Daily GK Update- 4th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. BHEL partners with Adani Energy Solutions for 6,000 MW HVDC Bhadla-Fatehpur transmission project: Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) has entered into a partnership with Rajasthan Part I Power Transmission Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Adani Energy Solutions Limited (AESL).The joint venture will see the development of a 6,000 MW, ±800 kV high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system that will transport renewable energy from Bhadla in Rajasthan to Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh, with completion expected by 2029.This project is a crucial step towards meeting India’s goal of achieving 500 GW of renewable energy by 2030 and demonstrates BHEL’s continued commitment to India’s energy infrastructure and the Make in India initiative.The HVDC link will play a pivotal role in facilitating bi-directional power flow, ensuring grid stability, and aiding in the smooth integration of renewable energy into the national grid.

 

2. Andhra CM Launches P4 Poverty Eradication Scheme in Bapatla District: Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N Chandrababu Naidu implemented the ‘P4 – Margadarsi Bangaru Kutumbam’ poverty eradication program at the village level in Kotha Gollapalem, Bapatla district, aiming to link affluent individuals with needy families to eliminate poverty.Under the P4 initiative, two local affluent individuals, Vikram Narayana Rao and Vasantha Srinivasa Rao, were entrusted with supporting 30 families, collaborating with the Bapatla district collector to devise an action plan for effective implementation.The launch coincided with the NTR Bharosa pension distribution program in Chinaganjam mandal, where Naidu emphasized the scheme’s role in poverty alleviation, alongside updates on rapid progress in Amaravati capital works and the Polavaram project.

 

3. Mundra becomes first Indian port to handle 200 MMT cargo in FY25: Mundra port in Gujarat has become the first Indian port to cross 200 million metric tonnes of annual cargo volumes during the financial year 2025.The port handled 200.7 MMT of cargo during FY25. During FY25, all the ports of APSEZ collectively handled 450.2 MMT cargo volume, a seven percent year-on-year growth compared to previous year.The growth was led by growth in containers which grew by 20 percent year-on-year. The volumes of liquid and gas volumes handled grew at nine percent. In the just ended fiscal, logistics rail volume stood at 0.64 million TEUs — a growth of 8 percent.

 

4. Kamal Haasan appointed as Chairman of FICCI Media and Entertainment Committee South: Actor Kamal Haasan has been appointed as the Chairperson of the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry’s Media and Entertainment Committee South.This was announced during the FICCI’s Media and Entertainment Business Conclave South Connect 2025, which was held in Chennai.

 

5. H Shankar appointed as Managing Director of CPCL: The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has approved the appointment of H Shankar as the Managing Director (MD) of Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited (CPCL), a subsidiary of Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL).Shankar, who was serving as Director (Technical) at CPCL, has assumed the role with effective from April 1. Previously, he has been holding additional charge as Managing Director of CPCL since July 16, 2024.Shankar’s tenure as MD of CPCL will continue until his superannuation on March 31, 2029, or until further orders, whichever is earlier.

 

6. Salman Khan named brand ambassador for 10X Zarda King rice: Salman Khan has been appointed brand ambassador for GRM Overseas Limited’s premium basmati rice brand, 10X Zarda King, and stars in their new “#RishtaMubarak” campaign celebrating food’s role in building relationships.The campaign emphasizes tradition and togetherness, aligning with Khan’s family-friendly image to promote the brand’s biryani-focused rice offerings.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India and China Celebrate 75 Years of Diplomatic Relations: India and China celebrated 75 years of diplomatic relations on April 1, 2025, with leaders from both nations exchanging messages, highlighting the importance of their bilateral ties.India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, advocated strong India-China relations based on non-alignment, Asian solidarity, and the Panchsheel principles of peaceful coexistence.While Nehru envisioned India-China cooperation as crucial for the Global South, the relationship has experienced ups and downs, including border conflicts and two wars.

 

2. Trump unveils ‘discounted’ reciprocal tariffs, India to be charged 26%: President Donald Trump unveiled “discounted” reciprocal tariffs on multiple countries, including a 26% tariff on imports from India, effective April 9, 2025. The move is aimed at countering what Trump called unfair trade practices.Trump highlighted that India levies a 52% tariff on US imports. The US, in turn, will impose roughly half that rate. Other affected countries include China (34%), the EU (20%), South Korea (25%), Japan (24%), and Taiwan (32%).Despite concerns, SBI Research reports the tariffs may only lead to a 3–3.5% dip in Indian exports, thanks to India’s diversified export base, growing manufacturing and services sectors, and alternate trade routes.Ahead of the announcement, Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal visited Washington to discuss a potential bilateral trade agreement (BTA). Both nations aim to finalize a deal by the end of 2025, targeting $500 billion in bilateral trade by 2030.

