Daily GK Update- 31st Jan, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. e-Shram Microsites and Occupational Shortage Index Launched: Recently, the Government of India launched two major initiatives aimed at improving the welfare of unorganised workers. These initiatives are part of a broader strategy to enhance employment outcomes and streamline access to government welfare programs. The initiatives were introduced by Union Minister Mansukh Mandaviya during a meeting with State and Union Territory Labour Ministers. They allow unorganised workers to access both central and state government welfare programs.The microsites simplify the registration process for these workers and provide a single point of access to various employment opportunities and skilling programs.They are multilingual, catering to workers from diverse linguistic backgrounds. This feature ensures that workers can navigate the platform comfortably in their preferred language.

 

2. Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) 2023-24: The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) for 2023-24 reveals critical vital information about India’s economic landscape. The survey indicates shifts in spending patterns across rural and urban areas. These changes reflect broader economic transformations and evolving societal priorities. As India approaches the Union Budget 2025, addressing consumption and income inequality is crucial. The government may need to enhance purchasing power for lower-income households and increase disposable income for the middle class. Potential interventions could include tax relief and support for small businesses. Encouraging private sector job creation is also vital for sustaining economic momentum.

 

3. Gujarat Declares First Biodiversity Heritage Site: Recently, the Gujarat Biodiversity Board announced the designation of the ‘Inland Mangrove Guneri’ in Kutch as the state’s first Biodiversity Heritage Site (BHS). This initiative aims to protect a unique mangrove ecosystem that thrives in a non-tidal environment. The site spans 32.78 hectares and is for its ecological diversity. The declaration represents a milestone in Gujarat’s commitment to biodiversity conservation. The primary objectives of declaring a site as a BHS include enhancing biodiversity conservation. It aims to promote harmony between nature and society. The initiative seeks to encourage conservation ethics and improve the quality of life for local communities. It also addresses the rapid loss of biodiversity in intensively managed areas.

 

4. Ammonia Pollution in Yamuna: Recent events have brought into light the ongoing water crisis affecting Delhi, primarily due to ammonia pollution in the Yamuna River. The Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) has accused the Haryana government of releasing excessive ammonia levels, which jeopardises the water supply for millions of Delhi residents. This situation has sparked a political and environmental debate over the management of the river and its tributaries. In the Yamuna, where pollution levels often exceed treatment plant capacities. The Delhi Jal Board can only process water with ammonia levels below one part per million (ppm). Elevated ammonia levels lead to disruptions in the water supply, especially during winter months when freshwater inflow is minimal. This results in a public health concern as residents rely on treated water for daily needs.

 

5. Supreme Court of India – A People’s Court Evolution: The Supreme Court of India has undergone transformation since its inception in 1950. Celebrating 75 years, Chief Justice Sanjiv Khanna brought into light its role as a “true people’s court”. This transformation reflects its commitment to social, economic, and political justice. Despite its achievements, the Supreme Court faces three major challenges. First, the backlog of cases leads to delays in justice. Second, the rising costs of litigation hinder accessibility for the average citizen. Third, the prevalence of falsehood undermines the integrity of justice. Addressing these issues is crucial for the court’s continued effectiveness.

 

6. Prayagraj MahaKumbh Mela Stampede: The Prayagraj MahaKumbh Mela is Hindu pilgrimage that attracts millions of devotees. On January 29, 2025, a tragic stampede occurred during the Mauni Amavasya celebrations, leading to injuries and fatalities. The day is considered highly auspicious, drawing an estimated 10 crore devotees to the Triveni Sangam for a holy dip. The stampede happened between 1 AM and 2 AM as devotees rushed towards the Sangam for the Amrit Snan. A barrier collapsed, causing panic and chaos. Reports indicated that misinformation exacerbated the situation, leading to a surge in the crowd. Many devotees were injured, prompting immediate medical assistance.

 

7. Elephant Spotted in  Namdapha National Park After 12 Years: Recent developments in Namdapha National Park have sparked renewed interest in wildlife conservation. An adult male elephant was recorded in the park after a 12-year absence. This sighting is for both ecological research and community engagement in conservation efforts. Namdapha is crucial for biodiversity. It features diverse ecosystems ranging from tropical evergreen forests to temperate broadleaf forests. The park’s elevation ranges from 200 to 4,571 metres. This variation supports a wide range of flora and fauna, making it an essential ecological zone.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Legal Challenges of US Birthright Citizenship: Birthright citizenship has recently been at the forefront of legal debates in the United States. A U.S. District judge blocked an executive order by President Trump that sought to redefine this principle. The ruling marks the ongoing struggle over citizenship rights in America. The 14th Amendment emerged from a long fight against slavery. It was designed to dismantle the legal framework supporting racial hierarchy. It works alongside the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery, and the 15th Amendment, which granted voting rights irrespective of race. The 14th Amendment directly challenged the Dred Scott decision of 1857, which denied citizenship to African Americans.

2. US Funding Freeze Threatens Global HIV Treatment Efforts: The recent funding freeze imposed by the United States government has raised concerns regarding the future of HIV treatment and care worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned that this halt could lead to increased illness and death among those living with HIV. The President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has played important role in combating the HIV epidemic for over two decades. It has provided treatment and care to millions, and the current funding pause jeopardises these efforts. The funding pause reflects a broader trend of the US stepping back from global health leadership. This includes the decision to withdraw from the WHO and reinstating the Mexico City Policy, which restricts funding for foreign organisations that provide abortion-related services. Critics argue that these actions undermine global health initiatives.

