Daily GK Update- 14th Sept, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Fast Track Immigration Programme: The Fast Track Immigration-Trusted Traveller Programme (FTI-TTP) was launched by Union Home Minister Amit Shah in September 2025. This initiative accelerates immigration for pre-verified Indian nationals and Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) cardholders at designated airports. The programme aims to reduce waiting times and streamline immigration procedures in line with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of speed, scale and scope. After its initial launch in July 2024 at Indira Gandhi International Airport, the FTI-TTP was extended to seven major airports including Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Cochin and Ahmedabad. Recently, it was further expanded to five additional airports – Lucknow, Thiruvananthapuram, Tiruchirappalli, Kozhikode and Amritsar. The programme is planned to cover 21 major airports across India, including upcoming hubs like Navi Mumbai and Jewar.

 

2. Cyrtodactylus vanarakshaka: Recent research has identified a new bent-toed gecko species in the montane forests of central Assam’s Dima Hasao district. Named *Cyrtodactylus vanarakshaka*, this discovery marks Assam’s rich biodiversity and the critical role of forest conservation. The species belongs to the *Cyrtodactylus khasiensis* group, known for its unique morphology and limited geographical range. The species was found on the forested slopes of Jatinga in the Barail Hills, ecological transition zone. The name *vanarakshaka* comes from Sanskrit, meaning “forest protector”. It honours the Assam Forest Department for its dedication to preserving the region’s forests and wildlife. The naming also pays tribute to frontline staff who have sacrificed their lives in forest protection efforts. Researchers used both physical characteristics and molecular analysis to confirm the species. It exhibits distinct features that separate it from other members of the *Cyrtodactylus khasiensis* group. This group is known for high endemism, meaning species are often found only in specific, limited areas.

 

3. Red Ivy Plant: Recent research at the Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden & Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Kerala, has led to the development of a novel wound-healing pad. This innovation uses nanotechnology and a bioactive molecule from the red ivy plant (Strobilanthes alternata). The product promises efficient wound care with natural and synthetic components combined. Scientists at JNTBGRI identified acteoside, a powerful natural compound, in red ivy for the first time. Acteoside is known for its pharmacological properties but had not been linked to this plant before. This discovery underpins the wound pad’s healing effectiveness. The wound-healing pad features a multi-layered structure. It includes a thin electro-spun nanofibre layer made from biodegradable, non-toxic polymers. This layer ensures gas exchange, allowing the wound to breathe. Acteoside is incorporated at a low concentration of 0.2%, alongside the antibiotic neomycin sulfate. The polymers used are FDA-approved, ensuring safety and compatibility.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Brazil’s Supreme Court Sentences Former President Jair Bolsonaro to 27 Years in Prison for Coup Plot: Brazil’s Supreme Court sentenced zto 27 years and 3 months in prison for plotting a coup to stay in power after losing the 2022 election, making him the first ex-president in the country’s history convicted for attacking democracy.A panel of five justices delivered the verdict, with four voting to convict him on multiple charges including organising a coup, attempting to violently abolish democracy, and taking part in an armed criminal organisation, while one judge voted to acquit.Justice Carmen Lucia said the case reflected Brazil’s past, present, and future, noting strong evidence that Bolsonaro acted with the purpose of eroding democracy and institutions.

 

2. India Backs UN Resolution on Palestine Two-State Solution: India recently voted in favour of a United Nations General Assembly resolution endorsing the New York Declaration. This resolution calls for a peaceful settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict through the implementation of a two-state solution. The resolution was adopted with 142 countries supporting, 10 opposing, and 12 abstaining. India’s vote reflects its longstanding foreign policy stance supporting Palestinian self-determination and dialogue-based peace. The New York Declaration was introduced by France and co-chaired with Saudi Arabia during a high-level UN conference in July 2025. It aims to end violence in Gaza and establish a sovereign Palestinian state alongside Israel. The declaration urges collective international action for a lasting peace in the region. India’s vote aligns with the majority of nations advocating the two-state solution. It reaffirms India’s commitment to peaceful dialogue and the rights of Palestinians. India’s stance reinforces its balanced approach to Middle East diplomacy, seeking stability and justice through negotiation rather than conflict.

 

