Daily GK Update- 8th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Over 13,000 sq km of Forest Land Under Encroachment Across India: Govt Report Reveals: Over 13,000 square kilometres of forest area — more than the total geographical area of Delhi, Sikkim and Goa combined — is under encroachment in 25 states and Union territories that have so far submitted data to the Union environment ministry. Ten states are yet to submit data on forest encroachment.Last year, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) took suo motu cognisance of a PTI report that cited government data showing 7,50,648 hectares (7,506.48 square kilometres) of forest area — more than five times the size of Delhi — was under encroachment.The NGT had directed the ministry in April last year to compile the details of encroachment of forest areas in all states and Union Territories in a prescribed format.In a report submitted to the NGT, the ministry said that as of March 2024, a total of 13,05,668.1 hectares (or 13,056 square kilometres) of forest area was under encroachment in 25 states and Union territories that had provided data.

 

2. CM Himanta launches Assam’s biggest women entrepreneurship support scheme: The Assam Government has launched its biggest women entrepreneurship support scheme, offering `10,000 as seed capital to boost self-employment opportunities for women.The scheme, called ‘Mukhya Mantri Mahila Udyamita Abhiyan,’ was launched by Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma in Behali, Biswanath district, and will be rolled out across the state in phases.Through the new scheme, the government will provide `10,000 as seed capital in the first year, `25,000 (`12,500 as loan and equal amount as government support) in the second year on productive usage of seed capital, and `50,000 in the third stage.

 

3. President Droupadi Murmu signs Waqf (Amendment) bill 2025 into law: President Droupadi Murmu has given her assent to the Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025, which was passed by Parliament during its budget session. The President also gave her assent to the Mussalman Waqf (Repeal) Bill, 2025, which was also passed by Parliament.The Rajya Sabha passed the bill with 128 votes in favor and 95 against, while the Lok Sabha cleared the bill after a lengthy debate, with 288 members voting in favor and 232 opposing it.The Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025, focuses on improving the management of waqf properties, empowering stakeholders relevant to the management of waqf properties, improving the efficiency of the survey, registration, and case disposal process, and developing waqf properties. While the core purpose remains the management of waqf properties, the aim is to implement modern and scientific methods for better governance. The Mussalman Waqf Act of 1923 was also repealed.

 

4. PM Modi inaugurates India’s first vertical-lift sea bridge in Tamil Nadu: Prime Minister Narendra Modi has inaugurated the New Pamban Bridge in Tamil Nadu. This landmark project is India’s first vertical-lift sea bridge, showcasing the nation’s growing engineering and infrastructural capabilities.The 2.07-kilometre-long bridge, spanning the Palk Strait, stands as a testament to India’s engineering prowess and visionary infrastructure development.A demonstration showcased the bridge’s functionality, with visuals capturing key moments. An Indian Coast Guard (ICG) boat successfully navigated under the structure, highlighting its vertical clearance and maritime accessibility. Following the boat’s passage, a train crossed the bridge, demonstrating its structural integrity and operational readiness.The story of the bridge dates back to 1914, when British engineers constructed the original Pamban Bridge—a cantilever structure with a Scherzer rolling lift span—connecting Rameswaram Island to mainland India. The new bridge, sanctioned in 2019, is three metres taller than the original, enhancing sea connectivity and accommodating maritime traffic more efficiently.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Bangladesh assumes Chairmanship of BIMSTEC for next two years: Bangladesh assumed the chairmanship of the regional grouping – Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (Bimstec) – for the next two years.Upon receiving the Chairmanship from the Prime Minister of Thailand, Chief Adviser of the Interim Government of Bangladesh Muhammad Yunus made a statement of acceptance, underscoring an inclusive and action-oriented Bimstec.Yunus reaffirmed Bangladesh’s commitment to advancing regional cooperation and development. The Bimstec comprises seven countries of the Bay of Bengal region – Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand.

 

2. Thomas Cook India taps Kartik Aaryan as brand ambassador for forex business: Thomas Cook India Limited has appointed Bollywood actor Kartik Aaryan as brand ambassador for its foreign exchange business.The strategic move aims to target India’s millennial and Gen Z travellers, who the company identifies as powerful drivers in the country’s outbound travel growth.The partnership begins with a campaign promoting Thomas Cook’s recently launched Borderless Travel Card, a multi-currency prepaid card designed for international travellers.

 

3. 6 April – International Day of Sport for Development and Peace: The International Day of Sport for Development and Peace (IDSDP) is observed every year on 6 April, celebrating the transformative power of sport in fostering positive change, bridging divides, and transcending boundaries.Theme 2025 – Levelling the Playing Field: Sport for Social InclusionIn August 2013, the UN General Assembly decided to proclaim 6 April as the International Day of Sport for Development and Peace, and it has been celebrated each year since 2014.

