DAILY GK Update- 2nd Nov, 2025

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. EPFO Hosts Gurcharan Das in 22nd Edition of ‘Reimagining Governance: Discourse for Excellence’: The Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO), through its Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya National Academy of Social Security (PDUNASS), organised the 22nd edition of “Reimagining Governance: Discourse for Excellence (RGDE)”.Gurcharan Das, renowned author, public intellectual, and former CEO of Procter & Gamble India, was the keynote speaker at the event.Around 800 EPFO officers from across India participated, as the session focused on ethics, public service, and excellence in governance, continuing PDNASS’s monthly knowledge series.

 

2. President Droupadi Murmu Becomes First Indian President to Fly in Two Fighter Jets: President Droupadi Murmu made history by becoming the first President of India to fly in two different fighter jets, taking a Rafale sortie from the Indian Air Force Station, Ambala, on October 29, 2025. She had earlier flown in a Sukhoi-30 MKI from Tezpur, Assam, in April 2023.The 30-minute sortie, piloted by Group Captain Amit Gehani, covered around 200 km, reaching an altitude of 15,000 feet and a speed of 700 km/h.She was accorded a ceremonial guard of honour on arrival and interacted with Squadron Leader Shivangi Singh, India’s first woman Rafale pilot, before the flight.

 

3. MSDE, Aditya Birla Capital Foundation & BITS Pilani Launch Innovation and Start-up Challenge for NSTI Students: The Directorate General of Training (DGT) under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) has partnered with the Aditya Birla Capital Foundation (ABCF) and Pilani Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development Society (PIEDS) of BITS Pilani to launch an Innovation and Start-up Challenge for NSTI students across India.The program aims to promote innovation, entrepreneurship, and start-up culture among students enrolled in National Skill Training Institutes (NSTIs), fostering creativity and self-employment opportunities.33 NSTIs are operating nationwide with over 10,000 trainees pursuing vocational training under Craft Instructor Training Schemes (CITS) and Craftsmen Training Schemes (CTS), preparing a skilled workforce for various industries.

 

4. Kishan Reddy Launches KOYLA SHAKTI Dashboard and CLAMP Portal to Revolutionize Coal Sector Digitization: Union Minister of Coal and Mines, Shri G. Kishan Reddy, launched two digital initiatives — KOYLA SHAKTI Dashboard and CLAMP Portal — via video conference in New Delhi, aiming to modernise India’s coal sector.A unified digital platform integrating the entire coal value chain from mine to market, enabling real-time coordination among coal companies, railways, ports, and industries to improve logistics, transparency, and decision-making.The Coal Land Acquisition, Management, and Payment (CLAMP) Portal digitizes land acquisition, compensation, and R&R processes, serving as a centralized repository to ensure transparency, accountability, and faster execution in land-related matters.

 

5. NHAI Simplifies ‘Know Your Vehicle (KYV)’ Process to Ease FASTag User Experience: The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has simplified the Know Your Vehicle (KYV) process for FASTag users to enhance convenience and customer experience, as per new guidelines issued by the Indian Highways Management Company Limited (IHMCL).Under the revised rules, FASTag services will not be discontinued for non-compliant users; instead, they will be given adequate time to complete the KYV process.The simplified process now requires only a front photo showing the number plate and FASTag, eliminating the need for side photographs, while RC details will be fetched automatically from the Vahan portal using vehicle, chassis, or mobile number.Existing FASTags issued before the KYV policy will remain active unless misuse or complaints are reported, and issuer banks will send SMS reminders to users to complete their KYV.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Malaysia Hands Over ASEAN Chairmanship to the Philippines at 47th ASEAN Summit: Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Chairmanship was formally handed over by Anwar Ibrahim of Malaysia to Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. of Philippines, who will assume the chairmanship in 2026.The handover took place at the closing ceremony of the 47th ASEAN Summit in Kuala Lumpur, with Malaysia symbolically passing the gavel to the Philippines, marking Manila’s sixth term as ASEAN Chair.The transition highlights ASEAN’s evolving focus on deepening regional integration, broadening membership (e.g., the accession of TimorLeste as the 11th member), and reinforcing the bloc’s role amid growing global geopolitical and economic challenges.

 

2. 31 October – Rashtriya Ekta Diwas: Rashtriya Ekta Diwas (National Unity Day) is celebrated every year on 31 October to commemorate the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, known as the Iron Man of India for his pivotal role in unifying the nation after independence.Theme 2025 – Ek Bharat, Aatmanirbhar BharatThe day was first observed in 2014, when the Government of India introduced it to honour Patel’s contribution to national integration and administrative reforms.The Statue of Unity in Gujarat, the world’s tallest statue, stands as a symbol of his vision for a united and strong India.

 

3. 29 October – International Day of Care and Support: The United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 29 October as the International Day of Care and Support in 2023, to recognise the crucial role of paid and unpaid care work in sustaining societies and economies.The day aims to promote gender equality by recognising, reducing, redistributing, and rewarding unpaid care and domestic work, which is largely carried out by women worldwide.

