Daily GK Update- 25th Mar, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Central govt employees can opt for Unified Pension Scheme till June 30: Central government employees have until June 30, 2025, to opt for the Unified Pension Scheme (UPS), which becomes operational from April 1, 2025, providing a three-month window from the start date to make a decision.The UPS is available to employees who joined service on or after January 1, 2004, including those retiring by March 31, 2025, and even the legally wedded spouse of a deceased subscriber can join if the option wasn’t exercised before death.The scheme offers five major benefits: an assured pension (50% of average basic pay over the last 12 months for 25+ years of service), assured family pension (60% of the employee’s pension), assured minimum pension (₹10,000/month for 10+ years), inflation indexation, and a lump sum payment at superannuation alongside gratuity.Under UPS, the government increases its contribution to 18.5% (from 14% in the National Pension System), while the employee contribution remains at 10% of basic pay plus Dearness Allowance, with the corpus split into an individual pension fund and a pool corpus.

 

2. BHEL Secures ₹7,500 Crore Order for 800 MW Thermal Unit at Ukai Plant in Gujarat: Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd (BHEL) has won a ₹7,500 crore order from Gujarat State Electricity Corporation Ltd (GSECL) to establish an 800 MW supercritical thermal power unit (Unit-7) at the Ukai plant in Tapi district, Gujarat.The project, executed on an Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) basis, includes designing, supplying, and commissioning equipment like boilers, turbines, and generators, with commercial operations expected to commence within 54 months from March 21, 2025.This order reinforces BHEL’s long-standing partnership with GSECL, dating back to the first thermal unit installed at Ukai in 1976, and highlights its significant contribution to India’s energy sector with over 1,70,000 MW of installed power capacity nationwide.

 

3. Delhi becomes 28th legislature to join National eVidhan Application Platform: The Delhi Legislative Assembly has signed a tripartite Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (MoPA) and the Government of NCT of Delhi for the implementation of the National e-Vidhan Application (NeVA), making it the 28th legislature to adopt this digital governance initiative.NeVA aims to transition the Delhi Assembly to a paperless and transparent legislative system, aligning with the “One Nation, One Application” vision by digitizing legislative procedures, enhancing efficiency, and providing real-time access to documents.The platform is hosted on Meghraj 2.0, India’s cloud infrastructure, ensuring scalability, security, and accessibility across various devices, while also offering multilingual capabilities to accommodate diverse users.Delhi Assembly Speaker Vijender Gupta emphasized the rapid implementation of NeVA, committing to making the Assembly fully paperless within 100 days, marking a significant step towards digital transformation in legislative governance.

 

4. Govt Scraps 20% Onion Export Duty to Boost Farmer Incomes Starting April 1: The Government of India has withdrawn 20% duty on onion export, effective from 1st April 2025. A notification to this effect was issued by the Department of Revenue today on the communication of the Department of Consumer Affairs.To ensure domestic availability, the government had taken measures to check export by means of duty, minimum export price (MEP) and even to the extent of export prohibition for almost five months, from 8th December 2023 till 3rd May 2024. The export duty of 20% which now stands removed has been in place from 13th September, 2024.Despite export restriction, the total onion export during FY 2023-24 was 17.17 LMT and FY 2024-25 (till 18th March) was 11.65 LMT. Monthly onion export quantity had picked up from 0.72 LMT in September, 2024 to 1.85 LMT in January, 2025. The modal prices in Lasalgaon and Pimpalgoan on 21st March, 2025 were Rs.1330/qtl and Rs.1325/qtl, respectively.

 

5. Justice Harish Tandon takes oath as Chief Justice of Orissa High Court: Justice Harish Tandon has appointed as the next Chief Justice of the Orissa High Court. He is at present a judge of the Calcutta High Court.The Supreme Court collegium had earlier this month recommended the elevation of Justice Tandon as the Chief Justice of the Orissa High Court.The office of the Orissa HC chief justice fell vacant in January following the retirement of Justice Chakradhari Sharan Singh.Justice Tandon was appointed as a judge of the Calcutta High Court in April 2010 and has been functioning there since then.

 

6. Ashok Singh Thakur elected as Chairman of INTACH :Ashok Singh Thakur has been elected as the new chairman of Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) for a period of three years.Delhi-based INTACH, a premier heritage conservation body was established in 1984. It has chapters spread across the country.The Annual General Meeting (AGM) of INTACH was held on March 22 at its head office in New Delhi. The elections were held successfully for the post of chairman and governing council members.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Vikram Sahu to take over as the new Bank of America India Head: Vikram Sahu, head of global equity research of Bank of America, will take over as the new country executive, India.He will replace Kaku Nakhate, who will complete 15 years as the CEO of Indian operations in June.Sahu will relocate from New York in the second quarter of the calendar year to assume overall leadership of the India franchisee, according to an internal memo issued by Jin Su, president of Asia Pacific.

