Daily GK Update- 13th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. P Nadda launches the Unified Health Insurance Scheme of Odisha :The Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare, Jagat Prakash Nadda, has launched a unified health insurance scheme of the Odisha government in Cuttack, Odisha.Besides the Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana, the state government’s health scheme, Gopabandhu Jan Arogya Yojana, and the newly introduced Ayushman Vayo-Vandana Yojana, aimed at senior citizens, will also be integrated into this initiative.With this integration, around 352 lakh people from one crore eight lakh families will be covered under the scheme. Beneficiaries will gain access to free, cashless treatment in more than 29 thousand government and private hospitals across the country. The scheme will provide health coverage of 5 lakh rupees per family per annum, with an additional 5 lakh rupees for women members.Under the Ayushman Vayo-Vandana Yojana, all persons aged 70 years and above, regardless of income, will be eligible for coverage.

 

2. Supreme Court Ruling on Article 143: This ruling comes after the court’s interpretation of Article 143 of the Constitution of India, which allows the President to seek the Supreme Court’s opinion on legal questions. The court’s emphasis on justification aims to uphold the principle of limited government and ensure accountability among the three branches of government.Article 143 empowers the President to seek the Supreme Court’s opinion on important legal matters. This provision is crucial for maintaining constitutional governance. The President can reserve a bill for the court’s advice, particularly on issues of constitutionality. The court’s ruling reinforces that the President must act in accordance with this advice unless there are compelling policy reasons to do otherwise.

 

3. Integrated Power Planning Model: On April 11, 2025, India unveiled a new Integrated Generation, Transmission and Storage Expansion Planning Model. It is a collaborative effort involving the Central Electricity Authority, The Lantau Group (TLG), and the Asian Development Bank (ADB). This tool aims to enhance resource adequacy in the power sector. The model will be distributed free of charge to all states and distribution companies (Discoms).The model is designed to assist states in developing comprehensive Resource Adequacy plans. These plans align with the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Power in June 2023. The CEA has already completed Resource Adequacy plans for Discoms up to 2034-35. This new tool will facilitate dynamic updates every year.

 

4. Namami Gange Mission 2.0: NGM 2.0 focuses on several critical areas. These include sewage treatment, riverfront development, river surface cleaning, afforestation, and biodiversity conservation. The mission’s multifaceted approach seeks to restore the ecological and cultural significance of the Ganga.As of February 2024, NGM 2.0 has initiated 457 projects, with 280 already completed. The establishment of 139 District Ganga Committees has facilitated local oversight of these initiatives. This local governance ensures that projects align with community needs and environmental standards.

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Impact of Pharmaceuticals on Atlantic Salmon Behaviour: Pharmaceuticals enter rivers primarily through human waste. Traces of various medications have been detected globally. Over 900 substances, including antidepressants and painkillers, affect wildlife behaviour. The presence of these drugs in water bodies poses a growing threat to aquatic life.The study focused on juvenile salmon in River Dal. Salmon exposed to clobazam navigated hydropower dams more efficiently than unexposed fish. This indicates that while drugs may enhance navigation, the long-term effects on fish and ecosystems remain uncertain.

 

2. Sudan’s Humanitarian Crisis: Sudan is currently facing the world’s largest humanitarian crisis. The ongoing civil war, which began in April 2023, has led to extreme hunger affecting nearly half of the population. Over 25 million people are in dire need of assistance. The conflict has resulted in widespread displacement, with millions fleeing their homes. Women and girls are particularly vulnerable, facing increased risks of gender-based violence and severe food insecurity.The war erupted on April 15, 2023, due to escalating tensions between military and paramilitary forces. The violence quickly spread from Khartoum to other regions, including Darfur. Reports indicate that at least 20,000 people have died, with the actual number likely higher. The conflict has displaced over 8 million people within Sudan and forced 4 million to seek refuge in neighbouring countries.

 

3. WHO Warns of Global Health Crisis from Aid Cuts: The assessment was done in March–April 2025 across 108 WHO country offices, mainly in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Over half reported moderate to severe suspensions in health ODA. Key health system functions, including emergency preparedness and public health surveillance, are notably affected. The disruptions echo the challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Long-Range Glide Bomb ‘Gaurav’: India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) recently completed successful release trials of the Long-Range Glide Bomb (LRGB) named ‘Gaurav’. Conducted from April 8 to 10, 2025, these trials took place using the Sukhoi-30MKI fighter aircraft. This advancement marks step towards enhancing India’s aerial capabilities and its defence strategy.The Gaurav was developed by DRDO in collaboration with various partners. Key contributors include the Armament Research and Development Establishment, Research Centre Imarat, and Integrated Test Range. The development process involved multiple configurations and warhead types, ensuring versatility in operational use.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Maharashtra-ROSATOM Partnership for Thorium Reactor: This initiative is notable as it is the first time a state government has ventured into nuclear energy development, traditionally under the purview of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE). The project will proceed only after receiving approval from the central government.The primary goal of the MoU is to collaboratively develop a thorium reactor in Maharashtra. It aims to commercialise thorium reactors while adhering to the safety standards set by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB). Additionally, the initiative seeks to establish a local assembly line for thorium reactors under the ‘Make in Maharashtra’ campaign.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. NaBFID signs MoU with New Development Bank to accelerate financing infra projects: The National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development (NaBFID) has signed an MoU with the New Development Bank (NDB), creating a deep and sustainable infrastructure financing market and developing a supportive ecosystem around it.The MoU also lays the foundation for both organisations to participate in infrastructure projects through thematic-level collaborations within their respective mandates.Additionally, NaBFID and NDB will partner in research and capacity-building initiatives, including seminars and workshops, to promote knowledge sharing and enhance institutional capabilities.The New Development Bank, established by the BRICS nations — Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa — is a multilateral financial institution with a focus on mobilising resources for infrastructure and sustainable development projects in emerging markets and developing countries (EMDCs).