 

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Pakistan’s Hangor-Class Submarines and Possible Shift in Naval Balance in Indian Ocean: Pakistan’s naval capabilities are set for a major boost from next year with the induction of advanced Hangor-class submarines built in collaboration with China. The move marks a significant enhancement in Pakistan’s maritime posture and is expected to challenge India’s current conventional submarine advantage in the region. Under a $5 billion agreement, Pakistan will acquire eight Hangor-class (Type 039A Yuan-class) diesel-electric submarines equipped with air-independent propulsion (AIP). Four of these are being constructed in China, while the remaining four are being built at Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works. The first vessel is expected to enter active service in 2026, with full delivery by 2028. This cooperation reflects deepening military ties between China and Pakistan, extending from land to sea domains. The Hangor-class boats come fitted with advanced sensors, weapons, and AIP systems that allow them to remain submerged for up to three weeks—offering a critical stealth advantage. Conventional diesel-electric submarines must surface every few days to recharge batteries, while AIP-enabled vessels can maintain longer underwater endurance. These capabilities significantly enhance Pakistan’s anti-access/area-denial (A2/AD) strength in the Arabian Sea.

SPORTS

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Global ‘Baby Bust’ Forecast by 2100: A new study published in “The Lancet” warns that the world is heading towards a dramatic decline in fertility rates, with 97% of countries expected to have below-replacement birth levels by 2100. Researchers from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) describe this as a “demographically divided world” that could reshape economies and societies worldwide. According to the study, the total fertility rate (TFR) — the average number of children born per woman — must remain at 2.1 to sustain population levels. By 2050, 155 of 204 countries (76%) will fall below this replacement level, rising to 198 nations (97%) by 2100. The global TFR has halved in seven decades, dropping from 5.0 in 1950 to 2.2 in 2021. Nations such as South Korea and Serbia have some of the world’s lowest rates, under 1.1 children per woman. While fertility rates are plummeting in Europe, East Asia, and North America, parts of sub-Saharan Africa continue to experience population surges. Countries like Chad report a TFR as high as seven births per woman, twice the global average. This stark contrast is creating what experts term a dual demographic challenge — ageing populations in wealthy nations and youth bulges in developing regions.

 

2. COP30 Brazil: India Advocates Fair Climate Deal for Developing Nations: As nations prepare for the 30th UN Climate Change Conference (COP30) in Belém, Brazil, India’s delegation is set to prioritise fairness, finance, and technology access over new emission-cutting commitments. The summit, marking a decade since the Paris Agreement, will see Brazil showcase its forest conservation success alongside the proposed “Tropical Forest Forever Fund,” even as contradictions in its climate strategy draw scrutiny. Brazil, the fifth-largest global emitter, recorded a 17 per cent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in 2024, its sharpest decline in 16 years, mainly due to curbs on Amazon and Cerrado deforestation. The country plans to introduce a “Tropical Forest Forever Fund” — a permanent, multilateral financing mechanism rewarding tropical nations for forest preservation. The initiative aligns with President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s aim to make COP30 a “COP of implementation,” centred on tangible results and long-term funding models.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. India to Spotlight “Inclusive Growth” at World Social Summit in Doha: Union Minister for Labour and Employment Mansukh Mandaviya will represent India at the Second World Summit for Social Development (WSSD-2) in Doha, Qatar, from 4–6 November 2025. The Summit aims to reaffirm global commitment to eradicating poverty, promoting decent work, and advancing social inclusion nearly three decades after the 1995 Copenhagen Summit. During the Opening Plenary, Mandaviya will deliver India’s National Statement, outlining the nation’s transformative progress in social and economic development. He will also take part in the adoption of the Doha Political Declaration and address a high-level round table on strengthening the three pillars of social development — poverty eradication, full and productive employment, and social inclusion. At the Summit, India will present its remarkable progress in poverty alleviation and social protection. Between 2011 and 2023, 248 million Indians were lifted out of multidimensional poverty, reducing poverty levels to just 2.3 per cent in 2022–23. Flagship initiatives such as the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana, PM Awas Yojana, and Jan Dhan Yojana have been central to this success. The JAM Trinity—Jan Dhan, Aadhaar, and Mobile—has transformed welfare delivery, ensuring transparency and efficiency in benefit distribution.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Kerala State Film Awards 2025: The 55th Kerala State Film Awards were announced in Thrissur by State Minister for Fisheries, Culture, and Youth Affairs, Saji Cherian. Chaired by veteran actor Prakash Raj, the seven-member jury selected the winners from 128 film entries submitted for the 2024 season. “Manjummel Boys” emerged as the biggest winner, sweeping several major categories including Best Film and Best Director. Veteran actor Mammootty won the Best Actor award for his stellar performance in “Bramayugam”, while Shamla Hamza bagged the Best Actress award for “Feminichi Fathima”. The Best Film honour went to “Manjummel Boys”, directed by Chidambaram S Poduval, who also received the Best Director award. The Best Second Film was awarded to “Feminichi Fathima” and “Premalu” won Best Popular Film. The awards recognised excellence across all aspects of filmmaking. “Manjummel Boys” led in several categories such as Best Cinematography (Shyju Khalid), Best Production Design (Ajayan Chalissery), Best Original Screenplay (Chidambaram S Poduval), Best Sound Design, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Lyricist (Vedan). Sushin Shyam won Best Music Director for “Bougainvillea”, and Christo Xavier received Best Background Score for “Bramayugam”.

 

Daily GK Update- 1st Nov, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. DoSJE Signs MoU with Persolkelly India to Boost Employment Opportunities for SC and Backward Class Communities: The Department of Social Justice & Empowerment (DoSJE) signed an MoU with Persolkelly India Pvt. Ltd., a leading HR and staffing company, to enhance employment opportunities for candidates from Scheduled Castes (SC) and Backward Classes (BC) communities.Through this initiative, verified candidate data will be shared with the HR partner to enable better placements, while beneficiaries will receive free counselling, resume building, interview preparation, and placement assistance.The partnership ensures data privacy, transparency, and regular monitoring, while helping connect skilled SC and BC candidates with suitable jobs across sectors.