3. NASA Finds Potential Biosignatures on Mars Surface: NASA’s Mars rover Perseverance has discovered the strongest signs yet that life might have existed on Mars. In 2024, the rover analysed a rock named Cheyava Falls and detected chemical and structural features suggesting possible ancient microbial activity. This discovery has sparked global interest in extraterrestrial life. However, the evidence remains inconclusive and requires further study. The rover found the Cheyava Falls rock during its exploration. Instruments detected clay, silt, organic carbon, sulphur, oxidised iron, and phosphorus in the sample. These materials on Earth often preserve signs of past microbial life. The rock’s chemical makeup hints at electron-transfer reactions that microbes use to generate energy. This combination is a potential biosignature. Biosignatures are objects or structures indicating possible biological origin. They may form by living organisms or through non-biological processes. The substances found could have been created without life, making the evidence ambiguous. Scientists must distinguish between biological and abiotic origins to confirm life’s presence.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. SAMBHAV Secures Military Communications: India has made leap in defence technology with the deployment of SAMBHAV, its first fully indigenous secure mobile communication system. This development was prominently showcased during Operation Sindoor in 2025. The Indian Army used SAMBHAV-enabled smartphones instead of foreign apps, ensuring secure and encrypted communication free from external surveillance. This marks a milestone in India’s journey towards technological sovereignty and digital security in defence. Operation Sindoor was a critical military operation where the Indian Army relied solely on the SAMBHAV ecosystem. The Army Chief, General Upendra Dwivedi, confirmed that foreign communication apps like WhatsApp were completely replaced by the homegrown M-Sigma app running on SAMBHAV devices. This ensured that sensitive command and control messages remained confidential and immune to hacking or interception. The operation demonstrated the effectiveness of combining strategic planning with robust indigenous technology.

 

2. Exercise Siyom Prahar: The Indian Army recently conducted Exercise Siyom Prahar from 8 to 10 September 2025 in Arunachal Pradesh. This major field training exercise focused on validating the use of drone technology in modern tactical operations. Held in realistic battlefield conditions, the exercise marked a key milestone in enhancing operational preparedness by integrating drones across various combat roles. Exercise Siyom Prahar aimed to test and develop new tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) for future battlefields. The primary goal was to ensure drones could be seamlessly employed alongside traditional forces. The exercise emphasised the need for rapid decision-making and effective integration of drone data with conventional firepower. Drones were used for persistent surveillance and battlefield reconnaissance. They also played roles in target acquisition and precision strikes. This wide scope demonstrated the transformative impact of unmanned aerial systems in improving combat effectiveness and situational awareness.

 

3. INS Aravali: The Indian Navy commissioned INS Aravali, a new shore-based facility in Gurugram, in September 2025. This base enhances India’s maritime domain awareness and information warfare capabilities. Positioned in the National Capital Region, INS Aravali acts as a critical node in the Navy’s command and control network. It embodies technological advancement and strategic collaboration across oceans, reinforcing India’s maritime security posture. INS Aravali is located in Gurugram, a key area within the National Capital Region. This strategic placement supports the Navy’s information and communication centres. It strengthens the Navy’s command network by linking various naval platforms and allied partners. The base is vital for real-time maritime awareness and operational resilience.

 

 

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Albania Appoints World’s First AI-Generated Minister to Fight Corruption: Albania has appointed the world’s first AI-generated government minister named Diella, with the aim of making the nation corruption-free.Prime Minister Edi Rama added Diella as a digital minister in his cabinet, responsible for overseeing public tenders.Diella will ensure 100% transparency and corruption-free procedures in public fund tenders.Since its launch, Diella has been presented as a woman wearing traditional Albanian attire and has been assisting people with navigating government services online.

 

2. DeFi Risks and Regulation Amid Growing Global Adoption: Decentralised Finance (DeFi) has seen rapid global growth by 2025. It offers innovative financial services without traditional banks. However, concerns have risen about its misuse for illicit activities, especially terrorist financing. This calls for urgent regulatory attention and risk management. By mid-2025, DeFi users reached 14.2 million wallets worldwide. The market is projected to grow from $30.07 billion in 2024 to $178.63 billion by 2029 at a 43% annual rate. India ranks third in DeFi value according to the 2024 Global Crypto Adoption Index. DeFi platforms use blockchain technology to offer services such as savings, lending, remittances, and insurance via smart contracts and decentralised applications. DeFi operates without intermediaries like banks. Transactions happen peer-to-peer through smart contracts on blockchains. Users access DeFi via digital wallets that often require minimal or no identity verification. Multiple wallets can be created easily without providing personal details such as phone numbers or emails. This anonymity facilitates fast access but also creates vulnerabilities.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. India Explores Isobutanol Blending With Diesel Fuel: India is advancing its biofuel strategy by testing 10% isobutanol blends with diesel. The Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) is conducting trials after ethanol-diesel blends failed to meet expectations. This shift aims to boost energy security, support farmers, and reduce fossil fuel imports. Ethanol blending has been a key biofuel policy in India, especially in petrol. The country achieved 20% ethanol blending ahead of schedule. However, ethanol’s use with diesel faced technical barriers. Its corrosive nature and water absorption caused engine and pipeline issues. Despite this, ethanol blending raised farmer incomes . Corn prices doubled due to increased ethanol demand, benefiting rural economies. Isobutanol is a four-carbon alcohol used industrially as a solvent. It offers higher energy density than ethanol, closer to diesel’s energy content. It absorbs less water, reducing corrosion risks. These traits make it a promising diesel blend component. Isobutanol can also be used as a standalone fuel or mixed with compressed natural gas (CNG) for agricultural machinery.