 

2. India Launches Global Tariff and Trade Helpdesk: The Government of India has recently launched the ‘Global Tariff and Trade Helpdesk’. This initiative aims to assist stakeholders in navigating the complexities of international trade amidst changing terif landscapes. The Ministry of Commerce and Industry announced this development in response to the evolving trade environment, which includes new tariff measures and increased import pressures.As businesses in China face higher tariffs, there may be opportunities for Indian manufacturers. Companies looking to avoid steep tariffs may consider relocating operations to countries with lower tariff regimes, such as India. This could enhance India’s position in the global market.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. James Anderson receives knighthood for his services to Cricket: Former England fast bowler James Anderson has been awarded a knighthood for his services to Cricket as part of former British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak’s resignation honours list. Anderson is the only sportsperson who has made it to the list.The 42-year-old English seamer retired from Test cricket last summer with 704 wickets, making him England’s all-time leading wicket-taker the format.Anderson is currently playing for his county Lancashire but has missed the start of the County Championship season due to a calf injury.

 

2. Recent Award: Key to the City of Lisbon – President Droupadi MurmuSri Lanka Mitra Vibhushana (nation’s highest civilian honour for a foreign head of state) – PM Narendra ModiFred Darrington Sand Master Award – Sudarsan Pattnaik (for his outstanding contributions to sand art)Uttar Pradesh Anmol Ratan Award – Nikhil SinghalUgadi Award from the Andhra Pradesh government – Historian and archaeologist MyNaa Swamy 59th Jnanpith Award – Vinod Kumar Shukla (for Deewar Mein Ek Khirki Rehti Thi)

 

Daily GK Update- 12th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. JP Nadda launches the Unified Health Insurance Scheme of Odisha: The Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare, Jagat Prakash Nadda, has launched a unified health insurance scheme of the Odisha government in Cuttack, Odisha.Besides the Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana, the state government’s health scheme, Gopabandhu Jan Arogya Yojana, and the newly introduced Ayushman Vayo-Vandana Yojana, aimed at senior citizens, will also be integrated into this initiative.With this integration, around 352 lakh people from one crore eight lakh families will be covered under the scheme. Beneficiaries will gain access to free, cashless treatment in more than 29 thousand government and private hospitals across the country. The scheme will provide health coverage of 5 lakh rupees per family per annum, with an additional 5 lakh rupees for women members.Under the Ayushman Vayo-Vandana Yojana, all persons aged 70 years and above, regardless of income, will be eligible for coverage.

 

2. TCS appoints Aarthi Subramanian as executive director-president & COO: Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), India’s largest information technology services firm, has appointed Aarthi Subramanian as executive director-president and chief operating officer of the company.The appointment is for a term of five years, commencing from May 1, 2025, to April 30, 2030.She is also a board member of the firm. The last time TCS had a chief operating officer role was before 2009, when N Chandrasekaran, chairman, Tata Sons, was appointed to that position.

 

3. Climate Change Impact on Water Cycle in India: The study forecasts a potential increase in annual rainfall by 20% for every 1°C rise in temperature. Extreme precipitation events could also rise by 16%. By the century’s end, total annual rainfall may increase by 250 to 400 mm under moderate climate scenarios and by 200 to 670 mm under high-emission scenarios.The hydrological cycle in the region is expected to intensify, particularly during the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM). Researchers used advanced climate models to simulate future climate and water patterns. They found that watershed areas would experience wetter ISM seasons and drier pre-monsoon seasons. This shift poses risks of floods, landslips, and droughts.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. NITI Aayog Releases Report on Automotive Sector’s Global Competitiveness: NITI Aayog released a comprehensive report analyzing India’s automotive sector, aiming to position India as a global player in the automotive value chain. The report was launched by Vice Chairman Suman Bery and CEO BVR Subrahmanyam.The report classifies auto components into four categories based on complexity and manufacturing maturity: Emerging & Complex, Conventional & Complex, Conventional & Simple, and Emerging & Simple, suggesting targeted fiscal and non-fiscal interventions.In 2023, global automobile production hit 94 million units, with the auto components market valued at USD 2 trillion and the export share reaching approximately USD 700 billion. India’s share stood at USD 70 billion, and it emerged as the 4th-largest vehicle producer globally after China, the USA, and Japan.The report highlights India’s strong presence in small cars and utility vehicles, driven by Make in India and a cost-competitive workforce, reinforcing its role as a manufacturing and export hub in the global automotive sector.