 

4. 7 April – International Day of Reflection on the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi in Rwanda: The International Day of Reflection on the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi in Rwanda is observed every year on 7 April.This day marks the beginning of one of the darkest chapters in recent history, when in 1994, over 800,000 Tutsi, along with moderate Hutu and others who opposed the genocide, were systematically killed in just 100 days.Proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in 2003, the day serves as a solemn occasion to honor the victims, support the survivors, and reflect on the lessons learned.This annual observance encourages people globally to stand up against hate speech, discrimination, and violence, and to promote values of peace, human rights, and dignity for all.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. All Women’s Tri Service Samudra Pradakshina flagged off from Mumbai: The first tri-service all-women global circumnavigation expedition “Samudra Pradakshina” on board the IASV (Indian Army Sailing Vessel) Triveni was flagged off from Mumbai.The expedition was flagged off by Lieutenant General AK Ramesh, Commandant, College of Military Engineering, from the Indian Naval Watermanship Training Centre, Colaba, Mumbai.The 12 crew members of IASV Triveni have been drawn from the Indian Armed Forces- Indian Army, Indian Navy, and Indian Air Force. All the crew members were given rigorous training at the Army Adventure Nodal Centre for Blue Water Sailing in Marve, Mumbai.The expedition will sail to Seychelles and come back to Mumbai, covering the 4,000 nautical mile journey in 55 days. The expedition is part of the armed forces to promote women’s empowerment or Nari Shakti.Last year, the Indian Navy succesfully launched its all women second Navika Sagar Parikrama expedition to circumnavigate the globe on board the Indian Naval Sailing Vessel Tarini or INSV Tarini. It was manned by two women officers of the India Navy.

 

2. Naval Base INS Varsha: India is set to enhance its naval capabilities with the commissioning of INS Varsha, a strategic naval base for nuclear submarines in coastal Andhra Pradesh. This initiative aims to counter China’s expanding naval presence in the Indian Ocean Region. The base, located near Rambilli, is designed to provide a secure and advanced facility for India’s nuclear submarines, ensuring operational readiness and stealth.INS Varsha will be operational by 2026. It will feature advanced underground facilities, allowing submarines to enter and exit without detection. This base will accommodate at least ten nuclear submarines, enhancing India’s nuclear deterrence capabilities. The project has faced numerous challenges but is nearing completion after over a decade of construction.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Iron Opacity in Sun: Recent studies have revealed vital information about the opacity of iron in the sun. This opacity affects our understanding of stellar physics and the behaviour of stars. Scientists have long debated the discrepancy between observed data and theoretical models regarding elemental abundances in the sun. New research suggests that iron’s opacity may be much higher than previously predicted, which could have deep implications for solar models and our understanding of the universe.Opacity is a measure of how much light a material absorbs. In stars, opacity affects energy transfer and temperature profiles. High opacity means less light escapes, influencing a star’s brightness and heat distribution.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. RBI to issue ₹10, ₹500 notes in new series bearing Gov. Malhotra’s signature: The Reserve Bank of India will issue ₹10 and ₹500 denomination banknotes in Mahatma Gandhi (New) Series bearing the signature of the new RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra.The design of these notes is similar in all respects to ₹10 and ₹500 banknotes in Mahatma Gandhi (New) Series.All banknotes in the denominatio nof ₹10 issued by the Reserve Bank in the past will continue to be legal tender. All banknotes in the denomination of ₹500 in Mahatma Gandhi (New) Series issued by the Reserve Bank in the past will also continue to be legal tender.

 

2. Axis Bank Becomes First to Launch B2B Collections via Bharat Connect: Axis Bank has partnered with a Fortune 500 company to launch India’s first B2B collections solution using NBBL’s Bharat Connect (formerly BBPS), marking a major milestone in digital payment innovation.The solution enables seamless invoice payments across sectors like FMCG, Pharma, Automotives, and Healthcare, integrating multiple ordering apps and simplifying collections for distributors and retailers.Developed using Axis Bank’s advanced Corporate API stack, the platform offers a scalable, customizable, and agile system, supported by NPCI Bharat BillPay Ltd. (NBBL) to streamline supply chain finance operations.

 

3. IDFC FIRST Bank Authorized for Central Government Pension Disbursement: IDFC FIRST Bank has been authorized by the Central Pension Accounting Office (CPAO), Government of India, to disburse pensions to Central Government pensioners, including All India Service Officers, former Members of Parliament, and retired Judges of High Courts and the Supreme Court. ​Pensioners can receive their pensions directly into their IDFC FIRST Bank Savings Account, which offers benefits such as zero fees on various banking services, higher interest rates with monthly credits, and exclusive senior citizen advantages. ​The bank allows pension accounts to be opened jointly with a spouse, ensuring continuity of the family pension in the same account upon the primary pensioner’s demise. ​To initiate pension disbursement through IDFC FIRST Bank, pensioners need to share their bank account details with their employer, who will coordinate with the respective Pay & Accounts Office and CPAO for processing.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. President Droupadi Murmu Honoured with Key to City of Lisbon: President Droupadi Murmu attended the ceremony to deliver the city key of honour. The ceremony is being organized by the Mayor of Lisbon, Carlos Manuel, to present the key of the city in her honour. The Key to the City of Lisbon is the highest honour accorded by the city of Lisbon.She is visiting Portugal at the invitation of President of Portugal, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa. The visit is taking place after a gap of 27 years. The last State Visit took place in 1998 when President K R Narayanan visited Portugal.

