Daily GK Update- 24th June, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. About Rashtrapati Tapovan: It is a 19-acre forest area that is adjacent to the Rashtrapati Niketan. It has been developed as a forest area in collaboration with the Uttarakhand Forest Department.The Tapovan is rich in native vegetation, featuring natural bamboo groves and undisturbed woodland ecosystems. Around 117 plant species, 52 butterflies, 41 bird species, and 7 wild mammals are found here.The Tapovan has been designed to be a place of quiet and meditation with  silent zones, forest trails, meditation huts.

 

2. Google Launches First Asia-Pacific Safety Engineering Centre in Hyderabad to Boost Cybersecurity and AI Safety: Google has established its first Asia-Pacific Safety Engineering Centre (GSEC) in Hyderabad, Telangana, making it the fourth such centre globally after Munich (Germany), Malaga (Spain), and Dublin (Ireland); it was inaugurated by Telangana CM A. Revanth Reddy.The Hyderabad GSEC will serve as a strategic hub for cybersecurity and end-user safety, focusing on preventing online fraud, securing enterprise and government infrastructure, and promoting responsible AI across the Asia-Pacific region.The centre will leverage AI and large language models to enable real-time scam alerts through Gemini Nano on Android, improve fraud detection on Google Pay, Gmail, and Search, and strengthen protections like Google Play Protect.

 

3. Shaktipeeth Expressway: The Shaktipeeth Expressway is infrastructure project in Maharashtra. Approved by the Maharashtra Cabinet on June 24, 2025, it aims to connect 12 districts from Pawnar in Wardha to Patradevi on the Maharashtra-Goa border. The project has a budget of ₹20,787 crore, with ₹12,000 crore earmarked for land acquisition. However, it faces strong opposition from farmers in the proposed corridor. The Shaktipeeth Expressway spans 802 kilometres. It is designed to reduce travel time between Nagpur and Goa from 18 hours to 8 hours. The expressway will connect key pilgrimage sites known as Shakti Peethas, enhancing religious tourism. It will link 18 religious shrines across Maharashtra and Goa. The Maharashtra Road Development Corporation (MSRDC) is responsible for implementing the project. A substantial loan of ₹12,000 crore will be sourced from the Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO). The total estimated cost of the project is over ₹84,000 crore. The project is modelled after the Nagpur-Mumbai Samruddhi Mahamarg, an access-controlled highway.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. 23 June – United Nations Public Service Day: United Nations Public Service Day is observed every year on 23rd June to recognize the value and virtue of public service in the community and to highlight the contribution of public servants in the development process.The day aims to promote professionalism, innovation, and integrity in public administration and encourages youth to pursue careers in the public sector.It was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2003 (Resolution A/RES/57/277), acknowledging that an efficient, accountable, and inclusive public administration is vital for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

 

2. India’s Progress Towards SDG 3: India has made strides in health under the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3). This goal focuses on ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages. Recent reports indicate that India is on track to achieve several health targets. Key indicators show improvements in maternal and child health, immunisation rates, and disease control. India’s Human Development Index (HDI) has risen by over 53 per cent since 1990. This increase surpasses both global and South Asian averages. Economic growth and welfare initiatives like the National Rural Health Mission and Ayushman Bharat have driven this progress. As of 2023, life expectancy in India reached 72 years, the highest recorded since the HDI’s inception. According to the NITI Aayog SDG Index, India’s score rose from 52 in 2018 to 77 in 2023. Several states have emerged as “front-runners” in health outcomes. Maternal mortality has decreased to 97 per 100,000 live births. States like Kerala and Tamil Nadu have already met the 2030 target of 70.

 

3. India’s SDG Ranking in 2025: India achieved milestone by securing a position among the top 100 countries in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Index. This ranking is part of the Sustainable Development Report, which evaluates the progress of nations in achieving the 17 SDGs established in 2015. India ranks 99th out of 193 countries, scoring 67 points. This marks a notable improvement in its commitment to sustainable development. The SDG Index measures countries based on their performance across various sustainable development indicators. The index includes metrics related to poverty, education, health, and environmental sustainability. The report is produced by the U.N. Sustainable Development Solutions Network, with renowned economist Jeffrey Sachs leading the analysis.

 

4. Global Tobacco Epidemic Report: India has emerged as a leader in tobacco control, as brought into light by the World Health Organisation’s Global Tobacco Epidemic report. The report identifies India’s graphic health warnings on tobacco products as among the most effective globally. This reflects commitment to public health and the fight against tobacco-related illnesses. The WHO’s MPOWER framework outlines six essential measures to combat tobacco use. These include monitoring tobacco use, protecting people from tobacco smoke, offering help to quit, warning about the dangers of tobacco, enforcing bans on advertising, and raising taxes on tobacco products. India has made notable progress in several of these areas. Graphic health warnings are crucial in informing consumers about the dangers of tobacco. India mandates that 85% of cigarette packaging must display these warnings. This is one of the largest requirements globally. The size and prominence of these warnings have increased since 2007, contributing to greater awareness among the population.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Operation Midnight Hammer: US Launches Massive Airstrikes on Iran’s Nuclear Sites in Largest Middle East Campaign Since 2003: The United States launched Operation Midnight Hammer, targeting Iran’s three most fortified nuclear facilities—Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan—marking the largest American air campaign in the Middle East since the 2003 Iraq War.The strike involved over 125 aircraft, including seven B-2 stealth bombers and submarine-launched Tomahawk missiles. For the first time in combat, the GBU-57 bunker-busting bomb was used to hit deeply buried nuclear sites.The U.S. strike followed Israel’s Operation Rising Lion, launched to stop Iran’s alleged nuclear advancements.Operation Midnight Hammer now joins a growing list of high-profile Middle East military actions, including Operation True Promise (Iran), Operation Rising Lion and Iron Wall (Israel), and Operation Poseidon Archer (US-UK coalition), all escalating tensions in the region.