 

3. International AI Safety Report: The International AI Safety report, released in 2025, outlines critical challenges associated with rapidly evolving artificial intelligence technologies. This comprehensive document addresses various threats, including job displacement, environmental impact, and security risks. The report stems from discussions held during the 2023 global AI safety summit.. AI presents new challenges in cybersecurity, particularly through autonomous bots that can identify vulnerabilities in open-source software. However, current AI systems are not yet capable of executing attacks independently. This limitation reflects the ongoing development of AI technologies and their potential misuse.

 

4. Israel Cuts Ties with UNRWA: In October 2024, Israeli parliament (Knesset) had passed laws to stop the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) from operating in the occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem. The laws also prohibit any contact between Israeli authorities and UNRWA. They came to effect on January 30, 2025. As the occupying power, Israel holds responsibility for the welfare of the population in the occupied territories. The termination of UNRWA’s mandate raises questions about Israel’s obligations under international law and the potential implications for public services in the region.

 

5. Resumption of Kailash Mansarovar Yatra: India and China have recently agreed to resume the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra, marking moment in bilateral relations. This decision follows Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri’s visit to Beijing and comes after months of negotiations to resolve military tensions at the Line of Actual Control. The yatra, which was halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent geopolitical tensions, is now set to recommence under existing agreements. Many believe that completing the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra leads to Moksha or liberation. The pilgrimage includes the Kailash Kora, a circumambulation of the mountain, which takes several days. The mountain’s mysteries, including its unique shape and sounds, have intrigued scientists and spiritual seekers alike.

 

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Red Cross Raises Alarm Over Ebola Risks in  Goma: The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has expressed serious concerns regarding the potential escape of Ebola samples from a laboratory in Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo. Ongoing fighting in the city has raised fears of power cuts that could compromise the integrity of these samples. The ICRC urges immediate action to protect these pathogens, warning of catastrophic consequences if they were to spread. The ICRC marks the critical need to safeguard laboratories holding dangerous pathogens like Ebola. Power outages and conflict can lead to catastrophic scenarios where these samples are compromised. The situation in Goma puts stress on the importance of maintaining biosecurity in conflict zones.

 

2. India’s Role in United Nations Peacekeeping Missions: India has a long-standing commitment to United Nations peacekeeping missions. This commitment is brought into light by recent events in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Following the tragic deaths of peacekeepers, UN officials expressed gratitude for India’s contributions. India has deployed number of troops and police personnel to various missions, showcasing its dedication to global peace. UN peacekeeping involves activities aimed at maintaining or restoring international peace.Established in 1948, it operates under principles of consent, impartiality, and non-use of force except for self-defence.

Today, approximately 100,000 personnel from 125 countries are engaged in active missions worldwide.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. OpenAI Launches ChatGPT Gov for U.S. Agencies: OpenAI has recently introduced ChatGPT Gov, a tailored version of its AI model designed specifically for U.S. government agencies. This initiative aims to enhance the efficiency of public services while ensuring compliance with stringent security standards. By providing access to advanced AI tools, OpenAI seeks to empower policymakers to improve government operations. Several government entities have successfully implemented ChatGPT. The Air Force Research Laboratory uses it for administrative tasks and AI education. Los Alamos National Laboratory employs the platform for scientific research. Additionally, Minnesota’s Enterprise Translations Office has improved translation services, while Pennsylvania’s pilot program has reduced time spent on routine tasks.

 

2. Implications of Earth’s Magnetic North Pole Shift: Recent studies have brought into light changes in the Earth’s magnetic north pole. This shift has deep effects on the behaviour of charged particles in the Earth’s magnetosphere. About these changes is crucial for predicting space weather and safeguarding satellite systems. The magnetic north pole was discovered by Sir James Clark Ross in 1831 in northern Canada. Since then, it has moved , now located approximately 400 kilometres northwest of its original position. Historical movements have varied, with the pole typically moving about 10 kilometres per year over the last 400 years. Recent activity has shown unprecedented acceleration, warranting close monitoring by scientists.

 

3. ISRO Achieves 100th Launch Milestone: On January 29, 2025, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) marked milestone by successfully completing its 100th launch from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. The mission involved the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-F15), which carried the NVS-02 satellite into orbit. This launch not only represents a technical achievement but also marks India’s growing capabilities in space exploration and technology. ISRO’s journey began with its first launch on August 10, 1979, involving the Satellite Launch Vehicle-3 (SLV-3 E10). Over the years, ISRO has developed six generations of launch vehicles, advancing its capabilities. The successful launch of NVS-02 is a testament to this evolution.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) 2023-24: The Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) for 2023-24 reveals growth in India’s unincorporated non-agricultural sector. Released by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) on 24 December 2024, the survey emphasises the sector’s crucial role in employment and GDP contribution. The unincorporated non-agricultural sector employed over 12 crore workers during the survey period, an increase of more than one crore from the previous year. Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and West Bengal accounted for over one-third of this workforce. Internet usage for business purposes rose from 21.10% to 26.70%. This reflects a strong trend towards digitalisation within the sector, particularly among trading establishments.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Christine Carla Kangaloo Receives Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award: The Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award has been awarded to Christine Carla Kangaloo, the President of  Trinidad and Tobago. This recognition marks her contributions to public affairs and her role in enhancing India’s global reputation. The award was presented by the High Commissioner of India during a Republic Day reception. Kangaloo’s achievements were celebrated at the 18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Convention in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, where she served as the chief guest. Indian diaspora has significant impact on Trinidad and Tobago. Descendants of Indian indentured workers now make up approximately 42 per cent of the nation’s population. They have enriched the cultural, social, and economic landscape of Trinidad and Tobago through their traditions and heritage.

