Daily GK Update- 10th Oct, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Government to Launch Tobacco Free Youth Campaign 3.0 to Promote Healthy, Tobacco-Free Learning Environments: The Government will launch Tobacco Free Youth Campaign 3.0 (TFYC 3.0) to promote a tobacco-free learning environment and protect the health of students nationwide, jointly led by the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.

Tobacco use remains a major public health challenge in India, claiming over 13 lakh lives annually, with 8.4% of students aged 13–15 years using tobacco and an average initiation age of 10 years, highlighting the need for youth-focused interventions.The 60-day campaign will include awareness drives, enforcement of tobacco-free campuses, capacity-building workshops for school heads and volunteers, counselling for students, and community initiatives to maintain 100-yard tobacco-free zones around educational institutions.

 

2. Third International Purple Festival Begins in Panaji, Goa: The third edition of the International Purple Festival began in Panaji, Goa, celebrating Persons with Disabilities and promoting empowerment, accessibility, and social integration.Social Justice and Empowerment Minister Dr. Virendra Kumar praised the Goa government for organizing an international-standard festival and emphasized the importance of integrating Persons with Disabilities into mainstream national growth.

 

3. Kolkata Declared India’s Safest City for Fourth Consecutive Year, NCRB 2023 Data: Kolkata has been ranked India’s safest city for the fourth consecutive year according to the NCRB 2023 data, recording the lowest rate of cognizable crimes at 83.9 per lakh population among 19 major metropolitan cities.The total number of cognizable crimes in Kolkata declined from 14,591 in 2021 to 11,843 in 2023, showing a consistent decrease over the years.Crimes against women also declined, with 1,746 cases in 2023 and a rate of 25.7 per lakh population, making it among the lowest after Chennai (17.3) and Coimbatore (22.7).Kochi emerged as the most crime-prone city, followed by Delhi and Surat, while serious crimes in Kolkata, including adult and minor rape cases, placed the city 10th among 19 metros.The top 10 safest cities in India in 2023 are Kolkata, Hyderabad, Pune, Mumbai, Coimbatore, Chennai, Kanpur, Ghaziabad, Bengaluru, and Ahmedabad, whereas the most unsafe cities include Kochi, Delhi, Surat, Jaipur, Patna, Indore, Lucknow, Nagpur, Kozhikode, and Ahmedabad.

 

4. Centre Releases ₹680.71 Crore to Strengthen Panchayati Raj Institutions in West Bengal under 15th Finance Commission: The Union Government released ₹71 crore as the first instalment of Untied (Basic) Grants under the 15th Finance Commission for strengthening Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in West Bengal for FY 2025–26, covering 3,224 Gram Panchayats, 335 Block Panchayats, and 21 Zilla Parishads.During FY 2024–25 and 2025–26, a total of ₹4,181.23 crore has been released to West Bengal — including ₹2,082.13 crore as Untied Grants and ₹2,099.10 crore as Tied Grants — to enhance grassroots governance and service delivery.Untied Grants give Rural Local Bodies flexibility to fund location-specific development like roads, street lighting, digital connectivity, and environmental protection, while Tied Grants focus on sanitation, drinking water, and ODF maintenance.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Mukesh Ambani Tops Forbes India Rich List 2025 with $105 Billion Net Worth: Mukesh Ambani has retained the top position on Forbes’ list of India’s 100 richest, with a net worth of $105 billion, while Gautam Adani ranked second with $92 billion, and Savitri Jindal third with $40.2 billion.JP Morgan valued Reliance Retail at $143 billion and Reliance Jio at $135 billion, noting that RIL’s consumer businesses will drive most of its future earnings growth.At the 48th AGM, Ambani announced that Reliance achieved record revenue of ₹10.71 lakh crore ($125.3 billion) and aims to transform into a deeptech enterprise focusing on clean energy, genomics, and AI.The combined wealth of India’s 100 richest fell by 9% to $1 trillion in 2025 due to a weaker rupee and stock market dip, though Ambani also regained the top spot in the Hurun India Rich List 2025 with wealth estimated at $105 billion.

 

2. Om Birla Leads Indian Delegation to 68th Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference in Barbados: Lok Sabha Speaker Shri Om Birla led the Indian Parliamentary Delegation to Bridgetown, Barbados, for the 68th Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference (CPC) held from October 5–12, 2025, participating in the opening ceremony and representing India on a global parliamentary platform.

 

3. As part of the conference, Shri Birla chaired a workshop on “Leveraging Technology: Enhancing Democracy through Digital Transformations and Tackling the Digital Divide”, and addressed the General Assembly on “The Commonwealth: A Global Partner”, highlighting India’s commitment to democratic values, inclusive governance, and parliamentary cooperation.The Indian delegation, including 36 Presiding Officers from 24 State/UT Legislatures, actively participated in seven thematic workshops and bilateral meetings with counterparts from other Commonwealth nations, strengthening parliamentary diplomacy, global cooperation, and capacity building.

 

4. Cristiano Ronaldo Becomes Football’s First Billionaire Player with $1.4 Billion Net Worth: Cristiano Ronaldo has become football’s first billionaire player, with a net worth of $1.4 billion (£1.04 billion), according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, which factors in career earnings, investments, and endorsements.Between 2002 and 2023, Ronaldo earned over $550 million (£410 million) in salary, including a decade-long Nike sponsorship deal worth nearly $18 million (£13.4 million) per year.After joining Al-Nassr in 2022, Ronaldo became the highest-paid footballer in history, with an annual salary of £177 million, and later signed a new two-year contract worth over $400 million (£298 million), keeping him at the club past his 42nd birthday.Comparatively, Lionel Messi earned over $600 million (£447 million) in pre-tax salary during his career, with a guaranteed $20 million (£15 million) annual pay since 2023, and is expected to receive a stake in Inter Miami upon retirement.