 

Daily GK Update- 7th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Parliament passes the Protection of Interest in Aircraft Objects Bill 2025: The Protection of Interest in Aircraft Objects Bill, 2025, passed by both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, marks the second major aviation reform under Civil Aviation Minister Ram Mohan Naidu.The bill aims to align India’s aircraft leasing and financing ecosystem with global standards, providing a critical boost to investor confidence in the country’s rapidly growing aviation market.It builds on the framework of the Cape Town Convention of 2001, which sought to simplify and standardize international leasing agreements. Although India formally adopted this convention in 2008, gaps in legal enforcement led to higher leasing costs—typically 8 to 10 percent higher than in other nations. This legislation aims to address those gaps, ensuring legal certainty for aircraft financiers and reducing costs for Indian carriers.

 

2. Jal Shakti Minister C.R. Patil launches a new website of the Department of Water Resources, RD &GR based: Union Minister of Jal Shakti, R. Patil, launched a new website for the Department of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation (DoWR, RD & GR) in New Delhi.This initiative aligns with the Digital Brand Identity Manual (DBIM) framework, aiming to create a cohesive digital ecosystem across all government departments.Key features of the new website include:Consistent User Experience: The DBIM framework ensures a uniform look and feel across government websites, enhancing user navigation and accessibility.​Enhanced Accessibility: The website complies with the latest Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), making it accessible to all citizens, including those with disabilities.​

 

3. Jal Shakti Minister C.R. Paatil launches Web-based Reservoir Storage Monitoring System (RSMS) Portal: Union Jal Shakti Minister C.R. Patil launched the Web-based Reservoir Storage Monitoring System (RSMS) Portal in New Delhi, which automates the generation of weekly water storage bulletins, replacing the earlier manual system.The portal monitors 161 key reservoirs (total live storage capacity of 182.375 BCM) and provides real-time updates, graphs, tables, and downloadable bulletins. It is accessible to decision-makers and the general public.Bulletins are issued every Thursday and shared with agencies including PMO, NITI Aayog, IMD, MoJS, and various state governments. Advisories are released in case of critical storage situations.Reservoir data support agriculture, power, domestic use, disaster management, and climate resilience, playing a critical role in ensuring water security and planning crop cycles across the country.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Hungary first European country to withdraw from the ICC: The Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban has announced that his country is withdrawing from the International Criminal Court (ICC). Hungary is the first European country to withdraw from the International Criminal Court, which was established in 2002.The decision to withdraw from the ICC was announced by Viktor Orbán in the presence of the visiting Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who is on a four-day official visit to Hungary.The ICC has issued an arrest warrant against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu for his alleged war crimes in Gaza.Hungary, being the founder member of the ICC and a signatory to the 1998 Rome Statute, was under an obligation to arrest Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. With Hungary’s decision to withdraw from the ICC, the country is under no obligation to arrest Benjamin Netanyahu.

 

2. The Ottawa Convention on Anti-Personnel Mines: The Ottawa Convention, also known as the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Treaty, was concluded during a diplomatic conference in Oslo on 18 September 1997. It was opened for signature in Ottawa from 3 to 4 December 1997 and later at the United Nations Headquarters. The treaty came into force on 1 March 1999. Its aim is to eliminate the humanitarian crisis caused by anti-personnel mines, which are designed to detonate when triggered by unsuspecting individuals. Under the Convention, countries were required to destroy their landmine stockpiles within four years. However, compliance has varied. Russia, USA, China, India, and Israel have never signed this treaty.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. India’s Defence Export Protocol: India’s Ministry of External Affairs recently defended its strategic trade practices amid claims of improper arms supply to Russia. This comes in the context of ongoing geopolitical tensions and India’s commitment to international trade regulations. The Ministry asserted that Indian companies adhere strictly to export controls and end-user commitments.In FY 2024-25, defence exports reached ₹23,622 crore, marking a 12.04% growth from the previous year. The government has implemented measures to simplify licensing requirements, facilitating an increase in defence exports. This includes support for both Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) and the emerging private sector.

 

2. Challenges Facing Advanced Light Helicopter Operations: Developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), the ALH has been grounded due to safety concerns following fatal crashes. This situation has raised alarms about the helicopter’s reliability and the implications for military operations.The ALH programme commenced in 1984, with initial design support from Germany. The helicopter first flew in 1992 and achieved military certification in 2002. It was designed for multi-role missions and is classified into several variants, including Mk-I, Mk-II, Mk-III, and Mk-IV. Despite its potential, the ALH has encountered various operational setbacks.

 

 

 

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Re-Entry of POEM-4 Module: To ensure a safe re-entry, ISRO engineers performed engine restarts to de-orbit POEM-4 to a nearly circular orbit at 350 km with a 55.2° inclination. The module was passivated by venting remaining fuel, reducing the risk of accidental break-up during descent.During its operational period, POEM-4 hosted various innovative payloads. Notably, it included India’s first astrobiology experiments developed by students from RV College of Engineering and Amity University. The payloads successfully collected valuable scientific data, contributing to research in space technology and astrobiology.