 

2. Wing Commander Akshay Saxena Receives Vayu Sena Medal
: Wing Commander Akshay Saxena has been awarded the Vayu Sena Medal (Gallantry) for his exceptional contributions during anti-piracy operations in the Arabian Sea. This recognition marks the increasing threats posed by piracy in international waters, particularly from Houthi rebels targeting merchant vessels. The operation, conducted on 16 March last year, was part of the Indian Navy’s Operation Sankalp, aimed at ensuring maritime security in the region. INS Talwar, a Talwar-class frigate, plays role in Operation Sankalp. This vessel is equipped for anti-air, anti-ship, and anti-submarine warfare. Its deployment marks India’s commitment to securing its maritime interests, particularly given its reliance on oil imports from the Gulf region.

 

Daily GK Update- 30th Jan, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. PM Modi inaugurated inaugurate Make in Odisha Conclave in Bhubaneswar: Prime Minister Narendra Modi has inaugurated the ‘Utkarsh Odisha, Make in Odisha Conclave‘ in Bhubaneswar.

Around 7,500 delegates, including some top industrialists, are expected to attend the two-day conclave.The two-day conclave aims to promote investment, boost industrial growth, and position Odisha as a key economic hub in Eastern India.

 

2. Govt Launches INR 277 Cr TEAM Initiative To Add 5 Lakh MSMEs To ONDC: The ministry for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) has partnered with Open Network for Digital Commerce to launch MSME Trade Enablement And Marketing (TEAM) with an allocation of INR 277.35 Cr.This will help over 5 lakh MSMEs with a special focus on women-led businesses get onboard the ONDC network.ONDC will open up opportunities for small and medium businesses to grow, leveraging digital storefronts, integrated payment systems, and logistics support.The MSME TEAM Initiative is more than just a programme – it’s an opportunity to empower small businesses with the tools and resources they need to thrive in the digital age.

 

3. Indore and Udaipur earn global recognition for ‘Wetland Conservation’ effort: Two Indian cities Indore of Madhya Pradesh and Udaipur of Rajasthan have been accredited as the Wetland Cites under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. These Indian cities were part of the 31 cities worldwide which has been granted the prestigious status of Wetland Accredited Cities.Currently, 85 Indian wetlands are protected under the Ramsar Convention, which includes 172 member countries globally.Earlier the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change nominated three Indian cities Indore and Bhopal of Madhya Pradesh and Udaipur for the inaugural Wetland City Accreditation.Wetlands are areas on land or coastal areas where water covers the soil or is present either at or near the soil’s surface all year or for a particular period during the year.The 12th meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties (COP) of the Ramsar Convention held in Punta del Este, Uruguay in 2015, introduced a Wetland City Accreditation scheme.

 

4. Telangana launched 4 welfare schemes on Republic Day: The Telangana Chief Minister A. Revanth Reddy has launched the four welfare schemes of his government- Rythu Bharosa, Indiramma Atmiya Bharosa, Indiramma Indlu, and new ration cards on the occasion of the Republic Day.The scheme was announced by Chief Minister Reddy at the Chandravanch village of the Narayanpet district.About the launched SchemesIndiramma Indlu- a housing scheme for, homeless Dalits, Tribals, and backward classes. They will receive financial assistance of Rs 5 lakh to construct homes. The government has set a target to construct 4,50,000 houses in 2024-2025 with a budget outlay of Rs 22,500 crore.Rythu Bharosa- eligible farmers will be provided financial assistance of Rs. 12,000 per acre of arable land. The amount will be credited to the farmer’s bank account.Indiramma Aathmeeya Bharosa- financial support of Rs. 12,000 annually will be provided to landless agricultural labour families.

5. Nagaland launches Chief Minister Mobile Operation Theatre: Nagaland Governor La Ganesan has launched the Chief Minister Mobile Operation Theatre on the occasion of the 76th Republic Day celebration in the state capital, Kohima.The Chief Minister Mobile Operation Theatre initiative of the state government aims to provide advanced surgical and healthcare facilities to the remote and rural areas of the state.The Mobile Operation Theatre which will be on a modified vehicle will be managed by doctors from Kohima hospitals and will include private hospital doctors.The Mobile Operation Theatre is equipped with an advanced mobile surgical unit and portable diagnostic tools such as ultrasound, X-ray, endoscopy, and blood testing equipment, along with instruments for minimally invasive surgeries

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India, Indonesia sign MOUs for cooperation in health, traditional medicine; renew one on maritime security: President Prabowo Subianto of Indonesia successfully concluded his four-day official visit to India on 26 January 2025. He was the Chief Guest at the 76th Republic Day ceremony, and during his visit to India, he held high-level talks with the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi during which five memorandum of understanding (MoU) were signed between the two countries.Five MoUs were exchanged between the two sides that aims to strengthen the bilateral ties between the two countries. These MoUs are as follows:

 

2. UAE President Sheikh Mohamed declares 2025 as ‘Year of Community’: UAE President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan has announced 2025 as the Year of Community, launching a national initiative aimed at fostering unity and inclusion across society.Under the slogan “Hand in Hand,” the campaign reflects the UAE leadership’s vision to build a cohesive and empowered community.The UAE is home to over four million Indians, who form a vital part of the country’s diverse population. President Sheikh Mohamed’s announcement reinforces the leadership’s commitment to creating a harmonious and inclusive society.