 

2. 24 March – International Day for the Right to the Truth Concerning Gross Human Rights Violations and for the Dignity of Victims: The International Day for the Right to the Truth Concerning Gross Human Rights Violations and for the Dignity of Victims is observed annually on March 24, honoring those who have suffered from severe human rights abuses and recognizing the importance of truth and justice.Established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2010, this day pays tribute to the legacy of Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero of El Salvador, who was assassinated on March 24, 1980, while advocating for human rights and dignity amidst widespread violations.

 

3. 25 March – International Day of the Unborn Child: The International Day of the Unborn Child is observed annually on March 25 to honour the value and dignity of unborn children and to promote a culture that respects all human life from conception.It was established in 1999 by Pope John Paul II, this day coincides with the Feast of the Annunciation, symbolising the moment of the Incarnation when, according to Christian belief, Jesus was conceived in the womb of the Virgin Mary.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. AIKEYME Maritime Exercise :The Indian Navy is set to conduct maritime exercise named AIKEYME, aimed at enhancing defence cooperation with several African nations. This initiative aligns with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision, termed MAHASAGAR, promoting security and growth across regions. The exercise will take place off the coast of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, co-hosted by the Indian Navy and the Tanzania Peoples Defence Force.AIKEYME stands for Africa-India Key Maritime Engagement. It is designed to strengthen maritime security and enhance interoperability among participating nations. The exercise will involve ten African countries: Tanzania, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles, and South Africa.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Oscar Piastri Wins Chinese Grand Prix: Oscar Piastri clinched his third career victory at the Chinese Grand Prix 2025, beating teammate Lando Norris by 6.3 seconds to secure first place.McLaren dominated the race, with Piastri and Norris finishing first and second, respectively, marking the team’s first one-two result since the 2021 Italian Grand Prix.

 

2. India clinches both Men’s & Women’s Kabaddi World Cup 2025: India has clinched both the Men’s and Women’s Kabaddi World Cup 2025 at Wolverhampton in England.The Men’s team defeated the home side England in the final match 44-41. Earlier, the Indian Women’s Team also defeated England with a dominating score of 57-34 in the final at the same venue.For the first time outside Asia, this tournament saw top kabaddi teams compete across the West Midlands, with matches in Birmingham, Coventry, Walsall, and Wolverhampton.At the inaugural edition, hosted by Malaysia in 2019, India won both the men’s and women’s crowns.

 

3. Pranati Nayak wins bronze in Women’s Vault at FIG World Cup: In Gymnastics, India’s Pranati Nayak has bagged the bronze medal in the Women’s Vault final at the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG) World Cup in Antalya, Turkey.The two-time Asian Championship medallist Pranati scored an average of 13.417 to secure her maiden World Cup podium finish, last evening.Jayla Hang of the United States claimed the gold with a score of 13.667, while her compatriot Clare Pease took silver with a score of 13.567.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Challenges in Eliminating Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis (TB) remains global health challenge. Despite advances in medicine, it affects millions each year. TB is primarily caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly targets the lungs but can also affect other organs.TB can be classified into two main types – pulmonary and extrapulmonary. Pulmonary TB affects the lungs and is the most common form. Extrapulmonary TB can impact other areas, such as the spine, brain, and kidneys. Miliary TB is a severe form that spreads throughout the body, causing various complications.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Public sector banks’ dividend rises 33% to ₹27,830 crore in FY24: Dividend payout by public sector banks (PSBs) have risen by 33 per cent to ₹27,830 crore in FY24, indicating significant improvement in financial health of these lenders.PSBs declared a dividend of ₹27,830 crore to shareholders in 2023-24 as against ₹20,964 crore in the previous fiscal, registering an increase of 32.7 per cent, according to the government data.Of ₹27,830 crore total dividend, nearly 65 per cent or ₹18,013 crore was paid to the government towards their shareholding in FY24. During 2022-23, the government received ₹13,804 crore as dividend from the public sector banks including State Bank of India (SBI).It is to be noted that 12 public sector banks recorded the highest ever aggregate net profit of ₹41 lakh crore in 2023-24 against the net profit of ₹1.05 lakh crore in 2022-23, and earned ₹1.29 lakh crore in the nine months of the current financial year.

 

2. Bank of Baroda Unveils ‘mDigiNext’ App to Enhance Corporate Cash Management: Bank of Baroda (BoB) has launched ‘mDigiNext mobile app’ to exclusively cater to the cash management needs of its corporate customers.BoB’s dedicated cash management services app offers payment functionalities that help businesses manage their working capital and cash flows, which, in turn, will bring in greater efficiencies and facilitate faster execution and ease of operations.It provides customers with 24×7 access to essential and advanced financial tools empowering corporates to make swift and informed financial decisions anytime, anywhere.