 

2. Indian Navy to Commission Stealth Frigate ‘Tamal’ in Russia on 1st July 2025: The Indian Navy will commission the stealth multi-role frigate Tamal on 01 July 2025 in Kaliningrad, Russia, with Vice Admiral Sanjay J Singh presiding over the ceremony, alongside top Indian and Russian defence officials.Tamal is the eighth Krivak-class frigate acquired from Russia and the second in the upgraded Tushil-class, following the Talwar and Teg classes, each of which had three ships.As part of the Tushil-class project, India is also constructing two similar frigates (Triput-class) at Goa Shipyard Limited with Russian technology support, aiming to operate ten ships with common weapons and sensors.Built at Yantar Shipyard, Tamal features 26% indigenous content, including the BrahMos missile, and comes equipped with modern armaments such as vertical-launch SAMs, advanced radars, EW systems, torpedoes, and support for multi-role helicopters.

 

3. India’s Indus Waters Treaty Dispute with Pakistan: India requested a pause in proceedings regarding the Ratle and Kishanganga hydropower projects, which are under dispute with Pakistan. This request was made to Michel Lino, the neutral expert appointed by the World Bank to oversee the disputes. The Government of India’s decision to place the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) in abeyance has intensified tensions between the two nations. The IWT governs water sharing from the Indus River system, which is vital for both countries. The Ratle and Kishanganga hydropower projects are located in Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan alleges that these projects violate the IWT, particularly concerning minimum water flow requirements. India argues that the projects conform to the treaty’s stipulations. The disputes have been ongoing since 2022, with Lino tasked to evaluate the compliance of the projects with treaty provisions.

 

SPORTS

 

1. India scripts historic finish at U23 Asian Wrestling Championships with double team titles: India’s young wrestlers delivered a stellar performance on the final day of the Under-23 Asian Wrestling Championships in Vung Tau, Vietnam, winning six medals in men’s freestyle. Five wrestlers, Nikhil, Sujeet, Jaideep, Chander Mohan, and Sachin, clinched gold.India also topped the team rankings in men’s freestyle and won the women’s freestyle team title, marking a historic finish at the continental event.Indian women wrestlers won the team title at the Under-23 Asian Championship by winning a medal in each of the 10 categories, including four gold and five silver in Vung Tau, Vietnam.Priyanshi Prajapat in 50kg category, Reena in 55kg category, Shrishti in 68kg and Priya in 76kg category sealed the top podium places. Five Indian women wrestlers settled for runner-up finishes.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Adani Commissions India’s First Off-Grid 5 MW Green Hydrogen Plant in Gujarat, Advancing Clean Energy Goals: Adani New Industries Limited (ANIL) has commissioned India’s first off-grid 5 MW green hydrogen pilot plant in Kutch, Gujarat, powered entirely by solar energy and integrated with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), marking a significant step toward the National Green Hydrogen Mission.The plant uses a fully automated, closed-loop electrolyser system that dynamically adjusts to renewable energy inputs, showcasing technological feasibility, operational flexibility, and efficiency in managing solar power variability.This 100% green-powered facility produces hydrogen without any carbon emissions and serves as a proof of concept ahead of ANIL’s upcoming large-scale Green Hydrogen Hub in Mundra, Gujarat.The project strengthens India’s position in the global green hydrogen economy, aiming to decarbonise hard-to-abate sectors like fertilisers, refineries, and heavy transport, while supporting the Atmanirbhar Bharat vision and reducing dependence on energy imports.

 

2. Favipiravir Shows Promise Against Chandipura Virus: Recent studies have brought into light the potential of Favipiravir as a treatment for the Chandipura virus (CHPV). Conducted by the National Institute of Virology in Pune, these preclinical trials indicate that Favipiravir can reduce viral load and improve survival rates in infected animals. The Chandipura virus is endemic to central India and primarily affects children, leading to severe symptoms such as high fever and seizures. The Chandipura virus belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family and is transmitted by sandflies. It was first identified in 1965 in Nagpur, Maharashtra. The virus causes encephalitis, leading to inflammation of the brain. Symptoms include fever, vomiting, altered consciousness, and convulsions. CHPV is primarily transmitted by female Phlebotomine sandflies, which are most active during the early monsoon season. Studies have indicated that certain mosquito species, particularly Aedes aegypti, could also transmit the virus under laboratory conditions. However, no direct isolation from mosquitoes has been confirmed.0

 

