Daily GK Update- 12th May, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Three Jan Suraksha Schemes – PMSBY, PMJJBY and APY complete 10 years of providing social security cover: The three Jan Suraksha schemes — PMJJBY, PMSBY, and APY — were launched on 9th May 2015 to provide affordable life insurance, accident insurance, and pension to the underprivileged sections of society.As of April 2025, over 23.6 crore people enrolled in PMJJBY, 51 crore in PMSBY, and 7.6 crore in APY; with claims worth ₹18,398 crore and ₹3,121 crore settled under PMJJBY and PMSBY respectively.Digitization through the Jan Suraksha Portal has simplified enrolment and claims, ensuring faster assistance and broader access without the need for physical bank visits.

 

2. About Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY): PMJJBY provides a life insurance cover of ₹2 lakh in case of death due to any reason, at a low premium of ₹436 per annum (less than ₹2 per day), with the amount auto-debited from the subscriber’s bank or post office account.The scheme is available to individual bank/post office account holders aged 18 to 50 years, and is administered through LIC and other approved life insurance companies in partnership with banks/post offices.Coverage period is from 1st June to 31st May, and enrolment must be completed by 31st May each year; pro-rata premium applies for late enrolments based on the month of joining.A 30-day lien period applies from the date of enrolment, during which claims are not admissible except in cases of accidental death.As of 23 April 2025, over 23.63 crore people have enrolled under PMJJBY, with ₹18,397.92 crore paid for 9,19,896 claims, including 10.66 crore women and 7.08 crore PMJDY account holders.

 

3. About Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY): PMSBY provides accidental death and disability insurance of up to ₹2 lakh for individuals aged 18 to 70 years, at a highly affordable premium of just ₹20 per annum (less than ₹2 per month), auto-debited from their bank/post office account.The scheme is renewable annually (1st June to 31st May) and is offered through Public Sector General Insurance Companies (PSGICs) and other approved general insurers in collaboration with banks and post offices.Eligibility is open to individual bank/post office account holders within the age group of 18–70 years who provide consent for auto-debit; a person can enrol through only one account even if holding multiple.Benefits include: ₹2 lakh for accidental death or total disability (loss of both eyes/hands/feet), and ₹1 lakh for partial disability (loss of one eye or one hand/foot).As of 23 April 2025, PMSBY has over 51.06 crore enrolments, with ₹3,121.02 crore paid towards 1,57,155 claims, including 23.87 crore women and 17.12 crore PMJDY account holders.

 

4. About Atal Pension Yojana (APY): Atal Pension Yojana (APY) aims to provide universal social security for workers in the unorganised sector. It offers a guaranteed monthly pension of ₹1000 to ₹5000 after the age of 60, based on the subscriber’s contribution.The scheme is open to bank account holders aged 18 to 40 years who are not income tax payers; it is managed by the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) under the National Pension System (NPS).

Pension benefits are provided to the subscriber first, then to the spouse after the subscriber’s death, and finally, the accumulated corpus is returned to the nominee after both pass away.In case of the subscriber’s death before 60 years, the spouse can choose to continue contributions until the original vesting age is reached.Contributions to APY can be made on a monthly, quarterly, or half-yearly basis, and voluntary exit is allowed under certain conditions with deduction of government co-contribution and its interest.

 

5. Delhi Cabinet Approves Rs 3.21 Crore for Cloud Seeding Trials to Tackle Air Pollution: The Delhi Cabinet has approved a Rs 3.21 crore outlay for conducting five cloud seeding trials across the Delhi-NCR region to combat air pollution, with the first trial set to take place by the end of this month over an area of 100 sq km.IIT Kanpur will manage the logistics, planning, and implementation of the cloud seeding trials, which are part of the Delhi government’s air pollution action plan.Despite concerns over its effectiveness, cloud seeding was proposed as a solution to Delhi’s smog problem and is now part of the BJP government’s strategy to improve air quality, a major election promise.The total cost for five cloud seeding trials will be Rs 2.75 crore, with an additional Rs 66 lakh for logistics, including aircraft and chemicals, all funded by the Delhi government to IIT Kanpur.

 

6. Ayush Ministry Launches Weekly Yoga Podcast to Bring Timeless Wisdom to Every Home: The Ministry of Ayush has launched its Weekly Yoga Podcast, a new digital initiative produced by the Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga (MDNIY) in New Delhi.Union Minister of Ayush, Prataprao Jadhav, launched the weekly podcast through his social media platforms. The podcast aims to bring the timeless wisdom of yoga to every household, blending ancient practices with modern lifestyles.The inaugural episode of the podcast sets the tone for a transformative journey into the world of yoga. The podcast series is designed to engage listeners with insightful discussions, guided practices, and expert interviews, making yoga accessible and relatable to people of all ages and backgrounds.