 

3. Recent Facilities Launched in Banking & Insurance Sector: HDFC Bank introduced the Embassy Fixed Deposit, a specialized foreign currency term deposit scheme exclusively available in USD, targeting diplomats, non-diplomatic staff, and diplomatic missions as eligible investors.IDFC FIRST Bank introduces “Ace” feature on its mobile app to provide 2500 plus MF optionsSBI Mutual Fund launches two new PSU bank-focused investment schemes named “SBI BSE PSU Bank Index Fund and SBI BSE PSU Bank ETF”Canara Bank becomes the first bank to introduce Online Digital Balance Confirmation Certificate through the PSB Alliance Pvt. Ltd portal.Avanse Financial Services Ltd. (Avanse) launched ‘SWALAKSH’, a specialised education loan tailored for female students aspiring to study abroad.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Hindi Writer Vinod Kumar Shukla Honored with 59th Jnanpith Award: Vinod Kumar Shukla, a renowned Hindi writer, has been selected for the 59th Jnanpith Award in 2024, recognized as India’s highest literary honor for his exceptional contributions to Hindi literature.At 88 years old, Shukla makes history as the first writer from Chhattisgarh to receive the Jnanpith Award, bringing pride to the state’s literary heritage.Shukla is acclaimed for his poetry and novels, notably Deewar Mein Ek Khirki Rehti Thi, which earned him the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1999, known for its simple yet deeply reflective storytelling.The Jnanpith Selection Committee, led by writer Pratibha Ray, chose Shukla for his distinctive creativity and unique narrative style, cementing his legacy in contemporary Hindi literature.

 

2. Recent Award: Maharashtra Bhushan Award 2024 – Veteran Sculptor Ram SutarOeko-Tex certification from Germany for Eri silk – North Eastern Handicrafts and Handlooms Development CorporationStockholm Water Prize 2025 – Austrian hydrologist Günter Blöschl (for his groundbreaking contributions to flood risk management and water resource engineering)Air Service Quality (ASQ) award – Bengaluru’s Kempegowda International Airport (for the third consecutive year)

 

Daily GK Update- 24th Mar, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Jal Shakti Minister Launches ‘Catch the Rain 2025’ Campaign in Haryana: On the occasion of World Water Day, Union Jal Shakti Minister R. Patil launched the country-wide Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain – 2025 from Panchkula, Haryana.This campaign has been launched in collaboration with the Ministry of Jal Shakti, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and the Government of Haryana.The objective of the Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain programme is to emphasise water conservation and management through community participation and innovative strategies.He also e-launched the ‘Mukhyamantri Jal Sanchay Yojana’ and the Water Resources Atlas for Haryana, which assists in scientific water resource management.Innovative water management projects, including community sanitation complexes, liquid waste management systems, the Gobar Dhan project and a solid waste management shed, were also unveiled in Haryana.

 

2. President Murmu attends Purple Fest 2025 at Rashtrapati Bhavan: President Droupadi Murmu has inaugurated the Purple Fest 2025 held at the Amrit Udyan in the Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi.The Purple Fest celebrates the talents, achievements, and aspirations of persons with disabilities (PwDs) also known as Divyangjan in India.The first Purple Fest in the country was organised in Panjim, Goa in January 2023.The Purple Fest has been organised by the Union Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment in association with the Rashtrapati Bhavan.

 

3. SECL’s CSR Scheme ‘SECL Ke Sushrut’ Becomes First Coal PSU Initiative Listed on DBT Portal: South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL), a subsidiary of Coal India, has achieved a significant milestone with its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiative, ‘SECL Ke Sushrut,’ becoming the first and only CSR scheme of any coal Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) under the Ministry of Coal to be listed on the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) portal of the Government of India.Launched in 2023, ‘SECL Ke Sushrut’ is a flagship educational initiative designed to provide free medical coaching to 40 meritorious and underprivileged students from the coal belt regions of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh, preparing them for the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET).In its first batch, 39 out of 40 students successfully qualified for NEET 2024, with 11 securing admissions in MBBS courses, demonstrating the program’s effectiveness in supporting educational aspirations.

 

4. Punjab Assembly 1st in India to broadcast proceeding in sign language: Punjab has become the first state in India to broadcast its state Legislative Assembly proceedings in Sign language.The path-breaking initiative is likely to make the proceedings of the Punjab Legislative Assembly accessible to the person suffering from deafness disability and make them aware about government policies and legislative discussions.The initiative to broadcast important parts of the legislative proceedings of the House was a brainchild of the Ministry of Social Security, Women and Child Development of the state government.

5. Government Appoints Rahul Bhave as MD and CEO of IFCI: Rahul Bhave has been appointed as the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer (MD & CEO) of IFCI Ltd by the Government of India, with the appointment approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet for a three-year term.Prior to this role, Bhave served as the Deputy Managing Director of IFCI Ltd and brings over 25 years of banking experience, including his tenure as Executive Director at the National Housing Bank.IFCI Ltd, established in 1948 as India’s first development financial institution, plays a key role in supporting industrial and infrastructure development, and Bhave’s leadership comes ahead of a planned restructuring involving the consolidation of the IFCI Group with entities like StockHolding Corporation of India Ltd.