3. EMM-Negative Blood Group System: The International Society of Blood Transfusion officially recognised a new blood group system named EMM-negative, also known as Gwada negative. This designation emerged from the unique case of a woman from Guadeloupe who is the only known individual to possess this rare blood type. The discovery puts stress on advancements in transfusion medicine and genetic research. Gwada negative refers to the EMM-negative blood group system, identified by the absence of the EMM antigen on red blood cells. This antigen is a high-incidence antigen, present in almost all humans. The lack of such a common antigen is medically and has led to the classification of this blood type as the 48th globally recognised system in transfusion science.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Centre and RBI Push for Unified Lending Interface (ULI) to Revolutionize Credit Delivery Across India: The Department of Financial Services (DFS) and RBI co-chaired a high-level meeting in New Delhi to discuss scaling up Unified Lending Interface (ULI) — a Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) aimed at streamlining and democratizing credit access across India.ULI is envisioned as a transformative platform that integrates technology, data, and policy to deliver seamless, data-driven, and inclusive credit, particularly benefiting underserved borrowers by leveraging trusted government datasets.RBI Deputy Governor T. Rabi Sankar emphasized ULI’s potential to surpass the impact of UPI, urging ministries and states to view it as a collaborative, two-way innovation and contribute relevant datasets to unlock its full potential.The meeting concluded with a shared commitment to digitally integrate government datasets, nominate nodal officers, digitise land and property records, and align other credit initiatives with ULI to build a unified national lending ecosystem.

Daily GK Update- 23rd June, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. President Murmu Inaugurates Rashtrapati Tapovan & Niketan in Dehradun: President Droupadi Murmu inaugurated the opening of the Rashtrapati Tapovan and Rashtrapati Niketan in Dehradun to the public on the occasion of her 67th birthday on 20 June 2025. She also laid the foundation stone of the Rashtrapati Udyan, which will be built as a net-zero public park in Dehradun.The Presidential Estate, later renamed Rashtrapati Ashiana and now Rashtrapati Niketan, is spread over a 21-acre area in the Himalayan foothills of Dehradun, Uttarakhand.The Presidential Estate was built in 1838 as a summer camp for the Governor General of India’s Bodyguard.In 1976, the Presidential Retreat was renamed Rashtrapati Ashiana, and the President of India occasionally spends a few days here in the summer season.

 

2. Bhupendra Yadav Launches Gharial Conservation Programme at Katarniaghat: Union Environment Minister Bhupendra Yadav launched the Gharial Species Conservation Programme by releasing seven one-year-old gharial hatchlings into the Gerua River at Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh.The Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), listed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN, is endemic to India and found primarily in the Chambal, Gerua (Girwa), and Rapti-Narayani river systems.The National Chambal Sanctuary holds about 77% of the global gharial population, while Katarniaghat Sanctuary serves as a key captive breeding ground for gharial conservation in Uttar Pradesh.

 

3. PM Modi Flags Off First Made-in-Bihar Locomotive for Export to Guinea: Prime Minister Narendra Modi flagged off the export of the first made-in-Bihar diesel locomotive to Guinea, from the Marhowrah Diesel Locomotive Plant in Saran district, marking India’s entry into the global locomotive export market from Bihar.The Wabtec Diesel Locomotive Plant, a joint venture between Wabtec (75%) and Indian Railways (25%), signed a deal to export 150 locomotives to Guinea over three years for the Simandou iron ore project, one of the world’s largest; the exported engines include modern features like AC cabins, refrigerators, microwaves, and waterless toilets.

 

4. Adani Commissions India’s First Off-Grid 5 MW Green Hydrogen Plant in Gujarat, Advancing Clean Energy Goals: Adani New Industries Limited (ANIL) has commissioned India’s first off-grid 5 MW green hydrogen pilot plant in Kutch, Gujarat, powered entirely by solar energy and integrated with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), marking a significant step toward the National Green Hydrogen Mission.The plant uses a fully automated, closed-loop electrolyser system that dynamically adjusts to renewable energy inputs, showcasing technological feasibility, operational flexibility, and efficiency in managing solar power variability.This 100% green-powered facility produces hydrogen without any carbon emissions and serves as a proof of concept ahead of ANIL’s upcoming large-scale Green Hydrogen Hub in Mundra, Gujarat.The project strengthens India’s position in the global green hydrogen economy, aiming to decarbonise hard-to-abate sectors like fertilisers, refineries, and heavy transport, while supporting the Atmanirbhar Bharat vision and reducing dependence on energy imports.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India Launches Operation Sindhu to Evacuate Citizens from Conflict-Hit Iran: India launched Operation Sindhu to evacuate Indian nationals, including students and pilgrims, stranded in Iran amid the escalating Iran–Israel conflict.As of now, nearly 2,295 individuals, including one Sri Lankan national, have been successfully evacuated through multiple special flights from Mashhad, Iran, to Delhi.The operation continues with additional evacuation flights planned, showcasing India’s strong commitment to ensuring the safety of its citizens during geopolitical crises.