 

3. 26 January – International Day of Clean Energy: The United Nations (UN’s) International Day of Clean Energy is observed annually on 26 January across the globe to raise awareness and encourage action toward a fair and inclusive transition to clean energy, benefiting both people and the planet.The 1st-ever International Day of Clean Energy was celebrated on 26th January 2024.26 January is also the founding date of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), a global intergovernmental agency established in 2009 to support countries in their energy transitions, serve as a platform for international cooperation, and provide data and analyses on clean energy technology, innovation, policy, finance and investment.

 

 

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. ISRO successfully launches NVS-02 satellite from Sriharikota: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully launched its new generation satellite NVS-02 from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh. Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-F15) carried the NVS-02.This launch marks a remarkable milestone for ISRO commemorating the 100th launch from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.The NVS-02 is the second satellite in the NVS series, and part of India’s Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC).NavIC is India’s independent regional navigation satellite system designed to provide accurate Position, Velocity, and Timing (PVT) service to users in India and the region extending about 1,500 km beyond the Indian landmass, which is its primary service area.NavIC provides two types of services: Standard Positioning Service (SPS) and Restricted Service (RS). NavIC SPS provides a position accuracy of better than 20 metres (2σ) and

 

2. Red Cross Raises Alarm Over Ebola Risks in  Goma: The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has expressed serious concerns regarding the potential escape of Ebola samples from a laboratory in Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo. Ongoing fighting in the city has raised fears of power cuts that could compromise the integrity of these samples. The ICRC urges immediate action to protect these pathogens, warning of catastrophic consequences if they were to spread. Ebola outbreaks are rare but have occurred regularly since the virus was identified. The largest outbreak occurred between 2014 and 2016, resulting in over 28,000 cases and 11,000 deaths. Ebola persists in infected animals and can occasionally spread to humans even between outbreaks.

 

3. India’s Role in United Nations Peacekeeping Missions: India has a long-standing commitment to United Nations peacekeeping missions. This commitment is brought into light by recent events in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Following the tragic deaths of peacekeepers, UN officials expressed gratitude for India’s contributions. India has deployed number of troops and police personnel to various missions, showcasing its dedication to global peace.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Khelo India Winter Games 2025: Ladakh finish on top: The Union Territory of Ladakh finished on top of the Khelo India Winter Games (KIWG) 2025, the first phase of which concluded at the NDS Stadium. Leh, the capital of Ladakh, hosted the games for the second time this year.The grand finale featured a thrilling men’s ice hockey final, where the Indian Army edged past ITBP 2-1 to retain the KIWG crown.The second and final phase of KIWG 2025 is scheduled to take place in Gulmarg, Jammu & Kashmir, from February 22 to 25.Ladakh bagged two of the four gold medals decided. Their mixed relay team, comprising Stanzin Jampal, Skarma Tsultim, Mohammed Saquaf Raza, and Padma Angmo, clinched gold with a time of 3:02.19 seconds. Maharashtra (3:03.78 seconds) and Telangana (3:04.85 seconds) secured silver and bronze, respectively.

 

2. Manush & Diya Chitale wins 2025 National TT Championship Singles title: Manush Shah and Diya Chitale have won the men’s and women’s singles titles, respectively, at the Senior National Table Tennis Championships 2025 at the Pandit Dindayal Upadhyay Indoor Stadium in Surat, Gujarat.Manush Shah defeated Payas Jain 4-1 (10-12, 11-6, 11-6, 12-10, 11-8) in the men’s singles table tennis final.In the women’s final, Diya Chitale faced a tougher challenge against two-time national champion Sreeja Akula but came out on top with a scoreline of 4-3 (10-12, 8-11, 13-11, 12-10, 11-8, 9-11, 11-9)

 

3. Odisha Warrior wins inaugural Women’s Hockey India League 2025: The Odisha Warriors Club has won the inaugural edition of the Women’s Hockey India League 2024-25 title by defeating Soorma Hockey Club 2-1 in the final played at the Marang Gomke Jaipal Singh Munda Astro Turf Hockey Stadium in Ranchi.The Women’s Hockey India League is a franchise club tournament based on the Cricket’s Indian Premier League (IPL) model.In the inaugural Women’s Hockey India League four franchise teams- Soorma Hockey Club, Delhi SG Pipers, Shrachi Rarh Bengal Tigers, and Odisha Warriors- participated.Each franchise team had a maximum of 24-player squad, which included at least 16 Indian hockey players (with a mandatory four junior players) and eight international hockey players.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. WHO Guidelines on K-Salts: Recent health guidelines from the World Health Organisation (WHO) suggest that switching from traditional  table salt to potassium-based  salts, known as K-salts, could aid in managing blood pressure and reducing heart disease risks. This recommendation is particularly relevant in countries like India, where hypertension is public health concern. Several challenges hinder the adoption of K-salts. Many consumers have developed a taste preference for high-sodium foods, leading to increased consumption of salty snacks and beverages. Sodium also enhances food shelf-life and moisture retention, making it a popular choice in packaged foods. Consequently, encouraging the switch to K-salts in the food industry may be difficult.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. India and Oman CEPA and DTAA: India and Oman are advancing their economic collaboration by expediting discussions for a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA). This development comes as the two nations aim to strengthen trade relations. In the fiscal year 2023-24, India’s exports to Oman were valued at approximately $4.47 billion. Conversely, imports from Oman were around $4.5 billion. Key imports include petroleum products and urea, which together account for over 70% of total imports from Oman.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. India honours Trinidad and Tobago President with Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award: India has conferred the Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award on Christine Carla Kangaloo, President of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, recognising her outstanding achievements in public affairs and her contributions to enhancing India’s global prestige.Kangaloo, an Indo-Trinidadian President, served as the chief guest for the 18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Convention held in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, from January 8 to 10, 2025.During her address at the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas, Kangaloo emphasised the deep-rooted ties between India and Trinidad and Tobago, dating back to 1845 when Indian indentured workers first arrived on the Trinidadian shores.She highlighted that India was among the first countries to establish diplomatic relations with Trinidad and Tobago after its independence in 1962.The Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award is the highest honour conferred upon overseas Indians for their exceptional contributions in various fields, strengthening ties between India and the global diaspora.

