Daily GK Update- 29th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Govt sets up panel to draft plan for new National Manufacturing Mission: The government has formed an inter-ministerial committee to design the main plan for new national manufacturing mission, an official said. The mission was first announced in the Budget on February 1 to boost the Make in India initiative.The committee is led by Niti Aayog CEO B V R Subrahmanyam and is holding several meetings with important stakeholders.The mission will focus on five key areas: making it easier and cheaper to do business, preparing a future-ready workforce, strengthening the MSME sector, providing better technology, and ensuring high-quality products. It will cover small, medium, and large industries.Currently, manufacturing makes up about 16-17 per cent of India’s GDP. The government wants to raise this share through the new mission. The mission will also offer policy support and create a governance and monitoring system for both central ministries and state governments.

 

2. NMCG Approves Annual Master Plan to Promote River-Sensitive Urban Planning Under RCA: The National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) has approved the annual master plan under the River Cities Alliance (RCA) to chart a roadmap of initiatives to be undertaken across the year.As per the Jal Shakti Ministry, the plan focuses on integrating river-sensitive urban planning within India’s growing cities. It encompasses a series of capacity-building programs, knowledge exchange platforms, development of technical tools, expert guidance, and thematic case studies.

The promotion of river considerations within city master plans through the organisation of River-Sensitive Master Planning training programs across states will also be in focus this year. To support the formulation of Urban River Management Plans, the NMCG will conduct training sessions, including onboarding programs specifically for RCA cities in Tamil Nadu, with further sessions planned for additional states.

 

3. BEML Hands Over India’s Largest Indigenous Electric Rope Shovel to Coal India: State-owned BEML has officially handed over India’s largest indigenously developed electric rope shovel, BRS21, to Northern Coalfields Ltd, a subsidiary of Coal India.The BRS21 shovel weighs 720 tonnes and features a 21 cubic metre bottom dump bucket, making it one of the most capable shovels globally for large-scale open cast mining.Developed in just 24 months, the BRS21 marks a significant achievement in India’s push for self-reliant industrial manufacturing under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat mission.This milestone showcases BEML’s engineering strength and reinforces sustainable, high-capacity mining solutions for India’s growing energy needs.

 

4. India Post Unveils ‘Gyan Post’ To Boost Education Access Across Country: The government has announced ‘Gyan Post‘, a new service to make the delivery of educational, social, cultural and religious books more affordable through post offices across the country. The ‘Gyan Post’ service will be operational at all departmental post offices across India from May 1.The service reflects India Post’s continued commitment to supporting education and reaching learners in every part of the country, according to the Ministry of Communications.About ‘Gyan Post’Designed to support learning and knowledge-sharing, ‘Gyan Post’ offers affordable options for sending books and printed educational materials through India’s vast postal network.Books and printed educational materials sent under ‘Gyan Post’ will be trackable and transported through surface mode to ensure cost-effective delivery.

 

5. Ruchir Dixit Appointed Chairperson of IESA for FY2025-26: Ruchir Dixit has been appointed as the Chairperson of the India Electronics and Semiconductor Association (IESA) for the financial year 2025-26, leading the industry’s efforts in electronics system design and manufacturing.Six new members have been elected to IESA’s Executive Council, including leaders from MediaTech, Applied Materials, 7Rays, Kaynes SemiCon, Alphawave Semi, and Analog Devices.Continuing members from the previous year include Navin Bishnoi (Vice Chairperson), Rajeev Khushu, Sanjeev Keskar (Treasurer), Veerappan VV (Advisor), and Ashok Chandak (President).

 

6. 30 April – Ayushman Bharat Diwas: Ayushman Bharat Diwas is observed every year on April 30 in India. The day is observed to spread awareness about the Ayushman Bharat Yojana, which is one of the world’s largest healthcare schemes.The aim of this special day is to remind people about the importance of good health and to make them aware of the benefits they can get through the government’s free healthcare services.The Ayushman Bharat Yojana was launched by the Government of India in 2018 under the National Health Policy. It is also known as the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY).The main goal of this scheme is to provide free health insurance to poor and low-income families. It helps them get treatment in hospitals without having to pay from their pockets. Each eligible family can receive up to Rs 5 lakh per year for hospital care.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India & Nepal Sign MoU on cross-border transmission infrastructure: India and Nepal have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to develop cross-border power transmission infrastructure, which will facilitate the evacuation of power from Nepal and its supply to India.The MoU was signed during the visit of the Union Minister of Power and Housing & Urban Affairs, Manohar Lal Khattar, to Nepal recently.He also visited the Arun 3 hydropower project, which is financed by India, and inaugurated the commencement of electromechanical works at the project site.The MoU was signed between the Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (Power Grid) and the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA).

 

2. Kamla Persad-Bissessar’s UNC secures victory in Trinidad and Tobago elections: In a major political shift, the United National Congress (UNC), under the leadership of Kamla Persad-Bissessar, has won the general elections in Trinidad and Tobago, unseating the People’s National Movement (PNM) from governance.Kamla Persad-Bissessar, who served as the nation’s first female Prime Minister between 2010 and 2015, is now set for a prominent return to national politics.An election was held in Trinidad and Tobago on April 28, 2025, to elect the 41 members of the House of Representatives for a new five-year term.

 

3. Khunying Patama Leeswadtrakul Elected BWF President: Khunying Patama Leeswadtrakul of Thailand has been elected as the 20th president of the Badminton World Federation (BWF), succeeding Poul-Erik Høyer of Denmark, who held the position for 12 years.She is only the second woman to lead the BWF, after Lu Shengrong of China (1993–2001), and brings a strong leadership track record as the president of the Badminton Association of Thailand.