 

2. PM Modi Inaugurates ₹1,219 Crore Development Projects in Kevadia of Sardar Patel’s 150th Jayanti: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated and laid the foundation stones for several development projects worth ₹1,219 crore in Kevadia, of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s 150th birth anniversary.The projects include the Birsa Munda Bhavan, a residential complex for GSEC and SSNNL employees, the first phase of the hospitality district, and a Bonsai Garden, enhancing the region’s cultural and tourism infrastructure.During the event, the PM also flagged off electric buses to promote eco-friendly transport and released a commemorative coin and postage stamp in honor of the Iron Man of India, Sardar Patel.

 

3. Government Launches ‘Model Youth Gram Sabha’ Initiative to Empower Students in Grassroots Democracy Across 1,000+ Schools Nationwide: The Ministry of Panchayati Raj, in collaboration with the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, launched the first-ever “Model Youth Gram Sabha (MYGS)” initiative on 30th October 2025 in New Delhi.During the event, a Training Module and the MYGS Portal were unveiled to enhance the effective implementation of the initiative, strengthen teacher capacity, and encourage active student participation in grassroots democracy.The initiative will be implemented across over 1,000 schools nationwide, including Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNVs), Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRSs), and various State Government Schools.

 

4. Justice Surya Kant Appointed as 53rd Chief Justice of India: Justice Surya Kant was appointed as the 53rd Chief Justice of India (CJI) on October 30, 2025, and will assume office on November 24, 2025, serving till February 9, 2027.The Department of Justice, Union Law Ministry, issued the official notification of his appointment; he will succeed Justice Bhushan R. Gavai, who retires on November 23.A distinguished legal career began in 1985 at the Punjab and Haryana High Court, where he later became the youngest Advocate General of Haryana in 2000 and was elevated as a High Court Judge in 2004.Justice Surya Kant has also served as Chief Justice of Himachal Pradesh High Court (2018), was elevated to the Supreme Court (2019), and currently serves as the Executive Chairman of NALSA (since May 2025).

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. UN Launches First-Ever Global Convention Against Cybercrime in Hanoi to Strengthen International Digital Security Framework: The United Nations Convention against Cybercrime was held in Hanoi, Vietnam, in October 2025, co-hosted by Vietnam and the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), marking a major global effort to combat cybercrime.The Convention opened for signature on 25–26 October 2025 in Hanoi and will remain open at the UN Headquarters in New York until 31 December 2026, allowing countries to join the global framework.It aims to establish the world’s first international legal framework to prevent, investigate, and prosecute cybercrimes, including ransomware, financial fraud, and non-consensual sharing of intimate images — the first treaty to criminalise such digital offences.

 

2. Malaysia Hands Over ASEAN Chairmanship to the Philippines at 47th ASEAN Summit: Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Chairmanship was formally handed over by Anwar Ibrahim of Malaysia to Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. of Philippines, who will assume the chairmanship in 2026.The handover took place at the closing ceremony of the 47th ASEAN Summit in Kuala Lumpur, with Malaysia symbolically passing the gavel to the Philippines, marking Manila’s sixth term as ASEAN Chair.The transition highlights ASEAN’s evolving focus on deepening regional integration, broadening membership (e.g., the accession of TimorLeste as the 11th member), and reinforcing the bloc’s role amid growing global geopolitical and economic challenges.

 

3. 30 October – World Thrift Day: World Thrift Day is observed every year on 30 October in India to promote the importance of saving money and financial security among citizens.The day was first celebrated in 1924 during the First International Thrift Congress held in Milan, Italy, where the concept of promoting thrift and savings was introduced.Theme 2025 – Conquer your Tomorrow

 

OTHER UPDATES:

 

DEFENCE

 

1. Indian Navy Leads Tri-Services Exercise “Trishul” 2025: The Indian Navy will lead the Tri-Services Exercise (TSE-2025) “Trishul,” conducted jointly with the Indian Army and Indian Air Force. Scheduled to begin in early November 2025, the large-scale operation aims to enhance synergy, interoperability, and joint operational readiness among the three Services. The exercise will be coordinated by the Headquarters Western Naval Command in collaboration with all three Services. It will cover diverse terrains, including the creek and desert sectors of Rajasthan and Gujarat, and extend to maritime zones in the North Arabian Sea. The operations will involve amphibious missions, carrier-based operations, and extensive land-air-sea coordination, marking one of India’s largest integrated military drills. Principal formations taking part include the Army’s Southern Command, the Navy’s Western Command, and the Air Force’s South Western Command. The Indian Coast Guard, Border Security Force, and several central agencies are also contributing, ensuring comprehensive inter-agency coordination. Their participation underlines India’s focus on jointness across uniformed and civil defence entities to address modern security challenges.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Aptostichus ramirezae: California’s Hidden Spider: A new species of trapdoor spider, “Aptostichus ramirezae”, has been discovered by scientists from the University of California, Davis. Found in California’s coastal dunes, this hidden species was previously mistaken for its close relative “Aptostichus simus”. The finding not only expands scientific understanding of spider diversity but also highlights urgent conservation concerns for fragile coastal ecosystems. The discovery, published in “Ecology and Evolution”, emerged from a detailed genetic analysis of spiders long thought to be “Aptostichus simus”. Researchers found distinct genomic differences, confirming that populations across the California coast actually represent two separate species. The newly recognised “Aptostichus ramirezae” is named after arachnologist Martina Giselle Ramirez for her pioneering research and mentorship in spider genetics. Trapdoor spiders are elusive relatives of tarantulas. Females spend their lives in silk-lined burrows hidden beneath sand, emerging only to capture prey lured by surface vibrations. Their hinged, camouflaged trapdoor conceals them from predators and passersby alike. This adaptation makes them masters of concealment, thriving unnoticed along the California shoreline from Monterey to Baja California.