 

5. 10 October – World Mental Health Day: World Mental Health Day is observed every year on 10th October to raise global awareness about mental health issues and mobilize efforts to support mental well-being.Theme 2025 – Access to Services: Mental Health in Catastrophes and EmergenciesIt was first celebrated in 1992 at the initiative of the World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH).The day is supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) and focuses on promoting understanding, reducing stigma, and improving mental health care worldwide.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. US to Supply Advanced AMRAAM Missiles to Pakistan: The United States has confirmed supplying Pakistan with AIM-120 Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missiles (AMRAAM). This follows Pakistan Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif’s recent visit to Washington. The deal is part of a new phase in defence cooperation between the two countries. It involves an expanded contract with Raytheon, the American defence manufacturer. The contract, now valued at over $2.51 billion, covers production of the missile’s latest variants, the C8 and D3, with completion expected by May 2030. The AIM-120 AMRAAM is a widely used beyond-visual-range (BVR) air-to-air missile. Developed in the US during the late 1970s and 1980s, it became operational in 1991. Its key feature is the fire-and-forget capability. Once launched, the missile uses its onboard radar to track targets independently. This frees the pilot from guiding the missile, allowing long-range engagement. The latest versions, C8 and D3, offer improved range, accuracy and resistance to electronic countermeasures. The missile can reach speeds near Mach 4 and operate in all weather conditions.

 

2. India Marks 93rd Indian Air Force Day: The Indian Air Force (IAF) will celebrate its 93rd Air Force Day on 8 October 2025. This annual event honours the IAF’s establishment and its enduring role in India’s defence. The 2025 theme marks the IAF’s contribution to Operation Sindoor, showcasing its operational capabilities and commitment to national security. The IAF was established on 8 October 1932. It began with a modest fleet and limited personnel. The first operational flight took place on 1 April 1933. Over the decades, the IAF has grown into the world’s fourth-largest air force. It has played vital roles in wars, peacekeeping, and humanitarian missions. Air Force Day commemorates the IAF’s foundation and achievements. It honours the courage and sacrifice of its personnel. The day serves to boost morale and public awareness of the IAF’s role. Celebrations include parades, flypasts, and exhibitions demonstrating air power and technology.

 

 

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. India Strengthens Fight Against Cyber Frauds: India’s digital landscape has rapidly expanded, with over 86% of households connected to the internet by 2025. This growth fuels convenience but also exposes citizens to increasing cyber frauds. Cybersecurity has become a national priority as incidents surged from 10.29 lakh in 2022 to 22.68 lakh in 2024. The government and stakeholders are intensifying efforts to protect the digital ecosystem. Cyber frauds in India have diversified, adapting to new technologies and user habits. Fraudsters use spoofing, phishing, and AI-driven deepfakes to deceive victims. The Unified Payments Interface (UPI), a widely used digital payment system, faces threats from compromised mobile numbers. Online betting apps have generated over ₹400 crore through fraudulent schemes. The growing financial damage demands robust detection and preventive strategies. India’s cybersecurity rests on strong laws. The Information Technology Act, 2000, addresses offences like identity theft and online impersonation. The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021, regulate social media and digital platforms. The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, mandates lawful data handling and user consent. The Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Bill, 2025, bans online money gaming to curb illicit digital ventures.

 

2. India Sets Solar, Wind Power Record in First Half of 2025: India achieved record growth in solar and wind energy in the first half of 2025. This growth helped reduce emissions from the power sector by 24 million tonnes compared to the same period in 2024. The increase in renewable energy outpaced the rise in electricity demand. This marks shift towards cleaner energy sources in India’s power mix. Solar power generation rose by 17 terawatt-hours (TWh) between January and June 2025. This represents a 25 percent increase over the previous year. Solar energy’s share in India’s total electricity generation increased to 9.2 percent from 7.4 percent in the same period last year. The growth in solar power alone exceeded the overall increase in electricity demand.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Bajaj Finserv Rebrands Insurance Ventures as Bajaj General and Bajaj Life after Full Acquisition of Allianz Stake: Bajaj Finserv has officially rebranded its insurance businesses as Bajaj General Insurance and Bajaj Life Insurance after acquiring Allianz SE’s 26% stake, achieving full ownership of its insurance ventures.The company launched the campaign ‘100% Bajaj. Made in India. Made for India. Made by India,’ emphasizing its commitment to policyholders, business partners, and the future of insurance in India.The new brand identity reflects core values of trust, customer fairness, transparency, and a strong pledge to support India’s growth trajectory, according to Sanjiv Bajaj, Chairman and MD.

 

2. RBI Launches Retail Sandbox for Digital Rupee to Boost Fintech Innovation and Tokenised Transactions: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has launched a retail sandbox for its Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), enabling fintech companies to develop and test digital currency-based solutions as part of the ongoing pilot.The retail e-rupee pilot — India’s version of the CBDC — was first launched on December 1, 2022, and currently has around 7 million users participating in the project.The RBI plans to use the wholesale segment of the CBDC as the foundational layer for this exercise, collaborating with select banks to ensure smoother integration and scalability.The initiative leverages digital tokenisation, which makes transactions faster, cheaper, and more secure, by converting traditional bank deposits into digital tokens that can be easily transferred or settled across systems.

 

3. Sanjay Kumar Hansda Appointed as Executive Director of RBI: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has appointed Sanjay Kumar Hansda as Executive Director (ED) with effect from March 3, 2025.