 

2. Singapore’s Changi reclaims world’s best airport title: Singapore Changi Airport has been named the World’s Best Airport 2025 by air transport rating organization Skytrax. This is the thirteenth time in the history of the awards that Singapore Changi Airport has received this top accolade.Changi is a destination in itself, where early check-in has been introduced to allow passengers to drop their bags off up to 48 hours before their flight so they can make their time at the airport part of the vacation.Doha’s Hamad International Airport, the former three-times winner of World’s Best Airport, was ranked No 2 this year, as well as receiving the award for the World’s Best Airport Shopping, and the Best Airport in the Middle East.Tokyo Haneda Airport was ranked No 3 in the global ranking with further outstanding results receiving the awards as the World’s Cleanest Airport (Major Airport), the World’s Best Domestic Airport and as delivering the World’s Best Airport PRM & Accessible Facilities.Although no Indian airport featured in the list of the world’s top 20, Delhi International Airport earned the title of Best Airport in India and South Asia. In addition to this, Hyderabad International Airport received the award for Best Airport Staff Service in India & South Asia.

 

3. 12 April – International Day of Human Space Flight: The International Day of Human Space Flight is observed every year on 12 April to commemorate the historic achievement of Yuri Gagarin, the first human to journey into outer space.On this day in 1961, Gagarin orbited the Earth aboard the Soviet spacecraft Vostok 1, marking the dawn of a new era in space exploration.Recognizing the importance of this milestone, the United Nations General Assembly declared 12 April as the International Day of Human Space Flight in 2011.

 

4. Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action: The intersection of gender equality and climate change is a pressing issue in India. As we mark 30 years since the Beijing Declaration, gaps remain in implementing policies that promote gender equality. Rural women face unique challenges due to climate change, which exacerbates existing inequalities. Addressing these issues is crucial for achieving sustainable development and improving women’s rights in India.Women play important role in climate adaptation and mitigation. Their knowledge of sustainable agriculture is vital for preserving ecosystems. Many women are involved in informal collectives that enhance productivity and respond to disasters. Their leadership in climate initiatives is essential for effective adaptation strategies.

 

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. DRDO conducts release trials of Long-Range Glide Bomb ‘Gaurav’ from Su-30 MKI: The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully conducted release trials of the Long-Range Glide Bomb (LRGB) ‘Gaurav’ from a Su-30 MKI fighter aircraft.During the trials, the weapon was integrated to multiple stations in different warhead configurations, with land target on Island. The trials successfully demonstrated range close to 100 kms with pin-point accuracy.The LRGB is a 1,000-kg class glide bomb, designed and developed indigenously by Research Centre Imarat, Armament Research and Development Establishment and Integrated Test Range, Chandipur.The system has been realised with the support of Development-cum-Production Partners — Adani Defence Systems & Technologies, Bharat Forge and various Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.

 

2. Mk-II(A) DEW System: The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) of India has successfully trialled the Mk-II(A) Laser-Directed Energy Weapon (DEW) system. This achievement, announced on April 13, 2025, marks India’s entry into a select group of nations with high-power laser weaponry capabilities. The Mk-II(A) DEW system is designed to disable missiles, drones, and smaller projectiles efficiently.The Mk-II(A) DEW system is an indigenously developed weapon that can engage fixed-wing drones and thwart multiple drone attacks. The system can destroy enemy surveillance sensors and antennas. Its speed and precision make it a formidable counter-drone solution.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. India finishes 2nd after China at the ISSF World Cup Buenos Aires 2025: Indian shooters finished their campaign at the ISSF World Cup Buenos Aires 2025 with 8 medals – four gold, two silver, and two bronze – to finish second behind China on the medal tally.The ISSF World Cup/Rifle/Shotgun was held at the Argentinian capital, Buenos Aires. The World Cup was organised by the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF), the world governing body of the sport.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. 9th edition of 3-day Global Technology Summit stars in New Delhi: The 9th edition of the three-day Global Technology Summit was inaugurated in New Delhi by the External Affairs Minister Dr S Jaishankar.The Global Technology Summit is co-organised by the Ministry of External Affairs with New Delhi-based think tank Carnegie India. It is an annual dialogue that was first held in December 2016.The theme of the 9th Global Technology Summit is “Sambhavna”.

 

2. Lichens Show Resilience in Mars-Like Conditions: Scientists conducted experiments simulating Martian conditions. They tested two lichen species – Diploschistes muscorum and Cetraria aculeata. These species were chosen for their contrasting traits. The lichens were exposed to a Mars simulation chamber for five hours. This chamber replicated the planet’s atmosphere, pressure, temperature variations, and radiation levels.The results indicated that the fungal component of the lichens remained metabolically active. This was true even under conditions of darkness and high levels of X-ray radiation. These findings suggest that lichens can survive on the Martian surface despite extreme radiation exposure.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. BharatPe Gets RBI Approval for Payment Aggregator Business: BharatPe, a prominent Indian fintech company, has achieved a significant milestone by receiving final approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to operate as an online payment aggregator.This authorisation, granted to its subsidiary Resilient Payments Private Limited, paves the way for BharatPe to expand its digital payment services under the brand name “BharatPe X.”The company aims to broaden its merchant base and deepen its presence in high-potential markets, particularly in tier 2 and 3 cities. BharatPe is investing in advanced technology infrastructure to ensure seamless and reliable digital payment solutions.Founded in 2018, BharatPe now operates in over 450 cities with a merchant network exceeding 1.3 crore, cementing its role as a leader in India’s fintech landscape.