 

2. The Neuroscience behind Popcorn Brain: Modern lives are steeped in rapid digital stimuli. Constant alerts, short videos and infinite feeds train the mind to expect novelty every few seconds. This pattern, dubbed “popcorn brain”, leaves the brain restless in quiet moments, shortens attention spans, and erodes patience for deep work or slow leisure. The term captures a brain primed for bursts—like kernels popping—rather than sustained thought. Offline, this creates agitation, fidgeting and urges to check a screen. Activities once soothing, such as reading or unhurried conversation, start to feel dull. Over time, the threshold for stimulation rises and calm feels uncomfortable. Notifications and scrolling trigger quick dopamine hits that reward micro-checking. App-hopping fragments working memory and makes task-switching habitual. The prefrontal cortex—key for planning and self-control—gets overruled by reward-seeking loops. Sleep debt and blue-light exposure further impair executive function, compounding lapses in focus the next day.

 

 

 

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. SBI and BoB to Lead Creation of Indian Digital Payment Intelligence Corporation (IDPIC) to Curb Bank Frauds in Real Time: The State Bank of India (SBI) and Bank of Baroda (BoB) will lead the establishment of a new digital payments intelligence platform aimed at detecting and preventing fraudulent transactions in real time across Indian banks.The new entity, named Indian Digital Payment Intelligence Corporation (IDPIC), will be incorporated as a Section 8 company with an authorised capital of ₹500 crore and a paid-up capital of ₹200 crore, with all 12 state-run banks holding equity stakes.The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has approved IDPIC’s articles of association, and initially, two senior executives from SBI and BoB will serve as directors, with SBI contributing ₹10 crore as initial funding.

 

2. Modi launches ₹1 lakh-crore RDI fund at ESTIC: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Emerging Science & Technology Innovation Conclave (ESTIC) 2025 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, unveiling a ₹1 lakh-crore Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme Fund to catalyse private R&D. He also announced the Anusandhan Research Foundation to strengthen research across universities and industry. The RDI Fund targets high-risk, high-impact projects that often struggle for capital. It aims to derisk early stages, crowd-in private money, and accelerate commercialisation. The Prime Minister framed the corpus as a bridge from lab to market, signalling policy support for deep-tech, hardware and frontier science. The new foundation will coordinate competitive grants, fellowships and centres of excellence. It is designed to tighten links among universities, startups and industry. The goal is steady pipelines of translational research, better IP generation, and faster scale-up of breakthroughs into domestic manufacturing.

 

Daily GK Update- 31st Oct, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India Achieves Three Guinness World Records for Swasth Nari Campaign: India has achieved global recognition by securing three Guinness World Records under the “Swasth Nari, Sashakt Parivar Abhiyaan” (SNSPA), a nationwide initiative promoting women’s health and preventive care. The campaign, launched between September 17 and October 2, 2025, has been hailed as a landmark in India’s public health outreach and women-centric healthcare policy. The Union Health Ministry announced that India set records for the most people registering on a healthcare platform in a month (3.21 crore), the most people signing up for breast cancer screening online in a week (9.94 lakh), and the most participants in online vital signs screening at the state level in one week (1.25 lakh). These achievements underline the scale and efficiency of India’s digital health infrastructure and its ability to mobilise citizens for preventive healthcare.

 

2. PM Modi to Inaugurate New Chhattisgarh Assembly Building: As Chhattisgarh marks its 25th foundation day on November 1, Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the newly constructed Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly building in Naya Raipur. The event, coinciding with the state’s silver jubilee celebrations, will be attended by the Governor, Chief Minister, Union Ministers, and senior officials. The new Assembly complex represents a blend of Chhattisgarh’s tribal heritage and modern architectural innovation. Located in Sector 19 of Naya Raipur, the sprawling Assembly complex covers 52 acres and has been constructed at a cost of ₹324 crore. It is divided into three major sections — the Assembly House, the Assembly Secretariat, and the Central Hall. The facility incorporates green design elements, including solar panels and rainwater harvesting systems. With parking space for over 700 vehicles, the premises have been planned for both legislative functions and public accessibility. The architecture of the new Assembly draws inspiration from Chhattisgarh’s rich tribal art and regional traditions. The interiors showcase Bastar and Surguja art forms, while the grand dome pays homage to local palace architecture. 

 

3. Mohammad Azharuddin Sworn In as Minister in Telangana Cabinet: Former Indian cricket captain Mohammad Azharuddin has been sworn in as a minister in the Telangana cabinet, becoming the first member from the minority community in Chief Minister Revanth Reddy’s council of ministers. The oath ceremony, held at Raj Bhavan, was administered by Governor Jishnu Dev Verma in the presence of top Congress leaders. With his induction, the cabinet strength has risen to 16, leaving room for two more ministers under the constitutional cap of 18. Azharuddin’s inclusion carries major political weight ahead of the Jubilee Hills by-election, which he is set to contest. The seat fell vacant after the death of BRS MLA Maganti Gopinath earlier this year. With a substantial Muslim voter base exceeding one lakh, the Congress hopes that Azharuddin’s candidature will consolidate minority support in Hyderabad and beyond. His induction also aligns with the party’s strategy to strengthen its minority outreach in view of the upcoming Bihar elections.

