-reliance, good governance, and cultural pride under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

 

3. Kavita Chand Scales Mount Vinson, Becomes First Woman from Uttarakhand to Summit Antarctica’s Highest Peak’: Kavita Chand, a native of Almora, Uttarakhand, successfully summited Mount Vinson (4,892 m) in Antarctica, marking a major milestone in her Seven Summits quest.Considered one of the world’s most unforgiving peaks, Mount Vinson tested the climbers with extreme cold, isolation and unpredictable Antarctic weather, requiring meticulous planning and acclimatisation.The expedition was led by renowned guide Mingma David Sherpa, with support from Bharath Thammineni and Boots and Crampon, as a nine-member Indian team successfully reached the summit.

 

4. University of Patanjali Declared India’s First Yoga and Ayurveda-Based Cluster Centre under Gyan Bharatam Mission: The University of Patanjali has been designated as India’s first Yoga and Ayurveda-based Cluster Centre under the Gyan Bharatam Mission of the Ministry of Culture, aimed at preserving and promoting ancient Indian knowledge systems.As a Cluster Centre, the university will mentor 20 institutions nationwide and lead efforts in research, education, digitisation, and dissemination of manuscripts related to Yoga, Ayurveda, and allied traditions.The recognition highlights the government’s push to safeguard India’s intellectual and cultural heritage, with the University of Patanjali becoming the first institution exclusively focused on Yoga and Ayurveda to receive this status under the mission.

 

5. Retired IAS Officer Raj Kumar Goyal Sworn In as Chief Information Commissioner : Retired IAS officer Raj Kumar Goyal (1990 batch) was sworn in as the Chief Information Commissioner (CIC) of the Central Information Commission, with President Droupadi Murmu administering the oath at Rashtrapati Bhavan.Raj Kumar Goyal has earlier served as Secretary, Department of Justice (Ministry of Law and Justice) and as Secretary (Border Management) in the Ministry of Home Affairs, before his superannuation.He succeeded Heeralal Samariya as the Chief Information Commissioner and was appointed with effect from December 15, under the provisions of Section 12 of the Right to Information Act, 2005. Far-right candidate José Antonio Kast of Chile’s Republican Party won the 2025 presidential election, securing about 58% of the vote in the runoff and defeating leftist Jeannette JaraKast’s victory represents Chile’s most significant turn to the right since the end of the Pinochet dictatorship in 1990, driven by voter concerns over rising crime, migration and economic issues.

 

6. Sairam Appointed as New Chairman and Managing Director of Coal India: State-owned miner Coal India appointed Sairam as its new Chairman and Managing Director (CMD), succeeding Sanoj Kumar Jha, who was holding interim charge after P.M. Prasad’s superannuation.Prior to this role, B. Sairam served as CMD of Northern Coalfields Limited and earlier as Director (Technical) at Coal India’s subsidiary Central Coalfields Limited.

 

 

7. 18 Deecmber – Minorities Rights Day: Minorities Rights Day is observed in India on 18 December every year to recognise and uphold the rights of religious and linguistic minorities in the country.Theme 2025 – Human Rights, Our Everyday EssentialsThe day emphasises protection, promotion, and awareness of the rights of minority communities as guaranteed under the Indian Constitution.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India and Liberia Sign MoU on Pharmacopoeia to Enhance Access to Safe and Affordable Medicines: India and Liberia signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on pharmacopoeia, aimed at promoting shared quality standards, regulatory alignment, and improving access to safe and affordable medicines.The MoU was signed by India’s Ambassador to Liberia, Manoj Bihari Verma, and Liberia’s Health Minister, Louise M. Kpoto, allowing Liberia to adopt the Indian Pharmacopoeia as a reference for medicine quality standards.The agreement is expected to strengthen regulatory collaboration, enhance global health cooperation, and ensure the availability of safe, effective, and affordable medicines in Liberia through standardized pharmacopoeial practices and advanced analytical techniques.

 

2. World Bank Sanctions USD 600 Million to Combat Air Pollution in UP and Haryana: The World Bank has approved nearly USD 600 million for two large clean-air programmes in Uttar Pradesh (USD 299.66 million) and Haryana (USD 300 million), aiming to improve air quality for around 270 million people in the Indo-Gangetic Plains.The Uttar Pradesh Clean Air Management Program (UPCAMP) focuses on reducing pollution from transport, agriculture, and industry, promoting clean energy transitions, e-mobility, and greener jobs, and helping 3.9 million households access clean cooking.Haryana’s Clean Air Project for Sustainable Development Operation targets emissions in transport, agriculture, industry, and urban development, including expansion of electric buses and e-three-wheelers, while also setting up ARJUN, a special purpose vehicle for coordination and monitoring.