 

2. 23 June – United Nations Public Service Day: United Nations Public Service Day is observed every year on 23rd June to recognize the value and virtue of public service in the community and to highlight the contribution of public servants in the development process.The day aims to promote professionalism, innovation, and integrity in public administration and encourages youth to pursue careers in the public sector.It was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2003 (Resolution A/RES/57/277), acknowledging that an efficient, accountable, and inclusive public administration is vital for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

 

3. 23 June – International Widows’ Day: International Widows’ Day is observed every year on 23rd June to raise awareness about the challenges faced by widows across the world and to advocate for their rights, dignity, and social inclusion.Theme 2025 – Empowering Widows: Building Resilience, Restoring Dignity Proclaimed by the United Nations in 2010, International Widows’ Day addresses the social stigmas, economic hardships, and human rights violations experienced by millions of widows globally.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Operation Midnight Hammer: US Launches Massive Airstrikes on Iran’s Nuclear Sites in Largest Middle East Campaign Since 2003: The United States launched Operation Midnight Hammer, targeting Iran’s three most fortified nuclear facilities—Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan—marking the largest American air campaign in the Middle East since the 2003 Iraq War.The strike involved over 125 aircraft, including seven B-2 stealth bombers and submarine-launched Tomahawk missiles. For the first time in combat, the GBU-57 bunker-busting bomb was used to hit deeply buried nuclear sites.The U.S. strike followed Israel’s Operation Rising Lion, launched to stop Iran’s alleged nuclear advancements.Operation Midnight Hammer now joins a growing list of high-profile Middle East military actions, including Operation True Promise (Iran), Operation Rising Lion and Iron Wall (Israel), and Operation Poseidon Archer (US-UK coalition), all escalating tensions in the region.

 

2. Indian Navy to Commission Stealth Frigate ‘Tamal’ in Russia on 1st July 2025: The Indian Navy will commission the stealth multi-role frigate Tamal on 01 July 2025 in Kaliningrad, Russia, with Vice Admiral Sanjay J Singh presiding over the ceremony, alongside top Indian and Russian defence officials.Tamal is the eighth Krivak-class frigate acquired from Russia and the second in the upgraded Tushil-class, following the Talwar and Teg classes, each of which had three ships.As part of the Tushil-class project, India is also constructing two similar frigates (Triput-class) at Goa Shipyard Limited with Russian technology support, aiming to operate ten ships with common weapons and sensors.Built at Yantar Shipyard, Tamal features 26% indigenous content, including the BrahMos missile, and comes equipped with modern armaments such as vertical-launch SAMs, advanced radars, EW systems, torpedoes, and support for multi-role helicopters.

 

SPORTS

 

1. India Tops Archery Asia Cup 2025 Singapore Leg 2 with Nine Medals: India’s young archers continued their strong performance, finishing at the top of the medal table at the Archery Asia Cup 2025 – Singapore Leg 2 with a total of 9 medals – 2 gold, 6 silver, and 1 bronze.In the first leg held in Bangkok, Thailand, Indian archers had also topped the medal tally with 8 medals, showing consistent dominance across both legs of the tournament.The Singapore leg witnessed participation from over 200 archers representing 21 countries, with India qualifying for five out of six team finals and two of four individual gold medal matches, though they converted only two finals into victories.

 

2. India’s Maaya Rajeshwaran clinches women’s single ITF J200 Gladbeck title in Germany: In Tennis, India’s Maaya Rajeshwaran has clinched the women’s singles ITF J200 Gladbeck title in Germany.The 16-year-old defeated Switzerland’s Noelia Manta 6-2, 6-4 in the final. This triumph marks Maaya’s maiden ITF Junior title on European clay.Earlier in the semifinals, she defeated Daphnee Mpetshi Perricard of France 6-2, 6-1. It is Maaya’s seventh ITF Junior title overall. Her earlier titles include victories at J100 and J300 events.The J signifies Junior, and the number indicates the tournament’s grade, with higher numbers generally representing higher levels of competition and more ranking points.

 

3. India scripts historic finish at U23 Asian Wrestling Championships with double team titles: India’s young wrestlers delivered a stellar performance on the final day of the Under-23 Asian Wrestling Championships in Vung Tau, Vietnam, winning six medals in men’s freestyle. Five wrestlers, Nikhil, Sujeet, Jaideep, Chander Mohan, and Sachin, clinched gold.India also topped the team rankings in men’s freestyle and won the women’s freestyle team title, marking a historic finish at the continental event.Indian women wrestlers won the team title at the Under-23 Asian Championship by winning a medal in each of the 10 categories, including four gold and five silver in Vung Tau, Vietnam.Priyanshi Prajapat in 50kg category, Reena in 55kg category, Shrishti in 68kg and Priya in 76kg category sealed the top podium places. Five Indian women wrestlers settled for runner-up finishes.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Google Launches First Asia-Pacific Safety Engineering Centre in Hyderabad to Boost Cybersecurity and AI Safety: Google has established its first Asia-Pacific Safety Engineering Centre (GSEC) in Hyderabad, Telangana, making it the fourth such centre globally after Munich (Germany), Malaga (Spain), and Dublin (Ireland); it was inaugurated by Telangana CM A. Revanth Reddy.The Hyderabad GSEC will serve as a strategic hub for cybersecurity and end-user safety, focusing on preventing online fraud, securing enterprise and government infrastructure, and promoting responsible AI across the Asia-Pacific region.The centre will leverage AI and large language models to enable real-time scam alerts through Gemini Nano on Android, improve fraud detection on Google Pay, Gmail, and Search, and strengthen protections like Google Play Protect.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. UGRO Capital to Acquire Profectus for ₹1,400 Crore in Landmark All-Cash Deal to Boost MSME Lending: UGRO Capital has announced the 100% equity acquisition of Profectus Capital for ₹1,400 crore in an all-cash deal, funded through its recent equity raise and pending regulatory approvals including from the RBI.Post-acquisition, Profectus Capital will become a wholly-owned subsidiary, enabling UGRO to strengthen its MSME-focused lending strategy and expand its secured lending portfolio.With this deal, UGRO Capital will gain access to Profectus’s ₹3,468 crore AUM, a 28-branch network, and a low NPA base, resulting in a 29% boost in UGRO’s total assets under management (AUM).