 

2. Sebi sets up high-level committee to review conflict of interest provisions: Market regulator Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) has constituted a high-level committee to review rules on conflict of interest and disclosures by its board members and officials. The high-level committee (HLC) is chaired by Pratyush Sinha, a retired IAS officer and former Chief Vigilance Commissioner (CVC).The move follows its March 24 board meeting amid criticism over alleged conflict involving former Chairperson Madhabi Puri Buch in Adani Group probes.The 6-member committee comprises Pratyush Sinha, Injeti Srinivas, Uday Kotak, G Mahalingam, Sarit Jafa and Prof. R Narayanaswamy.The HLC will comprehensively review and recommend enhancements to the existing framework for managing conflicts of interest, disclosures, and related issues to uphold the highest standards of transparency, accountability, and ethical conduct among Sebi’s members and officials.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Banu Mushtaq’s ‘Heart Lamp’ becomes first Kannada book on International Booker shortlist: Banu Mushtaq’s collection of Kannada stories in translation, Heart Lamp, was shortlisted for the International Booker Prize. The book, among the six featured in this year’s shortlist, made history as the first Kannada-language book to be shortlisted.Heart Lamp, translated by Deepa Bhasthi, is a collection of 12 short stories written by Banu Mushtaq between 1990 and 2023. Earlier, an English translation of a collection of her short stories, Haseena and Other Stories, won the English PEN translation award for the year 2024. That was also translated by Deepa Bhasthi.Mushtaq, a lawyer and activist from Karnataka, began writing within the progressive protest literary circles in southwestern India.

 

Daily GK Update- 11th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Government of India Procures 100 Lakh Bales of Cotton Under MSP Operations: The government has procured 100 lakh bales of cotton under MSP operations through its nodal agency. This procurement accounts for 38 percent of the total cotton arrivals of 263 lakh bales and 34 percent of the estimated total cotton production of 294.25 lakh bales in the country.Among the states, Telangana has recorded the highest procurement at 40 lakh bales, followed by Maharashtra with 30 lakh bales and Gujarat with 14 lakh bales.Other states with significant procurement include Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Odisha. Procurement in Haryana, Rajasthan, and Punjab stands at 1.15 lakh bales.The Textiles Ministry said in a statement that in total, 37 thousand 450 crore rupees have been paid to approximately 21 lakh cotton farmers across all cotton-producing states.

 

2. Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) — completes 10 glorious Years of empowering Small and Micro Entrepreneurs: The Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY), launched on 8th April 2015 by PM Narendra Modi, celebrates 10 glorious years of empowering small and micro-entrepreneurs across India.Aimed at fostering financial inclusion, PMMY provides easy collateral-free loans up to ₹10 lakh for non-corporate and non-farm income-generating activities.To strengthen support for aspiring entrepreneurs, the finance minister announced an increase in the loan limit to ₹20 lakh during the Union Budget 2024-25 on July 23, 2024. This new limit took effect on October 24, 2024.These loans are extended through Banks, NBFCs, MFIs, and other financial institutions.The newly announced loan category, Tarun Plus, is designed specifically for those who have previously availed and successfully repaid loans under the Tarun category, allowing them to access funding between ₹10 lakh and ₹20 lakh. Additionally, the Credit Guarantee Fund for Micro Units (CGFMU) will now provide guarantee coverage for these enhanced loans, further reinforcing the government’s commitment to nurturing a robust entrepreneurial ecosystem in India.

 

3. Greening Trends in the Thar Desert: Between 2001 and 2023, the Thar Desert experienced a 64 per cent rise in annual precipitation. This increase averages 4.4 millimetres per year since 2000. The summer monsoon season has been particularly impactful, driving vegetation growth. The study brought into light that only four major deserts, including the Thar, showed notable precipitation increases during this period.The region has seen agricultural boom, with crop areas increasing by 74 per cent between 1980 and 2015. This expansion has led to a 24 per cent rise in irrigated land. The Kharif season crops heavily rely on summer monsoon rainfall, while Rabi season crops depend on irrigation. However, this agricultural growth has also resulted in groundwater depletion due to excessive extraction.

 

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. 4th Joint Working Group Meeting on Tourism Cooperation between India and Japan: The 4th Joint Working Group (JWG) Meeting on Tourism Cooperation between India and Japan was held in New Delhi.The meeting was co-chaired by Mugdha Sinha, Director General, Ministry of Tourism, Government of India and Haraikawa Naoya, Commissioner, Japan Tourism Agency (JTA).The Co- Chairs of the two countries exchanged notes on the profile of the visitors and delved into the data insights of the tourists travelling between the two countries, including to Buddhist destinations, in order to undertake suitable policy interventions to make the destinations more attractive for the millennial tourists.

 

2. 10 April – World Homoeopathy Day: World Homoeopathy Day is observed every year on April 10 to commemorate the birth anniversary of Dr. Samuel Hahnemann (Germany), the founder of homoeopathy, born in 1755, honoring his contributions to alternative medicine.Theme 2025 – Adhyayan, Adhyaapan, Anusandhaan” (Education, Practice, and Research)

 