 

7. Justice Surya Kant Appointed Executive Chairman of NALSA by President Murmu: President Droupadi Murmu has nominated Justice Surya Kant, Supreme Court judge, as the executive chairman of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA), succeeding Justice B R Gavai.Justice Surya Kant will lead NALSA’s mission to ensure accessible and free legal aid across India, focusing especially on marginalized and economically weaker sections.Prior to this nomination, Justice Kant served as chairman of the Supreme Court Legal Services Committee and has been actively involved in promoting legal aid and reforming the justice delivery system.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Sanjay Seth represents India at 80th Victory Day celebration in Moscow: Raksha Rajya Mantri Sanjay Seth participated in the 80th Victory Day celebrations in Moscow on May 9, 2025, commemorating the Soviet Union’s victory over Nazi Germany in World War II. He laid a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and attended the Victory Day Parade alongside other international dignitaries.During his visit, Shri Seth met with Russian President Vladimir Putin to extend India’s congratulations on the 80th Victory Day and discussed strengthening bilateral defence cooperation.

 

2. Hyderabad Hosts 72nd Miss World Pageant, Marking Historic Back-to-Back Staging in India: Hyderabad is hosting the 72nd edition of the Miss World pageant at the Gachibowli Indoor Stadium, marking the first time in the pageant’s 73-year history that one country (India) hosts it in two consecutive years.The three-week event will showcase Telangana’s cultural richness, with contestants visiting historical and cultural sites like Warangal, Pochampally, Buddhavanam, Yadagirigutta, and Mahabubnagar, along with a heritage walk through Charminar and Laad Bazaar.Key competitions include the Continental Finale on May 20, Talent Finale at Shilpakala Vedika on May 22, and the ‘Beauty with a Purpose’ event on May 26, culminating in the grand finale on May 31, where the new Miss World will be crowned.The contestants’ journey will end with a high tea and formal meeting with the Governor and Chief Minister of Telangana at Raj Bhavan on June 2, coinciding with Telangana State Formation Day.

 

3. 10 May – International Day of Argania: The International Day of Argania is observed every year on 10 May, as declared by the United Nations General Assembly in 2021, to recognize and celebrate the cultural, ecological, and economic importance of the Argan tree (Argania spinosa), which is endemic to Morocco.The Argan tree is a symbol of resilience, sustainability, and biodiversity. It thrives in arid environments and plays a crucial role in preventing desertification, promoting climate adaptation, and supporting biodiversity. Argan oil, extracted from its nuts, is globally valued for its nutritional, cosmetic, and medicinal properties.This day also emphasizes the contribution of rural Moroccan women, who are at the heart of the argan oil production industry.

 

4. 12 May – International Nurses Day: International Nurses Day is celebrated annually on May 12, marking the birth anniversary of Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing.The day honors the invaluable contribution of nurses worldwide, recognizing their dedication, hard work, and commitment to patient care, particularly in the face of global health challenges.Theme 2025 – Our Nurses. Our Future. Caring for nurses strengthens economies

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Rajnath Singh Inaugurates BrahMos Missile Production Unit in Lucknow: Defence Minister Rajnath Singh virtually inaugurated the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile production unit at the Uttar Pradesh Defence Industrial Corridor in Lucknow. The facility, built at a cost of Rs 300 crore, is designed to manufacture 80 to 100 BrahMos missiles annually, amid rising military tensions with Pakistan.The production unit will produce the BrahMos missile, which has a range of 290 to 400 km and a top speed of Mach 2.8. The missile, developed by BrahMos Aerospace (a joint venture between India and Russia), can be launched from land, sea, or air and uses a “fire and forget” guidance system.As part of the initiative, next-generation BrahMos missiles will be produced at the facility, with a strike range of over 300 kilometers and a weight of 1,290 kilograms. The new missiles will be compatible with fighter jets like Sukhoi, which will be able to carry up to three BrahMos missiles, unlike the current model that can carry only one.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. FIFA Expands Women’s World Cup to 48 Teams from 2031; USA Likely to Host: FIFA has approved expanding the Women’s World Cup from 32 to 48 teams starting with the 2031 edition, adopting a 12-group format with 104 matches, mirroring the men’s 2026 World Cup structure.The United States is the only bidder for the 2031 Women’s World Cup and is expected to host the tournament, which would mark the third time the U.S. hosts after 1999 and 2003; the UK is the sole bidder for 2035.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. 11 May – National Technology Day: National Technology Day is celebrated on May 11 every year in India to honor the country’s technological advancements and achievements in various fields.The day commemorates the successful test of India’s first nuclear bomb (Shakti-I) on May 11, 1998, at the Pokhran test range in Rajasthan, marking a significant milestone in India’s defense and scientific capabilities.Theme 2025 – YANTRA – Yugantar for Advancing New Technology, Research & Acceleration.National Technology Day recognizes the contributions of scientists, engineers, and technologists in advancing research and development in fields such as space, defense, and information technology.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. RBI Imposes Penalties on SBI and Jana SFB for Non-Compliance with Regulatory Norms: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has imposed a penalty of Rs 1.72 crore on State Bank of India (SBI) for non-compliance with regulations related to “Loans and Advances-Statutory and Other Restrictions,” “Customer Protection in Unauthorised Electronic Transactions,” and “Opening of Current Accounts by Banks.”A penalty of Rs 1 crore has been levied on Jana Small Finance Bank Ltd. for violating certain provisions of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.The RBI clarified that these penalties are for deficiencies in compliance with regulatory norms and are not a reflection on the validity of transactions or agreements between the banks and their customers.