 

2. Centre and RBI Push for Unified Lending Interface (ULI) to Revolutionize Credit Delivery Across India: The Department of Financial Services (DFS) and RBI co-chaired a high-level meeting in New Delhi to discuss scaling up Unified Lending Interface (ULI) — a Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) aimed at streamlining and democratizing credit access across India.ULI is envisioned as a transformative platform that integrates technology, data, and policy to deliver seamless, data-driven, and inclusive credit, particularly benefiting underserved borrowers by leveraging trusted government datasets.RBI Deputy Governor T. Rabi Sankar emphasized ULI’s potential to surpass the impact of UPI, urging ministries and states to view it as a collaborative, two-way innovation and contribute relevant datasets to unlock its full potential.The meeting concluded with a shared commitment to digitally integrate government datasets, nominate nodal officers, digitise land and property records, and align other credit initiatives with ULI to build a unified national lending ecosystem.

Daily GK Update- 22nd June, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Mizoram Signs MoU With BHASHINI For Multilingual Governance: The Digital India BHASHINI Division (DIBD) and the Government of Mizoram signed an MoU to promote multilingual governance and empower the Mizo community through native language technology.Mizoram will adopt BHASHINI’s platform to enhance digital access, preserve its linguistic heritage, and promote inclusive digital governance across the state.The initiative will ensure government services, schemes, and information are accessible in the Mizo language, strengthening transparency and citizen participation.The collaboration includes developing AI models and datasets for Mizo, aiming to build culturally relevant translation tools for India’s multilingual digital ecosystem.A BHASHINI Rajyam workshop will be held in Aizawl to focus on program implementation, training, and deploying language technologies across state departments.

 

2. Foreign Direct Investment Trends in India 2024: In 2024, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into India remained stable at $28 billion. This figure was consistent with 2023 levels despite a global decline in FDI flows by 11%. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) brought into light India’s resilience in attracting investment, moving up to the 15th position in global FDI rankings. This article provides a detailed overview of the FDI landscape in India, focusing on key statistics and trends. India’s FDI inflows totalled $28 billion in 2024, unchanged from the previous year. This stability is notable given the broader global context where FDI flows decreased . The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade reported FDI equity inflows of $50 billion for the fiscal year 2024-25, marking a 13% increase.

 

3. QR Codes Enhance Road Maintenance Under PMGSY: The Union Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) initiated a new system to improve road maintenance under the Prime Minister Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY). The system involves attaching QR codes to maintenance information display boards for roads constructed under the scheme. This innovation aims to collect public feedback on road quality and maintenance. The Prime Minister Gram Sadak Yojana began on December 25, 2000. It was designed to enhance rural infrastructure through road construction. The programme has undergone multiple phases, with the first phase focusing on connecting unconnected habitations. Subsequent phases expanded the scope to include areas affected by Left Wing Extremism and aimed for all-weather road connectivity.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India’s Energy Transition Rank: 71st on WEF Index: The Digital India BHASHINI Division (DIBD) and the Government of Mizoram signed an MoU to promote multilingual governance and empower the Mizo community through native language technology.Mizoram will adopt BHASHINI’s platform to enhance digital access, preserve its linguistic heritage, and promote inclusive digital governance across the state.The initiative will ensure government services, schemes, and information are accessible in the Mizo language, strengthening transparency and citizen participation.The collaboration includes developing AI models and datasets for Mizo, aiming to build culturally relevant translation tools for India’s multilingual digital ecosystem.A BHASHINI Rajyam workshop will be held in Aizawl to focus on program implementation, training, and deploying language technologies across state departments.

 

2. India’s Energy Transition Rank: 71st on WEF Index: India ranked 71st out of 118 countries in the World Economic Forum’s Energy Transition Index 2025, showing progress in energy efficiency, investment capacity, and clean energy adoption, despite a drop from 63rd rank last year.India and China showed the most improvement among large economies, especially in energy access, regulatory reforms, and transition readiness, even as Sweden, Finland, and Denmark topped the index.India made notable progress in reducing energy intensity and methane emissions (CH₄), expanding renewable energy investments, and improving energy equity through better access in rural areas.The WEF emphasized that India, China, the US, EU, and Japan together control nearly 50% of global GDP and energy supply, giving them outsized influence on the global energy transition pace and direction.Continued focus on grid reliability, reducing import dependence, and boosting infrastructure, clean energy financing, and labour force development can significantly accelerate India’s energy transition journey.