He returned to RBI on October 6, 2025, after completing his deputation as Senior Advisor to the Executive Director (India) at the International Monetary Fund (IMF).As Executive Director, Hansda will oversee the Department of Economic and Policy Research; he holds a postgraduate degree in Economics from JNU and a diploma in Financial Services Management from Jamnalal Bajaj Institute, Mumbai.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Indian Peacekeepers Honoured by UNISFA for Dedicated Service in Abyei Region: Indian peacekeepers in Abyei were honoured by the Acting Head of Mission of UNISFA for their dedicated service in the oil-rich, contested border region between Sudan and South Sudan.The Abyei Area holds a special administrative status under the 2004 Abyei Protocol of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), which ended the Second Sudanese Civil War.India is a major contributor to UN peacekeeping, having sent over 2,90,000 personnel since the 1950s, with over 5,000 troops currently serving in nine active UN missions worldwide.

 

2. Hungarian Author Laszlo Krasznahorkai Wins 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature for Visionary and Epic Works: Hungarian author Laszlo Krasznahorkai has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature 2025 “for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art.”Krasznahorkai, born in 1954 in Gyula, Hungary, is known for epic, absurdist, and grotesque literature, with his breakthrough novel ‘Satantango’ (1985) set in a remote rural area.His work ‘Herscht 07769’ has been praised as a great contemporary German novel, accurately depicting social unrest, reflecting his mastery in portraying complex human and societal themes.The Nobel Prize in Literature, awarded by the Swedish Academy, carries a cash award of 11 million crowns ($1.2 million); it was the fourth Nobel announced this week, after medicine, physics, and chemistry.

 

3. Sherry Singh Makes History as First Indian to Win Mrs Universe 2025: Sherry Singh made history by becoming the first Indian to win Mrs Universe 2025, at the 48th edition held in Okada, Manila, Philippines, with 120 international delegates competing.She represented India after being crowned Mrs India 2025 by UMB Pageants, impressing judges with her poise, eloquence, and advocacy for women’s empowerment and mental health awareness.The final results were: Winner – India (Sherry Singh), 1st Runner-up – Saint Petersburg, 2nd Runner-up – Philippines, 3rd Runner-up – Asia, and 4th Runner-up – Russia.

Daily GK Update- 9th Oct, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Union Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia Inaugurates Satcom Summit at IMC 2025: Union Minister Jyotiraditya M. Scindia inaugurated the Satcom Summit at India Mobile Congress 2025, highlighting satellite communication as a tool for digital inclusion and empowerment of farmers, students, doctors, and remote communities.The government aims to connect 38,260 remote villages under the Universal Service Obligation Fund and Digital Bharat Nidhi, with around 29,000 villages already connected, and announced major policy reforms including GMPCS licenses to OneWeb and Jio, and a Letter of Intent to Starlink.India’s SATCOM sector, valued at $4.3 billion in 2024 and projected to reach $14.8 billion by 2033, will get a ₹900 crore National SATCOM Monitoring Facility, reinforcing the country’s role as a global hub in satellite communications and space innovation.

 

2. India’s Solar Capacity Hits 125 GW, Becomes Third-Largest Producer Ahead of 8th ISA Assembly: India’s solar power capacity has reached 125 GW, making the country the third-largest solar energy producer globally, according to Union Renewable Energy Minister Pralhad Joshi.The 8th session of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) Assembly is scheduled from October 27 to 30 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, with ISA membership now at 124 countries.The ISA, a collaborative initiative between India and France, aims to combat climate change by promoting solar energy, targeting USD 1 trillion in solar investments by 2030 and reducing technology and financing costs.Initiatives like PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana have already enabled over 20 lakh households to benefit from rooftop solar installations, highlighting India’s efforts to translate national ambition into local impact.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. 9 October – World Postal Day: World Postal Day is observed annually on 9 October to celebrate the role of postal services in connecting people and facilitating communication globally.Theme 2025 – #Post for People: Local ServiceThe day commemorates the establishment of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) in 1874, which standardised and improved international mail delivery.World Postal Day aims to raise awareness about the importance of postal networks in social and economic development, especially in remote and rural areas.

 

2. 10 October 2025 – World Sight Day: World Sight Day is observed this year on 10 October 2025 (second Thursday of October) to raise global awareness about eye health and vision care.Theme 2025 – #LoveYourEyesThe day emphasizes the importance of preventing blindness, improving access to eye care services, and promoting early detection of eye conditions.

 