 

4. 28 April – World Day for Safety and Health at Work: World Day for Safety and Health at Work is celebrated on April 28 to promote safe and healthy working conditions worldwide.The day aims to raise awareness about occupational safety and health, highlighting the importance of preventing work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths.Theme 2025 – Revolutionising health and safety: The role of AI and digitalisation at work.

 

5. 30 April – International Jazz Day: International Jazz Day is celebrated on April 30 every year to promote peace, cultural dialogue, diversity, and respect for human rights through the universal language of jazz.International Jazz Day aims to unite people worldwide, fostering intercultural dialogue, mutual understanding, and international cooperation through jazz music.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 2011.

Theme 2025 – Learning for Lasting Peace – SDG Goal 4: Quality Education

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. 5th Marine Census launched at the 2025 Coastal States Fisheries Meet: The government of India has launched the 5th Marine Census, accompanied by the introduction of a mobile application, Vyas-NAV, for digital-based data collection. The last Marine census was conducted in 2016 in the country.The mobile application was launched during the Coastal States Fisheries Meet 2025 in Mumbai, which was chaired by the Union Minister of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, and Dairying, Rajiv Ranjan Singh alias Lalan Singh.The Kochi-based Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) has developed the Vyas-NAV (Village Jetty Appraisal NAVigator) app. Census supervisors will use the Vyas-NAV app for field verification of fishing villages, fish landing centres and fishing harbours.The 5th Marine census is being coordinated by the Department of Fisheries of the Union Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying. The Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) is the nodal agency for implementing the marine fisheries census in nine coastal states: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and West Bengal.

 

 

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Barcelona Beats Real Madrid 3-2 to Win Record 32nd Copa del Rey Title: Barcelona defeated Real Madrid 3-2 in a thrilling Copa del Rey final at Estadio de La Cartuja, winning a record-extending 32nd Spanish Cup title.Jules Kounde’s late extra-time strike secured Barcelona’s second trophy of the season, after their Spanish Super Cup victory over Real Madrid.In a dramatic match, Pedri’s first-half goal and Ferran Torres’ equalizer forced extra time, where Barcelona clinched the win after a tense 3-2 scoreline.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Sarvam AI Selected to Build India’s First Sovereign Large Language Model under IndiaAI Mission: Bengaluru-based AI startup Sarvam has been selected by the Government of India under the IndiaAI Mission to build India’s first sovereign large language model (LLM).The model, which will be developed from scratch, will feature reasoning capabilities and be designed for voice fluency in multiple Indian languages.Sarvam aims to create multi-modal, multi-scale foundational models, with a goal of achieving secure, large-scale deployment for national AI infrastructure.The company has already proven its ability to create cost-effective and scalable models, focusing on Indian language proficiency and supporting governments, nonprofits, and enterprises.

 

2. MP first state to launch AI-based real-time forest alert system: Madhya Pradesh has become the first state to implement an AI-based real-time alert system on a pilot basis for active forest management using satellite images, mobile feedback, and machine learning.The Artificial Intelligence system will enable the forest department to detect land encroachment, land use change, and forest degradation.This system is being implemented as a pilot project in five sensitive forest divisions including Shivpuri, Guna, Vidisha, Burhanpur and Khandwa, which have reported several encroachment and tree felling incidents.

 

Daily GK Update- 28th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

Ashwini Vaishnaw launches Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme Guidelines & Online Portal: Electronics and IT Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw has launched the Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme Guidelines and the Online portal in New Delhi.This scheme, with a funding of 22 thousand 919 crore rupees to make India Atmanirbhar in the electronics supply chain. The guidelines have been formulated with intense industry consultation.The scheme will be open to receive applications from 1st May through the online portal.The Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme aims to develop a robust component ecosystem by attracting large investments in the electronics component manufacturing ecosystem, increasing Domestic Value addition by integrating Indian companies with Global Value Chains.

 

“A Doll Made Up of Clay” from SRFTI Selected for La Cinef at 78th Cannes Film Festival 2025: “A Doll Made Up of Clay,” a student film from Satyajit Ray Film & Television Institute (SRFTI), has been officially selected for the prestigious La Cinef section at the 78th Festival de Cannes 2025, marking a major milestone for Indian cinema education.The 23-minute experimental film narrates the emotional journey of a young Nigerian athlete facing displacement, injury, and cultural reconnection while stranded in India.Produced by Sahil Manoj Ingle (India) and directed by Kokob Gebrehaweria Tesfay (Ethiopia), the film exemplifies SRFTI’s commitment to global cinematic storytelling and innovation.Faculty and creators celebrate the Cannes selection as a testament to resilience, cross-cultural vision, and the global spirit thriving within SRFTI’s educational environment.

 

Hardeep Singh Puri & Delhi CM to launch Ayushman Vay Vandana Cards Delhiites: Union Minister for Petroleum and Natural Gas, Hardeep Singh Puri, along with Delhi Chief Minister Rekha Gupta has launched the Ayushman Vay Vandana Cards for Delhiites in New Delhi.

The scheme provides 5 lakh rupees free health cover to all senior citizens aged 70 years and above, irrespective of their socio-economic status.The senior citizens aged 70 years and above belonging to families already covered under AB PM-JAY get an additional top-up cover of up to 5 lakh rupees per year for themselves.