 

6. Anuj Kumar Singh appointed as Joint Secretary in UPSC: Anuj Kumar Singh (IRSEE) has been appointed as Joint Secretary (Director level) in the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC), Delhi.The appointment has been made under the Central Staffing Scheme for a tenure of five years or until further orders, whichever comes earlier.Singh is an Indian Railway Service of Electrical Engineers (IRSEE) officer from the 2009 batch. His selection for Central deputation was recommended by the Ministry of Railways.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. In a first, Muzaffarnagar’s GI-tagged jaggery exported to neighboring Bangladesh :GI-tagged jaggery from Muzaffarnagar in Uttar Pradesh, a region renowned for its high-quality sugarcane, was flagged off for export toA consignment of 30 metric tons (MT) has been exported to Bangladesh.This initiative marks the beginning of direct exports of jaggery from western Uttar Pradesh to Bangladesh through Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) and Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs).The superior quality of jaggery produced in Muzaffarnagar and Shamli, which is in high demand in international markets.The Brijnandan Agro Farmer Producer Company (FPC), formed in 2023, has 545 members, including two women directors. The FPO is engaged in exporting jaggery, sugarcane products, Basmati rice, and pulses. With training and technical support from BEDF, its members are well-equipped to meet international production and export standards.

 

2. Anthurium flowers from Mizoram go beyond borders, exported first time to Singapore: Mizoram exported its first consignment of Anthurium flowers to Singapore, marking a significant milestone in the state’s floriculture sector. ​The shipment included 1,024 Anthurium cut flowers, weighing 70 kg, sourced from the Zo Anthurium Growers Cooperative Society in Aizawl and exported by IVC Agrovet Pvt. Ltd. ​Anthurium is one of the most important flowers cultivated in Mizoram, playing a vital role in driving local economic activity, particularly benefiting farmers, including women.The flower’s cultivation has been a source of livelihood and empowerment for local communities. Mizoram also organizes the annual “Anthurium Festival,” which promotes tourism and highlights the flower’s beauty and ornamental value.

3. 22 March – World Water Day: World Water Day is observed every year on March 22 to raise awareness about the need for sustainable water management and conservation.Theme 2025 – Glacier PreservationAt the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNICED) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the idea for World Water Day was first proposed.To emphasise the value of freshwater and promote the sustainable management of water resources, the United Nations General Assembly declared March 22nd to be World Water Day in 1993.

 

4. March 23 – World Meteorological Day: World Meteorological Day is observed every year on March 23 to highlight the importance of meteorology and its role in weather forecasting, climate monitoring, and disaster risk reduction.Theme 2025 – Closing the Early Warning Gap TogetherOn March 23, 1950, the United Nations (UN) created the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) as a specialised agency. The WMO’s mission is to advance global collaboration in climate science, hydrology, and meteorology. In 1961, the inaugural World Meteorological Day was celebrated.

 

5. 24 March – World Tuberculosis Day: World Tuberculosis Day is observed every year on March 24 to raise awareness about the devastating health, social and economic consequences of tuberculosis (TB) and to step up efforts to end the global TB epidemic.Theme 2025 – Yes! We Can End TB: Commit, Invest, DeliverAccording to the World Health Organisation (WHO), the date marks the day in 1882 when Dr. Robert Koch announced that he had discovered the bacterium that causes TB, which opened the way towards diagnosing and curing this disease.TB is an infectious disease caused by bacteria that most often affects the lungs. It spreads through the air when people with TB cough, sneeze or spit. Tuberculosis is preventable and curable.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

 

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Anahat Singh and Veer Chotani Triumph at SRFI Indian Tour PSA Challenger in Chennai: Indian Squash prodigy Anahat Singh and Veer Chotani have won the women’s and men’s singles titles, respectively at the SRFI Indian Tour PSA Challenger event.The SRFI Indian Tour PSA Challenger event was held at the Indian Squash and Triathlon Academy in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.The total Prize money for the men’s event was $15,000 and for the women’s event was also $15,000

 

 

 

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. C-DOT Partners With IIT Delhi To Develop AI-Powered Chatbot For Disaster Communication: India’s Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) has inked an agreement with the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT Delhi).Under this partnership, IIT Delhi will collaborate with C-DOT to develop a cutting-edge chatbot that leverages generative AI for improved customer support in disaster early caution and emergency conditions.This initiative aligns with India’s vision of strengthening disaster preparation, which aims to provide real-time, multilingual assistance to disaster managers, first responders, and affected communities.The AI-operated chatbot will use Natural Language Processing (NLP), Text-To-Speech (TTS), Speech-to-Text (STT) and imaging technologies to facilitate comfortable communication during the crisis.