 

3. Afghan Kunar River Diversion Raises Alarm Over Pakistan’s Water Security: Pakistan’s already fragile water situation is set to face fresh pressure as the Taliban-led government in Afghanistan moves ahead with plans to divert water from the Kunar River towards the Nangarhar region. The proposed project has triggered concerns in Islamabad over reduced downstream flows into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the risk of renewed strain in Afghanistan–Pakistan relations. According to reports, Afghanistan’s Technical Committee of the Economic Commission under the Office of the Prime Minister has approved a proposal to divert water from the Kunar River to the Darunta Dam in Nangarhar. The plan has been forwarded to the Economic Commission for a final decision. Once implemented, the project is expected to ease water shortages across large agricultural tracts in Nangarhar, supporting irrigation and local livelihoods within Afghanistan. The Kunar River runs for nearly 500 kilometres and originates in the Hindu Kush mountains in Pakistan’s Chitral district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Flowing south into Afghanistan, it passes through Kunar and Nangarhar provinces before merging with the Kabul River. Along with the Pech River, the combined waters re-enter Pakistan and eventually join the Indus near Attock in Punjab. The river system is a major source of irrigation, drinking water, and hydroelectric power, particularly for Pakistan’s north-western regions.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. India, UAE Launch Desert Cyclone II Military Exercise: India and the United Arab Emirates have launched the second edition of their joint military exercise, Desert Cyclone II, marking another step in deepening bilateral defence and strategic cooperation. The exercise is being conducted in Abu Dhabi from December 18 to 30 and focuses on enhancing joint operational capabilities in complex urban warfare environments. According to the Ministry of Defence, the Indian Army contingent comprises 45 personnel, primarily drawn from a battalion of the Mechanised Infantry Regiment. The UAE Land Forces are represented by a contingent of similar strength from the 53 Mechanised Infantry Battalion. The balanced participation reflects the emphasis on equal engagement and shared learning between the two forces during the exercise. The primary aim of Desert Cyclone II is to enhance interoperability and foster defence cooperation through joint training in urban settings. The exercise focuses on sub-conventional operations conducted under a United Nations mandate, preparing both armies for peacekeeping, counter-terrorism and stability operations. By training together in simulated built-up areas, the two forces aim to develop coordinated responses to modern security challenges.

 

SPORTS

 

1. Manu Bhaker, Simranpreet Brar Win Gold at National Shooting Meet: India’s top pistol shooters delivered standout performances at the 68th National Shooting Championship Competitions, with Olympic medallist Manu Bhaker and ISSF World Cup Final 2025 gold winner Simranpreet Kaur Brar clinching gold medals in their respective categories. The events were held at the Dr Karni Singh Shooting Range in New Delhi, reinforcing the depth of India’s talent in women’s pistol shooting. Double Olympic medallist Manu Bhaker secured the gold medal in the senior women’s 25m sports pistol event with a composed and clinical display in the final. Manu shot a total of 36 to finish comfortably ahead of the field. She maintained control throughout the decisive stages, finishing four hits clear of her nearest rival. Divya T.S. of Karnataka claimed the silver medal, while Anjali Choudhary completed the podium with a bronze. In the junior women’s 25m sports pistol event, Simranpreet Kaur Brar continued her impressive form by winning the gold medal. She produced a strong final performance, scoring 39 to outclass her competitors. The victory adds to her growing list of achievements in 2025 and confirms her status as one of the most promising young shooters in the country.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. India Unveils DHRUV64, Its First Fully Indigenous 64-Bit Microprocessor: India launched DHRUV64, the country’s first fully indigenous microprocessor, developed by C-DAC under the Microprocessor Development Programme (MDP), marking a major milestone in India’s semiconductor journey.The DHRUV64 is a 1.0 GHz, 64-bit dual-core processor capable of supporting strategic and commercial applications, with higher efficiency, enhanced multitasking, and improved reliability.The processor’s advanced design allows seamless integration with a wide range of external hardware systems, and its modern fabrication uses technologies similar to high-performance chips.DHRUV64 is suitable for multiple sectors, including 5G infrastructure, automotive systems, consumer electronics, industrial automation, and the Internet of Things (IoT), strengthening India’s indigenous processor pipeline.Before DHRUV64, India had already begun expanding its indigenous microprocessor development ecosystem in recent years, including SHAKTI (2018, IIT Madras), AJIT (2018, IIT Bombay), VIKRAM (2025, ISRO–SCL), and THEJAS64 (2025, C-DAC).

 

2. Completion of India’s Maitri II Antarctic Research Station Pushed to 2032: The completion of Maitri II, India’s next-generation research station in East Antarctica, has been delayed to 2032, with scientific operations expected to start later than initially planned, instead of the earlier target of January 2029.The project is estimated to cost ₹2,000 crore over seven years, and the Ministry of Earth Sciences has approved ₹29.2 crore for pre-investment work, including architectural design and preparation of the Detailed Project Report (DPR).Maitri II will strengthen India’s multidisciplinary scientific research in Antarctica, supporting studies in biology, earth sciences, glaciology, atmospheric sciences, climate research, and long-term environmental monitoring.Replacing Maitri I (operational since 1989), the upgraded station will feature modern laboratories, advanced ice-core storage and processing systems, expanded atmospheric observation facilities, and improved logistics to ensure year-round scientific operations.