 

 

 

 

OTHER UPDATES:

 

SPORTS 

 

1. PCB Chairman Mohsin Naqvi appointed President of Asian Cricket Council: Pakistan Cricket Board Chairman Mohsin Naqvi was appointed as the new President of the Asian Cricket Council (ACC).Naqvi, who has served as the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) Chairman since February 2024 will assume the role immediately. He succeeds Shammi Silva, President of Sri Lanka Cricket (SLC).Under Naqvi, the PCB recently hosted the Champions Trophy – an ICC event after 29 years.

 

2. Indian equestrian Niharika Singhania clinches gold at Azelhof CSI Lier in Belgium: In a remarkable display of skill and dedication, young Indian equestrian player Niharika Singhania has clinched first position in the prestigious Azelhof CSI Lier equestrian competition held in Belgium.Competing against international participants, Niharika demonstrated exceptional talent and composure to bring home gold. Niharika participated in the Two Phases special event, riding on Hotese Charboniere. She finished the event with 40.72 and 40.34 penalty points.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Hansa Next Generation Trainer Aircraft: India’s aviation industry is experiencing rapid growth, with over 10 crore passengers annually. To sustain this growth, there is an urgent need for approximately 30,000 new pilots in the coming years. The introduction of the Hansa Next Generation (NG) trainer aircraft, developed by the National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), aims to address this demand. This indigenous aircraft is designed to enhance pilot training and reduce reliance on foreign models.The Hansa NG is a two-seater trainer aircraft designed for Commercial Pilot Licensing (CPL). It features advanced technology, including a digital glass cockpit and an efficient Rotax 912 iSc3 Sports engine. With a range of 620 nautical miles and a maximum cruise speed of 98 knots, it provides excellent performance for training purposes. The aircraft is priced competitively, costing about Rs 2 crore less than imported alternatives.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. India Post Partners with Nippon India Mutual Fund to Enhance KYC Verification Services :Department of Posts (DoP) has signed an MoU with Nippon India Mutual Fund to provide door-to-door KYC verification services for their investors.This partnership aims to streamline the KYC process, ensuring convenience, security, and compliance for investors across India.The door-to-door KYC service will offer investors the convenience of completing the process from home, a crucial benefit for the investors especially the elderly. This partnership aligns with the Government of India’s emphasis on Jan Nivesh, the initiative aimed at promoting financial inclusion for the common masses.

2. Federal Bank launches Fed StarBiz credit card for business customers: Federal Bank has launched Fed StarBiz, a credit card designed for business customers.This has been launched by Federal Bank in collaboration with NPCI, an umbrella organization for operating retail payments and settlement systems in India and Visa, a global payments technology company.Fed StarBiz is designed to cater to the unique needs of SME customers, offering a range of features and benefits that enhance financial management and convenience.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Renowned Media Strategist Nikhil Singhal Honored with Uttar Pradesh Anmol Ratan Award: Nikhil Singhal, a distinguished media strategist, Founder of Vigor Media Worldwide, and President of the Noida High Rise Federation, was honored with the prestigious Uttar Pradesh Anmol Ratan Award.The award ceremony, hosted by the Tapasya Foundation Trust, took place at the iconic Taj Lucknow.This recognition highlights his remarkable contributions to the public relations industry and his exemplary leadership in strategic communication.As President of Noida High Rise Federation, Nikhil has been instrumental in advocating for the rights and concerns of high-rise residents in Noida, ensuring effective communication between stakeholders and government authorities.Awarded as ET Global Leader title by The Economic Times in 2021, Nikhil was also recognized as the Most Followed Indian Media Strategist by Khaleej Times in 2022. He was featured in the Times 40 Under 40 list in 2022, an honor that celebrates young leaders making a significant impact in their fields.

 

Daily GK Update- 3rd Apr, 2024

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Thovalai’s traditional ‘Manikka Malai’ secures GI tag :The famous Kumbakonam vetrilai (Kumbakonam betel leaf) and Thovalai maanikka maalai have been given the Geographical Indications (GI) tag.The Kumbakonam betel leaf is found in the Cauvery Delta region specifically in regions like Thiruvaiyaru, Papanasam, Thiruvidaimarudhur, Kumbakonam, and Valaigaman blocks of Thanjavur and Tiruvarur.Almost after three years of submitting an application for the GI tag, the six-generation old craftsmanship has secured the tag accorded by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.Kumbakonam betel leaves’ history can be traced back to centuries. According to details in the GI journal, besides paddy, the crops generally grown on wetlands are sugarcane and betel vine. The Thovalai maanikka maalai is a special type of garland that is made only in Thovalai.