3. 90-Day Pause on Trump’s Tariff Policy: The initial announcement prompted a sharp decline in stock and bond markets. Business leaders expressed fears that escalating tariffs could lead the US into recession. Concerns from major corporations, including JPMorgan Chase, contributed to the urgency of the pause. The administration’s framing of tariffs as a means to secure favourable trade deals faced scrutiny due to the economic fallout.Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent played important role in persuading Trump to reconsider the tariff strategy. Following a weekend of investor anxiety, Bessent met with Trump in Florida, emphasising the need for a pause to avoid economic turmoil. The announcement surprised many within the administration, indicating a lack of consensus on the tariff approach.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. INS Sunayna: On April 5, 2025, the Indian Navy launched the Offshore Patrol Vessel INS Sunayna as part of the Indian Ocean Ship (IOS) SAGAR initiative. This event took place in Karwar, Karnataka, with Defence Minister Rajnath Singh presiding over the ceremony. The launch signifies India’s commitment to regional maritime security and international cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). It coincides with the 10th anniversary of the SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) initiative. The IOS SAGAR initiative aims to enhance maritime cooperation among nations in the IOR. The launch of INS Sunayna involves collaboration with naval personnel from nine friendly nations including Comoros, Kenya, and Maldives. This reflects India’s dedication to encouraging peace and collective security.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Thalassemia in India: Managing thalassemia involves several approaches. Regular blood transfusions are essential for maintaining healthy haemoglobin levels. However, they lead to iron accumulation in the body, necessitating iron chelation therapy. Bone marrow transplantation offers a potential cure if a compatible donor is available. Gene therapy is an emerging treatment that repairs or replaces defective genes but is currently expensive and primarily available abroad.In India, beta thalassemia and sickle cell disorders represent health burden. Approximately 3-4% of the population are carriers, resulting in millions of individuals at risk. Certain ethnic groups exhibit even higher carrier rates. Carrier rates are not uniform across regions, even within the same state. Micro-mapping helps identify such variations.

 

2. Google’s Ironwood Chip: Inference computing refers to the process of using trained AI models to make predictions or generate responses. It is crucial for applications that require real-time processing, such as chatbots and virtual assistants. The Ironwood processor enhances this capability by enabling quicker responses and more efficient data processing.The Ironwood chip is designed to work in clusters of up to 9,216 units. This scalability allows for extensive data handling and improved performance. It integrates functions from previous chip designs while increasing memory capacity, making it more effective for AI tasks. The chip is reported to deliver double the performance per energy unit compared to Google’s previous Trillium chip.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Govt Merges 26 RRBs Under ‘One State, One RRB’ Plan to Boost Efficiency: The Department of Financial Services (DFS) has notified the amalgamation of 26 Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) under the “One State, One RRB” principle.This is the fourth phase of the RRB consolidation process. The Ministry of Finance rolled out the amalgamation plan in November last year, building on improvements in efficiency from previous phases.Following consultations with stakeholders, 26 RRBs across 10 states and one Union Territory have been merged, focusing on enhancing scale, efficiency, and cost rationalisation.Currently, 43 RRBs operate across 26 states and two Union Territories. Post-amalgamation, there will be 28 RRBs covering 700 districts with more than 22,000 branches. Around 92 percent of these branches are located in rural and semi-urban areas.

 

2. PNB MetLife and Policybazaar Collaborate to Launch Pension Premier Multicap Fund: PNB MetLife India Insurance Company Limited has partnered with Policybazaar to launch the PNB MetLife Pension Premier Multicap Fund under its Unit-Linked Insurance Plans (ULIPs).This new fund is designed to help customers build a robust retirement corpus while providing life insurance coverage, ensuring financial protection for families in unforeseen circumstances.The Pension Premier Multicap Fund is available with the PNB MetLife Smart Invest Pension Plan (UIN – 117L137V02), which combines wealth creation with life insurance. The fund is open for subscription from April 1 to April 15, 2025, at an initial Net Asset Value (NAV) of Rs. 10. After this period, it will be available at market value.

 

3. RBI launches verified WhatsApp channel to spread financial awareness: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has launched a WhatsApp channel that will provide financial information and updates to people, especially those in remote and underserved regions of the country.The channel marks an expansion of the regulator’s public awareness campaign titled ‘RBI Kehta Hai’ (RBI Says), which has been actively disseminating key messages about safe banking practices, consumer rights, and responsible financial behavior through multiple channels, including SMS, TV ads, digital media, and print.The verified WhatsApp account will serve as an additional channel through which the RBI can share timely and relevant information directly with users in a simple, secure, and convenient manner.The WhatsApp channel will deliver messages related to safe digital transactions, fraud prevention, banking rights, and policy updates. It is also expected to be a useful tool in debunking financial myths and misinformation that often circulate on social media, helping consumers make informed decision.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Achievements under Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) as on 21.03.2025: Women Borrowers: A total of ₹49 lakh crore was disbursed under the Shishu category, ₹ 4.90 lakh crore under Kishor, and ₹ 0.85 lakh crore under the Tarun category.Minority Borrowers: The disbursements amounted to ₹25 lakh crore under Shishu, ₹ 1.32 lakh crore under Kishor, and ₹ 0.50 lakh crore under Tarun.New Entrepreneurs / Accounts:Shishu category: 8.21 crore accounts with a sanctioned amount of ₹24 lakh crore and disbursed amount of ₹ 2.20 lakh crore.

Kishor category: 2.05 crore accounts with ₹09 lakh crore sanctioned and ₹ 3.89 lakh crore disbursed.Tarun category: 45 lakh accounts with a sanctioned amount of ₹96 lakh crore and ₹ 3.83 lakh crore disbursed.