 

3. Canada Hosts 51st G7 Summit in Kananaskis: Canada hosted the 51st G7 Summit in Kananaskis, Alberta, where leaders from the G7 nations—Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, and the US—along with the European Union, gathered for three days of high-level discussions.The summit affirmed the G7’s roots: it was founded as the G6 in 1975 in Rambouillet, France, with Canada joining in 1976; it later became the G8 in 1998, before Russia was expelled in 2014 following the annexation of Crimea, reverting the group to the G7.This was the seventh time Canada held the G7 presidency, and under Prime Minister Mark Carney, several non-G7 heads of state were invited as guests to participate in the event.The summit underscored the G7’s global economic significance: these nations collectively represented 44% of world GDP while comprising only 10% of the global population, highlighting their significant influence on international affairs.

 

4. 21 June – International Day of the Celebration of the Solstice: Observed annually on 21 June, the International Day of the Celebration of the Solstice marks the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere and the shortest in the Southern Hemisphere.Declared by the United Nations in 2019, the day recognises the cultural, spiritual, and ecological significance of solstices and equinoxes in various civilisations throughout history.Solstices hold a sacred place in many indigenous traditions, such as those of the Inca, Maya, and Vedic cultures, often symbolizing balance, renewal, and harmony with nature.The day promotes unity in diversity, encouraging respect for nature-based traditions and awareness about the interconnectedness of humanity and the environment.

 

5. 21 June – World Music Day: World Music Day, also known as Fête de la Musique, is celebrated every year on 21st June to honour the power of music and its ability to bring people together across cultures, languages, and borders.The first World Music Day was celebrated in France in 1982, initiated by the French Minister of Culture Jack Lang and composer Maurice Fleuret.

 

6. 21 June – World Hydrography Day: World Hydrography Day is observed every year on 21st June to raise awareness about the importance of hydrography and how it supports safe navigation, marine conservation, sustainable use of ocean resources, and coastal development.

Theme 2025 – Seabed Mapping: Enabling Ocean ActionIt is organized by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), which was established in 1921.World Hydrography Day was officially adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2005.

 

7. 22 June – World Rainforest Day: World Rainforest Day is observed every year on 22nd June to raise awareness about the vital role rainforests play in maintaining global ecological balance, combating climate change, and supporting biodiversity and indigenous communities.First observed in 2017, the day was launched by the Rainforest Partnership, a U.S.-based non-profit organisation.The goal was to highlight threats to rainforests, such as deforestation, illegal mining, and habitat loss, and to inspire global action to protect them.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

 

SPORTS 

 

1. India’s Maaya Rajeshwaran clinches women’s single ITF J200 Gladbeck title in Germany: In Tennis, India’s Maaya Rajeshwaran has clinched the women’s singles ITF J200 Gladbeck title in Germany. The 16-year-old defeated Switzerland’s Noelia Manta 6-2, 6-4 in the final. This triumph marks Maaya’s maiden ITF Junior title on European clay.Earlier in the semifinals, she defeated Daphnee Mpetshi Perricard of France 6-2, 6-1. It is Maaya’s seventh ITF Junior title overall. Her earlier titles include victories at J100 and J300 events.The J signifies Junior, and the number indicates the tournament’s grade, with higher numbers generally representing higher levels of competition and more ranking points.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. BSNL soft launches Quantum 5G FWA: BSNL soft-launched Quantum 5G FWA, in Hyderabad, offering India’s first SIM-less, fixed-wireless 5G solution with fibre-like speeds using 5G radio technology.The entire solution is 100% indigenous, developed under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative, with all components—core, RAN, and CPE—built by Indian vendors.Ameerpet recorded speeds of 980 Mbps download and 140 Mbps upload with sub-10 ms latency, and the device can be self-installed without trenching or fibre work.BSNL plans to expand pilots to six cities including Bengaluru and Pune by September 2025, with introductory tariffs starting at ₹999/month for 100 Mbps and ₹1499/month for 300 Mbps.

 

2. ISRO transfers SSLV tech to defence major HAL in a Rs. 511 crore deal: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) secured a ₹511 crore deal to manufacture ISRO’s Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) after emerging as the top bidder in a competitive process led by IN-SPACe.With this deal, HAL becomes the first Indian company to own, build, and commercialise a complete launch vehicle system, expected to produce 6–8 SSLVs annually for both domestic and international markets.The technology transfer agreement involves HAL, ISRO, NewSpace India Ltd (NSIL), and IN-SPACe, with ISRO offering full training and support for the first two SSLV rockets over the next two years.HAL won against consortia led by Adani Defence Systems’ Alpha Design Technologies and Bharat Dynamics; HAL’s share price surged 1.6% to ₹4,980 following the announcement.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. ICRA Projects Slight Dip in India’s GDP Growth to 6.2% for 2025-26: ICRA has forecast India’s GDP growth to dip slightly to 6.2% in 2025-26, down from 6.5% in the previous year, with real GVA growth also expected to ease to 6%.Inflation projections remain moderate, with CPI expected to stay above 3.5% and WPI over 1.8%, while the fiscal deficit is projected at 4.4% of GDP.

 

Daily GK Update- 21st June, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Delhi Gets Green Light for First-Ever Artificial Rain Pilot Project to Combat Air Pollution: Delhi has received official approval for its first-ever artificial rain (cloud seeding) pilot project, aimed at combating severe air pollution and managing weather conditions in the national capital.

The project is being spearheaded by the Delhi government in collaboration with IIT Kanpur,leveraging scientific techniques to artificially induce rainfall using cloud seeding methods.