 

Home Credit India Appoints Vivek Singh as New Chief Executive Officer to Drive Growth: Home Credit India has appointed Vivek Singh as its new Chief Executive Officer (CEO), strengthening its leadership team to drive the next phase of growth.Vivek Singh brings extensive experience in consumer finance, banking, and financial services, having worked with leading organisations before joining Home Credit India.As CEO, Singh is expected to focus on expanding Home Credit’s digital capabilities, customer-centric offerings, and sustainable business growth in the Indian market.

 

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Sayani Das Becomes First Indian Woman to Cross the North Channel: Sayani Das became the first Indian woman to cross the North Channel, completing the 38 km swim in 13 hours and 22 minutes from Northern Ireland to Scotland.This swim marks the fifth open water channel swim conquered by Sayani, who aims to complete the Oceans Seven challenge, which includes seven of the toughest swims worldwide.To prepare for the frigid 13°C waters of the North Channel, Sayani endured ice baths as part of her training, dunking herself in a drum filled with 20-30 kg of ice for up to an hour daily.

 

2.11th BRICS Labour & Employment Ministers’ Meeting 2025 Adopts Declaration Under Brazilian Presidency: Union Minister of State for Labour & Employment, Sushri Shobha Karandlaje, led the Indian delegation at the BRICS Labour & Employment Ministers’ Meeting held under Brazil’s Presidency in Brasília.The meeting, convened under the slogan “Strengthening the Cooperation of the Global South for More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance”, culminated in the adoption of a forward-looking declaration addressing two pivotal themes: “Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Future of Work” and “The Impacts of Climate Change on the World of Work and a Just Transition”.India’s achievement of reduction in GHG emissions (2020–2019) and its net-zero by 2070 pledge reinforced its climate leadership.

 

3.Neeraj Kumar Gupta Appointed Chairman and Public Interest Director of NSE International Exchange: NSE International Exchange (NSE IX) at GIFT City appointed Neeraj Kumar Gupta (Retd. IAS) as its Chairman and Public Interest Director, after approval by the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA).Neeraj Kumar Gupta, a 1982-batch IAS officer (UP cadre), previously served as Secretary, Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (DIPAM) and later as Central Information Commissioner until 2023.Gupta was instrumental in shaping three Union Budgets (2016–2018), promoting the digital economy, and leading major initiatives in government investment management, equity listings, divestments, ETFs, and capital market reforms.

 

4.26 April – International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day: International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day is observed on April 26 to commemorate the 1986 nuclear disaster.The day honors the victims of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster and raises awareness about the devastating consequences of nuclear accidents.On 8 December 2016 the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution designating 26 April as International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day. An explosion at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in 1986 spread a radioactive cloud over large parts of the Soviet Union, now the territories of Belarus, Ukraine and the Russian Federation.

 

5. 26 April – World Intellectual Property Day: World Intellectual Property Day is celebrated every year on 26 April to highlight the importance of intellectual property (IP) — like patents, copyrights, trademarks, and designs — in promoting innovation and creativity.Theme 2025 – IP and Music: Feel the Beat of IPThe day was established by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in 2000. The date, 26 April, marks the day when the WIPO Convention came into force in 1970.

 

6.28 April – World Day for Safety and Health at Work: World Day for Safety and Health at Work is observed every year on April 28 to promote the prevention of occupational accidents and diseases.The day is marked globally to raise awareness about the importance of creating safe and healthy workplaces, and it highlights efforts to reduce work-related injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.Theme 2025 – Revolutionising Health and Safety: The Role of AI and Digitalisation at Work

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Military Spending Disparities Between India and Pakistan: In 2024, India’s military spending reached USD 86.1 billion, ranking fifth globally. This expenditure has surged by 42 per cent since 2015. India aims to reduce its dependence on foreign arms imports. The government has allocated 75 per cent of capital outlays for domestic military procurement. This policy has allowed India to produce armoured vehicles, helicopters, and submarines, although it still relies on imports for advanced systems like combat aircraft. Pakistan’s military spending in 2024 was USD 10.2 billion, placing it at the 29th position worldwide. This figure represents only 11.84 per cent of India’s military expenditure. The low spending reflects Pakistan’s limited resources in comparison to India. The disparity in military budgets raises concerns about regional security and stability.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Brazil to host the 10th edition of FIFA Women’s World Cup 2027: Brazil will host the 10th edition of Women’s World Cup in 2027, marking the first time the tournament takes place in South America.Australia and New Zealand jointly hosted the 9th edition of the FIFA Women’s World Cup in 2023. It was won by Spain, defeating England in the final.Football powerhouse Brazil had previously hosted the FIFA Men’s World Cup in 1950 and 2014.

 