3. NPCI Partners with PayPal to Integrate UPI with PayPal World for Seamless Global Payments: NPCI and PayPal announced a collaboration to integrate India’s UPI with PayPal World, making India’s instant payments platform the first to launch on the global digital payments network.The collaboration aims to create a seamless, interoperable platform for consumers and merchants, enabling frictionless interactions between domestic wallets and global payment systems.PayPal CEO Alex Chriss emphasised that the move focuses on connecting India to the world, rather than competing with UPI, reflecting India’s growing importance in the global payments ecosystem.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Centre approves ₹903 crore for fire services in Haryana, MP, and Rajasthan under NDRF: The Centre has approved over 903 crore rupees to Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan under the National Disaster Response Fund for the expansion and modernisation of fire services.A High-Level Committee, under the Chairmanship of Union Home Minister Amit Shah, has approved the assistance. Out of the total amount, more than 117 crore rupees have been approved for Haryana, 397 crore for Madhya Pradesh and over 388 crore rupees for Rajasthan.The committee has also approved over 707 crore rupees of additional Central assistance to Assam and Gujarat from NDRF, affected by floods and landslides during 2024.During the current financial year, the Central Government has released 13 thousand 603 crore rupees to 27 States under the State Disaster Response Fund and over two thousand crore rupees under NDRF to 12 States.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Government Unveils Logo for India-AI Impact Summit 2026: The Government of India unveiled the logo for the India-AI Impact Summit 2026, scheduled on February 19–20, 2026, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi; the winning design by Shri Ajith P. Suresh was chosen from 599 entries submitted via the MyGov platform.The logo symbolizes India’s vision of ethical and responsible AI, featuring the Ashoka Chakra for governance and justice, and neural network flares representing AI’s transformative and inclusive power across sectors and geographies.The vibrant gradient and modern typography in the logo reflect innovation, diversity, and clarity, merging tradition with modernity to portray India’s leadership in shaping the global AI movement through the MeitY-hosted summit.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana Crosses ₹10,907 Crore in Loans, Empowering Over 5.79 Lakh Households with Rooftop Solar Energy: The PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana has achieved a major milestone with Public Sector Banks sanctioning over 5.79 lakh loan applications worth ₹10,907 crore as of September 2025, promoting household solar energy adoption.The scheme encourages rooftop solar installations with collateral-free loans up to ₹2 lakh, offered at competitive interest rates, featuring simplified documentation and longer repayment periods linked to electricity cost savings.All loan applications are processed digitally via the JanSamarth Portal, which is integrated with the National Portal (pmsuryaghar.gov.in), ensuring seamless, transparent, and data-driven loan disbursal.Recent improvements include allowing co-applicants, removing capacity-based restrictions, and simplifying documentation, based on feedback from both beneficiaries and banks.

 

2. ICICI Bank and Visa Launch Corporate Sapphiro Forex Card with Premium Benefits for International Business Travelers: ICICI Bank and Visa launched the Corporate Sapphiro Forex Card, the first prepaid card in Asia powered by Visa Infinite, targeting entrepreneurs and corporate leaders traveling internationally.The card allows transactions in 15 currencies with zero cross-currency markup, offering benefits like airport lounge access, meet-and-assist services, a complimentary international eSIM, and ATM fee waivers.Customers can apply and load the card digitally via ICICI Bank’s InstaBIZ app, with plans to expand to large corporate employees through Corporate Internet Banking, supporting seamless international business travel.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar Yaghi Win 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for Metal–Organic Frameworks

 : The 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi for the development of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), announced by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.Metal–organic frameworks are molecular constructions with large spaces that allow gases and chemicals to flow, enabling applications such as harvesting water from desert air, capturing carbon dioxide, storing toxic gases, and catalyzing chemical reactions.In 1989, Richard Robson pioneered combining positively charged copper ions with a four-armed molecule, laying the initial concept of MOFs, although the structure was unstable. Susumu Kitagawa and Omar Yaghi enhanced Robson’s concept by creating stable and flexible MOFs with rational design, demonstrating their ability to be modified for new and useful properties.

Daily GK Update- 8th Oct, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. PM Modi inaugurates 9th Edition of India Mobile Congress 2025 in New Delhi: Prime Minister Narendra Modi has inaugurated the 9th edition of the India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2025 at Yashobhoomi, New Delhi, under the theme “Innovate to Transform”, showcasing India’s commitment to digital innovation and transformation.IMC 2025, Asia’s largest telecom, media, and technology event, features participation from over 150 countries, 400 companies, and 1.5 lakh visitors, focusing on key themes like 6G, AI, Quantum Communications, and Semiconductors.

Later in the day, PM Modi inaugurated Phase 1 of the Navi Mumbai International Airport and Phase 2B of Mumbai Metro Line-3, besides launching ‘Mumbai One’, India’s first integrated public transport app.He also launched the Short-Term Employability Program in Maharashtra to enhance youth skills across 400 ITIs and 150 Technical Schools, and is set to host UK PM Keir Starmer to strengthen the India-UK ‘Vision 2035’ partnership.

 

2. PM VIKAS MoU Signed with IIT Palakkad for Minority Skilling: The Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India, launched a key skilling project in October 2025. This initiative, under the Pradhan Mantri Virasat Ka Samvardhan (PM VIKAS) scheme, aims to empower minority communities in Kerala. The project is implemented in partnership with the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Palakkad. It focuses on equipping youth with advanced technical skills in emerging fields. The collaboration targets the socio-economic upliftment of minorities through skill development and employment opportunities. The PM VIKAS scheme is a flagship programme designed to promote socio-economic empowerment of minority communities. It focuses on skill development and entrepreneurship. The scheme aims to create sustainable livelihoods and enhance employability. The recent MoU signing with IIT Palakkad marks step in these efforts. The project targets future-ready skills in technology domains. It aligns with national priorities of inclusive growth and innovation.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Baratang Mud Volcano in Andaman Erupts After 20 Years: The Baratang mud volcano in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands erupted violently on 2 October 2025, ending over 20 years of dormancy, producing a 3–4 metre-high mound and spreading mud over 1,000 sq. metres.Located about 150 km from Port Blair in the North and Middle Andaman district, the Baratang mud volcano is India’s only known mud volcano and a unique geological tourist attraction.Mud volcanoes are formed by the eruption of mud, water, and gases (mainly methane) from deep underground, unlike regular volcanoes that emit lava; these eruptions occur when gases and fluids push upward, creating cone-shaped mounds or domes.

 

2. India’s First Direct Air Cargo Mission to Antarctica Departs with 18 Tons of Scientific Equipment: A heavy-duty Russian cargo plane embarked for Antarctica, carrying large scientific instruments and equipment to study atmospheric and climate changes.This marked the first-ever direct air cargo mission from India to Antarctica, operated by IL-76 under DROMLAN, transporting 18 tons of gear, medicines, provisions, and essentials for Indian researchers at Bharati and Maitri research bases.The specialized cargo plane, usually deployed for military transport including by the Indian Army, was re-routed via Goa’s Manohar International Airport (Mopa) and will enroute South Africa’s Cape Town before reaching Antarctica.