 

2. Central government launches BioSaarthi to support Biotech Startups :The government of India has launched the BioSaarthi initiative to support Indian Biotech startups to expand their domestic and global reach and business.The BioSaarthi initiative was unveiled by the Union Minister for State (Independent Charge) for Science and Technology Dr Jitendra Singh in a function organised in New Delhi.The function was organised to celebrate the 13th Foundation Day of the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC).The Minister also released the “India Bioeconomy Report 2025” on the occasion. The “India Bioeconomy Report 2025” has been prepared by the Association of Biotechnology Led Enterprises – ABLE.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. HDFC Bank introduces Embassy Fixed Deposit.: HDFC Bank has introduced the Embassy Fixed Deposit, a specialized foreign currency term deposit scheme exclusively available in USD, targeting diplomats, non-diplomatic staff, and diplomatic missions as eligible investors.The minimum deposit amount for the Embassy Fixed Deposit is USD 5,000, with additional deposits required in multiples of USD 1,000, offering flexibility for incremental investments by eligible customers.Embassy deposits are available for certain tenures only. Diplomatic staff can book Embassy deposits for period of 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year.Interest rates for this deposit are updated monthly based on market conditions, ensuring competitive returns, while the scheme does not allow automatic renewal, requiring a new request form for reinvestment upon maturity.

 

2. RBI imposes penalty of Rs 36 lakh on IDBI Bank and Citibank: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has imposed a penalty of Rs 36.28 lakh on Citibank N.A. for contravention of the directions related to reporting of transactions undertaken under the Liberalised Remittance Scheme.RBI has also penalty of Rs 36.30 lakh has been imposed on IDBI Bank Ltd for not undertaking due-diligence while processing the inward remittances from a foreign currency account opened by a constituent.

 

Daily GK Update- 23rd Mar, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India to host third Central Asian youth delegation under International Youth Exchange Programme: The Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports will host the third Central Asian Youth Delegation to India from March 22 to 28, as part of the International Youth Exchange Programme (IYEP).This initiative aims to foster youth collaboration, promote cultural exchange, and strengthen diplomatic ties between India and the five Central Asian nations: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.The youth exchange program is in line with the vision articulated during the India-Central Asia Summit in January 2022, when Prime Minister Narendra Modi proposed an annual youth exchange initiative to enhance mutual understanding and cooperation among young leaders from the region.These meetings will emphasize the importance of youth diplomacy and underscore the need for strengthened international cooperation.

 

2. Comparing Kisan Aandolan 1.0 and 2.0: The Kisan Aandolan, or farmers’ movement, in India has seen two phases – Kisan Aandolan 1.0 and Kisan Aandolan 2.0. The first protest took place between November 2020 and December 2021, while the second unfolded from February 2024 to March 2025. Both protests aimed to address farmers’ grievances but differed vastly in their execution and outcomes.Kisan Aandolan 1.0 was marked by a large-scale sit-in by farmers at Delhi’s borders. Farmers demanded the repeal of three controversial farm laws. The protest lasted 380 days and saw public support. Over 750 farmers lost their lives during this period. The movement was led by the Samyukta Kisan Morcha, a coalition of over 500 farmer unions. The government ultimately repealed the laws on November 19, 2021, following intense negotiations.

 

3. Maharashtra’s Grand Memorial for Shivaji Maharaj: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was born on February 19, 1630. He emerged as a formidable leader during the era of Mughal dominance in India. His early life was shaped by his mother, Jijabai, who instilled in him a sense of duty and pride in his heritage.In 1666, Shivaji was invited to Agra by Aurangzeb. Sensing a trap, he attended in hopes of negotiation. However, he was placed under house arrest. Demonstrating remarkable cunning, Shivaji feigned illness and escaped by hiding in baskets of sweets. This daring escape enhanced his reputation as a master tactician and leader.

 

4. Aurangzeb’s Tomb: The tomb of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in Khuldabad, Maharashtra, is currently under scrutiny. Recent protests have sparked violent clashes in Nagpur. The protests demand the removal of Aurangzeb’s tomb, which has been a symbol of historical grievances. The protests have ignited a debate about historical memory and identity in India. Political leaders have called for a measured response to the protests. The situation has brought into light the tensions between historical narratives and contemporary politics.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. 21 March – World Day for Glaciers: World Day for Glaciers is observed annually on March 21 to highlight the critical role of glaciers in the global ecosystem.The day aims to raise awareness about glacier retreat due to climate change and its impact on freshwater supply, sea level rise, and ecosystems.Glaciers store nearly 70% of the world’s freshwater, making their preservation essential for sustaining life on Earth.The first World Day for Glaciers, declared by the UN in its resolution A/RES/77/158 along with the International Year of Glaciers 2025, encourage us all to act to preserve the vital role of glaciers in sustaining life on Earth for generations to come.