 

2. UK-India Infrastructure Financing Bridge: The UK-India Infrastructure Financing Bridge (UKIIFB) marked its first anniversary in September 2025. The initiative, launched jointly by the Indian and U.K. governments in 2024, aims to boost infrastructure investment in India. Despite initial project delays, the focus has shifted to eight strategic recommendations to de-risk investments. The second year emphasises renewable energy and improving India’s global competitiveness in infrastructure finance. UKIIFB was created to channel investments into India’s infrastructure sector. India requires $2 trillion by 2030 to meet its infrastructure needs. The initiative is led by the City of London Corporation from the U.K. side and NITI Aayog from India. It aims to attract global investors by addressing risks and inefficiencies in Indian infrastructure projects. The first year revealed that initial projects were dropped. The main challenges include regulatory complexity, operational risks, and limited competition. The infrastructure sector is dominated by a few large firms, reducing innovation and efficiency. India’s procurement processes need alignment with global standards like the U.K.’s Five Case Model. Transparency and predictability in construction remain concerns for investors.

Daily GK Update- 13th Sept, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Pralhad Joshi Inaugurates 1st Green Hydrogen R&D Conference: Union Minister of New & Renewable Energy, Pralhad Joshi, inaugurated the 1st Annual Green Hydrogen R&D Conference in New Delhi.Launched a ₹100 crore Call for Proposals to support start-ups in hydrogen innovation, offering up to ₹5 crore per project.25 start-ups showcased advanced solutions like electrolyser manufacturing, AI-driven optimisation, and biological hydrogen production.Joshi highlighted the role of the National Green Hydrogen Mission (2023) in driving clean energy, job creation, and making India a global hub for green hydrogen.

 

2. Piyush Goyal Inaugurates Bihar’s First APEDA Regional Office to Boost Agri-Exports: Union Commerce & Industry Minister Piyush Goyal inaugurated Bihar’s first APEDA regional office in Patna during the Bihar Idea Festival, aiming to boost the state’s global agri-export footprint.The office will provide exporters direct access to APEDA services such as registration, certification, advisory support, market intelligence, and infrastructure development (earlier dependent on Varanasi office).A 7-metric-ton consignment of GI-tagged Mithila Makhana was flagged off to New Zealand, Canada, and the USA, led by woman entrepreneur Neha Arya (Nehashi), highlighting women-led agri-trade.Bihar, home to GI-tagged products like Shahi Litchi, Jardalu Mango, Mithila Makhana, and Magahi Pan, has expanded exports to the UAE, USA, and beyond, with APEDA enhancing training, packaging, and buyer-seller meets.

 

3. Mizoram’s First Railway Line: The inauguration of Mizoram’s first railway line marks a historic milestone in India’s northeastern infrastructure development. The Bairabi–Sairang broad-gauge railway, spanning 51.38 km, was opened by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2025. This project is a key enabler of the government’s Act East Policy and enhances connectivity for the region’s capital, Aizawl, linking it directly to India’s vast railway network for the first time. The railway line was sanctioned in 2008-09 and construction began in 2015. It cost approximately Rs 8,070 crore. The route includes 45 tunnels, 55 major bridges, and 87 minor bridges. About 54% of the alignment runs through tunnels and bridges, reflecting the difficult terrain. Bridge No. 144 near Sairang stands as the tallest pier railway bridge in India at 114 metres. Engineers faced complex Himalayan geology, including the need to stabilise loose sand into rock for tunnel safety.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Australia Approves World’s First Chlamydia Vaccine to Protect Endangered Koalas: Australia’s regulator approved the world’s first vaccine to protect koalas from chlamydia, a disease causing infertility and death.The single-dose vaccine was developed by the University of the Sunshine Coast after over a decade of research led by Prof. Peter Timms.Trials showed the vaccine reduced chlamydia symptoms and cut mortality in wild koala populations by at least 65%.The approval allows use of the vaccine in wildlife hospitals, veterinary clinics, and field programs to protect vulnerable koalas.Koalas are listed as endangered in Queensland, New South Wales, and the ACT, facing threats from both habitat loss and chlamydia infections.

 

2. Albania Appoints World’s First AI-Generated Minister to Fight Corruption: Albania has appointed the world’s first AI-generated government minister named Diella, with the aim of making the nation corruption-free.Prime Minister Edi Rama added Diella as a digital minister in his cabinet, responsible for overseeing public tenders. Diella will ensure 100% transparency and corruption-free procedures in public fund tenders. Since its launch, Diella has been presented as a woman wearing traditional Albanian attire and has been assisting people with navigating government services online.

 

3. Brazil’s Supreme Court Sentences Former President Jair Bolsonaro to 27 Years in Prison for Coup Plot: Brazil’s Supreme Court sentenced zto 27 years and 3 months in prison for plotting a coup to stay in power after losing the 2022 election, making him the first ex-president in the country’s history convicted for attacking democracy. A panel of five justices delivered the verdict, with four voting to convict him on multiple charges including organising a coup, attempting to violently abolish democracy, and taking part in an armed criminal organisation, while one judge voted to acquit.Justice Carmen Lucia said the case reflected Brazil’s past, present, and future, noting strong evidence that Bolsonaro acted with the purpose of eroding democracy and institutions.