The primary objective is to reduce toxic air pollution levels, especially during the winter months when smog and PM2.5 levels reach hazardous limits.Aircraft will be used to spray silver iodide or other cloud-seeding agents into moisture-laden clouds to trigger rainfall under suitable weather conditions.The pilot is expected to be conducted in late 2025, subject to cloud availability and meteorological approvals, marking a technological milestone in India’s environmental management efforts.

 

2. Sampath Kumar Becomes First Indian MD of Nippon Koei India: Sampath Kumar has been appointed as the Managing Director of Nippon Koei India (NKI), becoming the first Indian to hold this position at the wholly-owned subsidiary of Japan’s ID&E Holdings.Katsuya Fukasaku, the outgoing Managing Director, will now take over as Chairman of the company, as part of the leadership transition plan.With this appointment, NKI aims to expand its footprint across India, West Asia, and the Asia-Pacific region, leveraging Sampath Kumar’s 35+ years of experience in civil engineering and IT consultancy; he is an alumnus of IIT-BHU.

 

3. DGCA’s Comprehensive Special Audit Framework for Aviation: The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has introduced a new framework for conducting comprehensive special audits in India’s aviation sector. This initiative follows a tragic incident involving Air India’s flight AI171, which crashed shortly after take-off, leading to loss of life. The DGCA aims to enhance safety and compliance across the aviation ecosystem by moving from siloed assessments to integrated evaluations. The new audit framework is shift from traditional methods. Previously, safety assessments were conducted in isolation by different directorates within the DGCA. The new approach promotes a holistic evaluation of airlines, airports, maintenance firms, and training institutes. It aims to reflect both strengths and areas needing improvement in the aviation sector. The audits will focus on three main areas – the effectiveness of safety management systems (SMS), the robustness of operational practices, and compliance with regulatory provisions. This will involve multidisciplinary teams from various DGCA divisions, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation.

 

4. King Cobra Reintroduction Plans in Madhya Pradesh: King cobras are the world’s longest venomous snakes. Recently, a king cobra died in Bhopal’s Van Vihar zoo. This incident has sparked discussions on the reintroduction of king cobras in Madhya Pradesh. Chief Minister Mohan Yadav aims to address rising snakebite fatalities through this initiative. However, challenges exist regarding the feasibility and ecological implications of such plans. The king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) can reach lengths of up to 15 feet. It thrives in humid, dense forests and prefers habitats with ample undergrowth and water sources. In India, its range includes the Western Ghats, Northeast India, and parts of the Eastern Ghats. Recent reports indicate sightings in Chhattisgarh, raising hopes for their presence in neighbouring Madhya Pradesh.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Four Indian universities make to global top 100 in THE Impact rankings 2025: Four Indian universities have secured places in the Top 100 of the Times Higher Education (THE) Impact Rankings 2025, which assess global institutions on their contributions to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, ranked 41st, and Lovely Professional University (LPU), ranked 48th, are the only two Indian institutions to make it to the top 50 globally.Other Indian universities in the top 100 include JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research and Shoolini University, both ranked 96th.The rankings evaluate universities on parameters like research, outreach, and campus operations across SDGs such as climate action, clean energy, quality education, and gender equality.Amrita scored a perfect 100 in lifelong learning and water sustainability, while LPU ranked 5th globally for clean energy, 6th for sustainable cities, and 8th for zero hunger.While Western Sydney University (Australia) retained the top global spot, Asian universities — particularly from South Korea, Malaysia, and Indonesia — showed rising dominance in sustainability-driven higher education.

 

2. Professor Anantha Chandrakasan Becomes First Indian-American Provost of MIT: Professor Anantha Chandrakasan has been appointed as the first Indian-American Provost of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He will officially take charge from July 1, succeeding Cynthia Barnhart, who resigned earlier this year.Born in Chennai and later moving to the U.S., Chandrakasan earned his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences from UC Berkeley, and has held several key roles at MIT, including Dean of the School of Engineering since 2017.He has launched notable academic programs such as SuperUROP, Rising Stars for women, Postdoc6, and StartMIT, and leads a research group focused on energy-efficient circuits, secure hardware, and biomedical electronics.An IEEE Fellow and member of the National Academy of Engineering, he has received multiple prestigious awards, including the IEEE Donald O. Pederson Award, SIA University Researcher Award, and UC Berkeley EE Distinguished Alumni Award.

 

3. 20 June – World Refugee Day: World Refugee Day is observed every year on June 20 to raise awareness about the struggles faced by refugees globally and to promote empathy, inclusion, and support in host societies.Theme 2025 – For a World Where Refugees Are WelcomedRefugees are individuals who are forced to flee their homes due to conflict, persecution, violence, or human rights violations, often leaving behind everything they know in search of safety and dignity.