4. Rajnath Singh Proposes India-Asean Defence Think Tank Forum: Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has called for the creation of a dedicated forum linking India and ASEAN defence think tanks to boost strategic cooperation and tackle emerging security challenges in the Indo-Pacific. The proposal was made during the ASEAN-India Defence Ministers’ Informal Meeting held in Kuala Lumpur on Friday. Singh proposed an institutionalised dialogue platform to promote collaboration among defence experts, academics, and policy researchers from India and ASEAN nations. He said the initiative would enhance mutual understanding, drive capacity-building, and stimulate innovative policy ideas for regional security. ASEAN partners were invited to nominate leading defence institutions and experts for the proposed forum. Emphasising the Indo-Pacific’s strategic significance, Singh reaffirmed India’s commitment to ASEAN’s central role in ensuring peace and stability. He said the ASEAN-India partnership would continue to act as a “strong pillar of stability” amid global uncertainties.

 

5. Sardar Patel’s Nation-Building Legacy: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel shaped India’s political map and its core institutions in the turbulent years around Independence. As deputy prime minister and home minister, he fused persuasion with firmness, building a cohesive Union while laying durable administrative and statistical foundations. His realist approach to security complemented his constitutional vision. In 1947, about 40% of India lay under 565 princely states. Patel, with V P Menon, secured Instruments of Accession through tact and pressure. The Nizam of Hyderabad’s refusal triggered Operation Polo in 1948, ending secessionist ambiguity and bringing the state into the Union. Patel’s method kept disorder limited and accelerated nationwide consolidation. Scepticism surrounded retaining a central service after colonial rule. Patel argued that an impartial, merit-based cadre was essential for national cohesion. Beginning with a conference of provincial premiers in October 1946, he piloted the creation of the Indian Administrative Service and the Indian Police Service to replace the ICS. He urged young officers to serve with integrity, efficiency, and humility.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. UNEP Adaptation Gap Report (AGR) 2025: The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Adaptation Gap Report (AGR) 2025 presents an urgent call for global cooperation to address the severe underfunding of climate adaptation, even as climate-related disasters intensify worldwide. The report underscores the widening chasm between the financial resources needed to protect vulnerable communities and ecosystems and the funds actually being mobilised. It also evaluates global progress toward adaptation targets, highlighting systemic gaps in finance, planning, and implementation, particularly across developing nations. According to the report, desertification, and sea-level rise. These escalating financial needs indicate that adaptation costs are increasing at a much faster pace than the available funding mechanisms can accommodate.

2. India Grants Import Licences for Rare Earth Magnets from China: The Indian government has issued the first batch of import licences to four domestic firms, including the Indian arms of global suppliers such as Hitachi and Continental India, enabling them to directly procure rare earth (RE) magnets from China. This move offers significant relief to India’s automotive sector, which has faced severe disruptions since Beijing tightened export controls on these essential materials in April. The approved licences mark a key breakthrough, representing the first official clearances since China—responsible for nearly 90% of global RE magnet production—implemented stricter export procedures. These magnets, particularly neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB), are crucial for manufacturing electric vehicle (EV) motors, wind turbines, and a range of high-performance electronics. India’s dependence on Chinese supplies had placed its EV sector at risk, with manufacturers warning of possible production delays and cost escalations.

 

3. India and US Sign Landmark 10-Year Defence Framework Agreement: India and the United States have signed a landmark 10-year Defence Framework Agreement in Kuala Lumpur, marking a major step forward in deepening strategic and military cooperation between the two nations. The accord underscores their shared commitment to a free, open, and rules-based Indo-Pacific region. The agreement was exchanged between Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and US Secretary of War Pete Hegseth during the ASEAN-India Defence Ministers’ Informal Meeting. Both leaders described the pact as a significant milestone in bilateral ties, setting the stage for enhanced coordination, information sharing, and defence technology collaboration. Hegseth said that the agreement would serve as a “cornerstone for regional stability and deterrence,” emphasising that US-India defence relations “have never been stronger.” Under the new framework, both sides aim to intensify cooperation across the entire spectrum of defence engagements, from joint exercises and defence innovation to industrial collaboration and maritime security. The framework will act as a long-term policy direction document, guiding military and strategic exchanges between New Delhi and Washington over the next decade. Singh called the agreement a “new era” in bilateral partnership, reaffirming that defence remains a central pillar of India-US relations.

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. India Excludes China, Pakistan and Turkiye from 2026 International Fleet Review: India has decided not to invite China, Pakistan, and Turkiye to the upcoming third International Fleet Review (IFR) scheduled in Visakhapatnam in February 2026. The major maritime event will be reviewed by President Droupadi Murmu and held alongside the Milan multilateral naval exercise and the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS). So far, 55 nations have confirmed participation, including both the United States and Russia, underscoring India’s growing naval prominence. According to Navy Vice Chief Vice Admiral Sanjay Vatsayan, the IFR will host a large number of countries, though the invite list does not include China, Pakistan, or Turkiye. A senior naval official confirmed that Turkiye was excluded for its support to Pakistan during Operation Sindoor, while Pakistan’s omission continues the long-standing policy of excluding adversarial states from Indian defence exercises. India’s cautious approach toward China stems from increasing strategic tensions and its growing presence in the Indian Ocean Region.