 

4. Sushila Karki appointed as interim PM of Nepal: Sushila Karki, Nepal’s first woman Chief Justice (2016–2017), will be sworn in as the head of the interim government after PM KP Sharma Oli’s resignation amid youth-led protests.Her appointment has the backing of the Gen-Z protest movement, citing her neutrality and credibility.Nepal’s parliament has been dissolved amid protests against corruption and instability; leaders condemned violence and appealed for medical support for those injured.

 

5. 12 September – International Day for South-South Cooperation: International Day for South-South Cooperation is observed every year on 12 September. The Day is coordinated by the United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation (UNOSSC).It commemorates the adoption of the Buenos Aires Plan of Action (BAPA) for Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries in 1978.It aims to promote solidarity, knowledge-sharing, and collective self-reliance among Global South nations to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

 

6. 13 September – International Chocolate Day: International Chocolate Day is celebrated every year on 13th September to honour one of the world’s most loved treats – chocolate.The date coincides with the birthday of Milton S. Hershey, founder of The Hershey Chocolate Company.The day is marked worldwide by chocolate lovers, brands, and bakers with promotions, awareness, and celebrations around the cultural and economic importance of chocolate.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. India to Host 5th Coast Guard Global Summit 2027 in Chennai During Swarnim Jayanti: India has won the bid to host the 5th Coast Guard Global Summit 2027 in Chennai, which will coincide with the Indian Coast Guard’s Swarnim Jayanti celebrations.The announcement was made at the 4th Coast Guard Global Summit in Rome, Italy, where Director General Paramesh Sivamani led the Indian delegation.The 2027 summit will be attended by participants from 115 countries and organisations and will feature a fleet review and World Coast Guard Seminar.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. India’s Urban Sustainability Challenges and SDG 11 Progress: India’s ranking in the Sustainable Development Report (SDR) 2025 improved to 99th among 167 countries. Yet, urban sustainability under Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11) remains a major challenge. SDG 11 aims for cities that are inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. India’s progress on key urban indicators has been slow or negative. This marks persistent issues in urban living conditions, infrastructure and governance. Urban poor face high exposure to pollution and climate risks. Cities suffer from flooding and landslides during monsoons. Poor infrastructure and lack of amenities worsen impacts. Loss of income and health issues hit the urban poor hardest. Resilience building remains inadequate, increasing their vulnerability to extreme weather events. Urban development is a state subject with limited city autonomy. States control urban policies and funds. Despite increased budgets, service deficits persist. Cities lack revenue powers and struggle financially. Over half of municipal corporations fail to cover half of their expenses from own revenues. Smaller cities face severe financial challenges and cannot attract private investment or access capital markets.

 

2. AI-Based Monsoon Forecasting: The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare (MoAFW) has pioneered the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to provide early and accurate monsoon forecasts to farmers across India. Recently, nearly 3.8 crore farmers in 13 states received AI-based monsoon predictions via SMS through the m-Kisan platform. This advance warning, up to four weeks before rains, helps farmers make better decisions about crop selection, sowing time, and resource management. The initiative marks a global first in targeted AI weather forecasting aimed directly at improving agricultural outcomes. Since 2022, AI has transformed weather prediction by improving accuracy and customising forecasts for specific user needs. Advanced models can now forecast complex phenomena such as the Indian monsoon weeks ahead. The Ministry’s forecasts combined Google’s Neural GCM and ECMWF’s Artificial Intelligence Forecasting Systems (AIFS). These models outperformed traditional forecasts in predicting local monsoon onset, enabling timely and reliable information for farmers.

 

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. India’s Retail Inflation Rises to 2.07% in August: India’s retail inflation rose to 07% in August (up 46 basis points from July’s 1.61%), remaining well within the RBI’s 4% target.Rural inflation stood at 1.69%, while urban inflation was higher at 2.47% in August, as per MoSPI data.Food inflation (CFPI) stayed negative for the third straight month at -0.69%, with pressures from vegetables, meat & fish, oils & fats, eggs, and personal care items.

 

2. NPCI Announces New UPI P2M Transaction Limit, To Take Effect September 15: The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has revised the UPI limit for Person-to-Merchant (P2M) transactions to ₹10 lakh per day for selected verified categories, effective from September 15.This change aims to make high-value digital payments more convenient and secure for Indian users, according to NPCI’s circular issued last month.The UPI limit for Person-to-Person (P2P) transfers remains unchanged at ₹1 lakh per day.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Manmohan Singh Posthumously Honoured With PV Narasimha Rao Award For Economic Contributions: Late former Prime Minister and renowned economist Dr Manmohan Singh has been posthumously conferred the P V Narasimha Rao Memorial Award for Economics for his contributions to India’s economic transformation and nation-building.The award was received on his behalf by his wife, Gursharan Kaur, from the Hyderabad-based PV Narasimha Rao Memorial Foundation (PVNMF).The award was conferred by Montek Singh Ahluwalia, former deputy chairman of the erstwhile Planning Commission and distinguished fellow at the Centre for Social and Economic Progress. The award was instituted by the PVNMF to recognise outstanding contributions in economics.