2.India dominates Asian Yogasana Sport Championship with record 83 gold medals: India delivered a dominant performance at the Asian Yogasana Sport Championship, securing a record 83 gold medals to top the medal tally at the event in Delhi.The hosts also won three silver and one bronze medal to end with 87 medals, finishing well ahead of Japan, which claimed three gold, three silver and four bronze medals.Mongolia, Oman and Nepal rounded off the top five standings. Countries such as Uzbekistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Kazakhstan and Bhutan also showcased strong performances, highlighting the growing footprint of yogasana as a competitive sport across Asia.The championship saw participation from over 21 countries, including Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Uzbekistan.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Into Proton Adsorption for Green Hydrogen Production: BIEFs arise at the interface of different materials, particularly in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) p-n heterojunctions. These fields create an asymmetric electronic environment. This asymmetry is crucial as it influences charge distribution at the junction. The resulting built-in potential enhances proton dynamics during adsorption and desorption. Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic potential that helps evaluate the maximum work obtainable from a system. In the context of hydrogen production, it is essential for understanding proton adsorption. The difference in work functions between two materials drives charge redistribution, establishing the built-in potential. This potential directly impacts the Gibbs free energy of adsorption.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Kumar Mangalam Birla received Lata Deenanath Mangeshkar Award 2025: Kumar Mangalam Birla received the Lata Deenanath Mangeshkar Award for his visionary leadership, alongside other notable honourees in Mumbai.The 57-year-old industrialist, Padma Bhushan awardee and Chairman of the Aditya Birla Group, is being honoured for his pivotal role in shaping India’s growth story.This year, the award will also be presented to several notable individuals, including actors Shraddha Kapoor, Sunil Shetty, Sachin Pilgaonkar, Sonali Kulkarni, and violinist Dr N Rajam. The event marks the 83rd Memorial Day of Pandit Deenanath Mangeshkar.While Sunil Shetty and Shraddha Kapoor will be felicitated for their impactful contributions to Indian cinema, Sonali Kulkarni will be honoured for her distinguished body of work that bridges theatre and film, reflecting emotional depth and cultural richness.The Lata Deenanath Mangeshkar Puraskar was instituted in 2022 in memory of the late legendary singer. It is organised by the Master Deenanath Mangeshkar Smruti Pratishthan.

 

2. National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation (NICDC) honoured with Udyog Vikas Award: The National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation (NICDC) received the prestigious Udyog Vikas Award at the Udyog Vikas event in Kerala, recognizing its contribution to industrial development.Shri Bhupathi Raju Srinivasa Varma highlighted the transformational potential of the Palakkad Integrated Manufacturing Cluster (IMC), set to reshape Kerala’s infrastructure and the broader southern region’s industrial landscape.The 1,710-acre Palakkad Industrial Smart City offers excellent connectivity through road, rail, and air, making it a key industrial hub for South India, fostering investments, employment, and regional innovation.

 

Daily GK Update- 27th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. NIFTEM-Kundli hosts the 2nd edition of SUFALAM 2025: The National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship, and Management (NIFTEM), hosted the second edition of SUFALAM (Start-Up Forum for Aspiring Leaders and Mentors) 2025 on its campus in Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana.The Union Minister for Food Processing Industries, Chirag Paswan, inaugurated the 2nd edition of SUFALAM 2025 on 25th April 2025.The SUFALAM conclave aims to strengthen India’s food processing sector through innovation, entrepreneurship, and collaboration.

 

2. PM Modi inaugurates the India Steel 2025 being held in Mumbai: Prime Minister Narendra Modi virtually inaugurated the 6th edition of India Steel 2025, being held in Mumbai, Maharashtra.The first India Steel exhibition cum conference was organised in 2013.The India Steel exhibition-cum-conference was organised by the Union Ministry of Steel in collaboration with the Federation of India Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI).The theme of India Steel 2025 was “Shaping the Future of Steel: Driving Capacity Augmentation, Sustainability, Digitalisation, and Downstream Applications.”

 

3. Tripura Launches Garia and Borsho Boron Utsav 2025 to Celebrate Indigenous Culture: Tripura Chief Minister Manik Saha inaugurated the Garia and Borsho Boron Utsav 2025, a two-day cultural celebration held at Swami Vivekananda Maidan in Agartala.Organised by the Department of Information and Cultural Affairs, in collaboration with local bodies, the festival celebrates the rich cultural traditions of Tripura—particularly the Garia Puja observed by the Tripuri and Reang communities.Garia Puja is a sacred ritual dedicated to Lord Mahadev (Shiva) and is believed to bring peace, prosperity, and happiness to the people.

 

4. Jitendra Srivastava Appointed Chairman and Managing Director of REC Limited: Jitendra Srivastava has been appointed as the Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of REC Limited, a leading public infrastructure finance company in the power sector.His appointment was approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), and he will serve at the Additional Secretary rank under the Ministry of Power.He succeeds Vivek Kumar Dewangan, whose tenure as CMD concluded last month.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. CSIR-IMMT Strengthens Indo-Russian Collaboration with Strategic JDIs on Critical Mineral Research: CSIR-IMMT signed two Joint Declarations of Intent (JDIs) with Russian institutions—JSC Giredmet (Rosatom) and NUST MISIS—to boost collaboration in critical mineral research and sustainable resource development.The agreements were signed by Dr. Ramanuj Narayan, Director of CSIR-IMMT, with counterparts Dr. Andrei I. Golinei and Dr. Michael R. Filonov, with coordination from top scientists from both nations.Anoop Kumar Srivastava, Counsellor at the Indian Embassy in Moscow, endorsed the initiative, highlighting the significance of Indo-Russian cooperation in mineral technologies.

 

2. IISc Bengaluru Tops India in Times Higher Education Asia Rankings 2025: The Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, has been ranked as the best University in India in the Times Higher Education ‘s Asia University Rankings 2025.IISc Bengaluru was ranked 38th in Asia with an overall score of 65.2, while Tsinghua University of China, with a score of 93, was the top-ranked higher educational institution in Asia. Tsinghua University was also the top-ranked Asian University in 2024The Times Higher Education’s Asia University Ranking 2025 ranked 853 universities from 35 countries and territories in Asia.These universities were ranked based on 18 performance indicators in Research Quality, Industry, Research Environment, Teaching, and International Outlook.