 

2. Kotak Mahindra Bank Launches Solitaire Credit Card for Premium Travellers: Kotak Mahindra Bank has introduced the Kotak Solitaire Credit Card, an exclusive, invite-only metal card aimed at catering to affluent travellers.This premium card offers a range of luxury benefits, including zero foreign transaction fees, unlimited airport lounge access, and the ability to transfer airmiles to top-tier airline and hotel partners.

 

Daily GK Update- 11th May, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. DPIIT and Häfele India Ink MoU to Boost Innovation and Manufacturing Ecosystem: The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) and Hafele India Pvt. Ltd signed an MoU in New Delhi to empower startups, MSMEs, and entrepreneurs, with a focus on boosting product innovation, local sourcing, and strengthening India’s manufacturing ecosystem.Under this collaboration, Häfele will invest in Indian startups, offer infrastructure, technical support, and market access, and integrate them into global value chains—including a prior $2.5 million investment in an Indian appliance startup.The partnership aligns with the ‘Make in India’ and ‘India for the World’ vision, combining global best practices with local innovation, and will remain in effect for two years, with the possibility of extension.

 

2. Titan names Tanishq CEO Ajoy Chawla as next MD: Titan Company has appointed Ajoy Chawla, the current CEO of Tanishq, as its next Managing Director (MD).Ajoy Chawla will succeed C.K. Venkataraman, who is set to retire in 31 December 2025, after completing his term.Chawla has played a crucial role in expanding the Tanishq brand and driving growth across Titan’s jewellery division.

 

3. Snow Leopards in Ladakh: The research involved a comprehensive survey of 59,150 km² in Ladakh. It employed a double-sampling approach that combined occupancy surveys, camera traps, and habitat modelling. This methodology is considered the most intensive snow leopard survey ever conducted in the region. The aim was to assess both the snow leopards and their prey effectively. Several factors contribute to the high density of snow leopards in Ladakh. Cultural values among the Ladakhi people promote conservation. The efforts of the Ladakh Wildlife Department have transformed the region from a hunting ground into a conservation success story. Additionally, the rugged terrain and low human population density support abundant prey, including blue sheep, urial, and ibex.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Robert Prevost or Leo XIV becomes the first American to become Pope: Robert Francis Prevost became the first American to be elected as the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. After being elected as the 267th Pope in the Vatican, he assumed the name of Leo XIV.Pope Leo XIV succeeded Pope Francis, who died on 21 April 2025.Pope Leo XIV was elected by a College of Cardinals locked in the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City. As per tradition, they are locked in the Chapel until a new Pope is elected.As per tradition, when the College of Cardinals elects a new Pope, white smoke comes out of the Sistine Chapel’s chimney, signalling the election of a new Pope to the world.

 

2. New Crocodile Species in Mexico: Scientists from Canada, Mexico, and Panama have discovered two new crocodile species near the Yucatán coast. These were found on Cozumel island and Banco Chinchorro atoll. This brings the number of New World crocodile species from 4 to 6. Previously known species are American, Morelet’s, Cuban, and Orinoco crocodiles. A team of researchers studied crocodile populations on Cozumel Island and the Banco Chinchorro atoll. These isolated habitats were previously thought to house local populations of the widespread American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus). The new species are not just local variants of the American crocodile. They are genetically distinct from known species. Names for the new species are yet to be given, but may reflect their island origins.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Blackout Measures in India: In recent developments, India has implemented blackout measures across over 15 cities in response to Pakistani drone and missile attacks targeting Indian military areas. This action is part of a broader strategy to protect civilian populations and military facilities from potential aerial attacks. Blackouts involve turning off or severely limiting light sources to reduce visibility for enemy aircraft. This article delves into the significance and implementation of blackout measures in India. The primary goal of blackouts is to safeguard both civilians and infrastructure. By reducing visible light, the chances of enemy aircraft accurately targeting ground installations decrease. The dark environment increases anxiety for enemy pilots, making it harder for them to conduct successful operations. This strategy remains relevant despite advancements in aerial technology.

 

2. Territorial Army: The Territorial Army is a volunteer force that acts as a second line of defence for India. Unlike regular soldiers, TA members are civilians who balance their civilian professions with military responsibilities. They dedicate time to training and are prepared to serve during emergencies, such as wars and natural disasters. The Territorial Army comprises approximately 50,000 personnel across 65 units. These units include both departmental units, like those from Railways and ONGC, and non-departmental units, such as infantry battalions and ecological task forces. Members undergo two months of military training annually. They receive the same pay and privileges as regular army officers when activated.

 

3. Pakistan’s AWACS Aircraft: On Thursday night, India successfully neutralised a Pakistan military attempt to target military stations in Jammu, Pathankot, and Udhampur. This event involved the destruction of drones and missiles, alongside the downing of Pakistan’s Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft. This act has severely impacted Pakistan’s air surveillance and operational capabilities. The use of AWACS in aerial combat is crucial, as it serves as the nerve centre for battlefield coordination. The incident puts stress on a shift in India’s air strategy, focusing on pre-emptive strikes against critical military assets. Its aim is to not only intercept threats but also to disrupt enemy command capabilities. AWACS is an advanced radar system mounted on large aircraft. AWACS detects, tracks, and monitors aerial and surface threats over vast distances. It acts as a command post in the sky, providing 360-degree radar surveillance. AWACS coordinates air battles and relays real-time intelligence to ground and air forces.