Daily GK Update- 12th Sept, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Anupriya Patel Inaugurates National VRDL Conclave in New Delhi: Minister of State for Health, Anupriya Patel, inaugurated the National Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (VRDL) Conclave in New Delhi.She launched the In-Vitro Diagnostics (IVD) validation portal and protocols, aimed at ensuring faster, transparent, and industry-friendly validation processes.Addressing scientists from 165 VRDLs, she highlighted their crucial role during the COVID-19 pandemic, including virus sequencing and validating nearly 1,700 diagnostic commodities.

 

2. PM Modi participates in Gyan Bharatam Conference tomorrow in New Delhi: PM Narendra Modi has participated in the International Conference on Gyan Bharatm in New Delhi and launched the Gyan Bharatam Portal for manuscript digitisation, preservation, and public access.

The three-day conference is being held under the theme “Reclaiming India’s Knowledge Legacy through Manuscript Heritage”.The event brings together scholars, conservationists, technologists, and policy experts to discuss ways of revitalising India’s manuscript heritage and positioning it in the global knowledge dialogue.An exhibition of rare manuscripts along with sessions on conservation, digitisation, metadata, legal frameworks, cultural diplomacy, and decipherment of ancient scripts is also part of the conference.

 

3. Dr. Geetha Vani Rayasam Takes Charge as Director of CSIR-NIScPR: Geetha Vani Rayasam has assumed charge as the new Director of CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (NIScPR).She emphasized the institute’s role in shaping national and international STI policy by adopting innovative approaches aligned with current needs.Under the theme “Connecting the Unconnected”, she envisioned NIScPR as a role model for the Global South and global S&T community.

 

4. Gujarat Governor Acharya Devvrat given additional charge of Maharashtra: Gujarat Governor Acharya Devvrat has been given additional charge of Maharashtra after former Governor C.P. Radhakrishnan resigned following his election as Vice-President of India.The appointment order was issued by President Droupadi Murmu, and C.P. Radhakrishnan will be sworn in as Vice-President on September 12, 2025, in New Delhi.Acharya Devvrat (66), a former educator and Arya Samaj pracharak, has been Governor of Gujarat since 2019 and previously served as principal of a Gurukul in Kurukshetra, Haryana.

 

5. Sony Pictures Networks India Appoints Gaurav Laghate as Head of PR and Corporate Communications: Sony Pictures Networks India (SPNI) has appointed Gaurav Laghate as its new Head of PR and Corporate Communications, effective September 2025.Gaurav Laghate, with over 17 years of experience in journalism, will report directly to Gaurav Banerjee, MD & CEO of SPNI.

SPNI highlights that Laghate’s journalism background and strategic perspective will enhance the company’s narrative, stakeholder engagement, and leadership team.

 

6. CP Radhakrishnan Sworn in as India’s 17th Vice President: CP Radhakrishnan sworn in as India’s 15th Vice President, with President Droupadi Murmu administering the oath at Rashtrapati Bhavan.Radhakrishnan secured 452 votes against Opposition candidate B. Sudershan Reddy (300 votes), following Jagdeep Dhankhar’s resignation due to health reasons.Before the oath, Radhakrishnan resigned as Maharashtra Governor; Gujarat Governor Acharya Devvrat given additional charge.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Irfaan Ali Re-Elected as Guyana’s President for Second Term: Irfaan Ali re-elected as President of Guyana for a second term, securing a mandate to manage the nation’s oil-driven economic boom.Guyana, with a population of 800,000, has earned $7.5 billion from oil sales and royalties since offshore production began in 2019.Re-election comes amid a territorial dispute with Venezuela, while Guyana emerges as one of the world’s fastest-growing economies.

 

2. Albania Inducts World’s First AI Minister: Albania became the first country to formally induct an artificial intelligence (AI) entity as a government minister. The AI minister, named Diella, is a virtual official created entirely from code and pixels. It was appointed to oversee public procurement and fight corruption in government spending. This pioneering move marks a new chapter in the use of AI within public administration. On 11 September 2025, Albanian Prime Minister Edi Rama revealed Diella at the Socialist Party’s assembly in Tirana. Unlike a traditional minister, Diella is not a human but a digital avatar powered by AI technology. It is the only non-human member of the Albanian government. The AI minister handles procurement tasks, including evaluating and awarding public tenders where the government contracts private firms.