 

3. 25 April – World Penguin Day: World Penguin Day is celebrated every year on 25 April to raise awareness about the conservation of penguins and their natural habitats.This special day is dedicated to raising awareness about penguins, the adorable flightless birds that live mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in Antarctica.Penguins are not just cute animals seen in cartoons or movies; they are an essential part of our ecosystem and face many challenges due to climate change and human activities.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. India’s 5-Point Action Plan Post Pahalgam Terror Attack: In response to a devastating terrorist attack in Pahalgam, India has initiated retaliatory actions against Pakistan. The attack resulted in the deaths of 26 individuals, including a foreign national, and has been linked to militant groups operating from Pakistan. The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) convened to address the situation and announced a five-point action plan targeting Pakistan’s diplomatic and military presence. CCS meetings have been convened during critical events in India’s history, including wars and terrorist incidents. For instance, meetings were held during the Kargil conflict and the hijacking of IC 814. Such meetings are typically confidential, with details emerging later through memoirs and writings.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. South Asian Tree Shrews: Recent research by the Zoological Survey of India has transformed the understanding of South Asian tree shrews. This study, published in the journal Ecology and Evolution, challenges previous classifications and marks the need for targeted conservation efforts. It uncovered morphological distinctions among these small mammals, which have often been misidentified due to their resemblance to other species. Tree shrews belong to the order Scandentia. They are not true shrews or squirrels. These mammals possess unique features such as elongated snouts and moist nasal pads. Their diet primarily consists of insects and fruits. Tree shrews play a vital role in forest ecosystems as seed dispersers and insect predators.

 

2. Lunar Nuclear Power Plant: China and Russia are collaborating on an ambitious project to establish a nuclear power plant on the Moon. This initiative aims to support the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS), a joint lunar research base. The ILRS is designed to enhance lunar exploration and facilitate long-term human presence on the Moon. The ILRS will also focus on developing robust communication networks. High-speed communication systems will be established on the Moon. These networks will facilitate data transfer between the Moon and Earth. Efficient communication is essential for coordinating research efforts and future missions.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Capital India Finance Limited Lists on National Stock Exchange (NSE): Capital India Finance Limited, a leading non-banking financial company, has marked a significant milestone by listing its equity shares on the National Stock Exchange of India.This strategic development reflects the company’s commitment to enhancing long-term shareholder value and increasing accessibility for a wider investor base.Previously, Capital India Finance Limited shares were available only on the Bombay Stock Exchange. Now, they can also be traded on the National Stock Exchange under the same ticker symbol, CIFL. This dual listing is expected to provide broader visibility among a larger investor base and improve market participation.Capital India Corp Private Limited holds 72.95 per cent of CIFL’s equity.

 

2. RBI Imposes Penalties on Indian Bank and Mahindra Finance for Regulatory Non-Compliance: RBI imposed a penalty of ₹61 crore on Indian Bank for violating provisions of the Banking Regulation Act and non-compliance related to interest rates on advances, the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Scheme, and MSME lending guidelines.Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services Ltd was fined ₹30 lakh by RBI for failing to comply with NBFC regulatory directions and Know Your Customer (KYC) norms under the 2016 framework.RBI clarified that these penalties are for regulatory compliance deficiencies and do not affect the validity of customer transactions or agreements.

 

3. Sunil Mittal included in World Bank’s Private Sector Investment Lab: Chairperson of Bharti Enterprises, Sunil Bharti Mittal, has been included in the World Bank’s Private Sector Investment Lab initiative.The inclusion of Sunil Bharti Mittal and three other private sector chief executive officers (CEO) was announced by the World Bank at its meeting of the Private Sector Investment Lab in Washington, D.C.Bharti Enterprises becomes the second Indian company to be included in the Private Sector Initiative after Tata Sons.

 

 

 

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Akashvani wins six awards at India Audio Summit and Awards 2025: Akashvani won a total of six awards in various categories at the India Audio Summit and Awards 2025. The third edition of the awards, which recognise excellence in radio and audio content production, was held in Mumbai last night.Among the top accolades for Akashvani, former Union Minister Smriti Irani’s programme ‘Nai Soch Nai Kahani – A Radio Journey with Smriti Irani’ was named Series of the Year on radio.Other award-winning programmes include ‘Chhayageet’, which won in the Best Late Night Show category; ‘Ujale Unki Yadon Ke’, named Best Celebrity Show on Air; and ‘Safarcast’, which clinched the award for Best Travel Show. Akashvani also bagged the award for the Best Interstitial, showcasing its creative excellence in short-form audio content.

Director General of Akashvani – Dr Pragya Paliwal Gaur

 

Daily GK Update- 26th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Tripura Launches Garia and Borsho Boron Utsav 2025 to Celebrate Indigenous Culture: Tripura Chief Minister Manik Saha inaugurated the Garia and Borsho Boron Utsav 2025, a two-day cultural celebration held at Swami Vivekananda Maidan in Agartala.Organised by the Department of Information and Cultural Affairs, in collaboration with local bodies, the festival celebrates the rich cultural traditions of Tripura—particularly the Garia Puja observed by the Tripuri and Reang communities.Garia Puja is a sacred ritual dedicated to Lord Mahadev (Shiva) and is believed to bring peace, prosperity, and happiness to the people.

 

2. Action Plan 2025 for the River Cities Alliance: Reently, the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) has approved a national plan for the River Cities Alliance (RCA). This plan lays out clear steps to be taken throughout the year. It includes training programs, sharing of ideas, creating technical tools, expert advice, and case studies — all aimed at helping India’s cities grow while efficiently managing their rivers. The River Cities Alliance (RCA) is initiative aimed at promoting sustainable urban river management in India. Established in 2021, it is a collaborative effort by the Ministry of Jal Shakti and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. The RCA currently comprises 145 cities, focusing on integrating river-sensitive urban planning into urban development.