 

2. Laapataa Ladies bags Best International Film nomination at Japan Academy Film Prize 2024: Kiran Rao’s directorial feature Laapataa Ladies might not have secured an Oscar nomination, but it has now secured a nomination for a Japan Academy Film Prize.The film, which saw a theatrical release in Japan last year in October, was met warmly by the audience and completed a 100-day run at the box office. Now, it has been nominated in the prestigious Best International Film category at the Japan Academy Film Prize 2024.

 

3. Republic Day 2025 parade: Uttar Pradesh tableau wins first prize; J&K Rifles wins best-marching contingent: Uttar Pradesh’s tableau based on the theme ‘Mahakumbh 2025 – Swarnim Bharat: Virasat aur Vikas’, has won the best tableau award at the Republic Day Parade held on 26th January at Kartavya Path in New Delhi.While, Tripura’s ‘Eternal Reverence: The worship of 14 Deities in Tripura – Kharchi Puja’ themed tableau has been adjourned 2nd and Andhra Pradesh’s tableau depicting ‘Etikoppaka Bommalu – Eco-Friendly Wooden Toys’ won the 3rd prize.Amongst the Central Ministries and Departments, the Ministry of Tribal Affairs ‘Janjatiya Gaurav Varsh’ won the best tableau award.Meanwhile, the best Marching Contingent award was won by the Jammu and Kashmir Rifles Contingent among Services, while the Delhi Police Marching Contingent won the award among CAPFs and other auxiliary forces.The Central Public Works Department and ‘Jayati Jai Mamah Bharatam’ Dance Group were conferred with the Special Prize: (75 years of the Constitution of India).

 

Daily GK Update- 29th Jan, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Directorate General of Shipping & Centre for Development of Advanced Computing sign umbrella MOU to drive Maritime Innovation: The Directorate General of Shipping (DGS) and the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), a Scientific Society under Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) signed an umbrella Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), to advance technological innovation and excellence in India’s maritime sector.This MoU embodies a progressive vision for tackling challenges and leveraging opportunities in the maritime sector through technology, collaboration, and innovation. It establishes a strong foundation for building a sustainable and advanced maritime ecosystem in India.

 

2. JSW Group signs MoU with Odisha govt to set up 5-MTPA steel plant in Keonjhar: Sajjan Jindal-led JSW Group signed an MoU with the Odisha government to set up a 5-million tonnes per annum steel plant in Keonjhar district.The agreement was signed in presence of Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi and Sajjan Jindal here on the first day of ‘Utkarsh Odisha-Make in Odisha Conclave’.The JSW (Group) will set up a 5-MTPA steel plant in Keonjhar district at an investment of around Rs 35,000 crore.Keonjhar district is located in the iron ore reserves belt, and the minerals were being exported to other areas from the district. As a result, the locals did not get any benefit from the mineral resources.

 

3. Nagoba Jatara: The Nagoba Jatara is an important tribal festival celebrated by the Mesram clan of Adivasi Gonds in Keslapur village, Telangana. This eight-day event started on January 28 and is regarded as the second largest Adivasi fair in India. It draws participants from various states including Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, and Madhya Pradesh. The festival showcases the rich cultural heritage and traditions of the Gond community. The Jatara attracts thousands of participants. Elders of the Mesram clan play a central role in the rituals. They perform the ‘Bheting’ ceremony, where new brides are introduced to the clan. This process ensures their acceptance within the community and connection to their deities.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India’s participation in International Travel Trade Exhibition at FITUR, Madrid: The Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, has participated in one of the leading travel fairs – IFEMA being held in Madrid, Spain for positioning India as a potential leading destination in the source market of Spain and Latin America.The exhibition at FITUR, considered to be a benchmark event in the tourism sector, was held from 22nd – 26th January 2025. FITUR is the global meeting point for tourism professionals and leading fair for inbound and outbound markets in Ibero-America.The Indian delegation comprised of more than 23 co-exhibitors, including the State Governments of Karnataka, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand amongst others showcased their unique tourism products and experiences under the Incredible India banner at FITUR.

 

2. Georgia declared malaria-free after decades-long battle: The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced that Georgia has officially been certified as malaria-free, marking a significant milestone in the country’s nearly century-long battle against the disease.Georgia becomes the 45th country and the first in the WHO European Region to achieve this status.The certification process requires a country to demonstrate that no indigenous malaria cases have been reported for at least three consecutive years. Georgia achieved this milestone in 2015, after successfully interrupting the transmission of the three main malaria parasite species: P. falciparum, P. malariae, and P. vivax.

 

3. Micheal Martin returns as Irish prime minister: Micheal Martin has been elected as the Republic of Ireland’s prime minister for a second time. Lawmakers voted 95 to 76 in support of the nomination of the Fianna Fail leader.Martin will lead a coalition government made up of the two largest centre-right parties, in addition to independent lawmakers.Martin, 64, was previously prime minister from 2020 to 2022 before handing the position to Fine Gael for the second half of the term.