 

4. Rafale Fighter Jet vs. F-16 Fighter Jet: The Rafale is a 4.5-generation multirole aircraft developed by Dassault Aviation. It was inducted into the Indian Air Force in September 2020. The Rafale excels in air superiority, ground strike, and electronic warfare. Its advanced capabilities position it as a formidable opponent in modern aerial combat. Pakistan’s F-16s are fourth-generation jets originally manufactured by General Dynamics. They have undergone upgrades to the Block 52+ standard. However, their core design remains from the Cold War era. Despite improvements, they lack the technological advancements seen in newer aircraft like the Rafale. A critical advantage of the Rafale lies in its armament. It carries the Meteor missile, which has a range exceeding 150 kilometres and no-escape zone of 60 km. In contrast, F-16s are equipped with AIM-120C5 AMRAAMs, which have a maximum range of around 100 km. The Rafale’s superior missile technology enhances its combat effectiveness.

 

5. Harop Drones: Harop drones can loiter over a target area for up to nine hours. They use an electro-optic sensor to locate and identify targets. This capability allows them to plan an attack route effectively. Once a target is acquired, they dive and strike from various angles. Their design provides immunity to communication jamming, enhancing their effectiveness in combat. The concept of loitering munitions is not new. Israel Aerospace Industries first introduced the HARPY in the 1980s. Initially termed a “Kamikaze Drone”, it allowed for strikes without prior target intelligence. The HAROP is a modern evolution of the HARPY, featuring advanced targeting systems and improved operational flexibility.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Aryna Sabalenka Clinches Third Madrid Open Title with Win Over Coco Gauff: World No. 1 Aryna Sabalenka defeated Coco Gauff 6-3, 7-6 (7/3) to win her third Madrid Open title, marking her 31st career victory on Madrid clay.This was Sabalenka’s sixth final of the year and her 37th overall, and she has now won WTA titles in Brisbane, Miami, and Madrid in 2024.Gauff, who had defeated Iga Swiatek in the semifinals, was overpowered by Sabalenka’s consistent play and a tie-break finish sealed by Gauff’s double fault.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Bhutan Launches World’s First Crypto Tourism Payment System: Bhutan launched the world’s first national-level cryptocurrency tourism payment system in partnership with Binance Pay and DK Bank. This innovative initiative allows travellers to use digital currencies for a wide range of services during their stay in Bhutan. Visitors can pay for airfares, visas, accommodations, and even local fruit using their Binance accounts. The move aims to enhance the tourism experience while promoting financial inclusion in the country. The new payment system is integrated into the Binance app. It supports over 100 cryptocurrencies including BNB, BTC, and USDC. Tourists can make real-time payments using dynamic or static QR codes. This method ensures secure transactions and instant settlement in Bhutanese currency via DK Bank. The system eliminates traditional barriers like currency conversion issues and high transaction fees.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. RBI’s New Digital Lending Regulations: These guidelines aim to enhance transparency and accountability in the digital lending ecosystem. The new rules require regulated entities to report their digital lending applications through the Centralised Information Management System (CIMS) portal. This initiative is set to encourage trust among borrowers and mitigate unethical practices in digital lending. The RBI’s new digital lending directions consolidate previous guidelines. They focus on ensuring that digital lending practices are transparent. Regulated entities must report details of their digital lending apps by June 15, 2025. A public directory of these apps will be accessible on the RBI’s website by July 1, 2025.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Nicaragua’s La Prensa Newspaper Awarded 2025 UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize: La Prensa, a Nicaraguan newspaper, has been honored with the 2025 UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize for its outstanding commitment to press freedom and journalistic integrity.The award highlights La Prensa’s resilience in upholding independent journalism, often under challenging circumstances, as recognized by UNESCO’s international jury.The UNESCO/Guillermo Cano Prize, named after the assassinated Colombian journalist, celebrates contributions to free expression, with La Prensa joining a legacy of global defenders of press rights.

 

2. UNESCO’s Guillermo Cano Prize: UNESCO member states created the World Press Freedom Prize in 1997.The only UN prize awarded to journalists, it is named after Colombian newspaper journalist Guillermo Cano Isaza, who was assassinated in Colombia’s capital, Bogota, in 1986.

 

3. Recent Award: Medal of Honour from World Jurist Association – Bhuwan Ribhu (renowned child rights lawyer and founder of Just Rights for Children)Companion of the Order of Fiji – Karnataka-based humanitarian Madhusudan SaiLata Deenanath Mangeshkar Award 2025 – Kumar Mangalam Birla, Shraddha Kapoor, Sunil Shetty, Sachin Pilgaonkar, Sonali Kulkarni, and violinist Dr N RajamsGurudev Kalicharan Brahma Award 2025 – Achyuta SamantaBreakthrough Prize 2025 for Contribution to ALICE Collaboration at CERN – Bose Institute’s High-Energy Physics Team

 

Daily GK Update- 10th May, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Govt Doubles Credit Guarantee Cover to ₹20 Crore to Boost Startups: The government has doubled the maximum guarantee cover under the Credit Guarantee Scheme for Startups (CGSS) from ₹10 crore to ₹20 crore per borrower to improve access to capital for startups.For loans up to ₹10 crore, the guarantee now covers 85% of the default amount, while for loans above ₹10 crore, the coverage is 75%, aimed at boosting credit availability.The expanded scheme is expected to drive innovation, reduce lending risks, and encourage more financial institutions, including banks, NBFCs, and AIFs, to provide credit to startups.The scheme facilitates collateral-free debt, addressing early-stage funding needs without equity dilution, with experts noting its potential to benefit startups if eligibility and disbursement processes are streamlined.Launched under the Startup India initiative (2016) and notified in 2022, the CGSS supports startups and MSMEs, enhancing competitiveness and contributing to the ‘Make in India’ initiative through increased financial support.