 

2. Rapid-CRISPR for Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia Diagnosis: Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) is a rare but aggressive form of leukaemia. This blood cancer arises from a genetic mutation involving the fusion of PML and RARA genes. The result is decrease in white blood cells and platelets. This reduction hampers the body’s ability to fight infections and manage bleeding. APL can cause severe internal bleeding, particularly in vital organs. Without prompt treatment, it can lead to death within days. However, early diagnosis and treatment can lead to high cure rates.Researchers at Tata Memorial Hospital have developed a new diagnostic test called RAPID-CRISPR. This test utilises CRISPR technology for rapid and accurate diagnosis. The test can deliver results in under three hours. It is also more cost-effective than traditional tests. Importantly, it does not require complex laboratory setups.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. What is Stagflation?: Stagflation refers to a situation where an economy experiences slow growth, high unemployment, and persistent inflation simultaneously. This combination creates a challenging environment for economic management.The current global economy faces stagflation risks due to supply chain disruptions, rising commodity prices, and geopolitical tensions. Policymakers must navigate these challenges to promote stability and growth.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Recent Award: Uttar Pradesh Anmol Ratan Award – Nikhil SinghalUgadi Award from the Andhra Pradesh government – Historian and archaeologist MyNaa Swamy59th Jnanpith Award – Vinod Kumar Shukla (for Deewar Mein Ek Khirki Rehti Thi)Maharashtra Bhushan Award 2024 – Veteran Sculptor Ram SutarOeko-Tex certification from Germany for Eri silk – North Eastern Handicrafts and Handlooms Development CorporationStockholm Water Prize 2025 – Austrian hydrologist Günter Blöschl (for his groundbreaking contributions to flood risk management and water resource engineering)

 

2. Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana Award
: The Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana is the highest civilian honour awarded by Sri Lanka. It recognises foreign leaders who have encourageed strong ties with the nation. Recently, Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi received this award during his state visit to Sri Lanka.The award consists of a silver medal adorned with nine Sri Lankan gems, known as Navarathna. The design features a globe surrounded by lotus petals. At the centre is a Pun Kalasa, symbolising prosperity. The medal also includes symbols of the Sun and Moon, along with a Dharma Chakra, representing shared Buddhist heritage. It is presented with a 6.5 cm wide ribbon for wearing around the neck.

Daily GK Update- 6th Apr, 2025

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Parliament passes the Protection of Interest in Aircraft Objects Bill 2025: The Protection of Interest in Aircraft Objects Bill, 2025, passed by both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, marks the second major aviation reform under Civil Aviation Minister Ram Mohan Naidu.The bill aims to align India’s aircraft leasing and financing ecosystem with global standards, providing a critical boost to investor confidence in the country’s rapidly growing aviation market.It builds on the framework of the Cape Town Convention of 2001, which sought to simplify and standardize international leasing agreements. Although India formally adopted this convention in 2008, gaps in legal enforcement led to higher leasing costs—typically 8 to 10 percent higher than in other nations. This legislation aims to address those gaps, ensuring legal certainty for aircraft financiers and reducing costs for Indian carriers.

 

2. Jal Shakti Minister C.R. Patil launches a new website of the Department of Water Resources, RD &GR based: Union Minister of Jal Shakti, R. Patil, launched a new website for the Department of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation (DoWR, RD & GR) in New Delhi.This initiative aligns with the Digital Brand Identity Manual (DBIM) framework, aiming to create a cohesive digital ecosystem across all government departments.Key features of the new website include:Consistent User Experience: The DBIM framework ensures a uniform look and feel across government websites, enhancing user navigation and accessibility.​Enhanced Accessibility: The website complies with the latest Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), making it accessible to all citizens, including those with disabilities.​

 

3. Jal Shakti Minister C.R. Paatil launches Web-based Reservoir Storage Monitoring System (RSMS) Portal: Union Jal Shakti Minister C.R. Patil launched the Web-based Reservoir Storage Monitoring System (RSMS) Portal in New Delhi, which automates the generation of weekly water storage bulletins, replacing the earlier manual system.The portal monitors 161 key reservoirs (total live storage capacity of 182.375 BCM) and provides real-time updates, graphs, tables, and downloadable bulletins. It is accessible to decision-makers and the general public.Bulletins are issued every Thursday and shared with agencies including PMO, NITI Aayog, IMD, MoJS, and various state governments. Advisories are released in case of critical storage situations.Reservoir data support agriculture, power, domestic use, disaster management, and climate resilience, playing a critical role in ensuring water security and planning crop cycles across the country.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Hungary first European country to withdraw from the ICC: The Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban has announced that his country is withdrawing from the International Criminal Court (ICC). Hungary is the first European country to withdraw from the International Criminal Court, which was established in 2002.The decision to withdraw from the ICC was announced by Viktor Orbán in the presence of the visiting Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who is on a four-day official visit to Hungary.The ICC has issued an arrest warrant against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu for his alleged war crimes in Gaza.Hungary, being the founder member of the ICC and a signatory to the 1998 Rome Statute, was under an obligation to arrest Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. With Hungary’s decision to withdraw from the ICC, the country is under no obligation to arrest Benjamin Netanyahu.