 

2. President Droupadi Murmu Attends RBI’s 90th Anniversary Closing Ceremony: President Droupadi Murmu attended the closing ceremony of RBI’s 90th-anniversary celebrations in Mumbai, marking the culmination of a year-long event that highlighted RBI’s crucial role in India’s economic growth.Since its establishment in 1935, RBI has been the backbone of India’s financial sector, managing monetary policy, currency issuance, and banking supervision, while also driving financial inclusion and digital transformation.The anniversary celebrations included initiatives like financial literacy programs and national competitions, reinforcing RBI’s commitment to regulatory improvements, digital adoption, and a strong, stable banking system for India’s future growth.

 

3. Poonam Gupta appointed as RBI’s deputy governor: Former World Bank economist, Poonam Gupta has been appointed as the Deputy Governor of Reserve Bank of India (RBI).She will hold the position for a period of three years. At RBI, she will be replacing Michael Patra as deputy governor.Gupta currently serves as the Director General of the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER).She is also a member of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister and acts as the Convener for the Advisory Council to the 16th Finance Commission.Gupta joined NCAER in 2021, bringing with her nearly two decades of experience in senior roles at the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank in Washington, D.C.Moreover, Gupta has held teaching positions at the Delhi School of Economics, University of Maryland (USA), and as a visiting faculty member at the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) in Delhi.

 

4. Govt appoints S Ramann as new PFRDA chairperson: The government has appointed Deputy CAG S Ramann asRamann would replace incumbent Deepak Mohanty whose term comes to an end in May 2025.The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has approved the appointment of Sivasubramanian Ramann, Deputy Comptroller & Auditor General, to the post of chairperson, Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA). The ACC has approved his appointment for a tenure of five years or till he attains age of 65 years.Ramann, presently serving as Deputy CAG, belongs to 1991 batch of Indian Audit & Accounts Service (IA&AS).

 

5. 2 April – World Autism Awareness Day: World Autism Awareness Day is observed on April 2nd every year to raise awareness about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and promote acceptance and inclusion of individuals with autism.Theme 2025 – Advancing Neurodiversity and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) created World Autism Awareness Day (WAAD) in 2007. The United Nations (UN) commemorated this important day on April 2 after it was founded.

 

6. 2 April 2025 – National Walking Day: National Walking Day is observed on the first Wednesday of April every year to encourage people to prioritize their health by incorporating walking into their daily routine. This year was observed on 2 April.Theme 2025- Save yourself from diabetes, heart diseases and cancersEstablished by the American Heart Association (AHA), the day highlights the benefits of walking for heart health, mental well-being, and overall fitness.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India produced 1,681 locomotives in FY25, surpassing U.S., Europe: India has emerged as a global leader in railway locomotive manufacturing, achieving a record production of 1,681 locomotives in the financial year 2024-25.This milestone surpasses the total locomotive production of regions such as the United States, Europe, South America, Africa, and Australia, reaffirming India’s growing dominance in the global railway sector.This marks an increase of 209 locomotives, or 19%, compared to the 1,472 locomotives produced in the previous financial year 2023-24.The continuous rise in locomotive production is a direct result of strategic decisions taken to strengthen the “Make in India” initiative. Between 2004 and 2014, India produced a total of 4,695 locomotives, with a national annual average of 470. In contrast, from 2014 to 2024, locomotive manufacturing witnessed a significant surge, with 9,168 locomotives produced, raising the annual average to approximately 917.

 

2. Shirley Botchwey becomes 1st African woman to assume office as Commonwealth Secretary-General: Shirley Botchwey has become the first African woman to assume the office of the Secretary General of the Commonwealth of Nations.She replaced Patricia Scotland of Dominica, who incidentally was the first woman to hold the post of Secretary General of the Commonwealth of Nations.She previously served as Ghana’s Minister for Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration from January 2017 to January 2024 and was also a member of Ghana’s National Security Council.The Secretary-General is nominated by Commonwealth leaders and can serve a maximum of two terms of four years each. The Commonwealth Secretary-General is responsible for promoting and protecting the Commonwealth’s values, representing the Commonwealth publicly and the management of the Commonwealth Secretariat.The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of 56 independent countries that were once the colonies of Great Britain.