 

4. Alexander Lukashenko wins seventh straight term in ‘sham’ Belarus election: Longtime Belarusian leader Alexander Lukashenko has been declared winner of a disputed presidential election, securing a seventh straight term, according to the country’s electoral body.Belarus’ incumbent President Alexander Lukashenko has won the presidential election. Preliminary data from the Central Election Commission shows that Lukashenko received 86.82 per cent of the vote.According to the law, Belarus’ president is chosen through direct elections, and a candidate receiving more than 50 per cent of the vote is declared elected. The president is elected for five-year terms.

 

5. 26 January 2025 – World Leprosy Day: World Leprosy Day is observed every year on the last Sunday of January. In 2025, the World Leprosy Day is on 26 January.This international day is an opportunity to celebrate people who have experienced leprosy, raise awareness of the disease, and call for an end to leprosy-related stigma and discrimination.Theme 2025 – Unite. Act. Eliminate

 

6. Red Cross Raises Alarm Over Ebola Risks in Goma: The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has expressed serious concerns regarding the potential escape of Ebola samples from a laboratory in Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo. Ongoing fighting in the city has raised fears of power cuts that could compromise the integrity of these samples. The ICRC urges immediate action to protect these pathogens, warning of catastrophic consequences if they were to spread. Ebola outbreaks are rare but have occurred regularly since the virus was identified. The largest outbreak occurred between 2014 and 2016, resulting in over 28,000 cases and 11,000 deaths. Ebola persists in infected animals and can occasionally spread to humans even between outbreaks.

 

7. Resumption of Kailash Mansarovar Yatra: India and China have recently agreed to resume the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra, marking moment in bilateral relations. This decision follows Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri’s visit to Beijing and comes after months of negotiations to resolve military tensions at the Line of Actual Control. The yatra, which was halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent geopolitical tensions, is now set to recommence under existing agreements. Many believe that completing the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra leads to Moksha or liberation. The pilgrimage includes the Kailash Kora, a circumambulation of the mountain, which takes several days. The mountain’s mysteries, including its unique shape and sounds, have intrigued scientists and spiritual seekers alike.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. India’s Role in United Nations Peacekeeping Missions: India has a long-standing commitment to United Nations peacekeeping missions. This commitment is brought into light by recent events in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Following the tragic deaths of peacekeepers, UN officials expressed gratitude for India’s contributions. India has deployed number of troops and police personnel to various missions, showcasing its dedication to global peace. UN peacekeeping involves activities aimed at maintaining or restoring international peace.Established in 1948, it operates under principles of consent, impartiality, and non-use of force except for self-defence.

Today, approximately 100,000 personnel from 125 countries are engaged in active missions worldwide.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. India’s Jyothi Yarraji wins gold medal in women’s 60m indoor hurdles in France: In Athletics, India’s Jyothi Yarraji broke her own national record and won the gold medal in the women’s 60m indoor hurdles at the Meeting de Nantes Métropole 2025 in France.Jyothi Yarraji, who already holds the national record in women’s 100m hurdles, clocked 8.04 seconds to win the final A at the Pierre-Quinon Metropolitan Stadium.At the 2023 Asian Games, Jyothi won the silver medal in the 100m hurdles, clocking 12.91 seconds. Last year, she made her Olympic debut in Paris, where she finished fourth in the women’s 100m hurdles repechage heat, failing to qualify for the semi-finals.

 

2. PM Modi inaugurates the 38th National Games in Dehradun: Prime Minister Narendra Modi has inaugurated the 38th National Games in Dehradun, Uttarakhand.The 38th National Games is being hosted in Dehradun, Uttarakhand during its Silver Jubilee year and will be held in 11 cities across 8 districts of Uttarakhand from 28th January to 14th February.36 states and one union territory will participate in the National Games. Over 17 days, competitions for 35 sports disciplines will be held. Among these, medals will be awarded for 33 sports, while two will be exhibition sports. Yoga and Mallakhamb have been included in the National Games for the first time. More than 10,000 athletes from across the country will participate in the event.With a focus on sustainability, the theme for the National Games this year is “Green Games.”

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. WHO Guidelines on K-Salts: Recent health guidelines from the World Health Organisation (WHO) suggest that switching from traditional table salt to potassium-based salts, known as K-salts, could aid in managing blood pressure and reducing heart disease risks. This recommendation is particularly relevant in countries like India, where hypertension is public health concern. Several challenges hinder the adoption of K-salts. Many consumers have developed a taste preference for high-sodium foods, leading to increased consumption of salty snacks and beverages. Sodium also enhances food shelf-life and moisture retention, making it a popular choice in packaged foods. Consequently, encouraging the switch to K-salts in the food industry may be difficult.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Reserve Bank of India ombudsman resolves 95% of complaints in FY24: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has resolved 95 per cent of complaints received under the Reserve Bank-Integrated Ombudsman Scheme (RB-IOS) between April 1, 2023, and March 31, 2024.According to the annual report of the Ombudsman Scheme for this period, a total of 9,34,355 complaints were lodged under RB-IOS. These complaints were handled by the Offices of the RBI Ombudsman (ORBIOs) and the Centralised Receipt and Processing Centre (CRPC).The RBI’s Integrated Ombudsman Scheme recorded a 32.81 per cent increase in complaints from banking customers during the financial year ending March 2024. As per the report, 57.07 per cent of maintainable complaints were resolved through mutual settlement, conciliation, or mediation, while 40.78 per cent were dismissed due to the absence of any service deficiency.

 

2. IRDAI imposes ₹1 crore penalty on Royal Sundaram General Insurance: The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has imposed a ₹1 crore penalty on Royal Sundaram General Insurance for violation of norms pertaining to outsourcing of activities.In an inspection, the regulator observed payments in excess of ₹1 crore, made during 2018-19 and 2019-20 to vendors, were not reported in the outsourcing returns filed with the Authority.The insurer also failed to submit the explanation/ information sought by the inspection team during the inspection period.