 

2. INS Gomati to Become Centrepiece of Naval Shaurya Museum in Lucknow: The decommissioned Indian Navy warship INS Gomati is set to find a new home in Lucknow as the centrepiece of Uttar Pradesh’s upcoming ‘Naval Shaurya Museum.’ The move marks a unique cultural and historical initiative by the Yogi Adityanath government, aiming to immortalise India’s naval heritage in a landlocked state. The museum project, expected to be completed by 2026, will highlight the Indian Navy’s valour and technological evolution. Commissioned in 1988, INS Gomati served the Indian Navy for over three decades before being decommissioned in May 2022. The indigenously designed guided-missile frigate played a crucial role in major operations, including Operation Cactus in 1988 and Operation Parakram in 2001–2002. Its transformation into a museum exhibit ensures that visitors will experience the ship’s operational deck, weapon systems, and control rooms, preserving the spirit of India’s naval strength. Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath described the museum as a “living symbol of the Indian Navy’s indomitable courage.” Designed to resemble a ship, the structure will integrate naval aesthetics such as portholes, railings, and oceanic motifs. Sustainable features like natural lighting, eco-friendly materials, and cross-ventilation will shape its modern architecture. The museum complex will include thematic walkways, exhibition galleries, open-air memorials, and a light-and-sound arena, turning it into one of Lucknow’s landmark attractions.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Olympic Hockey Legend Manuel Frederick Passes Away at 78: Former Indian hockey goalkeeper Manuel Frederick, India’s first Olympic medallist from Kerala, passed away at the age of 78. A member of the bronze medal-winning team at the 1972 Munich Olympics, Frederick was widely celebrated for his fearless goalkeeping and his pioneering contribution to Indian hockey. Born in Burnassery, Kannur, in 1947, Frederick made history as the first Keralite to win an Olympic medal. He began his sports journey in the Indian Army’s school team in Bengaluru before rising through the ranks of domestic hockey. His early career saw him represent prominent clubs such as ASC, HAL in Karnataka, Services, Uttar Pradesh, and the famed Mohun Bagan in Kolkata. Frederick joined the Indian national hockey team in 1971, marking the start of a distinguished seven-year international career. At the 1972 Munich Olympics, he played a key role as goalkeeper in helping India clinch the bronze medal. He also represented India at two Hockey World Cups — the 1973 edition in the Netherlands, where India won silver, and the 1978 tournament in Argentina.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. PM Modi to Inaugurate India’s First Digital Tribal Freedom Fighters Museum: Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh Memorial and Tribal Freedom Fighters Museum in Chhattisgarh on the state’s 25th foundation day. The event will mark the launch of India’s first fully digital museum dedicated to tribal heroes, along with infrastructure projects worth over ₹14,260 crore. The grand celebration will take place in Naya Raipur, where the Prime Minister will also unveil a statue of Bharat Ratna Atal Bihari Vajpayee at the newly constructed Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly. Built at a cost of ₹50 crore across 10 acres, the Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh Memorial and Tribal Freedom Fighters Museum will serve as a global centre for tribal culture, valor, and history. The museum features 16 thematic galleries that chronicle centuries of tribal resistance to colonial rule. Each section combines historical artefacts, documentary footage, folk art, and digital storytelling to celebrate the unsung heroes of India’s freedom struggle. Visitors will also experience the “Aadi Shourya” e-book and museum portal launched by the Prime Minister.

 

2. Seven-Month Fishing Ban Imposed to Protect Olive Ridley Turtles in Gahirmatha: A seven-month fishing ban has come into effect in the Gahirmatha marine sanctuary of Odisha’s Kendrapada district from November 1 to May 31 to safeguard endangered Olive Ridley sea turtles during their annual mating and nesting season. The sanctuary, part of India’s richest marine biodiversity zones, witnesses the arrival of thousands of turtles each year along its pristine coastlines. The forest department has established 14 turtle protection camps, including four offshore ones at Madali, Sasanipada, Ekakula, and Babubali islands. Four patrolling boats have been deployed to prevent illegal fishing and protect the turtles. Marine police units from Jamboo, Talachua, and Tantiapala in Kendrapada, as well as the Coast Guard in Paradip, will assist forest personnel in enforcing the ban. Authorities have prohibited marine fishing within 20 km of the sanctuary’s 1,435 sq km coastline stretching from Hukitola to Dhamra.

 

3. Interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS Brightens Rapidly near Perihelion: Interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS brightened markedly as it swung behind the sun, with researchers and skilled amateurs using multiple spacecraft to follow its progress up to perihelion on Thursday, 29 October. Though out of direct terrestrial view while near the sun, the object’s activity was captured in coronagraph imagery and heliophysics missions designed to monitor the solar environment. Observers leveraged space-based assets to overcome the comet’s solar glare. With 3I/ATLAS hidden from ground-based telescopes, coronagraphs and wide-field imagers traced its motion across the inner heliosphere. The behind-the-sun geometry temporarily prevented visual follow-up from Earth, but spacecraft vantage points provided continuous coverage until it moved out of instrument fields of view.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. NITI Aayog Launches Reports on India’s Services Sector Growth and Employment Trends: NITI Aayog has unveiled two landmark reports under the Services Thematic Series, marking a significant step in understanding India’s services-led economic transformation. The reports were launched by Shri B.V.R. Subrahmanyam, CEO of NITI Aayog, in the presence of Dr. Arvind Virmani, Member, NITI Aayog, and Dr. V. Anantha Nageswaran, Chief Economic Adviser, Government of India. Senior officials, industry leaders, and academics participated in the event, which highlighted the centrality of services in India’s growth and employment narrative. The first report, ““India’s Services Sector: Insights from GVA Trends and State-Level Dynamics””, provides a comprehensive assessment of services output across states. The sector contributed around 55 per cent of India’s Gross Value Added (GVA) in 2024–25, reaffirming its dominance in the national economy. The findings reveal that while inter-state disparities persist, lagging regions are gradually catching up, indicating a trend toward balanced regional development. The study calls for investments in digital infrastructure, logistics, finance, and innovation to strengthen competitiveness and inclusivity across states.