4. 21 June – International Yoga Day: International Yoga Day is celebrated every year on 21 June to raise global awareness about the physical, mental, and spiritual benefits of practicing yoga.Theme 2025 – Yoga for One Earth, One HealthThe day was officially declared by the United Nations in 2014, following a proposal by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and the first Yoga Day was celebrated on 21 June 2015.The date, 21 June, marks the summer solstice, the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere, symbolizing health, energy, and vitality.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. US Attacks Iran’s Nuclear Facilities: The recent military actions by the United States against Iran’s nuclear installations have escalated tensions in the Middle East. On June 22, 2025, President Donald Trump announced the obliteration of three nuclear sites – Fordow, Isfahan, and Natanz. These facilities are crucial for uranium enrichment, a process essential for both nuclear energy and weaponry. This situation raises concerns about nuclear safety, potential radiation leaks, and geopolitical ramifications. Nuclear bombs differ fundamentally from conventional explosives. Traditional bombs rely on chemical reactions that can be triggered by impact or heat. In contrast, nuclear bombs release energy through nuclear fission, which occurs under specific conditions. This process generates immense energy, resulting in blast waves and electromagnetic radiation. Nuclear detonations are designed to occur mid-air, maximising destructive potential.

 

2. Iran’s Fordow Nuclear Facility: The ongoing conflict between the United States, Israel, and Iran has intensified, particularly concerning Iran’s Fordow nuclear facility. This site, located approximately 95 km from Tehran, is crucial due to its advanced uranium enrichment capabilities. The situation escalated following recent Israeli airstrikes, which targeted various Iranian nuclear sites. As tensions rise, the possibility of direct US military intervention looms large. The Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant began construction in 2007 and became operational in 2009. It houses about 2,000 centrifuges that enrich uranium to 60%. This level of enrichment is step towards weapons-grade uranium, which requires 90% enrichment. The facility is deeply buried, making it resistant to conventional airstrikes.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Covid-19 Variant NB.1.8.1 : The Covid-19 pandemic continues to evolve with new variants. The recent emergence of the NB.1.8.1 variant, also known as ‘Nimbus’, has drawn attention due to its rapid spread, particularly in China and the United States. This variant is associated with a unique symptom referred to as a ‘razor blade’ throat, characterised by severe pain during swallowing. NB.1.8.1 is a descendant of the Omicron variant. As of May 23, 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified it as a SARS-CoV-2 variant under monitoring. This classification indicates that it is being tracked due to its increasing global presence. Despite its spread, WHO has assessed the additional public health risk posed by this variant as low. Symptoms of the NB.1.8.1 variant are similar to those of other Covid-19 strains. Common symptoms include fever, cough, runny nose, and tiredness. The distinct ‘razor blade’ throat symptom has been reported but its uniqueness remains uncertain. Current data suggest that this variant does not cause more severe illness than other circulating variants.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. 2.35 lakh houses approved under PMAY-Urban 2.0 in third CSMC meeting: The Central Sanctioning and Monitoring Committee (CSMC) has approved the construction of 2,34,864 houses under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban 2.0 (PMAY-U 2.0). The meeting was chaired by Srinivas Katikithala, Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA).

These houses have been sanctioned across 9 states—Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh—under the Beneficiary Led Construction (BLC) and Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP) components.With this new approval, the total sanctioned houses under PMAY-U 2.0 has reached 7,09,979, contributing to the government’s larger target of housing for all in urban areas.The scheme continues to promote women’s empowerment and inclusivity, with over 1.25 lakh houses sanctioned in the name of women, including single women and widows. Additionally, 44 houses have been approved for transgender persons.To enhance social equity, 42,400 houses have been sanctioned for SCs, 17,574 for STs, and over 1.13 lakh for OBCs, reinforcing PMAY-U’s focus on supporting marginalized communities.Under PMAY-U 2.0, eligible urban households—especially EWS, LIG, and MIG segments—can receive central assistance of up to ₹5 lakh per house. Over 93.19 lakh homes have already been completed and handed over, with the new version aiming to support 1 crore more families.

 

2. India and Cyprus Sign MoU to Launch UPI Services, Boosting Cross-Border Digital Payments: India and Cyprus signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to enable the introduction of UPI services in Cyprus, developed by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI).The MoU aims to facilitate real-time international digital payments via NPCI’s UPI platform, making transactions easier for tourists, businesses, and the Indian diaspora.This move is part of India’s broader vision to globalize NPCI’s UPI services, following similar agreements with countries like France, UAE, Singapore, and Sri Lanka.The agreement also focuses on strengthening cybersecurity and regulatory collaboration between NPCI and financial authorities in Cyprus to ensure safe digital payments.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. ‘Desi Oon’ Puts Indian Animation on Global Map with Historic Win at Annecy Festival 2025: ‘Desi Oon’, an animated film by renowned Indian filmmaker Suresh Eriyat, won the Jury Award for Best Commissioned Film at the prestigious Annecy International Animation Festival 2025 in France — a historic moment that spotlighted Indian animation on the global stage.The film emerged from the Create in India Challenge, an initiative by the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting under WAVES 2025, aimed at promoting India’s AVGC-XR ecosystem (Animation, VFX, Gaming, Comics & Extended Reality) and drawing participation from over 60 countries.In addition to the Annecy win, ‘Desi Oon’ was also awarded Best Film at the WAVES Awards of Excellence 2025, shortlisted at Cannes Lions 2025, and selected for archival at MoMA, New York through the AICP Show Winner 2025 honour.The film, produced by Studio Eeksaurus, has also secured major creative awards including 2 Blue Elephants & 1 Baby Black Elephant at the Kyoorius Creative Awards, and a D&AD Wooden Pencil for global design excellence — marking a new era for Indian animation internationally.