 

3. Ujjivan SFB board approves filing for universal bank license with RBI: The Board of Directors of Ujjivan Small Finance Bank (SFB) has approved to file an application with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for universal bank license.Apart from Ujjivan SFB, AU SFB has already applied for an universal bank license with the RBI. Jana SFB too is expected to follow suit in the current calendar year.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Hariman Sharma selected for Padma Shri revolutionised apple cultivation: Hariman Sharma, a visionary farmer from Himachal Pradesh, has been honored with Padma Shri, one of the highest Civilian Award for his transformative contribution to Indian agriculture.He developed an innovative, self- pollinating, low chilling apple variety called HRMN – 99, that has revolutionized the apple cultivation landscape in the country and brought a juicy nutritive variety more within reach in terms of geography and affordability.Unlike commercial apple varieties that require temperate climates and extended chilling hours, HRMN-99 thrives in tropical, sub-tropical, and plain regions with summer temperatures reaching 40-45°C, enabling apple farming in areas where it was previously considered unviable.

 

2. Wing Commander Akshay Saxena Receives Vayu Sena Medal: Wing Commander Akshay Saxena has been awarded the Vayu Sena Medal (Gallantry) for his exceptional contributions during anti-piracy operations in the Arabian Sea. This recognition marks the increasing threats posed by piracy in international waters, particularly from Houthi rebels targeting merchant vessels. The operation, conducted on 16 March last year, was part of the Indian Navy’s Operation Sankalp, aimed at ensuring maritime security in the region. The operation puts stress on the importance of inter-service coordination in modern military operations. It demonstrates the Indian Armed Forces’ capability to respond swiftly to maritime threats. The successful execution of this mission also reflects the strategic importance of the Arabian Sea for trade and security.

 

Daily GK Update- 28th Jan, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

Kerala CM Vijayan launches disaster risk warning system KaWaCHaM: Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan has inaugurated India’s first fully integrated disaster warning system KaWaCHaM (Kerala Warnings, a Crisis and Hazard Management System).The KaWaCHaM system has been developed under the National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project.The KaWaCHaM system is considered one of the fastest weather alert systems in the world which will enhance rescue and rehabilitation efforts during extreme weather events driven by climate change.The KaWaCHaM system has been developed by the Kerala State Disaster Management Authority (KSDMA) with funding support from the National Disaster Management Authority, the government of India, and the World Bank. It is a part of the National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project.

 

NITI Aayog launches the “Fiscal Health Index 2025” in New Delhi: NITI Aayog has unveiled the inaugural edition of the Fiscal Health Index (FHI) 2025 in New Delhi, aiming to assess and improve the fiscal health of Indian states.The report was launched by Dr. Arvind Panagariya, Chairman of the 16th Finance Commission, in the presence of senior dignitaries, including NITI Aayog Vice Chairman Suman Bery, CEO BVR Subrahmanyam, and member Dr. Arvind Virmani.

 

The FHI report evaluates 18 major states based on five critical sub-indices: Quality of Expenditure, Revenue Mobilisation, Fiscal Prudence, Debt Index, and Debt Sustainability.Odisha emerged as the top performer with a score of 67.8, followed by Chhattisgarh (55.2) and Goa (53.6). The rankings highlight interstate disparities, with achiever states excelling in fiscal discipline, while states like Karnataka face challenges in expenditure management and debt sustainability.

 

Government set a target of 10,000 GI Tag by 2030: The Government of India has set a target of 10,000 Geographical Indication (GI) tags for the Indian products by 2030. According to the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) 605 Indian products have been issued GI tags till date.The new target for the GI tag was announced by the Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal at the GI Samagam held in New Delhi.Darjeeling tea was the first product to be given a GI in 2003. The geographical indication registration is valid for 10 years. It can be renewed from time to time for 10 years each.

 

25 January – National Tourism Day: National Tourism Day is celebrated annually on January 25 to highlight the importance of tourism in India and promote its potential as a key driver of the country’s economy.The day aims to encourage tourism in India, raise awareness about the diverse culture, heritage, and natural beauty of the country, and promote responsible and sustainable tourism practices.Theme 2025 – Tourism for Inclusive Growth

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. 24 January – International Day of Education: International Day of Education is celebrated on January 24 each year to recognize the pivotal role of education in achieving global peace, development, and human rights.The day aims to raise awareness about the global need for quality education, especially in underserved regions, and to advocate for inclusive and equitable education for allTheme 2024 – AI and education: Preserving human agency in a world of automation It is proclaimed by the United Nations in 2018, this day highlights the importance of education for sustainable development and its role in empowering individuals and communities.

 

2. 27 January – International Day of Commemoration in memory of the victims of the Holocaust: Every year on 27 January, the international community comes together to commemorate the International Holocaust Remembrance Day. This Day was chosen by the United Nations General Assembly to mark the liberation of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp in 1945.The United Nations Office at Geneva and its partners will mark the International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust (27 January) reflecting the theme of this year’s commemoration: “Holocaust Remembrance for Dignity and Human Rights”

 

3. 26 January – International Customs Day: International Customs Day is observed annually on 26th January to recognize the role of customs officials and agencies in the global trade system.