 

2. The Ottawa Convention on Anti-Personnel Mines: The Ottawa Convention, also known as the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Treaty, was concluded during a diplomatic conference in Oslo on 18 September 1997. It was opened for signature in Ottawa from 3 to 4 December 1997 and later at the United Nations Headquarters. The treaty came into force on 1 March 1999. Its aim is to eliminate the humanitarian crisis caused by anti-personnel mines, which are designed to detonate when triggered by unsuspecting individuals. Under the Convention, countries were required to destroy their landmine stockpiles within four years. However, compliance has varied. Russia, USA, China, India, and Israel have never signed this treaty.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. India’s Defence Export Protocol: India’s Ministry of External Affairs recently defended its strategic trade practices amid claims of improper arms supply to Russia. This comes in the context of ongoing geopolitical tensions and India’s commitment to international trade regulations. The Ministry asserted that Indian companies adhere strictly to export controls and end-user commitments.In FY 2024-25, defence exports reached ₹23,622 crore, marking a 12.04% growth from the previous year. The government has implemented measures to simplify licensing requirements, facilitating an increase in defence exports. This includes support for both Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) and the emerging private sector.

 

2. Challenges Facing Advanced Light Helicopter Operations: Developed by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), the ALH has been grounded due to safety concerns following fatal crashes. This situation has raised alarms about the helicopter’s reliability and the implications for military operations.The ALH programme commenced in 1984, with initial design support from Germany. The helicopter first flew in 1992 and achieved military certification in 2002. It was designed for multi-role missions and is classified into several variants, including Mk-I, Mk-II, Mk-III, and Mk-IV. Despite its potential, the ALH has encountered various operational setbacks.

 

 

 

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Re-Entry of POEM-4 Module: To ensure a safe re-entry, ISRO engineers performed engine restarts to de-orbit POEM-4 to a nearly circular orbit at 350 km with a 55.2° inclination. The module was passivated by venting remaining fuel, reducing the risk of accidental break-up during descent.During its operational period, POEM-4 hosted various innovative payloads. Notably, it included India’s first astrobiology experiments developed by students from RV College of Engineering and Amity University. The payloads successfully collected valuable scientific data, contributing to research in space technology and astrobiology.

 

2. Rapid-CRISPR for Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia Diagnosis: Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) is a rare but aggressive form of leukaemia. This blood cancer arises from a genetic mutation involving the fusion of PML and RARA genes. The result is decrease in white blood cells and platelets. This reduction hampers the body’s ability to fight infections and manage bleeding. APL can cause severe internal bleeding, particularly in vital organs. Without prompt treatment, it can lead to death within days. However, early diagnosis and treatment can lead to high cure rates.Researchers at Tata Memorial Hospital have developed a new diagnostic test called RAPID-CRISPR. This test utilises CRISPR technology for rapid and accurate diagnosis. The test can deliver results in under three hours. It is also more cost-effective than traditional tests. Importantly, it does not require complex laboratory setups.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. What is Stagflation?: Stagflation refers to a situation where an economy experiences slow growth, high unemployment, and persistent inflation simultaneously. This combination creates a challenging environment for economic management.The current global economy faces stagflation risks due to supply chain disruptions, rising commodity prices, and geopolitical tensions. Policymakers must navigate these challenges to promote stability and growth.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Recent Award: Uttar Pradesh Anmol Ratan Award – Nikhil SinghalUgadi Award from the Andhra Pradesh government – Historian and archaeologist MyNaa Swamy59th Jnanpith Award – Vinod Kumar Shukla (for Deewar Mein Ek Khirki Rehti Thi)Maharashtra Bhushan Award 2024 – Veteran Sculptor Ram SutarOeko-Tex certification from Germany for Eri silk – North Eastern Handicrafts and Handlooms Development CorporationStockholm Water Prize 2025 – Austrian hydrologist Günter Blöschl (for his groundbreaking contributions to flood risk management and water resource engineering)

 

2. Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana Award
: The Sri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana is the highest civilian honour awarded by Sri Lanka. It recognises foreign leaders who have encourageed strong ties with the nation. Recently, Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi received this award during his state visit to Sri Lanka.The award consists of a silver medal adorned with nine Sri Lankan gems, known as Navarathna. The design features a globe surrounded by lotus petals. At the centre is a Pun Kalasa, symbolising prosperity. The medal also includes symbols of the Sun and Moon, along with a Dharma Chakra, representing shared Buddhist heritage. It is presented with a 6.5 cm wide ribbon for wearing around the neck.

Daily GK Update- 5th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Cabinet approves “Vibrant Villages Programme-II (VVP-II) for financial years 2024-25 to 2028-29: The Union Cabinet chaired by the PM Narendra Modi, approved the Vibrant Villages Programme -II (VVP-II) as a Central Sector Scheme (100% Centre funding), furthering its commitment for the vision of Viksit Bharat@2047 for ‘Safe, Secured & Vibrant land borders’.The Programme would help in the comprehensive development of the villages located in the blocks abutting international land borders (ILBs), other than the Northern border already covered under VVP-I.With a total outlay of Rs.6,839 crore, the programme shall be implemented in select strategic villages in the States/UTs of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, J&K (UT), Ladakh (UT), Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal till the FY 2028-29.