 

3. Singapore Renames Site of Zubeen Garg’s Passing as Zubeen Garg Island: Singapore’s St. John’s Island has been renamed “Zubeen Garg Island” on Google Maps as a symbolic tribute to the late singer.The renaming was initiated by enthusiastic fans who added the new label using Google Maps’ “Add a missing place” feature, rather than through any formal government order.The gesture reflects the deep emotional resonance of Zubeen Garg’s legacy, making his memory a permanent part of geographic maps beyond Assam

 

4. 7 October – World Cotton Day: World Cotton Day is observed every year on 7 October to recognise the global importance of cotton in trade, economy, and sustainable development.The day aims to promote fair trade practices, sustainability, and the livelihoods of cotton farmers, especially in developing countries.Theme 2025 – The Fabric of Our LivesInitiated by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in collaboration with international cotton-producing nations, the day highlights cotton’s contribution to economic growth and global commerce.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. ICGS Akshar Commissioned at Karaikal: Boost to Aatmanirbhar Bharat and India’s Maritime Strength: The Indian Coast Guard Ship (ICGS) Akshar, the second vessel in the Adamya-class Fast Patrol Vessels (FPVs) series, was commissioned at Karaikal, Puducherry, and built indigenously by Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) with over 60% indigenous content, promoting Aatmanirbhar Bharat and Make in India.The 51-metre-long, 320-ton vessel is powered by twin 3,000 KW diesel engines, offering a top speed of 27 knots and an endurance of 1,500 nautical miles, equipped with Controllable Pitch Propellers (CPP) for enhanced manoeuvrability.It features advanced weapon systems including a 30 mm CRN 91 gun and two 12.7 mm Stabilized Remote-Controlled Guns (SRCG) with a fire-control system, along with automation technologies like IBS, IPMS, and APMS.

 

2. Goodluck India Signs Tripartite MoU for DRDO’s AMCA Programme: Goodluck India, a leading special steel manufacturer, has signed a tripartite MoU with BrahMos Aerospace Thiruvananthapuram Ltd (BATL) and Axiscades Technologies to jointly bid for DRDO’s Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) programme.The AMCA programme aims to develop a fifth-generation stealth fighter aircraft equipped with advanced avionics, super-cruise capability, internal weapon bays, and electronic warfare systems, marking a major leap in India’s defence technology.The collaboration supports the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative, focusing on enhancing indigenous defence manufacturing and strengthening India’s self-reliance in aerospace and defence capabilities.

 

SPORTS

 

1. Linthoi Chanambam Wins India’s First-Ever Medal at Judo Junior World Championships: Judo player Linthoi Chanambam won India’s first-ever medal at the Judo Junior World Championships in Lima, Peru.The 19-year-old clinched the bronze medal in the women’s 63 kg category by defeating Netherlands’ Joni Geilen. After losing her Group D final match to Japan’s So Morichika, Chanambam entered the medal match through the repechage route and secured the bronze.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Cyclone Shakhti Intensifies into Severe Storm over Arabian Sea: Cyclone Shakhti, the first post-monsoon cyclone over the Arabian Sea in 2025, has intensified into a severe cyclonic storm with wind speeds around 100 kmph, creating rough sea conditions off India’s western coast.The storm’s name, ‘Shakhti’, was suggested by Sri Lanka following the World Meteorological Organisation/ESCAP naming convention for tropical cyclones.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Hero Future Energies secures ₹1,908 cr funding from SBI, Canara Bank: Hero Future Energies has secured ₹1,908 crore in funding from State Bank of India (lead) and Canara Bank to support renewable energy projects.The funds will be used to develop a 120 MW renewable hybrid project at Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, integrating wind, solar, and storage technologies to provide reliable peak power.The project, contracted with SJVN, has a repayment period of 21 years, ensuring timely execution and commencement of commercial operations.

 

2. IIHL Mauritius Acquires 100% Stake in Sterling Bank, Bahamas: IndusInd International Holdings Ltd. (IIHL), Mauritius, has completed the acquisition of 100% stake in Sterling Bank, Bahamas, after previously acquiring 51% in September 2022; the acquisition was made through IIHL’s wholly owned subsidiary, IIHL (Capital), Mauritius.Sterling Bank will be renamed as ‘IIHL Bank & Trust Ltd.’, marking IIHL’s expansion in the global Banking, Financial Services, Securities, and Insurance (BFSI) sector.IIHL, with a net worth of $1.26 billion (as of August 31, 2025), aims to enhance long-term shareholder value, expand globally, and achieve a $50 billion global market capitalisation by 2030 in the BFSI sector.

 

3. Zomato and HDFC Pension Launch NPS Model to Secure Retirement Benefits for Delivery Partners: Zomato and HDFC Pension launched the ‘NPS Platform Workers Model’ to provide delivery partners access to formal retirement benefits, formally inaugurated by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on October 1.Over 30,000 Zomato delivery partners have already generated their PRANs within 72 hours, with the platform aiming to cover more than 1 lakh delivery partners under NPS by 2025.The model offers long-term financial security, including lump sum payments and monthly pensions at retirement, along with flexibility for small, regular contributions, addressing the current gap in retirement awareness and savings among platform workers.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. President Murmu Presents MY Bharat NSS Awards 2022-23 at Rashtrapati Bhavan: President Droupadi Murmu presented the MY Bharat – National Service Scheme (NSS) Awards 2022-23 at Rashtrapati Bhavan, honoring 40 NSS Units, Programme Officers, and Volunteers for their outstanding contributions.The National Service Scheme Award, conferred by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, recognises NSS members for their exceptional community service and nation-building efforts.NSS, launched in 1969 as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, aims to develop the personality and character of student youth through voluntary community service; Union Minister Dr Mansukh Mandaviya was also present at the ceremony.