 

Daily GK Update- 10th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Government of India Procures 100 Lakh Bales of Cotton Under MSP Operations: The government has procured 100 lakh bales of cotton under MSP operations through its nodal agency. This procurement accounts for 38 percent of the total cotton arrivals of 263 lakh bales and 34 percent of the estimated total cotton production of 294.25 lakh bales in the country.Among the states, Telangana has recorded the highest procurement at 40 lakh bales, followed by Maharashtra with 30 lakh bales and Gujarat with 14 lakh bales.Other states with significant procurement include Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Odisha. Procurement in Haryana, Rajasthan, and Punjab stands at 1.15 lakh bales.The Textiles Ministry said in a statement that in total, 37 thousand 450 crore rupees have been paid to approximately 21 lakh cotton farmers across all cotton-producing states.

 

2. Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) — completes 10 glorious Years of empowering Small and Micro Entrepreneurs: The Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY), launched on 8th April 2015 by PM Narendra Modi, celebrates 10 glorious years of empowering small and micro-entrepreneurs across India.Aimed at fostering financial inclusion, PMMY provides easy collateral-free loans up to ₹10 lakh for non-corporate and non-farm income-generating activities.To strengthen support for aspiring entrepreneurs, the finance minister announced an increase in the loan limit to ₹20 lakh during the Union Budget 2024-25 on July 23, 2024. This new limit took effect on October 24, 2024.These loans are extended through Banks, NBFCs, MFIs, and other financial institutions.The newly announced loan category, Tarun Plus, is designed specifically for those who have previously availed and successfully repaid loans under the Tarun category, allowing them to access funding between ₹10 lakh and ₹20 lakh. Additionally, the Credit Guarantee Fund for Micro Units (CGFMU) will now provide guarantee coverage for these enhanced loans, further reinforcing the government’s commitment to nurturing a robust entrepreneurial ecosystem in India.

 

3. Greening Trends in the Thar Desert: Between 2001 and 2023, the Thar Desert experienced a 64 per cent rise in annual precipitation. This increase averages 4.4 millimetres per year since 2000. The summer monsoon season has been particularly impactful, driving vegetation growth. The study brought into light that only four major deserts, including the Thar, showed notable precipitation increases during this period.The region has seen agricultural boom, with crop areas increasing by 74 per cent between 1980 and 2015. This expansion has led to a 24 per cent rise in irrigated land. The Kharif season crops heavily rely on summer monsoon rainfall, while Rabi season crops depend on irrigation. However, this agricultural growth has also resulted in groundwater depletion due to excessive extraction.

 

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. 4th Joint Working Group Meeting on Tourism Cooperation between India and Japan: The 4th Joint Working Group (JWG) Meeting on Tourism Cooperation between India and Japan was held in New Delhi.The meeting was co-chaired by Mugdha Sinha, Director General, Ministry of Tourism, Government of India and Haraikawa Naoya, Commissioner, Japan Tourism Agency (JTA).The Co- Chairs of the two countries exchanged notes on the profile of the visitors and delved into the data insights of the tourists travelling between the two countries, including to Buddhist destinations, in order to undertake suitable policy interventions to make the destinations more attractive for the millennial tourists.

 

2. 10 April – World Homoeopathy Day: World Homoeopathy Day is observed every year on April 10 to commemorate the birth anniversary of Dr. Samuel Hahnemann (Germany), the founder of homoeopathy, born in 1755, honoring his contributions to alternative medicine.Theme 2025 – Adhyayan, Adhyaapan, Anusandhaan” (Education, Practice, and Research)

 

3. 90-Day Pause on Trump’s Tariff Policy: The initial announcement prompted a sharp decline in stock and bond markets. Business leaders expressed fears that escalating tariffs could lead the US into recession. Concerns from major corporations, including JPMorgan Chase, contributed to the urgency of the pause. The administration’s framing of tariffs as a means to secure favourable trade deals faced scrutiny due to the economic fallout.Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent played important role in persuading Trump to reconsider the tariff strategy. Following a weekend of investor anxiety, Bessent met with Trump in Florida, emphasising the need for a pause to avoid economic turmoil. The announcement surprised many within the administration, indicating a lack of consensus on the tariff approach.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. INS Sunayna: On April 5, 2025, the Indian Navy launched the Offshore Patrol Vessel INS Sunayna as part of the Indian Ocean Ship (IOS) SAGAR initiative. This event took place in Karwar, Karnataka, with Defence Minister Rajnath Singh presiding over the ceremony. The launch signifies India’s commitment to regional maritime security and international cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). It coincides with the 10th anniversary of the SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) initiative. The IOS SAGAR initiative aims to enhance maritime cooperation among nations in the IOR. The launch of INS Sunayna involves collaboration with naval personnel from nine friendly nations including Comoros, Kenya, and Maldives. This reflects India’s dedication to encouraging peace and collective security.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Thalassemia in India: Managing thalassemia involves several approaches. Regular blood transfusions are essential for maintaining healthy haemoglobin levels. However, they lead to iron accumulation in the body, necessitating iron chelation therapy. Bone marrow transplantation offers a potential cure if a compatible donor is available. Gene therapy is an emerging treatment that repairs or replaces defective genes but is currently expensive and primarily available abroad.In India, beta thalassemia and sickle cell disorders represent health burden. Approximately 3-4% of the population are carriers, resulting in millions of individuals at risk. Certain ethnic groups exhibit even higher carrier rates. Carrier rates are not uniform across regions, even within the same state. Micro-mapping helps identify such variations.