 

3. UK-India Infrastructure Financing Bridge: The UK-India Infrastructure Financing Bridge (UKIIFB) marked its first anniversary in September 2025. The initiative, launched jointly by the Indian and U.K. governments in 2024, aims to boost infrastructure investment in India. Despite initial project delays, the focus has shifted to eight strategic recommendations to de-risk investments. The second year emphasises renewable energy and improving India’s global competitiveness in infrastructure finance. UKIIFB was created to channel investments into India’s infrastructure sector. India requires $2 trillion by 2030 to meet its infrastructure needs. The initiative is led by the City of London Corporation from the U.K. side and NITI Aayog from India. It aims to attract global investors by addressing risks and inefficiencies in Indian infrastructure projects.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

 

DEFENCE

 

1. Indian Navy to Commission INS Aravali in Gurugram: The Indian Navy will commission INS Aravali at Gurugram, named after the Aravali mountain range, to enhance maritime security.INS Aravali is designed to strengthen the Navy’s information and communication infrastructure, supporting command, control, and Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA).The commissioning ceremony will be presided over by Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Dinesh K. Tripathi.

 

2. US Hellfire Missile Fails Against UFO: Recent developments have stunned Washington after a US Hellfire missile reportedly bounced off an unidentified flying object (UFO) near Yemen. The incident was revealed during a 2025 congressional hearing on unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAPs). The footage, captured by an MQ-9 Reaper drone in October 2024, shows a missile striking a glowing orb but failing to detonate or damage the object. This event has raised urgent questions about the capabilities of US military technology and the nature of UAPs. In October 2024, an MQ-9 Reaper drone tracked a luminous orb off Yemen’s coast. Upon missile launch, the Hellfire missile struck the orb but deflected without explosion. The object remained unaffected and continued its path. The video was declassified and presented in a congressional hearing, drawing strong reactions from lawmakers and experts.

 

SPORTS

 

1. Saudi Arabia Launches First Dedicated Women’s Sports Channel in Partnership with AWSN: All Women’s Sports Network (AWSN), co-founded by Whoopi Goldberg, has partnered with Saudi Sports Company to launch a 24-hour dedicated women’s sports channel, “SSC AWSN,” available via MBC Shahid.The launch coincides with the Saudi Women’s Premier League season, which will be broadcast domestically and internationally for the first time, featuring players from more than 20 nationalities.The initiative, supported by Princess Reema Bandar Al Saud, aims to give global recognition to Saudi women’s sports and aligns with the Vision 2030 agenda to diversify the economy and promote women’s participation.

 

2. ICC Launches ‘Will to Win’ Campaign Ahead of Women’s Cricket World Cup 2025 in India and Sri Lanka: The International Cricket Council (ICC) launched its flagship ‘Will to Win’ campaign ahead of the ICC Women’s Cricket World Cup 2025, co-hosted by India and Sri Lanka.

The campaign film was released alongside the opening of the general ticket window, showcasing the determination, sacrifice, and resilience of women’s cricket.The 13th Women’s World Cup will be held from 30 September to 2 November 2025, with the opening match between India and Sri Lanka in Guwahati.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. TCIL Signs MoU with PNB to Strengthen IT Infrastructure and Accelerate Digital Transformation: Telecommunications Consultants India Limited (TCIL) signed an MoU with Punjab National Bank (PNB) to strengthen PNB’s IT infrastructure and accelerate its digital transformation journey.The MoU was signed at TCIL Headquarters, New Delhi, in the presence of TCIL CMD Sanjeev Kumar and PNB GM Manish Agrawal, along with senior executives of both organisations.TCIL will provide expertise in IT consultancy, project management, and regulatory-compliant technology deployment, including RFP lifecycle management, system integration, and infrastructure rollout to enhance PNB’s digital services.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. India, ADB Ink $126 Million Loan Pact to Boost Sustainable Tourism in Uttarakhand: India and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) signed a $126 million loan agreement to promote sustainable tourism in Uttarakhand.The project focuses on Tehri Garhwal District, aiming to support one of the state’s most climate-vulnerable and economically disadvantaged regions.It will benefit 87,000 residents and 2.7 million annual visitors through better tourism planning, upgraded infrastructure, improved sanitation, waste management, and disaster preparedness.

 

2. Injeti Srinivas Appointed as Chairman of National Stock Exchange: Injeti Srinivas, former chairman of the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA), has been appointed as Chairman of the National Stock Exchange (NSE).A 1983-batch IAS officer of Odisha cadre, Srinivas has over 40 years of experience in corporate and financial regulation, governance, public policy, international cooperation, and institutional reforms.Srinivas has held key positions including Corporate Affairs Secretary, Union Sports Secretary, DG of Sports Authority of India, and has led initiatives like Khelo India, served on boards of SEBI and LIC, and participated in international assignments with the UN.

Daily GK Update- 11th Sept, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. 11 September – National Forest Martyrs Day: September 11 is observed as National Forest Martyrs Day to remember the forest personnel who laid down their lives in the line of duty.The day honors their courage, sacrifice, and commitment towards protecting India’s forests and wildlife.It highlights the risks and challenges forest officers face, including encounters with poachers and natural hazards.National Forest Martyrs Day also serves to promote awareness of forest conservation and the importance of safeguarding biodiversity.