 

2. Cabinet approves four multitracking projects to enhance Indian Railways capacity: The Union Cabinet has approved four major multitracking projects for Indian Railways, aiming to significantly enhance line capacity and improve both passenger and freight transportation across key routes.With an estimated total cost of Rs. 18,658 crore, these projects will be completed by 2030-31 and are expected to streamline logistics, reduce costs, and support sustainable rail operations.Spanning 1,247 kilometers across 15 districts in Maharashtra, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh, the four approved projects are crucial for increasing the efficiency of transportation for essential commodities like coal, iron ore, and other minerals.The four projects include the third- and fourth-line expansion between Sambalpur and Jarapda, the third and fourth line between Jharsuguda and Sason, the fifth and sixth line between Kharsia, Naya Raipur, and Parmalkasa, and the doubling of the Gondia-Balharshah track.

 

3. RPF Joins CEIR Portal to Enhance Mobile Recovery for Rail Passengers”: After a successful pilot in the Northeast Frontier Railway, the Railway Protection Force (RPF) has officially integrated with the Central Equipment Identity Register (CEIR) portal, enabling recovery of lost or stolen mobile phones for passengers across India.Through CEIR, RPF can now block the IMEI number of missing phones, making them unusable and deterring resale, while also leveraging tracking tools for quick recovery.Passengers can report missing phones via Rail Madad (online or by dialing 139). RPF’s Zonal Cyber Cells will register the complaint on CEIR, block the device, and facilitate recovery and return.RPF’s ongoing Operation Amanat has already returned property worth ₹03 crores to over 1.15 lakh passengers. The CEIR portal will further boost RPF’s ability to track and restore lost mobile phones efficiently.

4. 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Parliament passes the Protection of Interest in Aircraft Objects Bill 2025: The Protection of Interest in Aircraft Objects Bill, 2025, passed by both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, marks the second major aviation reform under Civil Aviation Minister Ram Mohan Naidu.The bill aims to align India’s aircraft leasing and financing ecosystem with global standards, providing a critical boost to investor confidence in the country’s rapidly growing aviation market.It builds on the framework of the Cape Town Convention of 2001, which sought to simplify and standardize international leasing agreements. Although India formally adopted this convention in 2008, gaps in legal enforcement led to higher leasing costs—typically 8 to 10 percent higher than in other nations. This legislation aims to address those gaps, ensuring legal certainty for aircraft financiers and reducing costs for Indian carriers.

 

2. Prime Minister participates in the 6th BIMSTEC Summit, Thailand :Prime Minister Narendra Modi participated in the 6th BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) Summit hosted by Thailand, the current chair.The theme of the Summit was – “BIMSTEC: Prosperous, Resilient and Open”. It reflected the priorities of the leaders and the aspirations of the peoples of the BIMSTEC region, as well as the efforts of BIMSTEC in ensuring shared growth in times of global uncertainties.To enhance capacity building and economic integration, PM Modi introduced the BODHI programme for youth skilling, proposed a BIMSTEC Chamber of Commerce, an annual BIMSTEC Business Summit, a Digital Public Infrastructure study, and a cancer care capacity-building initiative.Strengthening cultural and people-to-people ties, India will host the BIMSTEC Athletics Meet in 2025, the first BIMSTEC Games in 2027, a Traditional Music Festival, and youth-focused events like a Young Leaders’ Summit, Hackathon, and Young Professional Visitors programme.

 

3. 4 April – International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action: International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action is observed on April 4th every year.The day aims to raise awareness about the impact of landmines and explosive remnants of war (ERW) on communities and to promote assistance in mine action.Theme 2025 – Safe Futures Start Here.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. 5 April – National Maritime Day: National Maritime Day is celebrated on April 5th every year to commemorate the contributions of the maritime industry to the Indian economy.The objective of National Maritime Day is to promote awareness about the importance of the maritime industry, recognize the achievements of Indian seafarers, and highlight the role of shipping in international trade and commerce.The day marks the anniversary of the first Indian shipping company, the Scindia Steam Navigation Company, which was established in 1919 and began its operations on April 5, 1919.

 