 

2. Haryana Govt Approves ₹10,000 Monthly Honorarium Scheme for Artists: The Haryana government has decided to implement a new scheme titled “Pandit Lakhmi Chand Kalakar Samajik Samman Yojana”, under which eligible artistes will receive a monthly honorarium of Rs 10,000 as financial support from the government.The scheme aims to improve the financial and socio-economic conditions of senior artistes and art scholars who made significant contributions to the field of art during their active lives or who are still contributing to the field but are no longer actively participating due to old age.

 

3. Government set 354.64 MT target of foodgrain Production for 2025-26: India sets foodgrain production target at 354.64 million tonnes for the 2025–26 crop year, up from 341.55 million tonnes in 2024–25, buoyed by expectations of a better monsoon.Current production has reached 330.92 million tonnes from the Kharif and Rabi seasons in 2024–25; estimates for the summer (zaid) season are still awaited.For rice, the government aims to produce 147.35 million tonnes in 2025–26, compared to 136.44 million tonnes estimated from Kharif and Rabi in the current year.

For wheat, which is grown only in the Rabi season, the target is set at 117.40 million tonnes for 2025–26, slightly higher than the 115.43 million tonnes estimated in 2024–25.

 

4. Titan names Tanishq CEO Ajoy Chawla as next MD: Titan Company has appointed Ajoy Chawla, the current CEO of Tanishq, as its next Managing Director (MD).Ajoy Chawla will succeed C.K. Venkataraman, who is set to retire in 31 December 2025, after completing his term.Chawla has played a crucial role in expanding the Tanishq brand and driving growth across Titan’s jewellery division.

 

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Bhutan signs MoU with Adani for 5,000 MW hydropower: Adani Group and Bhutan’s Druk Green Power Corporation (DGPC) have signed an MoU to jointly develop 5,000 MW of hydropower projects in Bhutan.The MoU was signed in Thimphu in the presence of Bhutanese Prime Minister Dasho Tshering Tobgay and other senior dignitaries, strengthening Indo-Bhutan energy cooperation.This collaboration expands on their ongoing partnership in the Wangchhu Hydropower Project (570/900 MW), with DGPC holding 51% stake and Adani holding 49% stake.

 

2. India and Chile Sign Terms of Reference for Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement Negotiations: India and Chile signed the Terms of Reference (ToR) for a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA), marking a significant advancement in their bilateral trade relations.The CEPA aims to build upon the existing Preferential Trade Agreement between the two nations. It seeks to encompass a broader range of sectors, including digital services, investment promotion and cooperation, MSME and critical minerals among others for enhancing economic integration and cooperation.A Framework Agreement on Economic Cooperation was signed between the two countries in January, 2005, followed by Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) in March, 2006. Since then economic and commercial relations between India and Chile have remained robust and continue to grow.

 

3. India Champions Inclusive Land Governance at World Bank Land Conference 2025 with SVAMITVA and Gram Manchitra: India, led by Vivek Bharadwaj, Secretary, Ministry of Panchayati Raj, served as a Country Champion at the World Bank Land Conference 2025 (Washington D.C.), highlighting the SVAMITVA Scheme and Gram Manchitra platform as exemplary models of technology-driven rural governance.The SVAMITVA Scheme, discussed in a plenary and a special session titled “Securing Land Rights for a Billion People,” has surveyed 68,000 sq. km, monetized ₹16 trillion in land, and empowered rural livelihoods, particularly for women, by providing secure land ownership and access to credit.In a special technical session, Gram Manchitra, a geospatial planning tool, was showcased by Alok Prem Nagar, emphasizing its role in climate resilience, disaster preparedness, and localized planning, earning appreciation for its relevance to the Global South.

 

4. Robert Prevost or Leo XIV becomes the first American to become Pope: Robert Francis Prevost became the first American to be elected as the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. After being elected as the 267th Pope in the Vatican, he assumed the name of Leo XIV.Pope Leo XIV succeeded Pope Francis, who died on 21 April 2025.Pope Leo XIV was elected by a College of Cardinals locked in the Sistine Chapel in Vatican City. As per tradition, they are locked in the Chapel until a new Pope is elected.As per tradition, when the College of Cardinals elects a new Pope, white smoke comes out of the Sistine Chapel’s chimney, signalling the election of a new Pope to the world.