 

3. Krishna River Faces Severe Drought Issues: The river has started drying up earlier than usual, impacting agriculture and drinking water supply in the region. The situation has prompted urgent appeals for water releases from neighbouring Maharashtra. The Krishna River is one of India’s longest rivers, spanning approximately 1,400 kilometres. It plays important role in supporting agriculture and ecosystems across western and southern India. The river’s basin is predominantly agricultural, with 75.86% of the area cultivated. Drought has become a pressing issue, particularly in Kalyan Karnataka. The river’s drying up in April has devastated crops.  Although drinking water is supplied by the government, the agricultural crisis remains dire.

 

4. Similipal National Park: Similipal was initially proposed for national park status in 1980. The area has a rich biodiversity, including numerous species of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. The region was previously designated as a wildlife sanctuary in 1975. The long-awaited national park status is seen as a very important moment in Odisha’s conservation history. Similipal is home to 55 species of mammals, 361 species of birds, 62 species of reptiles, and 21 species of amphibians. The park encompasses portion of the Similipal Tiger Reserve, which covers 2,750 square kilometres. The core critical tiger habitat was notified in 2007, covering 1,194.75 square kilometres.

 

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. NIFTEM-Kundli hosts the 2nd edition of SUFALAM 2025: The National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship, and Management (NIFTEM), hosted the second edition of SUFALAM (Start-Up Forum for Aspiring Leaders and Mentors) 2025 on its campus in Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana.The Union Minister for Food Processing Industries, Chirag Paswan, inaugurated the 2nd edition of SUFALAM 2025 on 25th April 2025.The SUFALAM conclave aims to strengthen India’s food processing sector through innovation, entrepreneurship, and collaboration.

 

2. South Asian Tree Shrews: Recent research by the Zoological Survey of India has transformed the understanding of South Asian tree shrews. This study, published in the journal Ecology and Evolution, challenges previous classifications and marks the need for targeted conservation efforts. It uncovered morphological distinctions among these small mammals, which have often been misidentified due to their resemblance to other species. Tree shrews belong to the order Scandentia. They are not true shrews or squirrels. These mammals possess unique features such as elongated snouts and moist nasal pads. Their diet primarily consists of insects and fruits. Tree shrews play a vital role in forest ecosystems as seed dispersers and insect predators.

 

3. Cholistan Canal Project: The Cholistan Canal Project is part of Pakistan’s Green Pakistan Initiative, aimed at transforming the Cholistan Desert into arable land. The project includes the construction of six canals to irrigate over 1.2 million acres in southern Punjab. It is expected to enhance food security, create jobs, and develop agricultural hubs. The project is backed by the Pakistan Army and aims to increase agricultural productivity. The project has faced backlash, particularly from the Sindh province. Sindh leaders argue that the canals violate the 1991 Water Apportionment Accord, which allocates water rights among provinces. The Sindh Assembly has passed resolutions opposing the project, denoting the growing inter-provincial tensions.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. INS Surat Tests MRSAM: The MRSAM is a high-response missile system with a range of approximately 70 km. It employs dual guidance systems, which include command and active radar seeker technologies. The missile is capable of intercepting missiles, aircraft, guided bombs, and helicopters. Its features include a dual pulse solid motor and a proximity fuse for the warhead, ensuring effective engagement of targets. The successful test of the MRSAM by INS Surat marks a milestone in India’s naval capabilities. It marks the country’s progress in indigenous warship design and development. This achievement puts stress on India’s growing prowess in military technology.

 

2. India’s 5-Point Action Plan Post Pahalgam Terror Attack: In response to a devastating terrorist attack in Pahalgam, India has initiated retaliatory actions against Pakistan. The attack resulted in the deaths of 26 individuals, including a foreign national, and has been linked to militant groups operating from Pakistan. The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) convened to address the situation and announced a five-point action plan targeting Pakistan’s diplomatic and military presence. CCS meetings have been convened during critical events in India’s history, including wars and terrorist incidents. For instance, meetings were held during the Kargil conflict and the hijacking of IC 814. Such meetings are typically confidential, with details emerging later through memoirs and writings.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Lunar Nuclear Power Plant: China and Russia are collaborating on an ambitious project to establish a nuclear power plant on the Moon. This initiative aims to support the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS), a joint lunar research base. The ILRS is designed to enhance lunar exploration and facilitate long-term human presence on the Moon. Power supply is crucial for the ILRS. China and Russia are exploring various energy sources. Solar energy, radioisotope generators, and nuclear power are all potential options. Russia’s expertise in nuclear technology gives it a competitive edge. Plans include building a nuclear reactor on the Moon’s surface by 2035. This reactor will ensure a reliable energy source for the research station.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Sunil Mittal included in World Bank’s Private Sector Investment Lab: Chairperson of Bharti Enterprises, Sunil Bharti Mittal, has been included in the World Bank’s Private Sector Investment Lab initiative.The inclusion of Sunil Bharti Mittal and three other private sector chief executive officers (CEO) was announced by the World Bank at its meeting of the Private Sector Investment Lab in Washington, D.C.Bharti Enterprises becomes the second Indian company to be included in the Private Sector Initiative after Tata Sons.

 

2. World Bank lowers India’s FY26 growth forecast to 6.3%: The World Bank has lowered India’s growth forecast for the current fiscal by 4 percentage points to 6.3% amid global economic weakness and policy uncertainty.In its previous estimate, the World Bank had projected India’s growth at 6.7% for the fiscal year 2025-26.In India, growth in FY24/25 disappointed because of slower growth in private investment and public capital expenditures that did not meet government targets, the World Bank said in its twice-yearly regional outlook.