 

2. 21 March – International Day of Forests: International Day of Forests is observed annually on March 21 to promote awareness about the importance of forests and trees.The day highlights the crucial role of forests in sustaining biodiversity, providing livelihoods, and combating climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide.Theme 2025 – Forests and FoodThe International Day of Forests was established by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in 2012.

 

3. Dog-Faced Water Snake: Recently, the dog-faced water snake, scientifically known as Cerberus rynchops, was documented for the first time in Assam’s Nalbari district. This sighting is as it is located approximately 800 km from its known coastal habitats in Bangladesh. The presence of this species in inland areas raises questions about its adaptability and movement patterns.The sighting of the dog-faced water snake in Assam is unprecedented. It challenges the understanding of the species’ habitat preferences. This discovery could provide vital information about the species’ dispersal mechanisms and ecological adaptability. Further studies may reveal how this species can exploit habitats beyond its typical coastal range.

 

4. Migrant Deaths At Record High in 2024: In 2024, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) reported a staggering 8,938 migrant deaths, marking the highest toll recorded in five consecutive years. This alarming trend marks the perilous journeys many undertake in search of safety or better opportunities. The data reveals that the actual number of fatalities is likely much higher, as many deaths remain unreported.Asia recorded the highest number of migrant deaths in 2024, with 2,788 fatalities. The Mediterranean Sea followed closely, accounting for 2,452 deaths. Africa reported 2,242 deaths, while the Americas saw at least 1,233 fatalities, including 341 in the Caribbean. Europe recorded 233 deaths, and the Darien Gap between Colombia and Panama reached a new high with 174 fatalities.

 

 

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. What are Sonic Weapons?: Sonic weapons have emerged as contentious tools in crowd control. Recent protests in Serbia have brought into light their potential use. President Aleksandar Vucic denied allegations of using a banned sonic weapon against demonstrators. This raises questions about the legality and ethics of such devices. Sonic weapons can produce loud sounds designed to disperse crowds. They have been in use since the early 1990s, with military applications becoming prominent in the 2000s.Sonic weapons, also known as acoustic weapons, emit loud sounds over long distances. They can produce both audible and inaudible sound waves. These devices are capable of delivering voice messages or other sounds. The technology has evolved since its inception, focusing on crowd control and military applications.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Chandrayaan-4: Lunar samples provide invaluable data for scientific research. While robotic crafts can conduct in-situ studies, they are limited in the equipment they can carry. Returning samples to Earth allows for advanced analysis in sophisticated laboratories, leading to a deeper understanding of the Moon’s composition and history.The mission consists of five modules – the Ascender Module (AM), Descender Module (DM), Re-entry Module (RM), Transfer Module (TM), and Propulsion Module (PM). After launching, the crafts will dock in an elliptical Earth orbit to form an integrated craft. The DM and AM will then perform a powered descent to land on the Moon.

 

2. INCOIS Identifies Cyclone Formation and Intensification Factors: Recent advancements in cyclone research have emerged from the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information and Services (INCOIS). Scientists have successfully quantified the oceanic and atmospheric factors influencing cyclone formation and intensification. This research is crucial for enhancing cyclone prediction and improving contingency planning for coastal regions in India.The researchers developed a novel methodology to assess cyclone factors. They observed that prior to Tauktae’s development, humidity, ocean heat potential, moisture, and land temperatures were all above normal. This indicated the likelihood of intensified cyclone activity. The methodology was validated against other cyclones like Ockhi, Amphan, and Mocha, each exhibiting unique characteristics.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Recent Facilities Launched in Banking & Insurance Sector: SBI Mutual Fund launches two new PSU bank-focused investment schemes named “SBI BSE PSU Bank Index Fund and SBI BSE PSU Bank ETF”Canara Bank becomes the first bank to introduce Online Digital Balance Confirmation Certificate through the PSB Alliance Pvt. Ltd portal.Avanse Financial Services Ltd. (Avanse) launched ‘SWALAKSH’, a specialised education loan tailored for female students aspiring to study abroad.RBIH Launches DesignShaala™ to Drive Financial Innovation Through Human-Centered Design (launched by Nandan Nilekani)SBI Life Insurance launched two new child insurance plans, “SBI Life – Smart Future Star” and “SBI Life – Smart Platina Young Achiever,” aimed at helping parents secure their children’s financial future.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Günter Blöschl Wins Stockholm Water Prize :Günter Blöschl, a renowned hydrologist, has been awarded the prestigious Stockholm Water Prize in 2025. This recognition marks his contributions to flood risk management and water resource engineering. His work has transformed the understanding of floods and their relationship with climate change. Blöschl’s innovative hydrological models and databases have reshaped flood risk management. He emphasises that floods are influenced by both climate and regional processes. His findings advocate for adaptive solutions to flood management, moving away from one-size-fits-all approaches. This perspective is crucial as floods are increasingly recognised as global phenomena.