 

5. May 10 – World Lupus Day: World Lupus Day is observed every year on May 10 to raise awareness about lupus, a chronic autoimmune disease that can damage any part of the body including skin, joints, and organs.The day aims to highlight the physical, emotional, and economic impact of lupus and advocate for better healthcare services, research funding, and patient support worldwide.Theme 2025 – Belief. BreakthroughsThe initiative was first launched in 2004 by the World Lupus Federation, involving patient organizations from around the world.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. SONGAR Drones: In early May 2025, Pakistan executed drone and missile offensive against India. This escalation followed a deadly terror attack in Pahalgam, resulting in civilian casualties. The Ministry of External Affairs of India confirmed the use of Turkish-made SONGAR drones in this operation. The incident marks the complex geopolitical dynamics in South Asia, especially with Turkey’s backing of Pakistan. SONGAR drones are armed unmanned aerial vehicles developed by the Turkish defence firm ASİSGUARD. Introduced in 2020, these drones are designed for both domestic and battlefield operations. They feature a compact design and tactical flexibility, making them effective in various combat scenarios.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Aryna Sabalenka Clinches Third Madrid Open Title with Win Over Coco Gauff: World No. 1 Aryna Sabalenka defeated Coco Gauff 6-3, 7-6 (7/3) to win her third Madrid Open title, marking her 31st career victory on Madrid clay.This was Sabalenka’s sixth final of the year and her 37th overall, and she has now won WTA titles in Brisbane, Miami, and Madrid in 2024.Gauff, who had defeated Iga Swiatek in the semifinals, was overpowered by Sabalenka’s consistent play and a tie-break finish sealed by Gauff’s double fault.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. DPIIT and Häfele India Ink MoU to Boost Innovation and Manufacturing Ecosystem: The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) and Hafele India Pvt. Ltd signed an MoU in New Delhi to empower startups, MSMEs, and entrepreneurs, with a focus on boosting product innovation, local sourcing, and strengthening India’s manufacturing ecosystem.Under this collaboration, Häfele will invest in Indian startups, offer infrastructure, technical support, and market access, and integrate them into global value chains—including a prior $2.5 million investment in an Indian appliance startup.The partnership aligns with the ‘Make in India’ and ‘India for the World’ vision, combining global best practices with local innovation, and will remain in effect for two years, with the possibility of extension.

 

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. IEA’s Global Methane Tracker 2025: The main sources of methane emissions include agriculture, energy, and waste. The energy sector alone accounts for over 35% of human-related methane emissions. Within this sector, oil operations contributed around 45 million tonnes, natural gas operations nearly 35 million tonnes, and abandoned wells around 3 million tonnes. Coal also plays a role, emitting over 40 million tonnes, with contributions from abandoned mines and end-use equipment. Bioenergy is another source, responsible for approximately 18 million tonnes of methane emissions. This primarily results from the incomplete combustion of traditional biomass used for cooking and heating in developing countries. Modern bioenergy technologies, such as biogas and biofuels, also contribute to methane emissions but offer lower emissions options if managed correctly.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Sonu Sood to Receive Humanitarian Award at Miss World 2025 for Covid-19 Relief Efforts: Actor Sonu Sood will be honored with the Humanitarian Award at the 72nd Miss World Festival at HITEX Arena, Hyderabad, for his extensive relief work during the Covid-19 pandemic through the Sood Charity Foundation.Julia Morley, Chairperson of the Miss World Organisation, praised Sood’s efforts as embodying ‘Beauty With A Purpose,’ noting his inspiring contributions to humanity, while Sood will also serve as a judge at the Miss World 2025 grand finale.During the lockdown, Sood facilitated transport for stranded workers, provided medical aid, and launched free education and job training programs, significantly impacting lives.

 

2. Nicaragua’s La Prensa Newspaper Awarded 2025 UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize: La Prensa, a Nicaraguan newspaper, has been honored with the 2025 UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize for its outstanding commitment to press freedom and journalistic integrity.The award highlights La Prensa’s resilience in upholding independent journalism, often under challenging circumstances, as recognized by UNESCO’s international jury.The UNESCO/Guillermo Cano Prize, named after the assassinated Colombian journalist, celebrates contributions to free expression, with La Prensa joining a legacy of global defenders of press rights.

 

Daily GK Update- 9th May, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Cabinet approves revised ‘SHAKTI’ policy for coal allocation to power sector: The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved fresh coal linkages under the revised SHAKTI policy to enhance coal availability and flexibility for thermal power generation across India.Two-Window Allocation Mechanism Introduced: The revised policy simplifies coal allocation into Window-I (for government projects at notified prices) and Window-II (for all thermal plants via auction with market flexibility and no PPA requirement).

The policy is expected to boost both brownfield and greenfield thermal capacity additions near coal sources and reduce dependence on imported coal, especially for Imported Coal-Based (ICB) plants.Coal source rationalisation aims to reduce transportation costs and electricity tariffs by easing railway congestion and improving coal delivery efficiency.Coal India Limited (CIL) and Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL) will be directed to implement the revised policy, and all relevant ministries, state governments, and regulatory bodies will be informed for further dissemination.

 

2. G Kishan Reddy Launches Dedicated Non-Ferrous Metal Recycling Portal: Union Minister of Coal and Mines, G Kishan Reddy, has launched a dedicated Non-Ferrous Metal Recycling Website and Stakeholders’ Portal to promote a structured, transparent, and sustainable recycling ecosystem in India, in the presence of senior officials from the Ministry of Mines and JNARDDC.The portal, developed under the National Non-Ferrous Metal Scrap Recycling Framework, aims to improve data visibility, support evidence-based policymaking, and empower stakeholders in the recycling of aluminium, copper, lead, zinc, and critical elements.The platform includes a national registry for recyclers, dismantlers, and traders, along with tools for tracking raw material flows, technology adoption, and performance benchmarking. It also supports the development of standards, certification systems, and awareness campaigns.