 

3. Finance Ministry Brings I4C Under PMLA: The Revenue Department, under the Ministry of Finance, has brought I4C under Section 66 of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act. This move will enable I4C to exchange information with the Enforcement Directorate and other law enforcement agencies, helping to trace and identify the masterminds behind cyber frauds. This partnership is vital for tracking money trails linked to cyber fraud. The ED can now initiate actions against offenders under the anti-money laundering law. This step is crucial as cyber frauds often involve complex financial networks.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Dr K Kasturirangan: Born on October 24, 1940, in Ernakulam, Kerala, Dr Kasturirangan completed his Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees in Physics from Bombay University. He earned his Doctorate in Experimental High Energy Astronomy in 1971 from the Physical Research Laboratory in Ahmedabad. His academic pursuits laid the foundation for his illustrious career in astrophysics. Dr Kasturirangan received numerous accolades for his contributions to science and education. He was awarded the Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Vibhushan, India’s prestigious civilian honours.

 

Daily GK Update- 25th Apr, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. PM Modi launches development works worth over Rs 13,480 crore in Madhubani: Prime Minister Narendra Modi has inaugurated, laid the foundation stone and dedicated to the nation multiple development projects worth over Rs 13,480 crore in Madhubani, Bihar on the occasion of National Panchayati Raj Day.PM laid the foundation stone of an LPG bottling plant with a rail unloading facility at Hathua in Gopalganj District of Bihar worth around Rs 340 crore.This will help in streamlining the supply chain and improving the efficiency of bulk LPG transportation.Boosting power infrastructure in the region, Prime Minister laid the foundation stone for projects worth over Rs 1,170 crore and also inaugurated multiple projects worth over Rs 5,030 crore in the power sector in Bihar under the Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme.

 

2. J P Nadda launches National Zero Measles-Rubella Elimination Campaign: Union Health Minister J.P. Nadda has launched the National Zero Measles-Rubella Elimination Campaign 2025–26, reaffirming India’s goal to eliminate both diseases by 2026, with multilingual awareness materials released across States and UTs.India currently has 93.7% first-dose and 92.2% second-dose MR vaccine coverage; 332 districts reported zero measles cases, and 487 districts reported zero rubella cases between Jan–Mar 2025, earning global recognition with the Measles and Rubella Champion Award in 2024.The campaign emphasises over 95% MR vaccine coverage in all districts, rapid outbreak response, robust surveillance through IDSP, and inter-departmental coordination with a strong focus on public awareness to counter vaccine hesitancy.

 

3. AIIMS Raipur successfully performs first swap kidney transplant: AIIMS Raipur has successfully performed its first Swap Kidney Transplant, also known as a Kidney Paired Transplant.With this achievement, AIIMS Raipur became the first among the newer AIIMS institutions and the first government hospital in Chhattisgarh to carry out this complex and life-saving procedure.This significant milestone underscores the institute’s commitment to advancing healthcare and providing innovative treatment solutions for patients suffering from end-stage kidney disease. It is estimated that Swap Kidney Transplant lead to a 15 per cent increase in the number of transplants.Recognising its potential, the National Organisation and Tissue Transplant Organisation (NOTTO) has recommended for the implementation of Swap donor transplantation to all the states and Union Territories, which could increase the number of donors.

 

4. CCI Approves Bharat Forge’s 100% Acquisition of AAM India with Modifications, Including e-Axle Asset Transfer: The Competition Commission of India approved the acquisition of 100% equity shareholding of AAM India Manufacturing Corporation Pvt. Ltd. (AAMCPL) by Bharat Forge Limited (BFL), subject to voluntary modifications offered by the parties.BFL is a global manufacturer of forged components and critical solutions for sectors like automotive, defence, aerospace, oil & gas, and more. Its promoters (BNK Family) also have stakes in joint ventures with Meritor Heavy Vehicle Systems (now part of Cummins Inc.).AAMCPL is engaged in the manufacture and sale of axles for commercial vehicles in India. Before the acquisition, certain business divisions (like the Pune IT office and export components business) will be hived off to affiliates of its parent company, AAM Holdco (USA).

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India decides to suspend visa services to Pak nationals with immediate effect and more: Immediate suspension of visa services for Pakistani nationals: India has halted all visa services to Pakistanis and has asked those currently in India to leave within 48 hours.SAARC Visa Exemption Scheme suspended: The 1992 scheme that allowed special visas for 24 categories of dignitaries from SAARC countries, including Pakistan, has been suspended for Pakistani nationals.

 

2. Indus Water Treaty suspended: India has suspended the 1960 Indus Water Treaty with Pakistan, demanding an end to Pakistan’s support for cross-border terrorism.Closure of Attari Integrated Check Post (ICP): India has closed the Attari Land Port, the only land trade and movement route between India and Pakistan, halting bilateral trade and cross-border movement.Reduction in Pakistan High Commission staff: India will reduce the Pakistani diplomatic staff strength from 55 to 30 by May 1, 2025. No Indian High Commissioner has been posted in Pakistan since 2019.

 

3. 24-30 April – World Immunization Week: World Immunization Week is observed globally from April 24th to 30th each year to raise awareness about the importance of vaccination in preventing deadly diseases.Theme 2025 – Immunization for All is Humanly PossibleThe goal of this week is to highlight the role of immunization in protecting people of all ages from preventable diseases and to encourage the use of vaccines to save lives.