 

2. Kerala’s Maternal Mortality Ratio: Kerala’s maternal mortality ratio (MMR) has recently risen from 18 to 30 per 100,000 live births, according to the Sample Registration System (SRS) bulletin for 2021-2023. This increase follows the impact of COVID-19 related maternal deaths and reflects demographic changes in the State. Kerala and Andhra Pradesh now share the lowest MMR among state of Indias despite this rise. Kerala’s MMR was steady around 30-32 per 100,000 live births from 2014 to 2019. The sudden spike to 51 in 2021-22 was due to 220 maternal deaths linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. The latest data shows a decline in live births, affecting MMR calculations. While maternal deaths remain fairly stable, fewer live births increase the ratio. Kerala’s annual live births dropped from 5 to 5.5 lakh in previous years to under 4 lakh recently. In 2023, live births numbered 3,93,231 and are expected to fall to around 3.54 lakh by 2024-25. The MMR is calculated by dividing maternal deaths by live births and multiplying by 100,000. A declining denominator with steady maternal deaths naturally raises the ratio.

 

3. India Achieves Major Milestone In Literacy 2025: India marked achievement in literacy in 2025. The Ministry of Education celebrated International Literacy Day with the theme Promoting Literacy in the Digital Era. Himachal Pradesh became the fifth State/UT to attain full functional literacy. This follows Tripura, Mizoram, Goa and Ladakh. The event brought into light India’s rising literacy rate and the expanding definition of literacy in the modern age. India’s literacy rate increased from 74% in 2011 to 80.9% in 2023-24. This progress was largely driven by the ULLAS Nav Bharat Saaksharta Karyakram. Over three crore learners enrolled and 42 lakh volunteers mobilised under this programme. Nearly 1.83 crore learners have been assessed for foundational literacy and numeracy. The government emphasised literacy as empowerment, dignity and self-reliance beyond just reading and writing.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. NCEL and APEDA Join Hands to Boost Cooperative-Led Agricultural Exports and Strengthen Farmers’ Global Market Access: National Co-operative Exports Limited (NCEL) and the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) signed an MoU to boost cooperative-led agricultural exports.The partnership will focus on training, capacity building, quality compliance, international branding, market intelligence, and commodity-specific export strategies, helping farmers secure better value and global market access.By integrating NCEL’s extensive cooperative network with APEDA’s export facilitation and infrastructure, the MoU aims to build a resilient export ecosystem, enhance rural livelihoods, and reinforce India’s cooperative movement in line with the National Cooperation Policy.

 

2. Dharmendra Pradhan Inaugurates India’s First Overseas Atal Innovation Centre at IIT Delhi–Abu Dhabi: Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan inaugurated India’s first overseas Atal Innovation Centre at the IIT Delhi–Abu Dhabi campus during his two-day visit to the UAE.Two academic programs were launched at the campus: a Ph.D. in Energy and Sustainability and a B.Tech in Chemical Engineering, promoting research and innovation.Minister Pradhan held talks with Sara Musallam, Chairperson of ADEK, to strengthen educational cooperation, including Indian curriculum schools, Atal Innovation Labs, student exchanges, and teacher exchange programs.

 

3. World Bank Approves $212.64 Million Loan for Coastal Resilience and Eco-Tourism in Tamil Nadu & Karnataka: The World Bank approved a $212.64 million loan under the first phase of the SHORE Programme to support coastal communities in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, with a maturity of 23 years (including 6.5 years grace period).The project will benefit around 100,000 people through skill development, eco-tourism, and waste management, including training 70,000 people (especially women) in sustainable tourism and related sectors.Conservation efforts include restoring 30,000 hectares of seascapes with mangroves, sand dunes, and hybrid infrastructure, while also funding plastic waste reduction and public awareness campaigns to benefit about 120,000 people.

 

4. Abhishek Maheshwari Appointed MD & CEO of International Asset Reconstruction Company: International Asset Reconstruction Company appointed Abhishek Maheshwari as its new Managing Director & CEO.He has 20+ years of expertise in distressed debt management, collections, and recovery across global markets.Maheshwari is an IET Lucknow B.Tech graduate and IIM Bangalore MBA, with leadership experience in India, US, UK, Europe, and Asia-Pacific.

 

5. 11 September – World First Aid Day: World First Aid Day is observed every year on 11 September.Objective – To raise awareness about the vital role of first aid in preventing injuries and saving lives.Theme 2025 – First Aid and Climate ChangeEstablished by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), this annual event takes place on the second Saturday of September.

 

 

 

OTHER UPDATES:

 

DEFENCE

 

1. Indian Armed Forces contingent leaves for multilateral exercise ZAPAD 2025 in Russia: An Indian Armed Forces contingent of 65 personnel (57 Army, 7 Air Force, 1 Navy) departed for Russia to participate in the multilateral joint military exercise ZAPAD 2025 at Mulino Training Ground, Nizhniy, from September 10 to 16.The Army team is led by a battalion of the Kumaon Regiment, supported by troops from other arms and services, to represent India in the exercise.