 

3. MLFF Tolling System to Go Nationwide by End of 2026: The Union Government plans to complete the nationwide rollout of the multi-lane free flow (MLFF) tolling system along with artificial intelligence-based highway management by the end of 2026. The initiative aims to eliminate waiting time at toll plazas and significantly enhance travel efficiency on national highways. Union Road Transport and Highways Minister Nitin Gadkari informed the Rajya Sabha that the MLFF system will allow vehicles to pass through toll points without stopping. The objective is to reduce waiting time at toll plazas to zero minutes. Under the new system, vehicles will be able to cross toll locations at speeds of up to 80 kilometres per hour, ensuring uninterrupted traffic flow and improved commuter convenience. The MLFF tolling mechanism will operate through an integrated technology framework. It will combine artificial intelligence-based number plate recognition, satellite tracking, and FASTag integration to automatically identify vehicles and deduct toll charges. This digital approach is designed to ensure seamless toll collection while minimising manual intervention and errors.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. India’s WPI Inflation Remains Negative at -0.32% in November 2025: India’s Wholesale Price Index (WPI) inflation remained in negative territory at -0.32% in November 2025, indicating continued deflation in wholesale prices compared to the same month last year.The negative WPI inflation in November was an improvement from October’s -1.21%, showing a slower pace ofdecline as some prices, especially food items, began rising month-on-month.Deflation in wholesale prices was driven by declines in key components such as food articles, mineral oils, and crude petroleum & natural gas, despite some moderation in the rate of fall.

 

2. Mizoram to Sign USD 108 Million ADB Loan to Strengthen Public Healthcare System: The Mizoram government will sign a USD 108 million loan agreement with the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to strengthen the state’s public healthcare system under the project “Supporting Public Healthcare System Strengthening to Achieve Universal Healthcare for Mizoram.”Of the total loan amount, 90% will be repaid by the Central Government and 10% by the Mizoram government within 15 years, significantly reducing the financial burden on the state.

The loan will support the Mizoram Universal Health Care Scheme (MUHCS), launched in March, which provides ₹5 lakh cashless treatment cover per family at government and empanelled private/church-run hospitals.Mizoram has already spent over ₹100 crore under MUHCS, benefiting nearly 60,000 beneficiaries, while major healthcare infrastructure upgrades are underway, including expansion of Zoram Medical College & Hospital and strengthening of Aizawl Civil Hospital.

3. ADB Approves USD 240 Million Second Tranche for Chennai Metro Rail Expansion: The Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved a USD 240 million loan as the second tranche of the Chennai Metro Rail Investment Project to expand metro connectivity and promote cleaner, safer, and more reliable urban transport in the Chennai Metropolitan Area.This funding is part of ADB’s USD 780 million multitranche financing facility (approved in 2022) and will support the development of Metro Lines 3, 4, and 5, covering 20 km of elevated and underground corridors along with 18 new stations.The project includes universal access features and disaster-resilient infrastructure, aligning with Chennai’s low-carbon development goals and improving mobility amid growing urban transport demand.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. NLC India Awarded 110 MW Solar PV Project by NCRTC in Uttar Pradesh: NLC India Ltd. (NLCIL) has received a Letter of Acceptance (LoA) from NCRTC to develop a 110 MW grid-connected solar PV power project in Uttar Pradesh under captive mode.The project aims to power NCRTC’s entire Regional Rapid Transit System corridor, involving setting up, commissioning, operation, and maintenance of the solar plant, with completion expected within 24 months.The initiative will fulfill captive power requirements for NCRTC and promote the use of clean and sustainable energy in large-scale infrastructure projects.

 

2. YouTube To Stream Oscars Globally From 2029: The Academy Awards are set for a historic shift in broadcast history, with YouTube securing exclusive global streaming rights to the Oscars from 2029. The move ends ABC’s nearly 50-year association with Hollywood’s most prestigious awards ceremony and signals the growing dominance of digital platforms in premium live entertainment. The agreement will run until 2033 and promises free worldwide access to the Oscars. ABC will retain the rights to broadcast the Academy Awards through 2028, including the landmark 100th Oscars ceremony. From 2029 onwards, YouTube will become the global home of the event, marking a decisive break from traditional network television. ABC had reportedly sought to renegotiate lower fees amid declining television ratings, bringing an end to one of the longest-running broadcast partnerships in entertainment history. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences confirmed that YouTube’s deal covers full Oscars programming. This includes the main awards ceremony, red carpet coverage, backstage access and the Governors Ball. Industry sources indicate the agreement is valued at over $100 million, with YouTube outbidding rivals such as Disney and NBCUniversal. Advertising will continue during the broadcast, maintaining a key revenue stream for the Academy.