2. INS Sunayna: On April 5, 2025, the Indian Navy launched the Offshore Patrol Vessel INS Sunayna as part of the Indian Ocean Ship (IOS) SAGAR initiative. This event took place in Karwar, Karnataka, with Defence Minister Rajnath Singh presiding over the ceremony. The launch signifies India’s commitment to regional maritime security and international cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).The IOS SAGAR initiative aims to enhance maritime cooperation among nations in the IOR. The launch of INS Sunayna involves collaboration with naval personnel from nine friendly nations including Comoros, Kenya, and Maldives. This reflects India’s dedication to encouraging peace and collective security.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Re-Entry of POEM-4 Module: To ensure a safe re-entry, ISRO engineers performed engine restarts to de-orbit POEM-4 to a nearly circular orbit at 350 km with a 55.2° inclination. The module was passivated by venting remaining fuel, reducing the risk of accidental break-up during descent.During its operational period, POEM-4 hosted various innovative payloads. Notably, it included India’s first astrobiology experiments developed by students from RV College of Engineering and Amity University. The payloads successfully collected valuable scientific data, contributing to research in space technology and astrobiology.Throughout its mission, POEM-4 was continuously monitored by ISRO’s radar facilities and the United States Space Command (USSPACECOM). The tracking data provided critical information for precise predictions regarding the module’s re-entry trajectory.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. HPV Vaccination Initiatives in India for Cervical Cancer: HPV is a group of over 200 viruses. More than 40 types can be transmitted through sexual contact. Certain HPV types lead to genital warts, while others are linked to cancers. Specifically, HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for the majority of cervical cancer cases. The virus is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, often asymptomatic. Persistent infection can lead to cancer.The HPV vaccine is essential for preventing infections that may lead to cancer. It is most effective when administered between the ages of 9 and 26. The vaccine series protects against various HPV types known to cause cervical and other cancers. Vaccination can reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer in both men and women.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Sudarsan Pattnaik Becomes First Indian to Win Fred Darrington Sand Art Award :Renowned Indian sand artist Sudarsan Pattnaik has become the first Indian to receive the prestigious Fred Darrington Sand Master Award for his outstanding contributions to sand art.The award was presented during the Sandworld 2025 International Sand Art Festival in Dorset, England.To mark the occasion, Pattnaik created a 10-foot-high sculpture of Lord Ganesha carrying the message of “World Peace”. The award holds special significance this year as it commemorates the 100th birth anniversary of legendary British sculptor Fred Darrington.Sudarshan Pattnaik, a Padma Shri awardee from Odisha, has participated in over 65 international sand art festivals and championships. His work, often blending spiritual themes with social messages, has earned him widespread recognition – but the Weymouth award marks a new high.

 

Daily GK Update- 4th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. BHEL partners with Adani Energy Solutions for 6,000 MW HVDC Bhadla-Fatehpur transmission project: Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) has entered into a partnership with Rajasthan Part I Power Transmission Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Adani Energy Solutions Limited (AESL).The joint venture will see the development of a 6,000 MW, ±800 kV high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system that will transport renewable energy from Bhadla in Rajasthan to Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh, with completion expected by 2029.This project is a crucial step towards meeting India’s goal of achieving 500 GW of renewable energy by 2030 and demonstrates BHEL’s continued commitment to India’s energy infrastructure and the Make in India initiative.The HVDC link will play a pivotal role in facilitating bi-directional power flow, ensuring grid stability, and aiding in the smooth integration of renewable energy into the national grid.

 

2. Andhra CM Launches P4 Poverty Eradication Scheme in Bapatla District: Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N Chandrababu Naidu implemented the ‘P4 – Margadarsi Bangaru Kutumbam’ poverty eradication program at the village level in Kotha Gollapalem, Bapatla district, aiming to link affluent individuals with needy families to eliminate poverty.Under the P4 initiative, two local affluent individuals, Vikram Narayana Rao and Vasantha Srinivasa Rao, were entrusted with supporting 30 families, collaborating with the Bapatla district collector to devise an action plan for effective implementation.The launch coincided with the NTR Bharosa pension distribution program in Chinaganjam mandal, where Naidu emphasized the scheme’s role in poverty alleviation, alongside updates on rapid progress in Amaravati capital works and the Polavaram project.

 

3. Mundra becomes first Indian port to handle 200 MMT cargo in FY25: Mundra port in Gujarat has become the first Indian port to cross 200 million metric tonnes of annual cargo volumes during the financial year 2025.The port handled 200.7 MMT of cargo during FY25. During FY25, all the ports of APSEZ collectively handled 450.2 MMT cargo volume, a seven percent year-on-year growth compared to previous year.The growth was led by growth in containers which grew by 20 percent year-on-year. The volumes of liquid and gas volumes handled grew at nine percent. In the just ended fiscal, logistics rail volume stood at 0.64 million TEUs — a growth of 8 percent.

 

4. Kamal Haasan appointed as Chairman of FICCI Media and Entertainment Committee South: Actor Kamal Haasan has been appointed as the Chairperson of the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry’s Media and Entertainment Committee South.This was announced during the FICCI’s Media and Entertainment Business Conclave South Connect 2025, which was held in Chennai.

 

5. H Shankar appointed as Managing Director of CPCL: The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has approved the appointment of H Shankar as the Managing Director (MD) of Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited (CPCL), a subsidiary of Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL).Shankar, who was serving as Director (Technical) at CPCL, has assumed the role with effective from April 1. Previously, he has been holding additional charge as Managing Director of CPCL since July 16, 2024.Shankar’s tenure as MD of CPCL will continue until his superannuation on March 31, 2029, or until further orders, whichever is earlier.