 

2. Nobel Prize in Physics 2025 Awarded to Clarke, Devoret, and Martinis for Pioneering Quantum Experiments: John Clarke (UK), Michel Devoret (France), and John Martinis (USA) have been awarded the Nobel Prize for their pioneering experiments on quantum mechanics, specifically demonstrating macroscopic quantum tunnelling using superconducting circuits.The trio devised circuits with two superconductors separated by a Josephson junction, showing that all particles in the superconductor could act collectively, simulating current flow even without voltage.Their research laid the foundation for superconducting qubits, essential for practical quantum computers that operate with qubits rather than classical bits, enabling exponentially faster computation and advanced quantum technologies. Clarke, Devoret, and Martinis collaborated at UC Berkeley with careful experimental precision over decades. They will equally share the prize of 11 million Swedish kroner (approximately ₹1 crore).

Daily GK Update- 7th Oct, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. SECL Inaugurates First Fully Women-Operated Central Store Unit in Korba under Special Campaign 5.0: South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL), a subsidiary of Coal India Limited (CIL), inaugurated its first fully women-operated central store unit at the Korba workshop.The initiative is part of the Government of India’s Special Campaign 5.0, promoting women empowerment in the coal sector.The new unit, managed by eight women officers, will oversee spare parts supply and inventory management, reflecting SECL’s commitment to “nari shakti se rashtra shakti.”

 

2. Electronics Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw Approves ‘NaMo Semiconductor Laboratory’ at IIT Bhubaneswar: Electronics and IT Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw approved the establishment of the ‘NaMo Semiconductor Laboratory’ at IIT Bhubaneswar with an estimated cost of ₹4.95 crore.The lab will be equipped with essential tools and software for semiconductor training, design, and fabrication, aiming to develop a skilled, industry-ready workforce.It will support India’s chip manufacturing and packaging units and act as a catalyst for the growing semiconductor ecosystem, boosting ‘Make in India’ and ‘Design in India’ initiatives.

 

3. PM Modi Launches ₹62,000 Crore Youth-Centric Initiatives: Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled youth-focused initiatives worth over ₹62,000 crore at the Kaushal Deekshant Samaroh in New Delhi, aimed at boosting education, skilling, and entrepreneurship across India.

He launched the Pradhan Mantri Skilling and Employability Transformation through Upgraded ITIs (PM-SETU), which will modernize over 1,000 Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) and align youth skills with global demand.PM Modi also inaugurated 1,200 Vocational Skill Labs in 400 Navodaya Vidyalayas and 200 Eklavya Model Residential Schools, emphasising that ITIs are vital for building an Aatmanirbhar Bharat.The Prime Minister launched Bihar’s revamped Mukhyamantri Nishchay Swayam Sahayata Bhatta Yojana, providing ₹1,000 monthly allowance and free skill training to nearly 5 lakh graduate youth annually, and felicitated 46 All India ITI toppers.

 

4. Andhra Pradesh Launches ‘Auto Driverla Sevalo’ Scheme: Andhra Pradesh CM N. Chandrababu Naidu launched the ‘Auto Driverla Sevalo’ scheme, providing ₹15,000 annual financial assistance to over 2.9 lakh auto, cab, and maxi cab drivers affected by the state’s Stree Shakti free bus travel initiative.For the financial year 2025–26, the state government will disburse ₹436 crore directly into beneficiaries’ bank accounts, reaffirming its commitment to driver welfare and livelihood support.Naidu announced plans to convert all public transport vehicles to electric, assured no harassment of drivers, and highlighted ongoing road repairs worth ₹3,400 crore to improve conditions across 23,000 km of roads.

 

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Navi Mumbai International Airport to Be Renamed ‘Loknete D. B. Patil Navi Mumbai International Airport’: Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis announced that Navi Mumbai International Airport will be named after late Loknete D. B. Patil, with approval from Prime Minister Narendra Modi.The state government has also proposed renaming Pune Airport after Jagadguru Sant Tukaram and Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar Airport after Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj, with approvals expected soon under the new central naming policy.Fadnavis stated that cases registered against protestors during the airport naming agitation will be withdrawn to ensure they do not hinder employment opportunities at the airport.

 

2. Former DR Congo President Joseph Kabila Sentenced to Death in Absentia for War Crimes and Treason: Former DR Congo President Joseph Kabila has been sentenced to death in absentia for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and treason, including murder, sexual assault, torture, and insurrection.The charges relate to allegations that Kabila supported the M23 rebel group, which has caused devastation in eastern DR Congo, though he denied the accusations and did not appear in court.The military court also ordered Kabila to pay a fine of $33 billion (£25 billion); his allies have criticized the trial as politically motivated and “theatrical.”Kabila, who ruled DR Congo for 18 years, went into self-imposed exile in 2023 after falling out with President Félix Tshisekedi, while conflict in the mineral-rich east continues despite a ceasefire deal reached in July.

 

3. Kronotsky Volcano in Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula Erupts: Kronotsky volcano on Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula erupted, sending an ash plume 9.2 km above sea level and stretching about 85 km to the south and southeast.A red aviation alert has been issued due to the high hazard posed to both local and international air traffic, according to the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team.