ZAPAD 2025 aims to enhance military cooperation and interoperability, focusing on joint company-level operations, mission planning, tactical drills, conventional warfare, counter-terrorism, and integration of emerging technologies in a multinational environment.

 

2. Indian Army Leads Major Flood Relief Operations 2025: The Indian Army’s Western Command has been at the forefront of extensive Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) missions in flood-affected regions of Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, and Jammu and Kashmir. Since mid-August 2025, the Army has executed 82 relief missions, evacuating over 6,000 people and delivering essential supplies to devastated communities. These efforts demonstrate a well-coordinated response to one of the season’s worst natural disasters in northern India. The Army deployed 59 columns including 17 Engineer Task Forces to assist flood victims. More than 13,000 people received medical aid including emergency evacuation of critical cases. Supplies such as medicines, water, and 48 tons of rations were delivered through air drops and ground transport. Air assets included Advanced Light Helicopters, MI 17s, Cheetah helicopters, and a Chinook, flying over 250 hours to support relief.

 

SPORTS

 

1. Verstappen Secures First Victory Since May at 2025 Italian Grand Prix: Max Verstappen won the Italian Grand Prix 2025 (Monza), marking his first victory since May and his third win of the season, after also setting the fastest lap in Formula 1 history to secure pole position.McLaren drivers Lando Norris and Oscar Piastri finished second and third respectively, with Norris narrowing the title race gap to Piastri to 31 points.Ferrari’s Charles Leclerc secured fourth place, while Lewis Hamilton delivered a strong comeback drive to finish sixth.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. India Launches World’s First Digital Tribal University ‘Adi Sanskriti’: Minister of State for Tribal Affairs Durgadas Uikey launched the world’s first Digital Tribal University, Adi Sanskriti, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.Adi Sanskriti is a digital academy and e-learning platform with an online marketplace for tribal art, culture, crafts, and knowledge systems for both national and global audiences.The initiative aims to preserve tribal heritage, create livelihood opportunities, and empower communities while promoting dignity and cultural preservation at the grassroots level.

 

2. ISRO Transfers SSLV Technology to HAL in Landmark 100th Agreement to Boost India’s Space Industry: ISRO signed a technology transfer agreement with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) on September 10, 2025, for the production of Small Satellite Launch Vehicles (SSLVs), marking the 100th technology transfer facilitated by INSPACe.The agreement, signed in Bengaluru with participation from NSIL and INSPACe, aims to complete the technology transfer within 24 months, with ISRO providing training and technical support to HAL.HAL, which outbid an Adani Group–backed consortium, will acquire full know-how to independently build SSLVs for both domestic and international markets, strengthening India’s space manufacturing ecosystem.

Leaders from ISRO, INSPACe, and HAL emphasized that the collaboration will boost India’s self-reliance in space technology, create a hub for affordable, reliable small-satellite launches, and open new opportunities in the commercial space sector.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. PhonePe Partners with Sidbi to Drive Digital Udyam Assist Registration for Micro Enterprises: PhonePe signed an MoU with Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) to provide end-to-end digital Udyam Assist registration services for micro enterprises and merchants.The partnership will help formalise Informal Micro Enterprises (IMEs) by enabling digital-first Udyam Assist registration, giving them access to government schemes, credit facilities, and the digital payments ecosystem.The Udyam Assist Platform (UAP), launched in January 2023 under the Ministry of MSME’s Formalisation Project, is designed to facilitate online registration for IMEs.

Over the past two years, the Udyam Assist Platform has issued more than 2.75 crore Udyam Assist Certificates, becoming a major driver for the formalisation of non-GST registered IMEs.

 

2. Jio Financial Services and Allianz Launch 50:50 Reinsurance Joint Venture in India: Jio Financial Services Ltd (JFSL) and Germany’s Allianz have launched a 50:50 joint venture named Allianz Jio Reinsurance Ltd (AJRL) to operate in the Indian reinsurance sector.AJRL has been incorporated with an initial investment of ₹2.50 lakh for 25,000 equity shares and has received all necessary approvals from the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India and the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.The partnership combines JFSL’s local expertise and digital reach with Allianz’s global underwriting and reinsurance capabilities, leveraging Allianz’s existing portfolios and international experience for India’s growing insurance market.

 

3. RBI Raises ₹14,900 Crore Through State Government Securities Auction: The RBI’s latest auction of state government securities raised a total of ₹14,900 crore from six states, out of ₹15,300 crore on offer. Nagaland did not accept bids for its 10-year security.Bihar mobilized the highest amount of ₹6,000 crore across five, nine, and eleven-year tenors, with yields ranging from 7.02% to 7.52%.Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra raised ₹4,000 crore and ₹3,000 crore respectively through bonds of varying maturities, while Goa, Haryana, and Jammu & Kashmir raised smaller amounts.The auction is part of the RBI’s routine market borrowing programme, helping states raise funds for development and budgetary needs.