 

2. Veteran Sculptor Ram Sutar Chosen for Maharashtra Bhushan Award 2024: Veteran sculptor Ram Sutar the maker of the Statue of Unity, will be honoured by Maharashtra Bhushan 2024, the state’s highest civilian award.Ram Sutar is a Padma Bhushan awardee and designed the Statue of Unity which is the world’s tallest statue with a height of 182 metres.The award comprises 25 lakh rupees and a memento. Sutar is a centenarian but is still working on the Ambedkar statue at the Indu Mill Memorial project in Mumbai.Mr Sutar, who works with his son, has also been associated with many major projects like the 251-metre-tall statue of Lord Ram at Ayodhya, a 153-feet high statue of Lord Shiva in Bengaluru and a 100-feet tall statue of Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj at Moshi in Pune.

Daily GK Update- 22nd Mar, 2025

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. CSIR-IIIM & HAPICO Industries Sign MoU for Collaborative Biopesticide Development: The CSIR – Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu, signed an MoU with M/S HAPICO Industries Private Limited to jointly develop novel biopesticides.This strategic partnership aims to address the detrimental impact of chemical pesticides on human health and the environment.Given the rich biodiversity of medicinal and aromatic plants, the collaboration seeks to harness their potential for developing innovative and sustainable biopesticide solutions.The agreement signing ceremony was jointly organized by the RMBD&IST and FMB Divisions, under the overall supervision of Er Abdul Rahim, Head, RMBD&IST Division, and under the CSIR-IIIM, Jammu.

 

2. Disclosure of Form 17C: Voter turnout data is vital for ensuring electoral integrity. In July 2024, an analysis revealed discrepancies in voter turnout across constituencies. In many cases, the votes counted did not match the votes polled. This raised concerns among opposition parties about the credibility of election results. They argue that immediate access to Form 17C would facilitate accountability and transparency.Opposition parties have been vocal about the need for immediate publication of Form 17C data. They argue that discrepancies in vote counts undermine public trust in the electoral process. The ECI has been accused of delaying the release of accurate voter turnout figures. Critics contend that this lack of transparency can lead to manipulation and erode democratic principles.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India to host third Central Asian youth delegation under International Youth Exchange Programme: The Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports will host the third Central Asian Youth Delegation to India from March 22 to 28, as part of the International Youth Exchange Programme (IYEP).This initiative aims to foster youth collaboration, promote cultural exchange, and strengthen diplomatic ties between India and the five Central Asian nations: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.The youth exchange program is in line with the vision articulated during the India-Central Asia Summit in January 2022, when Prime Minister Narendra Modi proposed an annual youth exchange initiative to enhance mutual understanding and cooperation among young leaders from the region.These meetings will emphasize the importance of youth diplomacy and underscore the need for strengthened international cooperation.

 

2. Kirsty Coventry becomes 1st female president of IOC: Zimbabwe’s Kirsty Coventry has been elected as President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). She has become the first female President in IOC history.The 41-year-old Zimbabwean was elected at the 144th IOC Session in Costa Navarino, Greece.Coventry will succeed the ninth IOC President, Thomas Bach, whose 12-year tenure will officially end after June 23.Kirsty Coventry secured 49 votes out of the 97 votes cast and was declared elected.The term of the IOC President is eight years. The President is eligible for re-election once for a period of four years.

 

3. 20 March – French Language Day: French Language Day, observed on March 20, is an annual celebration established by the United Nations to promote the French language and its cultural significance worldwide.The day coincides with the International Day of La Francophonie, recognizing the global community of French-speaking nations.The UN created Language Days to highlight multilingualism and cultural diversity, assigning March 20 to French in 2010.The date marks the foundation of the International Organisation of La Francophonie (OIF) in 1970, which promotes cooperation among French-speaking countries.

French is an official language in 29 countries and one of the six official languages of the UN.

 

4. 21 March – World Poetry Day: World Poetry Day is celebrated every year on 21 March.It was established by UNESCO in 1999 to promote the reading, writing, and teaching of poetry, recognizing its role in cultural and linguistic expression worldwide.The day supports linguistic diversity by encouraging poetic expression in endangered languages, honoring poets and strengthening ties between poetry and other arts like music and dance.

 

5. 21 March – World Down Syndrome Day: World Down Syndrome Day (WDSD) is observed annually on March 21 to raise awareness about Down Syndrome and advocate for the rights, inclusion, and well-being of individuals with the condition.Theme 2025 – Improve Our Support SystemsThe day promotes early intervention, education, and healthcare access to improve the quality of life for individuals with Down Syndrome.In December 2011, the General Assembly declared 21 March as World Down Syndrome Day (A/RES/66/149). The General Assembly decided, with effect from 2012, to observe World Down Syndrome Day on 21 March each year.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. What are Sonic Weapons?: Sonic weapons have emerged as contentious tools in crowd control. Recent protests in Serbia have brought into light their potential use. President Aleksandar Vucic denied allegations of using a banned sonic weapon against demonstrators. This raises questions about the legality and ethics of such devices. Sonic weapons can produce loud sounds designed to disperse crowds. They have been in use since the early 1990s, with military applications becoming prominent in the 2000s.Sonic weapons, also known as acoustic weapons, emit loud sounds over long distances. They can produce both audible and inaudible sound waves. These devices are capable of delivering voice messages or other sounds. The technology has evolved since its inception, focusing on crowd control and military applications.