 

2. Google’s Ironwood Chip: Inference computing refers to the process of using trained AI models to make predictions or generate responses. It is crucial for applications that require real-time processing, such as chatbots and virtual assistants. The Ironwood processor enhances this capability by enabling quicker responses and more efficient data processing.The Ironwood chip is designed to work in clusters of up to 9,216 units. This scalability allows for extensive data handling and improved performance. It integrates functions from previous chip designs while increasing memory capacity, making it more effective for AI tasks. The chip is reported to deliver double the performance per energy unit compared to Google’s previous Trillium chip.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Govt Merges 26 RRBs Under ‘One State, One RRB’ Plan to Boost Efficiency: The Department of Financial Services (DFS) has notified the amalgamation of 26 Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) under the “One State, One RRB” principle.This is the fourth phase of the RRB consolidation process. The Ministry of Finance rolled out the amalgamation plan in November last year, building on improvements in efficiency from previous phases.Following consultations with stakeholders, 26 RRBs across 10 states and one Union Territory have been merged, focusing on enhancing scale, efficiency, and cost rationalisation.Currently, 43 RRBs operate across 26 states and two Union Territories. Post-amalgamation, there will be 28 RRBs covering 700 districts with more than 22,000 branches. Around 92 percent of these branches are located in rural and semi-urban areas.

 

2. PNB MetLife and Policybazaar Collaborate to Launch Pension Premier Multicap Fund: PNB MetLife India Insurance Company Limited has partnered with Policybazaar to launch the PNB MetLife Pension Premier Multicap Fund under its Unit-Linked Insurance Plans (ULIPs).This new fund is designed to help customers build a robust retirement corpus while providing life insurance coverage, ensuring financial protection for families in unforeseen circumstances.The Pension Premier Multicap Fund is available with the PNB MetLife Smart Invest Pension Plan (UIN – 117L137V02), which combines wealth creation with life insurance. The fund is open for subscription from April 1 to April 15, 2025, at an initial Net Asset Value (NAV) of Rs. 10. After this period, it will be available at market value.

 

3. RBI launches verified WhatsApp channel to spread financial awareness: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has launched a WhatsApp channel that will provide financial information and updates to people, especially those in remote and underserved regions of the country.The channel marks an expansion of the regulator’s public awareness campaign titled ‘RBI Kehta Hai’ (RBI Says), which has been actively disseminating key messages about safe banking practices, consumer rights, and responsible financial behavior through multiple channels, including SMS, TV ads, digital media, and print.The verified WhatsApp account will serve as an additional channel through which the RBI can share timely and relevant information directly with users in a simple, secure, and convenient manner.The WhatsApp channel will deliver messages related to safe digital transactions, fraud prevention, banking rights, and policy updates. It is also expected to be a useful tool in debunking financial myths and misinformation that often circulate on social media, helping consumers make informed decision.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Achievements under Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) as on 21.03.2025: Women Borrowers: A total of ₹49 lakh crore was disbursed under the Shishu category, ₹ 4.90 lakh crore under Kishor, and ₹ 0.85 lakh crore under the Tarun category.Minority Borrowers: The disbursements amounted to ₹25 lakh crore under Shishu, ₹ 1.32 lakh crore under Kishor, and ₹ 0.50 lakh crore under Tarun.New Entrepreneurs / Accounts:Shishu category: 8.21 crore accounts with a sanctioned amount of ₹24 lakh crore and disbursed amount of ₹ 2.20 lakh crore.

Kishor category: 2.05 crore accounts with ₹09 lakh crore sanctioned and ₹ 3.89 lakh crore disbursed.Tarun category: 45 lakh accounts with a sanctioned amount of ₹96 lakh crore and ₹ 3.83 lakh crore disbursed.

 

Daily GK Update- 9th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal Launches Digital Portal for National Waterways: Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal has launched a dedicated digital portal developed by Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) to streamline private investment in infrastructure development on National Waterways, promoting Ease of Doing Business (EODB).The National Waterways (Construction of Jetties/Terminals) Regulations, 2025 allows private entities to develop or operate terminals with a No Objection Certificate (NoC) from IWAI, covering both new and existing, permanent and temporary terminals.The first digital NoC was issued to Marina India Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. for a jetty at Malim, Goa (National Waterway-68), marking a milestone in digital governance and private sector engagement.The initiative aims to unlock sustainable infrastructure growth, with cargo movement rising from 18 to 133 million tonnes in FY 2023–24, reinforcing the sector as a key driver of economic growth under the “Viksit Bharat” vision.

 

2. Government of India Procures 100 Lakh Bales of Cotton Under MSP Operations: The government has procured 100 lakh bales of cotton under MSP operations through its nodal agency. This procurement accounts for 38 percent of the total cotton arrivals of 263 lakh bales and 34 percent of the estimated total cotton production of 294.25 lakh bales in the country.Among the states, Telangana has recorded the highest procurement at 40 lakh bales, followed by Maharashtra with 30 lakh bales and Gujarat with 14 lakh bales.Other states with significant procurement include Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Odisha. Procurement in Haryana, Rajasthan, and Punjab stands at 1.15 lakh bales.The Textiles Ministry said in a statement that in total, 37 thousand 450 crore rupees have been paid to approximately 21 lakh cotton farmers across all cotton-producing states.