 

3. N Chandrasekaran joins IMF advisory council on entrepreneurship & growth: N Chandrasekaran, the Chairman of Tata Sons, has been appointed as a member of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Managing Director’s Advisory Council on Entrepreneurship and Growth.This council aims to provide insights into macroeconomic and financial policies to support innovation, entrepreneurship, and long-term economic growth.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. 9K33 Osa-AK Missile System: The Indian Army’s Air Defence Corps showcased its operational readiness during a live missile-firing exercise at Gopalpur Seawards Firing Ranges on 30 March 2025. The exercise involved the 9K33 Osa-AK missile system, which achieved direct hits on all targets. This event brought into light the technical skills of the soldiers and the capabilities of the missile system.The Osa-AK is a Soviet-designed, low-altitude surface-to-air missile system. Developed in the 1960s, it was fielded by the Soviet Union in 1972. The system is known for its mobility and can operate in various terrains. It features an all-in-one vehicle setup that combines a transporter-erector-launcher with radar capabilities. This allows it to detect and engage aerial threats independently.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. OpenAI’s Open-Weight Language Model: The model is expected to feature reasoning capabilities. It aims to provide developers with publicly accessible trained parameters. This move comes in response to competition from other companies in the AI sector.In machine learning, weights are numbers that help a model make predictions. The model adjusts these numbers during training to improve accuracy. In Large Language Models (LLMs), weights store the knowledge the model learns from training data. Models with more weights can understand language better.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. FM Sitharaman launched NITI-NCAER portal on state finances: Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has launched the ‘NITI NCAER States Economic Forum’ portal in New Delhi.The portal has been developed by NITI Aayog in collaboration with the National Council of Applied Economic Research.The portal is a comprehensive repository of data on social, economic, and fiscal parameters, research reports, papers, and expert commentary on state finances for a period of about 30 years. It will facilitate an understanding of macro, fiscal, demographic, and socio-economic trends and will address the ongoing need for consolidated sectoral data in one place.The portal will also provide a forum for policymakers, researchers, and others in alluding to the data for informed debates and discussions.

 

2. Federal Bank in collaboration with NPCI and Visa Launches Fed StarBiz –Credit Card Linked to ODCC Accounts: Federal Bank has launched its latest credit card product, Fed StarBiz, specifically for business customers.Designed in collaboration with the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) and Visa, this new credit card is designed to meet the distinct financial requirements of India’s dynamic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).The launch is Federal Bank’s strategic entry into the business and commercial credit card space.

 

3. LIC Partners with ManipalCigna to Transform the Health Insurance Market: LIC, India’s largest insurer, is set to acquire up to a 50% stake in ManipalCigna Health Insurance for ₹3,500–4,000 crore, marking its entry into the booming health insurance market.Manipal Education (51%) and Cigna Corporation (49%) will reduce their shares in the joint venture to make room for LIC’s inclusion.With 1.4 million agents and a massive customer base, LIC could transform ManipalCigna, disrupting the ₹3 trillion general insurance sector where health coverage holds a 37% share.Managing health loss ratios poses a hurdle for LIC, while competitors like Star Health and Niva Bupa face tougher rivalry, pending composite licensing approval.

 

Daily GK Update- 2nd Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Govt to launch ‘Sahkar Taxi’ service across India to compete with Ola, Uber: The Indian government is set to launch a new cooperative-based taxi service called “Sahkar Taxi” across the country to offer an alternative to popular ride-hailing platforms like Ola and Uber in a market with huge growth projection.Union Minister Amit Shah announced the plan in Parliament stating that the new service will register two-wheeler taxis, rickshaws, and four-wheeler taxis.Moreover, unlike existing private company services, Sahkar Taxi will ensure that all profits go directly to the drivers, rather than large corporations.

 

2. Renault Group to take over Nissan Motor’s 51% stake in Chennai plant: Renault Group will acquire Nissan Motor’s 51% stake in Renault Nissan Automotive India (RNAIPL), taking full control of the Chennai-based joint venture.Nissan will continue to use RNAIPL as a key sourcing hub for its vehicles, including the Magnite, for both Indian and export markets.The transaction, subject to regulatory approvals, is expected to close by the end of the first half of 2025, with Nissan asserting it has no plans to exit the Indian market.

 

3. CBIC to launch E-processing for gems & jewellery trade next month: The Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs will introduce the electronic processing of the import and export of gems, jewellery, and machinery samples through personal carriage by air passengers.This will come into effect from the 1st of next month at specified airports. Nine airports in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Kochi, Coimbatore, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Jaipur would allow personal carriage export of gems and jewellery.Seven airports at Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Jaipur would allow personal carriage import of gems and jewellery. In the case of samples or prototypes of machinery, the facility would initially be made available at the Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi and Mumbai airportsThe Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs, Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, has introduced electronic processing of Bill of Entry/ Shipping Bill pertaining to gems and jewellery/samples/prototypes through personal carriage by air passengers from 01.05.2025 onwards at specified airports.