 

4. 6 October 2025 – World Habitat Day: World Habitat Day is observed on the first Monday of October every year to raise awareness about the state of human settlements and the right to adequate shelter. This year, it is observed on 6 October 2025.Theme 2025 – Urban crisis response

The day was established by the United Nations in 1985 to highlight the need for sustainable urban development and improved living conditions worldwide.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. India and UK Begin Exercise KONKAN-2025 to Strengthen Maritime Cooperation under Vision 2035: Exercise KONKAN-2025, a bilateral naval exercise between the Indian Navy and the Royal Navy, began off India’s western coast, reaffirming the nations’ commitment to secure and open seas under the India-UK Vision 2035.The exercise, conducted in two phases (5–12 October 2025), includes professional exchanges, cross-deck visits, sports, cultural events, and advanced maritime drills in anti-air, anti-surface, and anti-submarine warfare.Key participants include the Indian Navy’s INS Vikrant carrier battle group and the UK Carrier Strike Group (UK CSG-25) led by HMS Prince of Wales, with additional assets from Norway and Japan.

 

SPORTS

 

1. Sanju Samson Appointed as Official Ambassador of English Premier League (EPL) in India: Indian cricketer Sanju Samson has been appointed as the official ambassador for the English Premier League (EPL) in India, marking the league’s effort to strengthen its presence in the Indian subcontinent.During his ambassadorial duties, Samson met former England and Liverpool striker Michael Owen at a fan engagement event in Mumbai, reflecting the EPL’s growing fan culture in India.Samson, who is also the brand ambassador for Kerala Blasters FC (ISL), aims to promote football in Kerala and inspire youth by bridging the gap between cricket and football through his dual sporting influence.

 

2. India Secures 22 Medals, Including 6 Gold, at World Para Athletics Championships in New Delhi: India concluded the World Para Athletics Championships in New Delhi with a total of 22 medals: 6 Gold, 9 Silver, and 7 Bronze.On the final day at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Simran Sharma won silver in 200m T12 and Preeti Pal secured silver in 100m T35, marking their second medals of the tournament.Paralympic champion Navdeep claimed silver in javelin throw F41, and Sandeep earned bronze in 200m T44, contributing to India’s overall medal tally.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. DPIIT Signs MoU with Thermo Fisher Scientific to Boost Innovation and Support 500+ Biotech Startups in India: DPIIT signs MoU with Thermo Fisher Scientific to boost innovation in India’s biotechnology sector and support the growth of high-potential startups.The partnership aims to assist over 500 biotech startups in the next three years through strategic advisory, technology access, mentorship, and investor connections.The collaboration with Startup India and Thermo Fisher Scientific will strengthen the biotech ecosystem and create opportunities for early-stage entrepreneurs to scale their solutions and contribute to India’s bioeconomy.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. FM Nirmala Sitharaman Launches ‘Apki Poonji, Apka Adhikar’ Campaign to Help Citizens Claim ₹1.84 Trillion in Unclaimed Financial Assets: Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman launched the “Apki Poonji, Apka Adhikar” (Your Money, Your Right) campaign in Gandhinagar, aiming to help citizens recover unclaimed financial assets worth ₹1.84 trillion lying with banks and regulators.The three-month campaign will focus on the “3 As – Awareness, Access, and Action,” encouraging people to identify and claim their unclaimed deposits, insurance, provident fund, and shares.Sitharaman highlighted that the RBI’s UDGAM portal enables citizens to trace and claim their unclaimed deposits easily, emphasizing the government’s role as a custodian of these funds.She urged officials and banks, including Gujarat Gramin Bank, to actively raise awareness and assist people across villages in reclaiming their rightful money.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

2. Three Scientists Win 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for Discoveries on Immune System and Regulatory T Cells: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 awarded to Mary Brunkow (USA), Fred Ramsdell (USA), and Shimon Sakaguchi (Japan) for uncovering key mechanisms of the human immune system, particularly regulatory T cells that prevent autoimmune attacks.Their research on peripheral immune tolerance explained how the immune system distinguishes harmful invaders from the body’s own cells, paving the way for treatments for cancer, autoimmune diseases, and improved organ transplantation.Shimon Sakaguchi discovered regulatory T cells in 1995, while Brunkow and Ramsdell identified the role of the Foxp3 gene in 2001; together, these findings established the foundation for modern immunology therapies.

Daily GK Update- 6th Oct, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Union Cabinet Approves Six-Year “Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses” with ₹11,440 Crore Outlay: The Union Cabinet approved the six-year “Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses” on October 1, 2025, with a financial outlay of ₹11,440 crore, aiming to make India self-sufficient in pulses production by 2030-31.The mission aims to increase pulses production to 350 lakh tonnes, expand cultivation area to 310 lakh hectares, and improve yield to 1,130 kg per hectare, focusing on tur, urad, and masur, with assured procurement under PM-AASHA.Key initiatives include the distribution of 126 lakh quintals of certified seeds, the establishment of 1,000 new processing units, cluster-based implementation across 416 districts, and capacity building for farmers, aiming to reduce imports, boost incomes, and promote climate-resilient practices.

 

2. Union Cabinet Approves 3% Hike in Dearness Allowance and Relief: The Union Cabinet approved a 3% hike in Dearness Allowance (DA) and Dearness Relief (DR) on October 1, 2025, benefiting about 49.19 lakh central employees and 68.72 lakh pensioners.The DA/DR increase raises the existing rate from 55% of basic pay/pension to 58%, effective July 1, 2025, to offset price rise.The combined financial impact on the exchequer due to this hike is ₹10,083.96 crore per annum, implemented as per the 7th Central Pay Commission formula.