 

6. Salman Khan named brand ambassador for 10X Zarda King rice: Salman Khan has been appointed brand ambassador for GRM Overseas Limited’s premium basmati rice brand, 10X Zarda King, and stars in their new “#RishtaMubarak” campaign celebrating food’s role in building relationships.The campaign emphasizes tradition and togetherness, aligning with Khan’s family-friendly image to promote the brand’s biryani-focused rice offerings.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India and China Celebrate 75 Years of Diplomatic Relations: India and China celebrated 75 years of diplomatic relations on April 1, 2025, with leaders from both nations exchanging messages, highlighting the importance of their bilateral ties.India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, advocated strong India-China relations based on non-alignment, Asian solidarity, and the Panchsheel principles of peaceful coexistence.While Nehru envisioned India-China cooperation as crucial for the Global South, the relationship has experienced ups and downs, including border conflicts and two wars.

 

2. Trump unveils ‘discounted’ reciprocal tariffs, India to be charged 26%: President Donald Trump unveiled “discounted” reciprocal tariffs on multiple countries, including a 26% tariff on imports from India, effective April 9, 2025. The move is aimed at countering what Trump called unfair trade practices.Trump highlighted that India levies a 52% tariff on US imports. The US, in turn, will impose roughly half that rate. Other affected countries include China (34%), the EU (20%), South Korea (25%), Japan (24%), and Taiwan (32%).Despite concerns, SBI Research reports the tariffs may only lead to a 3–3.5% dip in Indian exports, thanks to India’s diversified export base, growing manufacturing and services sectors, and alternate trade routes.Ahead of the announcement, Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal visited Washington to discuss a potential bilateral trade agreement (BTA). Both nations aim to finalize a deal by the end of 2025, targeting $500 billion in bilateral trade by 2030.

 

 

 

 

OTHER UPDATES:

 

SPORTS 

 

1. PCB Chairman Mohsin Naqvi appointed President of Asian Cricket Council: Pakistan Cricket Board Chairman Mohsin Naqvi was appointed as the new President of the Asian Cricket Council (ACC).Naqvi, who has served as the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) Chairman since February 2024 will assume the role immediately. He succeeds Shammi Silva, President of Sri Lanka Cricket (SLC).Under Naqvi, the PCB recently hosted the Champions Trophy – an ICC event after 29 years.

 

2. Indian equestrian Niharika Singhania clinches gold at Azelhof CSI Lier in Belgium: In a remarkable display of skill and dedication, young Indian equestrian player Niharika Singhania has clinched first position in the prestigious Azelhof CSI Lier equestrian competition held in Belgium.Competing against international participants, Niharika demonstrated exceptional talent and composure to bring home gold. Niharika participated in the Two Phases special event, riding on Hotese Charboniere. She finished the event with 40.72 and 40.34 penalty points.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Hansa Next Generation Trainer Aircraft: India’s aviation industry is experiencing rapid growth, with over 10 crore passengers annually. To sustain this growth, there is an urgent need for approximately 30,000 new pilots in the coming years. The introduction of the Hansa Next Generation (NG) trainer aircraft, developed by the National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), aims to address this demand. This indigenous aircraft is designed to enhance pilot training and reduce reliance on foreign models.The Hansa NG is a two-seater trainer aircraft designed for Commercial Pilot Licensing (CPL). It features advanced technology, including a digital glass cockpit and an efficient Rotax 912 iSc3 Sports engine. With a range of 620 nautical miles and a maximum cruise speed of 98 knots, it provides excellent performance for training purposes. The aircraft is priced competitively, costing about Rs 2 crore less than imported alternatives.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. India Post Partners with Nippon India Mutual Fund to Enhance KYC Verification Services :Department of Posts (DoP) has signed an MoU with Nippon India Mutual Fund to provide door-to-door KYC verification services for their investors.This partnership aims to streamline the KYC process, ensuring convenience, security, and compliance for investors across India.The door-to-door KYC service will offer investors the convenience of completing the process from home, a crucial benefit for the investors especially the elderly. This partnership aligns with the Government of India’s emphasis on Jan Nivesh, the initiative aimed at promoting financial inclusion for the common masses.

2. Federal Bank launches Fed StarBiz credit card for business customers: Federal Bank has launched Fed StarBiz, a credit card designed for business customers.This has been launched by Federal Bank in collaboration with NPCI, an umbrella organization for operating retail payments and settlement systems in India and Visa, a global payments technology company.Fed StarBiz is designed to cater to the unique needs of SME customers, offering a range of features and benefits that enhance financial management and convenience.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Renowned Media Strategist Nikhil Singhal Honored with Uttar Pradesh Anmol Ratan Award: Nikhil Singhal, a distinguished media strategist, Founder of Vigor Media Worldwide, and President of the Noida High Rise Federation, was honored with the prestigious Uttar Pradesh Anmol Ratan Award.The award ceremony, hosted by the Tapasya Foundation Trust, took place at the iconic Taj Lucknow.This recognition highlights his remarkable contributions to the public relations industry and his exemplary leadership in strategic communication.As President of Noida High Rise Federation, Nikhil has been instrumental in advocating for the rights and concerns of high-rise residents in Noida, ensuring effective communication between stakeholders and government authorities.Awarded as ET Global Leader title by The Economic Times in 2021, Nikhil was also recognized as the Most Followed Indian Media Strategist by Khaleej Times in 2022. He was featured in the Times 40 Under 40 list in 2022, an honor that celebrates young leaders making a significant impact in their fields.