 

4. Nidhi Tewari appointed as private secretary to PM Modi :Indian Foreign Service (IFS) officer Nidhi Tewari has been appointed as the new Private Secretary to Prime Minister Narendra Modi.The appointment, approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet, was officially announced by the Department of Personnel & Training (DoPT).Tewari is currently serving as Deputy Secretary in the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO).The 2014-batch IFS officer is from Varanasi’s Mahmoorganj area, PM Modi’s Lok Sabha constituency since 2014. She secured the 96th rank in the Civil Services Examination in 2013 and initially served as an Assistant Commissioner in Varanasi before joining the Indian Foreign Service.She has been serving as Deputy Secretary in the PMO since January 6, 2023, after initially joining as an Under Secretary in 2022.

 

5. SBI Card names Salila Pande as MD & CEO :Salila Pande has taken charge as the Managing Director and CEO of SBI Card.Prior to this role, Pande served as Chief General Manager of SBI’s Mumbai Metro Circle, leading the retail business, and held international positions such as President and CEO of SBI California and a risk management leader in Singapore.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Indian Consulate General in Jaffna launches Hindi language course at University of Vavuniya: The Consulate General of India in Jaffna has launched a Hindi language course at the University of Vavuniya, catering to growing interest in the language.The course was inaugurated jointly by Indian Consul General Sai Murali and Vice-Chancellor Prof. Atputharajah. The initiative aims to enhance linguistic and cultural ties between India and Sri Lanka, fostering better communication and deeper cultural exchanges.The program reflects India’s commitment to strengthening educational and people-to-people connections in Sri Lanka. With Hindi gaining popularity in the region, the course is expected to provide students with new opportunities for academic and professional growth.

 

2. Geopolitical Tensions in the Arctic Region: Climate change is accelerating the melting of Arctic ice. This process exposes natural resources like fossil fuels and rare earth elements. As ice recedes, countries are eager to exploit these resources. The Arctic holds an estimated 13% of the world’s undiscovered oil reserves and 30% of its untapped natural gas reserves. These resources are crucial for energy security and economic growth.The melting ice opens new commercial trade routes. The Northeast Passage could reduce shipping distances between East Asia and Europe. This route presents economic opportunities but requires cooperation between Russia and China. However, Russia remains cautious about granting access to its Arctic ports.

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Defence exports surge to a record high of Rs 23,622 crore in Financial Year 2024-25: Defence exports have surged to a record high of Rs 23,622 crore (approx. US$ 2.76 billion) in the Financial Year (FY) 2024-25.A growth of Rs 2,539 crore or 12.04% has been registered in the just-concluded FY over the defence exports figures of FY 2023-24, which were Rs 21,083 crore.The Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) have shown a significant increase of 42.85% in their exports in the FY 2024-25, reflecting the growing acceptability of Indian products in the global market and the ability of the Indian defence industry to be a part of the global supply chain

 

2. India-US tri-service exercise ‘Tiger Triumph’ commences in Visakhapatnam :The fourth edition of “Tiger Triumph,” a bilateral tri-service Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) exercise between India and the United States, commenced in Eastern seaboard in Visakhapatnam and will continue until April 13The opening ceremony of Tiger Triumph-2025 was held onboard the Indian Navy’s INS Jalashwa.The exercise reflects the deepening convergence of US-India strategic maritime interests and the countries’ defense partnership. This edition aims to further enhance interoperability and combined joint all-domain operations during large-scale.

 

3. India’s Defence Exports 2025: In the Financial Year 2024-25, India achieved milestone in defence exports, reaching ₹23,622 crore. This represents a growth of 12.04% from the previous year. The surge is attributed to increased sales of artillery shells, guns, and small arms. The growth reflects India’s expanding role in the global defence market.India’s defence exports rose by ₹2,539 crore compared to FY 2023-24. The Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) experienced a remarkable 42.85% increase in their exports. The private sector contributed ₹15,233 crore while DPSUs contributed ₹8,389 crore to the total.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Miami Open Champion: Teenager Jakub Mensik defeats Novak Djokovic in finals: In Miami Open tennis, Jakub Mensik has crushed Novak Djokovic’s dream to win 100th tour level title. The 19-year-old Czech beat the six-time Miami open champion in the final of the Men’s Singles in Florida, 7-6, 7-6.With this win, Mensik also became the second-youngest champion of the tournament behind Carlos Alcaraz, who lifted the trophy in 2022 as an 18-year-old.Mensik also became the first Czech player to win an ATP Masters 1000 event since Tomas Berdych triumphed in Paris in 2005.Mensik was born in September 2005 when Djokovic was already in the Top 100 of the ATP Rankings. The 18-year difference between them marked the biggest age gap in an ATP Masters 1000 final.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. OpenAI’s Open-Weight Language Model: The model is expected to feature reasoning capabilities. It aims to provide developers with publicly accessible trained parameters. This move comes in response to competition from other companies in the AI sector.In machine learning, weights are numbers that help a model make predictions. The model adjusts these numbers during training to improve accuracy. In Large Language Models (LLMs), weights store the knowledge the model learns from training data. Models with more weights can understand language better.