 

3. Cabinet approves National Scheme for Industrial Training Institute (ITI) Upgradation: The Union Cabinet, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved a ₹60,000 crore Centrally Sponsored Scheme to upgrade 1,000 Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) and establish five National Centres of Excellence (NCOEs) over five years.The funding includes contributions from the Centre (₹30,000 crore), States (₹20,000 crore), and Industry Partners (₹10,000 crore), with the Asian Development Bank and World Bank co-financing 50% of the central share.The scheme aims to transform ITIs into aspirational, industry-managed institutions under a hub-and-spoke model, aligned with current industry demands. Five existing National Skill Training Institutes (NSTIs) in Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kanpur, and Ludhiana will be upgraded to host the new NCOEs.The initiative addresses skill gaps in modern, capital-intensive sectors such as electronics, automotive, and renewable energy. A need-based investment model gives institutions the autonomy to upgrade infrastructure and introduce trades that match market demand.

 

4. CCRAS Revives Two Key Ayurvedic Manuscripts to Preserve India’s Traditional Medical Heritage: The Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), under the Ministry of Ayush, has successfully revived two important Ayurvedic manuscripts—Dravyaratnākara Nighaṇṭu and Dravyanamākara Nighaṇṭu, crucial for the preservation and advancement of India’s traditional medical heritage.The manuscripts were unveiled during an event held by the RRAP Central Ayurveda Research Institute in Mumbai.Authored by Mudgala Paṇḍita in 1480 AD, this previously unpublished lexicon offers in-depth knowledge of drug synonyms, therapeutic actions, and medicinal properties. It was widely referenced in Maharashtra until the 19th century.The critical edition of the text, revived by Dr. Sadanand D. Kamat, provides valuable insights into Ayurvedic pharmacology (Dravyaguna) and documents novel medicinal substances from plant, mineral, and animal origins.

 

5. India’s First Geothermal Production Well Drilled in Arunachal Pradesh: The Centre for Earth Sciences and Himalayan Studies (CESHS) has successfully drilled Northeast India’s first geothermal production well at Dirang in Arunachal Pradesh, marking a significant milestone in sustainable energy for the region.Once operational, the geothermal energy will be used for eco-friendly technologies such as fruit and meat drying, space heating, and controlled-atmosphere storage systems, essential for improving agriculture and living conditions in the high-altitude terrain of Arunachal Pradesh.The project is the result of a collaborative effort between CESHS, the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Icelandic geothermal firm Geotropy ehf, and the drilling team from Guwahati Boring Service (GBS), based on years of extensive geochemical surveys in western Arunachal Pradesh.

 

6. Kerala Launches ‘Jyothi’ Scheme to Enrol Migrant Children in Schools and Anganwadis: The Kerala government has introduced the ‘Jyothi’ scheme to ensure that children of migrant workers, aged 3 to 18, are enrolled in educational institutions.Children aged 3 to 6 will be enrolled in anganwadis, while those aged 6 and above will be integrated into public schools.Beyond education, the scheme offers health check-ups and welfare support for migrant children. Additionally, a new Aadhaar-linked migrant registry has been launched to facilitate better tracking and support for these children.

 

7. Maharashtra Launches ‘Adishakti Abhiyan’ for Women Empowerment: Maharashtra government has launched the ‘Adishakti Abhiyan’ to promote women’s empowerment and raise awareness about welfare schemes for women and children, announced on Ahilyabai Holkar’s 300th birth anniversary.The campaign will tackle issues like malnutrition, maternal and infant mortality, domestic violence, and child marriage, while encouraging women’s participation in local governance through Panchayati Raj.Committees will be formed from village to state level to oversee the implementation, and the government will introduce Adishakti Awards to recognize exceptional efforts by Gram Panchayats annually.

 

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India Embarks on Nationwide Rollout of Secure Chip-Enabled e-Passports: India has launched e-passports nationwide, incorporating RFID chips and antennas for enhanced security and data protection. This move aligns India with technologically advanced nations and modernises travel documentation.The trial phase began on April 1, 2024, under the Passport Seva Programme Version 2.0. The e-passports store encrypted personal details, including biometrics, making them more secure and tamper-resistant. They also feature a Machine-Readable Zone (MRZ) for faster border checks, improving travel efficiency.E-passports are being issued in select cities such as Chennai, Jaipur, Hyderabad, and others. These locations serve as pilot centers before nationwide rollout.

 

2. Friedrich Merz elected 10th Chancellor of Germany: Freidrich Merz of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party has been elected as the 10th Chancellor of Germany. Freidrich Merz was elected as German Chancellor by the Bundestag (German Parliament).For the first time after World War II, a German Chancellor has been elected in the second round of voting in the Bundestag.Freidrich Merz succeeded Olaf Scholz, whose coalition government lost the 2025 Bundestag general election.Friedrich Merz leads a three-party coalition government of the CDU, Christian Social Union (CSU), and Social Democrats (SPD).