 

3. Jindal Steel Becomes India’s First Integrated Steelmaker Recognised as NCVET Awarding Body: Jindal Steel becomes India’s first large, diversified enterprise and integrated steel manufacturer to be recognised as an Awarding Body by NCVET, granting it PAN-India authority in the Large Indian Enterprise/MNC category.The recognition enables Jindal Steel to develop industry-aligned standards, structured skilling programs, and drive workforce development under the National Credit Framework aligned with NEP 2020.This milestone strengthens practical, outcome-based vocational education, enhances the global portability of credentials, and underscores Jindal Steel’s commitment to nation-building, green energy, and modern infrastructure.

 

4. RBI Extends Tenure of Raghavendra Srinivas Bhat as MD & CEO of Karnataka Bank: The RBI has extended the tenure of Raghavendra Srinivas Bhat as MD & CEO of Karnataka Bank for one month starting October 16, 2025, or until a regular appointment is made.Bhat, who took charge as MD & CEO on July 16, 2025, has served Karnataka Bank for nearly four decades, holding key posts including Chief Operating Officer (COO) and Chief General Manager.His extension follows top-level resignations in the bank, including Srikrishan Hari Hara Sarma (MD & CEO) and Sekhar Rao (Executive Director), both of whom stepped down citing personal reasons.

 

 

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Dubai Hosts 11th World Green Economy Summit 2025 to Accelerate Global Green Transformation: The 11th World Green Economy Summit (WGES 2025) opened in Dubai with over 3,300 participants from 30+ countries under the theme “Innovating for Impact: Accelerating the Future of the Green Economy.”The summit, co-located with WETEX 2025, focuses on technology, policy, climate finance, and youth engagement to drive net-zero targets and global green transformation.Featuring around 80 international speakers, WGES highlights renewable energy, circular economy, and accountability in sustainability pledges, while the Global Alliance on Green Economy (GAGE) unveiled its 2024–25 portfolio of flagship initiatives.

 

2. 4 October – World Animal Welfare Day: World Animal Welfare Day is observed every year on 4th October to raise awareness about the well-being and protection of animals worldwide.Theme 2025 – Save Animals, Save the Planet!The day was first celebrated in 1925 in Berlin, Germany, initiated by animal rights activist Heinrich Zimmermann.

 

3. 5 October – World Teachers’ Day: World Teachers’ Day is celebrated every year on 5th October to honor the contributions of teachers and educators worldwide.The day was established by UNESCO in 1994 to commemorate the signing of the 1966 ILO/UNESCO Recommendation concerning the Status of Teachers.It aims to raise awareness about the crucial role of teachers in providing quality education and shaping future generations.

 

4. 6 October – World Cerebral Palsy Day: World Cerebral Palsy Day is observed annually on 6th October to raise awareness about Cerebral Palsy (CP), a neurological disorder affecting movement and posture.The day aims to highlight the challenges faced by individuals with CP and promote their inclusion in society.Theme 2025 – Unique and United

 

OTHER UPDATES:

 

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Shubhanshu Shukla, First Indian to Reach ISS, Named Brand Ambassador of ‘Viksit Bharat Buildathon 2025’: Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, the first Indian to reach the International Space Station (ISS) and second Indian in space after Rakesh Sharma, has been appointed as the brand ambassador of ‘Viksit Bharat Buildathon 2025’, India’s largest school hackathon.The Buildathon, organised by the Ministry of Education and Atal Innovation Mission, will engage over 1 crore students from 1.5 lakh schools (Classes 6–12) to design prototypes under four themes: Aatmanirbhar Bharat, Swadeshi, Vocal for Local, and Samriddhi.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. TATA AIG Joins Hands with Equitas Small Finance Bank to Expand Insurance Reach in Rural and Urban India: TATA AIG General Insurance partnered with Equitas Small Finance Bank to expand insurance access across urban and rural India through a bancassurance model.The tie-up will allow Equitas customers to buy motor, health, personal accident, travel, and other general insurance products, focusing especially on semi-urban and rural markets.The collaboration aims to provide affordable financial protection to households and small businesses, combining Equitas Bank’s retail reach with TATA AIG’s insurance expertise.

 

2. Finance Ministry Keeps Small Savings Scheme Interest Rates Unchanged for 7th Consecutive Quarter (Oct–Dec 2025): The Finance Ministry announced that interest rates on Small Savings Schemes will remain unchanged for the October–December 2025 quarter, marking the seventh successive quarter with no revision.Sukanya Samriddhi Scheme will continue to offer 8.2%, while the three-year term deposit and Public Provident Fund (PPF) remain at 7.1%, and Post Office savings deposits stay at 4%.Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP) will carry an interest rate of 7.5%, maturing in 115 months, while National Savings Certificate (NSC) will offer 7.7%.The Monthly Income Scheme (MIS) will continue to provide 7.4% interest for investors in the October–December 2025 quarter.These schemes, operated mainly through post offices and banks, are fully backed by the government, ensuring guaranteed returns on both principal and interest.

 

3. India’s GST Collections Rise 9.1% in September 2025 to ₹1.89 Trillion: India’s GST collection rose1% YoY in September 2025 to ₹1.89 trillion, compared to ₹1.73 trillion in September 2024, supported by higher sales after the recent GST rate rationalisation.Domestic GST revenue increased 6.8% to ₹1.36 trillion, while import GST collections surged 15.6% to ₹52,492 crore; refunds grew sharply by 40.1% YoY to ₹28,657 crore.The net GST revenue stood at ₹1.60 trillion, showing 5% annual growth, despite large manufacturing states like Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka registering only single-digit growth.On September 4, 2025, the government announced a major GST reform, consolidating the six-tier structure into four slabs — 0%, 5%, 18%, and a new 40% slab for luxury and sin goods, effective September 22, 2025.