 

Daily GK Update- 30th Oct, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Uttarakhand to Impose Green Tax on Out-of-State Vehicles from December 1: Uttarakhand government will implement a green tax on vehicles entering from other states starting December 1, 2025, aimed at reducing pollution, protecting the Himalayan ecosystem, and promoting environmental sustainability.The tax rates will vary by vehicle type — ₹80 for small passenger vehicles, ₹250 for small goods carriers, ₹140 for buses, and ₹120–₹700 for trucks, depending on their load capacity, as per the state transport department.To ensure strict enforcement, Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) cameras are being installed at border checkpoints — 16 are already operational, and the number will be increased to 37 entry points across the state.The initiative aligns with the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways guidelines on green taxation, aiming to discourage use of old, polluting vehicles, promote cleaner alternatives, and generate revenue for anti-pollution measures — a system already in place in states like Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand.

 

2. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) and Viasat India Partner to Commercialise UAV Solutions: Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) and Viasat India have expanded their collaboration in the satellite communication (satcom) sector to commercialise Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) solutions and promote skill development through a Centre of Excellence at BRBRAITT, focusing on UAVs, IoT, and emerging technologies.The partnership will introduce Viasat’s Velaris uncrewed air solutions in India, offering secure and reliable satellite connectivity for UAVs operating beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) using Viasat’s global L-band satellite network.This collaboration aligns with India’s Digital India mission, aiming to strengthen the low-altitude economy by fostering innovation, building indigenous technological capabilities, and enabling new opportunities in drone-based and advanced air mobility services.

 

3. Vigilance Awareness Week 2025 Begins Nationwide with Theme “Vigilance – Our Shared Responsibility”: Vigilance Awareness Week 2025 (from 27 October to 2 November) began across India to promote integrity, ethics, and transparency in public life, with the theme “Vigilance – Our Shared Responsibility.”The week commenced with pledge-taking ceremonies by public servants across ministries, departments, PSUs, banks, and organizations, led by Central Vigilance Commissioner Praveen Kumar Srivastava and Vigilance Commissioner A. S. Rajeev at the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC), New Delhi.The observance, held annually in the last week of October to coincide with the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, includes awareness programs and activities to fight corruption and promote good governance.

 

4. Rishikesh’s Iconic Laxman Jhula Replaced by 132-Metre Glass Suspension Bridge ‘Bajrang Setu’: The historic Laxman Jhula, built in 1929 and closed in 2019 due to safety concerns, is being replaced by Bajrang Setu — a 132.5-meter-long glass suspension bridge over the Ganges River in Rishikesh, scheduled for completion by December 2025.Bajrang Setu features 3.5-inch thick toughened glass walkways, two-way lanes for light vehicles, and a design inspired by the Kedarnath Temple, with intricately carved towers symbolizing Uttarakhand’s cultural heritage.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. NITI Aayog Unveils Roadmap to Position India as a Global Leader in Advanced Manufacturing by 2035: NITI Aayog’s Frontier Tech Hub launched the roadmap “Reimagining Manufacturing: India’s Roadmap to Global Leadership in Advanced Manufacturing”, unveiled by Maharashtra CM Devendra Fadnavis and top dignitaries in Pune.The roadmap identifies AI & ML, Advanced Materials, Digital Twins, and Robotics as high-impact technologies across 13 priority sectors, aiming to raise manufacturing’s share to 25% of GDP and create 100 million jobs by 2035.It provides a 10-year strategic roadmap to overcome barriers in R&D, infrastructure, and workforce readiness, warning of potential losses of US$ 270 billion by 2035 and US$ 1 trillion by 2047 if frontier technologies aren’t adopted.Developed jointly by NITI Aayog, CII, and Deloitte, the roadmap envisions India as a global advanced manufacturing hub and aligns with the national vision of Viksit Bharat @ 2047 through innovation-driven industrial transformation.

 

2. Taftan Volcano Near Iran–Pakistan Border Shows Signs of Awakening After 700,000 Years of Dormancy: The Taftan volcano, located near the Iran–Pakistan border, is showing renewed volcanic activity after being dormant for over 700,000 years, according to a study published in Geophysical Research Letters.Between July 2023 and May 2024, the volcano’s summit rose by 3.5 inches, indicating gas pressure buildup beneath the surface; scientists warn it could release energy either violently or quietly in the future.

 

3. Bhutan to Host Global Peace Prayer Festival 2025 in Thimphu from November 4 to 19: Bhutan’s capital, Thimphu, will host the Global Peace Prayer Festival (GPPF) from November 4 to 19, 2025, aiming to promote world peace, compassion, and harmony amid global conflicts.The festival will feature spiritual leaders and monks from all schools of Buddhism, with key rituals like Jabzhi Dhoechog and Kalachakra initiation, along with the launch of the Guru App for spiritual guidance.A major highlight will be the ordination of over 250 Buddhist nuns (Gelongma) from November 15 to 19 — a landmark step toward gender equality in monastic traditions of Vajrayana Buddhism.