The day aims to raise awareness about the important role customs plays in global trade, economic development, and security by ensuring the effective implementation of laws and regulations.Theme 2025 – Customs Delivering on its Commitment to Efficiency, Security and ProsperityThe roots of International Customs Day trace back to the formation of the Customs Cooperation Council (CCC), which is now known as the World Customs Organisation (WCO). The CCC was established in 1952 as an intergovernmental body to improve the efficiency of customs administrations around the globe.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. INS Sarvekshak Completes Hydrographic Survey in  Mauritius: The Indian Navy’s INS Sarvekshak has successfully concluded a major hydrographic survey in Mauritius. This survey covered over 25,000 square nautical miles. The formal handover of the survey results took place on January 23, 2025. High Commissioner of India to Mauritius, Anurag Srivastava, presented the fair sheet and nautical charts to President Dharambeer Gokhool. This event marks milestone in India-Mauritius maritime cooperation. INS Sarvekshak is equipped with advanced hydrographic survey tools. These include sonar systems and various survey boats. The ship also houses a helicopter and a Bofors 40 mm gun. Its operational versatility enhances its role in maritime surveys and security.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Sindhu & Lakshya to lead India in Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championship: The Badminton Association of India (BAI) has announced a 14-member India squad for the 4th Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships to be played in Qingdao, China from 11-19 February 2025.The Indian team will be led by two-time Olympic medallist PV Sindhu and Paris Olympics semi-finalist Lakshya Sen, both of whom are among the country’s top badminton stars.The India team won a bronze medal at the 3rd edition of the Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships held in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates in 2023.China is the most successful team in the Championship with two gold medals and one bronze medal. India has won only one medal -bronze at the 2023 edition.

 

2. India Squad for Badminton Asia Mixed Team Championships: Men: Lakshya Sen, HS Prannoy, Satwiksairaj Rankireddy, Chirag Shetty, Dhruv Kapila, MR Arjun, Sathish Kumar K Women: PV Sindhu, Malvika Bansod, Gayatri Gopichand, Treesa Jolly, Ashwini Ponnappa, Tanisha Crasto, Adya Variyath.

 

3. Arshdeep Singh named ICC Men’s T20I Cricketer of the Year: The left-arm pacer of India, Arshdeep Singh, was the leading wicket-taker during India’s successful outing in the 2024 ICC T20 World Cup, and he recently became India’s highest wicket-taker in T20 internationals.Rohit Sharma was named the captain of the ICC Men’s T20I Team of the Year 2024 while Arshdeep Singh won the ICC Men’s T20I Cricketer of the Year 2024 award. Arshdeep Singh, along with Jasprit Bumrah, Hardik Pandya and Rohit Sharma, was also named in the ICC Men’s T20I Team of the Year while the ICC Women’s T20I Team of the Year 2024 included Smriti Mandhana, Richa Ghosh and Deepti Sharma.

 

4. Jannik Sinner & Madison Keys wins 2025 Australian Open Singles Titles: Jannik Sinner of Italy and Madison Keys of the United States of America won the men’s and women’s singles titles of the 2025 Australian Open Grand Slam Tennis tournament, respectively.The 2024 Australian Open singles winner, Jannik Sinner successfully defended his Australian Open title. It was the first Australian Open title for Madison Keys.It was the third Grand Slam title for Jannik Sinner and the first Grand Slam title for Madison Keys.The 120th edition of the Australian Open was held from 6-26 January 2025 at Melbourne Park in Melbourne City, Australia.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Silicon Carbide Extraction from Simulated Lunar  Soil: Recently, researchers at IIT Madras have successfully extracted silicon carbide from simulated moon  soil. This achievement has implications for constructing habitats on the moon. Silicon carbide has a wide range of applications. It is used in industrial furnaces, wear-resistant components for pumps, and rocket engines. In electronics, SiC serves as a substrate for light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Its hardness makes it an excellent abrasive, second only to diamond and cubic boron nitride.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Suriaraj takes charge as executive director of Dhanlaxmi Bank: Suriaraj has taken charge as Executive Director of the Dhanlaxmi Bank. He was appointed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as executive director of the Bank for a period of three years.A seasoned banker with 37 years’ experience with the Tamilnad Mercantile Bank Ltd, Mr. Suriaraj has served as the General Manager of various departments, including Integrated treasury, HR, recovery, establishment, planning and resource mobilization, operation and services, inspection and accounts.Suriaraj is a post graduate in Commerce and a Certified Associate of the Indian Institute of Bankers (CAIIB) and he will represent as a whole time director on the Board in accordance with Section 10A(2)(a) of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.

 

2. India’s Forex Reserves Decline: India’s foreign exchange (forex) reserves have experienced fluctuations in recent weeks. As of January 17, 2025, the reserves stood at $623.983 billion, a decrease of $1.88 billion from the previous week. This decline follows a larger drop of $8.714 billion recorded in the week ending January 10. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) attributes these changes to market interventions aimed at stabilising the Indian rupee and adjustments in asset valuations. The decline in reserves marks a shift from the peak of $704.885 billion reached in September 2024. The recent downward trend is concerning for analysts, as it may indicate underlying economic pressures. Continuous monitoring of reserve levels is vital for assessing India’s economic health.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Padma Awards 2025 Announced: On the eve of the 76th Republic Day, as per tradition, the Union Ministry of Home Affairs announced the names of the 2025 Padma awardees.Padma Awards – one of the highest civilian Awards of the country, are conferred in three categories, namely, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri.The awards are given in various disciplines/ fields of activity, viz.- art, social work, public affairs, science and engineering, trade and industry, medicine, literature and education, sports, civil service, etc. ‘Padma Vibhushan’ is awarded for exceptional and distinguished service; ‘Padma Bhushan’ for distinguished service of high order and ‘Padma Shri’ for distinguished service in any field.