 

SPORTS

 

1. India to host 11th Asian Swimming Championship in Ahmedabad: India will host the 11th Asian Swimming Championship at the Naranpura Sports Complex in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.The Swimming Federation of India announced that it has received in-principle approval from both the Gujarat government and Asia Aquatics to organize the championship.The event will take place from October 1 to 15. The championship will feature swimming, diving, artistic swimming, and water polo.Swimmers from Japan and South Korea are expected to compete at the continental meet, marking the event’s first-ever edition in the country. The 10th Asian Age Group Championships in 2019 was the last international swimming event hosted by India.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. What is Noma?: Noma, also known as cancrum oris, is a severe, gangrenous disease primarily affecting children aged 2 to 6 years. It is classified as a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization (WHO) as of December 2023. Noma is most prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa but has also been reported in parts of Asia and the Americas. The disease is characterised by rapid progression, often leading to severe disfigurement and social stigma.Early detection is crucial for effective treatment. At the acute necrotising gingivitis stage, interventions include improved oral hygiene, antibiotics, and nutrition supplements. Proper treatment can prevent long-term complications. However, survival rates are low; approximately 15% of children survive acute noma. Survivors often face severe disfigurements, requiring reconstructive surgery and ongoing rehabilitation.

 

2. Chandrayaan-4: Chandrayaan-4 is India’s fourth lunar mission, set to launch in October 2027. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) aims to achieve a remarkable feat by not only soft landing on the Moon but also collecting lunar samples and returning them to Earth. This mission represents advancement in India’s space exploration capabilities.Chandrayaan-4 will consist of two crafts, each weighing approximately 4,750 kg. Instead of a single massive craft, ISRO will use two LVM3 rockets for launch. The mission will involve intricate docking and undocking procedures in space, enhancing India’s technological expertise.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Fitch retains FY26 India growth at 6.5%: Fitch Ratings has maintained its GDP growth forecast for India at 6.5% for the fiscal year 2025-26 (FY26), reflecting confidence in India’s economic resilience despite global trade uncertainties, driven by strong domestic spending and business confidence.The agency raised its GDP growth projection for India in fiscal year 2026-27 (FY27) to 6.3%, up from the previous 6.2%, citing sustained investment growth fueled by high government capital expenditure and a lower cost of capital.Indian economy gained momentum in the December quarter, expanding 6.2% from a seven-quarter low of 5.6% in the quarter before, led by improved consumer spending.

2. IDFC FIRST Bank introduces “Ace” feature on its mobile app to provide 2500 plus MF options: IDFC FIRST Bank has incorporated an “Ace” feature on its mobile banking app that will provide details on more than 2500 mutual funds. This is aimed at promoting ‘do-it-yourself’ investing among its customers.The private sector bank’s customers can browse through various fund categories (like Equity, Debt, Tax-Saving, Hybrid, and Index funds) and choose the right need-based fund to build a diversified portfolio.They can also access detailed information – like historical fund performance (1Y, 3Y & 5Y), holding patterns (by sectors, companies, and market cap), and expert ratings on each fund (Morningstar Rating).

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Hydrologist Günter Blöschl wins 2025 Stockholm Water Prize: Austrian hydrologist Günter Blöschl has been awarded the prestigious 2025 Stockholm Water Prize for his groundbreaking contributions to flood risk management and water resource engineering.Blöschl, recognized as the world’s leading flood hydrologist, was honoured for his innovative work linking climate change to increased flood risks, advancing global understanding of regional flood processes.The award will be presented to Blöschl by King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden during World Water Week in Stockholm in August 2025.His research has significantly influenced sustainable water management practices, earning praise from the Stockholm Water Prize Committee for its impact on addressing climate-related challenges.The Stockholm Water Prize is awarded by the Stockholm Water Foundation in cooperation with the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

 

2. Sustainable Eri Silk from Northeast India Secures Global Recognition with Oeko-Tex Certification from Germany: The North Eastern Handicrafts and Handlooms Development Corporation (NEHHDC) secured the prestigious Oeko-Tex certification from Germany for Eri silk.

The certification ensures international buyers that eri silk meets international safety and quality standards, boosting consumer confidence and facilitating its acceptance in high-end markets.Known as the world’s only vegan silk, Eri silk from Northeast India, particularly Assam, is produced ethically without harming silkworms, aligning with global demands for chemical-free, environmentally responsible fabrics.