 

2. Future Circular Collider: The FCC will consist of a 91-kilometre circular tunnel located beneath the French-Swiss border. It is designed to accelerate particles to unprecedented energy levels. The project will unfold in two phases. The first phase will feature an electron-positron collider, expected to begin operations around 2046. The second phase, starting in 2070, will involve a proton-proton collider.The FCC will leverage advanced technologies in superconducting magnets, cryogenics, and vacuum systems. These innovations could have broader applications beyond particle physics, potentially benefiting various industries and scientific research.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Government of India to Re-Issue Rs. 36,000 Crore in G-Secs: The Government of India in collaboration with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), has announced the re-issuance of two Government Securities (G-Secs) through a price-based auction scheduled for April 4, 2025.This move reflects the government’s ongoing efforts to manage public debt efficiently while promoting transparency in the financial markets.The auction will include the “6.64% Government Security 2027” for a notified amount of Rs. 6,000 crore and the “6.79% Government Security 2034” for Rs. 30,000 crore. Additionally, the government can accept up to Rs. 2,000 crore in extra subscriptions for each security, underscoring its flexibility in meeting funding requirements.The auction will be conducted electronically via RBI’s Core Banking Solution platform, E-Kuber.These securities will also be eligible for “When Issued” trading under RBI guidelines, enabling market participants to trade them before their issuance date. This mechanism enhances liquidity and provides investors with greater flexibility.

 

2. Manappuram Finance Gets Board Approval to Raise Rs. 5,500 Crore: Manappuram Finance has declared a major fundraising program. The board of the company has sanctioned a proposal to raise up to Rs. 5,500 crore by issuing redeemable non-convertible debentures (NCDs).This was decided in a board meeting conducted on March 29, 2025, which is a strategic initiative to increase its capital base and aid future growth.The approved NCD issue can be carried out through private placements or public issues in one or more tranches during the financial year 2025-26. This provides Manappuram Finance with the flexibility to tailor its fund-raising approach based on market conditions and investor interest.Established in 1949, Manappuram Finance has emerged as prominent player in the gold loan industry, providing a variety of financial products and services such as microfinance, vehicle finance, and housing finance.

 

3. India’s Axis Bank, J.P. Morgan roll out anytime dollar payments for clients: India’s Axis Bank has partnered with J.P. Morgan to offer real-time U.S. dollar payment capabilities to commercial clients in the country, facilitated by Kinexys, the U.S.-based lender’s blockchain and digital assets unit.This is the first instance where an Indian company will have the flexibility to make or receive dollar payments at any time, J.P. Morgan said.Axis Bank will deliver the 24/7 dollar clearing capability for clients out of Gujarat International Finance Tec-City, or GIFT city, an international financial services center.The collaboration with Kinexys will offer “significant value” to clients by streamlining payments, unlocking liquidity and adding further optionality on cross-border payments.Currently, companies can make cross-border payments that are settled on the same day.Naveen Mallela, global co-head at Kinexys, illustrated the anytime payment capability by saying that Indian companies can now make dollar payments to Middle Eastern clients on Sundays, which are standard working days in that region.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Historian MyNaa Swamy to receive Ugadi Award: Historian and archaeologist MyNaa Swamy will receive the prestigious Ugadi Award from the Andhra Pradesh government for his contributions to historical research and social service.The award, including the ‘Kalaratna’ title, ‘Hamsa’ medal, a certificate of appreciation, and a cash prize, will be presented by Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu in Vijayawada.MyNaa Swamy’s research on the Vijayanagara Empire and Lepakshi Veerabhadra temple complex has uncovered over 100 previously unknown inscriptions in Telugu, Kannada, and Sanskrit.

 

Daily GK Update- 1st Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. President Murmu inaugurates National Conference on Environment 2025: President Droupadi Murmu has inaugurated the National Conference on Environment held at the Vigyan Bhavan in New Delhi.The National Conference on Environment 2025 has been organised by the National Green Tribunal (NGT).The National Conference on Environment focuses on the legal aspect of Environmental laws and their proper implementation. Thus, the Conference brings together the Judges of the Supreme Court, High Court, District Court, and the policymakers- the government of India and its various ministries.