 

3. What Is Homeopathy?: Homeopathy is an alternative medical practice based on the principle of “like cures like.” It suggests that substances causing symptoms in healthy individuals can, in minute doses, treat similar symptoms in those who are unwell.Though its roots trace back to ancient Greek medicine, it was in the 19th century that homoeopathy gained widespread recognition across Europe and North America.In India, World Homeopathy Day is observed under the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, to promote awareness and research in the field.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Shortlist Announced for ‘Make the World Wear Khadi’ Challenge Ahead of WAVES Summit 2025: The first World Audio Visual & Entertainment Summit (WAVES) will be hosted by the Government of India in Mumbai, Maharashtra, from May 1 to 4, 2025.WAVES is set to magnify India’s creative strength, amplifying its position as a hub for content creation, intellectual property, and technological innovation.Industries and sectors in focus include Broadcasting, Print Media, Television, Radio, Films, Animation, Visual Effects, Gaming, Comics, Sound and Music, Advertising, Digital Media, Social Media Platforms, Generative AI, Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Extended Reality (XR).

 

2. Indian Institute of Management-Ahmedabad to open campus in Dubai: The Indian Institute of Management (IIM)-Ahmedabad and the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT) will open their overseas campus in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates (UAE).The prestigious Indian Institute of Technology -Delhi already has a campus in Abu Dhabi, UAE.This was announced during the visit of Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Crown Prince of Dubai and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence of the UAE, to India.The IIMA Dubai Campus will be developed in two phases. Initially, the institute will operate out of the Dubai International Academic City (DIAC), a leading education hub in the region. The second phase will see the construction of a permanent campus, scheduled to be fully operational by 2029.

 

3. Satish Chavva appointed CEO of Oman India Joint Investment Fund: The Board of Oman India Joint Investment Fund—Management Company, a private equity fund manager promoted by the Oman Investment Authority and the State Bank of India, has appointed Satish Chavva as its Chief Executive Officer.Chavva joins from British International Investment, the UK’s development finance institution, where he held various roles, including heading Direct Private Equity for South Asia.Chavva has a deep association with OIJIF, having previously served as Director of Investments at OIJIF between 2016 and 2022. Prior to that, he was with Citi Group in India and the UK, including in its private equity arm, Citi Venture Capital International for over 9 years.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Naval Base INS Varsha: India is set to enhance its naval capabilities with the commissioning of INS Varsha, a strategic naval base for nuclear submarines in coastal Andhra Pradesh. This initiative aims to counter China’s expanding naval presence in the Indian Ocean Region. The base, located near Rambilli, is designed to provide a secure and advanced facility for India’s nuclear submarines, ensuring operational readiness and stealth.INS Varsha will be operational by 2026. It will feature advanced underground facilities, allowing submarines to enter and exit without detection. This base will accommodate at least ten nuclear submarines, enhancing India’s nuclear deterrence capabilities. The project has faced numerous challenges but is nearing completion after over a decade of construction.

 

 

 

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Virat Kohli Becomes First Indian To Score 13,000 Runs In T20 Cricket: Virat Kohli became the first Indian to complete 13,000 runs in T20 cricket history. He achieved the historic milestone during the clash between Royal Challengers Bengaluru (RCB) and Mumbai Indians (MI) at the iconic Wankhede Stadium.Virat Kohli became the first Indian and only fifth overall cricketer to score 13,000 runs in T20 cricket.Virat Kohli became the first Indian and only fifth overall cricketer to score 13,000 runs in T20 cricket. He achieved it with the 17th run he scored during his innings against MI.The list is led by West Indies legend Chris Gayle with 14562 runs, followed by England batter Alex Hales (13,610), former Pakistan skipper Shoaib Malik (13557) and Keiron Pollard (13537).

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. World’s First 3D-Printed Train Station in Japan: Recently, Japan’s West Japan Railway Company revealed the world’s first 3D-printed train station in Arida town. This innovative project replaced a weathered wooden complex that had been in operation since 1948. The new station, Hatsushima, was constructed swiftly in under six hours, showcasing the potential of 3D printing technology in addressing the challenges faced by Japan’s ageing infrastructure and workforce.The construction of Hatsushima station involved a unique process. A construction firm named Serendix was hired to create the station’s components. The printing of parts took only seven days at a factory in Kumamoto Prefecture. These parts were made from a special mortar designed for durability. Once printed, the components were transported 500 miles to the station site.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. RBI cut repo rate for the second time by 0.25% bps to 6%: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has cut its policy repo rate by 25 basis points (0.25%) to 6%. The RBI MPC reduces the SDF rate to 5.75% and the MSF rate to 6.25%.The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) held its 54th meeting from April 7 to 9, 2025, under the chairmanship of Shri Sanjay Malhotra, Governor, Reserve Bank of India.The MPC members Dr. Nagesh Kumar, Shri Saugata Bhattacharya, Prof. Ram Singh, Dr. Rajiv Ranjan, and Shri M. Rajeshwar Rao attended the meeting.RBI also reduced the growth rate forecast for India’s real gross domestic product (GDP) for the 2025-26 financial year to 6.5 percent from the earlier forecast of 6.7 %.

 

2. BOB launches Square Drive FD with 7.75% interest: Bank of Baroda has introduced a new fixed deposit option called the ‘bob Square Drive Deposit Scheme’.The updated FD interest rates, including the new scheme, came into effect on April 7 and apply to deposits of less than Rs 3 crore. Meanwhile, the bank has also withdrawn its special Utsav Deposit Scheme.The ‘bob Square Drive Deposit Scheme’ offers a tenure of 444 days with an interest rate of 7.15 per cent per annum for the general public. Senior citizens will receive a higher interest rate of 7.65 per cent per annum, while super senior citizens (aged 80 years and above) will earn an even higher rate of 7.75 per cent per annum.