 

4. 28 October – International Animation Day: International Animation Day is celebrated every year on October 28, marking the first public performance of animated films by French artist Émile Reynaud in 1892 at the Musée Grévin in Paris.The day was proclaimed in 2002 by the International Animated Film Association (ASIFA) to honor the history, creativity, and evolution of animation as an art form.Various film screenings, workshops, and exhibitions are organized worldwide to recognize the contribution of animators and promote appreciation for animated films and visual storytelling.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. India Maritime Week 2025 Inaugurated in Mumbai: Showcasing India’s $1 Trillion Maritime Vision: India Maritime Week 2025 (IMW 2025) was inaugurated at NESCO Grounds, Mumbai, organized by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW) in partnership with the Indian Ports Association under the theme “Uniting Oceans, One Maritime Vision.”Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated the event, attended by chief ministers of key coastal states — Devendra Fadnavis (Maharashtra), Bhupendra Patel (Gujarat), Pramod Sawant (Goa), and Mohan Charan Majhi (Odisha).The five-day event (Oct 27–31) brings together delegations from 11 countries, 100,000+ delegates from 85+ nations, 500+ exhibitors, and 350+ speakers, focusing on investment, innovation, and collaboration in maritime sectors such as ports, logistics, shipbuilding, green shipping, and inland waterways.The event supports national visions like Maritime India Vision 2030 and Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047, with Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal emphasizing a $1 trillion maritime investment roadmap to make India a global maritime hub and Blue Economy leader.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Sujeet Kalkal Clinches Gold for India in Men’s Freestyle 65kg at U-23 World Wrestling Championships: India’s Sujeet Kalkal clinched the gold medal in the men’s freestyle 65 kg category at the U-23 World Wrestling Championships, defeating Uzbekistan’s Umidjon Jalolov by a dominant 10–0 margin.This is Sujeet Kalkal’s first-ever world title; he already holds two U-23 Asian titles and one U-20 Asian Championship gold.The Indian women’s team performed impressively at the same event, winning 5 bronze, 2 silver medals, and securing the team championship title, while Sujeet’s was India’s only men’s medal this year.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. India Grants Import Licences for Rare Earth Magnets from China: The Indian government has issued the first batch of import licences to four domestic firms, including the Indian arms of global suppliers such as Hitachi and Continental India, enabling them to directly procure rare earth (RE) magnets from China. This move offers significant relief to India’s automotive sector, which has faced severe disruptions since Beijing tightened export controls on these essential materials in April. The approved licences mark a key breakthrough, representing the first official clearances since China—responsible for nearly 90% of global RE magnet production—implemented stricter export procedures. These magnets, particularly neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB), are crucial for manufacturing electric vehicle (EV) motors, wind turbines, and a range of high-performance electronics. India’s dependence on Chinese supplies had placed its EV sector at risk, with manufacturers warning of possible production delays and cost escalations. Industry sources revealed that the import licences are conditional and come with stringent checks. Companies must guarantee that the magnets will be used solely for civilian and automotive applications and not for defence purposes. Additionally, importers were required to obtain clearances from the Director General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) and provide assurances to Chinese authorities.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. UPI Launches ‘Pay with Mutual Fund’ Feature, Enabling Real-Time Payments Directly from Investments — A Global First in Fintech: India’s UPI has introduced a groundbreaking feature called ‘Pay with Mutual Fund’, allowing users to make real-time payments directly from their liquid mutual fund holdings — a global first in retail fintech innovation.The feature is backed by ICICI Prudential AMC, Bajaj Finserv AMC, and fintech startup Curie Money, enabling investors to use their liquid mutual fund units like a digital wallet for instant transactions.When a UPI payment is made, the equivalent amount is automatically redeemed from the user’s liquid mutual fund, providing seamless and instant fund transfer without routing money through a bank account.Liquid mutual funds, known for their low risk, high liquidity, and stable returns (around 6–7%), are ideal for this feature, combining investment growth with instant payment convenience.

 

2. RBI Launches HaRBInger 2025 Global Hackathon to Foster Secure and Inclusive Banking Innovations: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) launched HaRBInger 2025 – Innovation for Transformation, its fourth global hackathon, to promote secure, inclusive, and identity-driven banking innovations using emerging technologies.The theme for HaRBInger 2025 is “Secure Banking: Powered by Identity, Integrity, and Inclusivity,” focusing on protecting customer identity, fostering trust, and ensuring inclusive access to financial systems.Participants will develop solutions for three key problem areas — Tokenized KYC, Offline CBDC, and Enhancing Trust in Digital Financial Services — addressing major challenges in digital banking and security.

Registrations began on 23 October 2025, inviting individuals, startups, fintechs, and institutions globally, with entries evaluated on innovation, feasibility, and user-centric design.

 

3. VFS Capital Withdraws Application for Small Finance Bank Licence, Despite Strong FY25 Performance: VFS Capital Limited, a West Bengal-based NBFC-MFI, has withdrawn its application for a Small Finance Bank (SFB) licence, which it had submitted under the RBI’s “on tap” licensing guidelines for private sector SFBs.Incorporated in 1994, VFS Capital—formerly Village Financial Services Pvt Ltd—focuses on providing microfinance loans to rural women through the Joint Liability Group (JLG) model, with complete digital loan disbursement.The company’s promoters, Ajit Kumar Maity (Chairman) and Kuldip Maity (MD & CEO), hold 92.74% of the shareholding, while IDFC First Bank owns 7.03% as of December 2023.