 

2. PM Modi unveils projects worth Rs 33 thousand 700 crore in Chhattisgarh: Prime Minister Narendra Modi has launched projects worth 33 thousand 700 crore rupees in Chhattisgarh.The projects are aligned with his government’s broader agenda of infrastructure expansion, housing, education, and rural empowerment.The projects unveiled by Prime Minister include three lakh new houses under the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, 130 PM-SHRI schools equipped with smart classrooms and modern laboratories, a 540-km petroleum pipeline to enhance regional energy security, and an extensive network of rural roads aimed at improving connectivity in Maoist-affected areas.

 

3. Tata Group appoints Shibashish Roy as MD & CEO of Croma: Tata Group’s electronics retail chain Croma has appointed Shibashish Roy as its chief executive officer and Managing Director.Roy, who has over 20 years of experience in Tata Group companies, was named chief executive officer in November 2024 and worked alongside outgoing managing director Avijit Mitra during a transition period that concluded in March 2025.

 

4. Startup Mahakumbh 2025: The Startup Mahakumbh 2025, scheduled for April 3-5, 2025, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, is initiative by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA). This event aims to empower Scheduled Tribe (ST) entrepreneurs by providing them with a platform to showcase their innovations and connect with industry leaders. It coincides with the Janjatiya Gaurav Varsh, celebrating the 150th birth anniversary. Dharti Aaba TribePreneurs 2025 is a flagship initiative under MoTA. It marks the importance of tribal entrepreneurship in India. The event aims to encourage inclusive economic growth and self-reliance among tribal communities. It features more than 45 startups founded by ST entrepreneurs. These startups have been incubated at prestigious institutions like IIM Calcutta and IIT Bhilai.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. GAIL to begin LNG supplies from Qatar Energy next month under five-year deal: State-owned gas utility GAIL (India) Ltd will begin receiving LNG supplies from Qatar Energy Trading next month under a five-year agreement, ensuring the delivery of 12 cargoes annually.In addition to the Qatar deal, GAIL has signed a 10-year contract with Vitol Asia for 1 MTPA of LNG from 2026 and another 10-year deal with ADNOC Gas (UAE) for 0.5 MTPA of LNG.These agreements support India’s goal of increasing the share of natural gas in the energy mix from 6-7% to 15% by 2030, aligning with national energy security and sustainability objectives.

 

2. Japan’s Megaquake Threat: The Nankai Trough is a 900-kilometre undersea fault off Japan’s Pacific coast. It stretches from Shizuoka to Kyushu. The region is tectonically active due to the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate. This geological process creates immense strain, which can lead to powerful earthquakes.The Japanese government estimates a 70-80% chance of a magnitude 8 to 9 earthquake occurring within the next 30 years. Historical data shows that quakes recur every 100 to 200 years. The last major earthquake in this region occurred in 1946. This alarming probability puts stress on the need for preparedness.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. India launches Operation Brahma to help quake hit Myanmar: The government of India has launched Operation Brahma to help the earthquake-hit victims in Myanmar. A 7.7 magnitude quake hit Myanmar on 28 March 2025, killing at least 1000 people.According to the US Geological Survey, more than 10,000 people are feared dead in Myanmar.India, under its Neighbourhood First policy and its policy of being the first responder in providing Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) has launched Operation Brahma.Two Indian Air Force C-130J aircraft carrying relief material for the quake-hit Myanmar took off from Hindon Air Force Station, Uttar Pradesh.The plane carried the first tranche of 15 tonnes of urgent humanitarian aid landed at the Yangon airport of Myanmar. A search-and-rescue team and a medical team have also been sent to Myanmar.

 

2. IAF to Participate in Multinational Air Exercise INIOCHOS-25 in Greece :The Indian Air Force (IAF) will participate in the multinational air exercise INIOCHOS-25, beginning in Greece.The 12-day exercise, hosted by Greece’s Hellenic Air Force, will take place at Andravida Air Base in a historic region of Elis. It will continue till the 11th of April.The IAF contingent will include Su-30 MKI fighters, along with combat-enabling IL-78 and C-17 aircraft.The exercise will integrate multiple air and surface assets from fifteen countries under realistic combat scenarios, designed to simulate modern-day air warfare challenges.