 

3. 8 May – World Red Cross Day 2025: World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day is observed every year on 8 May to commemorate the birth anniversary of Henry Dunant, the founder of the Red Cross Movement and the first Nobel Peace Prize laureate.The day honours the humanitarian efforts of Red Cross and Red Crescent volunteers worldwide who provide aid during disasters,conflicts, and health emergencies.Theme 2025 – Keeping Humanity AliveThe Indian Red Cross Society, established in 1920, plays a vital role in disaster relief, blood donation, and health initiatives across the country.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. CBI Director Praveen Sood gets one-year extension: The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has approved a one-year extension for Praveen Sood as the Director of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), beyond his original tenure, which was set to end on May 24, 2025.

The extension was discussed in a high-level meeting chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, attended by Chief Justice of India Sanjiv Khanna and Leader of Opposition Rahul Gandhi, where Sood’s possible extension was considered.Sood, a 1986-batch IPS officer from Karnataka, previously served as the Director General of Police (DGP) in Karnataka. Before being appointed CBI director in May 2023, he held significant roles including Commissioner of Police in Bengaluru and Mysuru, DGP (internal security), and advisor to the government of Mauritius.

2. INS Kiltan Arrives in Singapore for IMDEX Asia 2025, Strengthening India-Singapore Maritime Cooperation: Indian Naval Ship INS Kiltan has arrived in Singapore to participate in IMDEX Asia 2025 at the Changi Exhibition Centre, reflecting the strong maritime relationship between India and Singapore.The ship’s crew will participate in bilateral and multilateral activities, including professional exchanges with the Republic of Singapore Navy and other participating navies, aiming to enhance naval cooperation and interoperability.The visit will feature guided tours for school children, cross-deck visits, and curated sessions for defense industries, aiming to raise awareness about maritime security and India’s naval heritage.

 

3. Kosmos 482 Spacecraft: The Kosmos 482 spacecraft, launched in 1972, is set to re-enter Earth’s atmosphere after over 50 years in orbit. Originally intended for a mission to Venus, it malfunctioned shortly after launch and remained in low Earth orbit. The spacecraft is expected to fall back to Earth around May 10, 2025. Experts have assessed the risks associated with its re-entry, noting that the likelihood of it causing harm is minimal. Kosmos 482 was part of the Soviet Union’s Venera Program, which aimed to explore Venus. The mission launched on March 31, 1972, shortly after Venera 8. While Venera 8 successfully landed on Venus, Kosmos 482 failed to escape Earth’s orbit due to a malfunction in its upper rocket stage. The lander module separated but remained trapped in orbit.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. SAFF U-19 Championship 2025 Begins in Arunachal Pradesh: The South Asian Football Federation (SAFF) U-19 Football Championship 2025 began at Yupia in the Papum Pare district of Arunachal Pradesh.Six countries are participating in the tournament. Group A includes Bangladesh, Bhutan, and the Maldives, while Group B consists of India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal.The opening match will be played between India and Sri Lanka at the Golden Jubilee Stadium, Yupia.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

2. RBI Introduces Consultative Framework for New Regulations: This approach aims to enhance transparency and stakeholder engagement. It allows stakeholders 21 days to comment on draft regulations. The RBI will also conduct an impact analysis before finalising any new rules. This initiative reflects the RBI’s commitment to a balanced regulatory environment. The RBI’s framework outlines the process for developing new regulations. It mandates the publication of draft regulations on the RBI’s website. Stakeholders can submit comments within 21 days. This process is designed to gather diverse perspectives before finalising regulations. Before finalising any regulation, the RBI will conduct an impact analysis. This analysis assesses the potential effects of the regulation. It aims to evaluate the benefits and costs associated with the proposed rules. The RBI will consider the feasibility of this analysis in each case.

 

 

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Bhuwan Ribhu Becomes First Indian Lawyer to Receive ‘Medal of Honour’ from World Jurist Association: Bhuwan Ribhu, a renowned child rights lawyer and founder of Just Rights for Children (JRC), became the first Indian lawyer to receive the ‘Medal of Honour’ from the World Jurist Association (WJA) at the World Law Congress in the Dominican Republic.Ribhu is known for his impactful legal work, including over 60 PILs that led to landmark rulings, especially his 2011 anti-trafficking case and 2013 campaign on missing children, which transformed India’s legal approach to child protection.His PICKET strategy to end child marriage, featured in When Children Have Children, was endorsed by the Supreme Court in 2024, and is actively followed by Vasavya Mahila Mandali in Andhra Pradesh’s NTR district, which aims to become child marriage-free by 2030.

 

2. Recent Award: Companion of the Order of Fiji – Karnataka-based humanitarian Madhusudan SaiLata Deenanath Mangeshkar Award 2025 – Kumar Mangalam Birla, Shraddha Kapoor, Sunil Shetty, Sachin Pilgaonkar, Sonali Kulkarni, and violinist Dr N RajamsGurudev Kalicharan Brahma Award 2025 – Achyuta SamantaBreakthrough Prize 2025 for Contribution to ALICE Collaboration at CERN – Bose Institute’s High-Energy Physics Team Knighthood for his services to Cricket – James Andersons