 

4. 24 April 2025 – International Girls in ICT Day 2025: International Girls in ICT Day is observed every fourth Thursday of April, and in 2025, it falls on April 24.The day is celebrated to encourage girls and young women to pursue careers in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). It aims to bridge the gender digital divide and promote greater female participation in STEM fields.Theme 2025 – Girls in ICT for inclusive digital transformation

 

5. 24 April – International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace: International Day of Multilateralism and Diplomacy for Peace is observed every year on 24 April.The day was designated by the UN General Assembly through resolution A/RES/73/127 in 2018, with the first observance on April 24, 2019.

 

6. 25 April – World Malaria Day: World Malaria Day is observed annually on April 25th.Objective: To raise awareness about the global efforts to control and eliminate malaria, a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted through the bites of infected femaleAnopheles mosquitoes.Theme for 2025: Malaria ends with us: Reinvest, Reimagine, Reignite

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. M4 Carbine Assault Rifles: Recent events in Kashmir have brought into light the alarming use of M4 carbine assault rifles by terrorists. This pattern raises concerns regarding security in the region. The recent attack in Pahalgam, where gunmen armed with M4 carbines and AK-47s targeted tourists, has drawn attention to the origins of these American-made weapons. The M4 carbine is a lightweight, gas-operated firearm. It is a shorter and lighter version of the M16A2 rifle. The M4 has been in military service since 1994. It can fire between 700 and 950 rounds per minute, with an effective range of 500 to 600 metres. Its maximum range extends to 3,600 metres. This versatility makes it a preferred choice for modern military operations.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Mansukh Mandaviya Launches Issuance of Sports Certificates via DigiLocker: Union Minister Mansukh Mandaviya has launched digital issuance of sports certificates through DigiLocker, empowering athletes with easy and secure access to their achievements.The National Centre for Sports Science and Research (NCSSR) was inaugurated to become a hub for elite athlete performance research and innovation, supporting India’s long-term sporting goals.The DigiLocker initiative will integrate with the National Sports Repository System (NSRS) to enable Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) of rewards without delay or paperwork for medal-winning athletes.

 

2. 2nd Asian Yogasana Championships to begin in New Delhi: The 2nd Asian Yogasana Championships began at the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium in New Delhi.The 3-day event by Yogasana Bharat, over 170 athletes from 21 Asian countries will participate, along with several technical officials and team managers and coaches.Yoga is all about connecting with yourself, and it plays an important part in creating balance in everyone’s life.

 

3. Indian Chess Grandmaster Koneru Humpy wins Pune FIDE Women’s Grand Prix: Indian Chess Grandmaster Koneru Humpy won the Pune FIDE Women’s Grand Prix with 7/9 points, defeating Nurgyul Salimova in the final round.Chinese Grandmaster Zhu Jiner also scored 7/9 points but finished 2nd due to tiebreaks, sharing Grand Prix points and prize money with Humpy.India’s International Master Divya Deshmukh drew with Alina Kashlinskaya, securing 3rd place with 5.5/9 points.

 

4.Golf: Inaugural India Championship joins 2025 race to Dubai: The DP World India Championship will debut at the historic Delhi Golf Club from October 16 to 19, 2025, co-sanctioned with the Professional Golf Tour of India (PGTI), and will be part of the ‘Back 9’ series in the 2025 Race to Dubai.With a USD 4 million prize purse, the India Championship becomes the richest golf tournament ever held in India, highlighting the country’s rising prominence in global golf.The tournament will take place at the Lodhi Course at Delhi Golf Club, a course steeped in history, designed by Peter Thomson in 1977 and enhanced by Gary Player Design in 2019. It has hosted the inaugural Indian Open in 1964.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. South Asian Tree Shrews: Recent research by the Zoological Survey of India has transformed the understanding of South Asian tree shrews. This study, published in the journal Ecology and Evolution, challenges previous classifications and marks the need for targeted conservation efforts. It uncovered morphological distinctions among these small mammals, which have often been misidentified due to their resemblance to other species. Tree shrews belong to the order Scandentia. They are not true shrews or squirrels. These mammals possess unique features such as elongated snouts and moist nasal pads. Their diet primarily consists of insects and fruits. Tree shrews play a vital role in forest ecosystems as seed dispersers and insect predators.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. NABARD buys 10% stake in 24×7 Moneyworks to boost rural credit digitization: The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) has acquired a 10 per cent stake in agri fintech startup 24×7 Moneyworks Consulting Pvt Ltd.This marks Nabard’s first-ever investment in a bootstrapped startup, reinforcing its commitment to digital transformation in rural India.24×7 Moneyworks Consulting Pvt. Ltd’s flagship platform, eKisanCredit (eKCC), is a fully digital loan origination system designed for Cooperative Banks, PACS and RRBs.The eKCC platform integrates seamlessly with land records, Aadhaar, eKYC, core banking systems and ePACS, enabling end-to-end automation of the rural credit lifecycle.eKCC has demonstrated the potential to improve access, transparency, and efficiency in dispensing agricultural credit. This strategic collaboration will help Cooperative Banks, PACS, and RRBs deliver faster, transparent, and more inclusive credit services to small and marginal farmers.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. AI Kiran Initiative: As the nation’s AI market is projected to reach $17 billion by 2027, the initiative aims to address the gender disparity in this rapidly evolving field. It is co-led by the Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser (PSA) to the Government of India, Verix (Blockchain-powered credentialing platform) and INK Women. AI Kiran shines a spotlight on over 250 prominent women in AI across various sectors such as education, healthcare, and sustainability. By celebrating their contributions, the initiative aims to amplify their voices and inspire future generations of female technologists.