 

3. Recent Exercise: 14th edition of Exercise Indra between India and Russia -Chennai23rd edition of bilateral naval exercise, Varuna 2025 between India and Franc – Arabian SeaINS Ranvir participates in Exercise Bongosagar 2025 between India and Bangladesh12th edition of Exercise KHANJAR-XII between India and Kyrgyzstan – Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan7th edition of Security Belt-2025 between Russia, China and Iran – Iranian port of Chabahar near Indian Ocean

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Nihal Sarin clinches 2025 Tashkent Open Agzamov Memorial title: India’s Nihal Sarin has clinched the 2025 Tashkent Open Agzamov Memorial title in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.The 20-year-old Indian Grandmaster secured the title with an unbeaten score of 8 out of 10, outperforming a strong field that included eight players rated above 2600.With this victory, Nihal gained 7.1 Elo rating points, bringing his live rating to 2694, just a step away from the coveted 2700 mark.

 

2. Deepak Punia & Udit settle for Silver medals at Asian Wrestling Championship in Amman: In wrestling, Olympian Deepak Punia and Udit settles for silver medals at Asian Wrestling Championships in Amman, Jorda.While Deepak Punia won Silver in the Men’s freestyle 92kg weight category, Udit bagged Silver in 61kg weight division.Meanwhile, Dinesh, who went down to Mongolia’s Munkhtur Lkhagvagerel in the 125kg semis, made the most of his chance by defeating Turkmenistan’s Zyyamuhammet Saparov to bag the bronze.India have secured a total of 10 medals – one gold, three silver and six bronze at the event.

 

3. Bihar to host Men’s Hockey Hero Asia Cup 2025: Rajgir in Bihar will host the Hero Asia Cup Hockey 2025 in August of this year.Hockey India and the Bihar State Sports Authority signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in this regard at the Patliputra Sports Complex in Patna.

The tournament will take place from the 29th of August to the 7th of September at the recently developed Rajgir Hockey Stadium. This will be the second international sporting event hosted by Rajgir, after the Women’s Asian Champions Trophy in November last year, where India emerged victorious.The 12th edition of the Hero Asia Cup will witness the participation of 8 teams, including India, Pakistan, Japan, Korea, China, and Malaysia.The remaining two teams will secure their spots through the qualifying tournament, the AHF Cup. 

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. SpaceX Launches Historic “Fram2” Mission – First Human Spaceflight Over Polar Regions: SpaceX launched “Fram2,” the first human spaceflight to travel directly over Earth’s North and South Poles, on a privately funded mission.The mission includes groundbreaking experiments, such as taking the first X-ray in space and studying mushroom growth in microgravity.The crew consists of mission commander Chun Wang (China/Malta), vehicle commander Jannicke Mikkelsen (Norway), mission pilot Rabea Rogge (Germany), and mission specialist Eric Philips (Australia).Named after the 19th-century Norwegian exploration ship “Fram,” the mission aims to gather new data to advance long-term space exploration.

 

 

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. India’s economy projected to grow at 6.5% in FY26: EY report: India’s economy is expected to grow at 6.5% in the fiscal year 2025-26, according to the latest EY Economy Watch report.The report emphasizes the need for a well-calibrated fiscal strategy that supports human capital development while maintaining fiscal prudence to enhance long-term growth prospects.For FY25, real GDP growth is projected at 6.4%, aligning with the revised estimates by the National Statistical Office (NSO).The revised national accounts data indicate that India’s real GDP growth rates for FY23, FY24, and FY25 are estimated at 7.6%, 9.2%, and 6.5%, respectively.The third-quarter growth rate for FY25 is estimated at 6.2%, implying a required 7.6% growth in the fourth quarter to meet the annual projection.

 

2. Aditya Birla Finance merges with parent Aditya Birla Capital: The amalgamation of Aditya Birla Finance Ltd (ABFL) with its parent Aditya Birla Capital Ltd (ABCL) with effect from April 1, 2025, will lead to rationalisation and simplification of group structure, improved financial stability, and increased operational efficiency.ABCL will be converted from a Core Investment Company to an operating NBFC (non-banking finance company), and this will create a unified larger entity with greater financial strength and flexibility enabling direct access to capital.As of December-end 2024, ABCL’s aggregate assets under management of over ₹03 lakh crore, include a consolidated lending book of over ₹1.46 lakh crore and gross written premium of ₹16,942 crore in Life and health insurance businesses in nine months of FY25.

 

3. NPCI Brings New UPI Guidelines in Effect from April 1, 2025: The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) is set to implement new guidelines for Unified Payments Interface (UPI) transactions from April 1, 2025, to enhance security, interoperability, and overall customer experience.These are requirements for all member banks of UPI, Payment Service Providers (PSPs), and third-party app providers (TPAPs), such as leading apps like PhonePe, Google Pay, and Paytm.The new framework attempts to resolve issues related to unused or reassigned mobile numbers and improve user trust and operating efficiency.One of the most important updates is the handling of mobile numbers assigned to UPI IDs. According to the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), mobile numbers that have remained unused for 90 days can be reassigned to new customers.