Daily GK Update- 22nd July, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India’s Electronics Exports Soar 47% in Q1: India’s electronics exports grew by 47%, reaching $12.41 billion in the first quarter (April–June) of the current fiscal, reflecting the nation’s rising profile as a global electronics manufacturing hubAs per the Commerce Ministry, the US (60.17%), UAE (8.09%), and China (3.88%) were the top three destinations for India’s electronic exports, with the Netherlands and Germany also emerging as significant markets.This wide geographical distribution of exports highlights India’s deepening role in the global electronics supply chain and its emergence as a reliable manufacturing alternative in Asia.Ready-made garment exports also increased to $4.19 billion, with the US (34.11%) remaining the largest buyer, followed by the UK, UAE, Germany, and Spain, indicating India’s strong competitiveness and quality reputation in the global apparel sector.

 

2. NCLT Approves Merger of Adani Cementation with Ambuja: The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) has approved the merger of Adani Cementation with Ambuja Cements, aiming to consolidate the Adani Group’s cement business and unlock synergistic benefits.The merger is based on a share swap arrangement, under which Adani Enterprises will receive 8.7 million shares of Ambuja Cements. The effective date of amalgamation has been set as April 1, 2024.With this consolidation, Adani Group becomes the second-largest cement manufacturer in India, boasting an annual production capacity of over 100 million tonnes (MTPA).

 

3. Centre Launches ‘Nasha Mukt Yuva for Viksit Bharat’ in Varanasi: The central government has launched a nationwide youth-led national movement, ‘Nasha Mukt ‘Yuva for Viksit Bharat. The initiative was launched at the recently concluded Youth Spiritual Summit in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh.The Youth Spiritual Summit adopted a ‘Kashi Declaration’ that outlined a series of initiatives to be undertaken to lay the foundation for a national youth-led anti-drug campaign in the country.The theme of the Youth Spiritual Summit was- Drug-Free Youth for a Viksit Bharat.

The Youth Spiritual Summit was organised by the Union Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports under the MY Bharat initiative of the ministry.The two-day Youth Spiritual Summit was inaugurated by the Union Minister of Youth Affairs & Sports and Labour & Employment, Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, at the Rudraksh International Cooperation and Convention Centre in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh.

 

4. Maharashtra, FTII sign MoU to boost creators’ economy and rural talent: The Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune, and the Maharashtra Film, Stage & Cultural Development Corporation Limited (MFSCDCL), Mumbai, signed an MoU to boost skill development in Maharashtra’s film, media, and entertainment sectors, aiming to strengthen India’s creative economy through structured training programs.The collaboration will facilitate short-term courses in filmmaking and TV production, combining FTII’s academic expertise with MFSCDCL’s infrastructure, while addressing the lack of certification among emerging talent in India’s rapidly growing “orange economy.”Chairman of FTII  – R. Madhavan

5. Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar Resigns Citing Health Reasons: Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar resigned from his post, citing health concerns and the need to follow medical advice, with immediate effect under Article 67(a) of the Constitution.In his resignation letter addressed to President Droupadi Murmu, Dhankhar expressed gratitude for the support from the President, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and Members of Parliament during his tenure.

 

6. 22 July – National Mango Day: National Mango Day is celebrated every year on July 22 in India to honour the cultural, nutritional, and economic importance of mangoes, often hailed as the ‘King of Fruits’.India is the largest producer of mangoes in the world, with popular varieties like Alphonso, Dussehri, Kesar, Langra, and Banganapalli enjoyed across the country.The day is marked by fruit festivals, mango-eating contests, culinary showcases, and awareness about sustainable farming and export potential of mangoes.

 

7. 22nd July – National Flag Day: National Flag Day is observed every year on 22nd July to commemorate the adoption of the Indian National Flag by the Constituent Assembly in 1947, just before Independence.The tricolour flag consists of saffron (courage), white (peace), green (prosperity), with a navy blue Ashoka Chakra (wheel of law) with 24 spokes in the centre.The flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya, a freedom fighter and Gandhian from Andhra Pradesh, whose design was later modified and adopted as the official flag.The day reminds citizens of the struggles and sacrifices made during India’s freedom movement, and inspires respect for national symbols and unity.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Centre launches SASCI scheme to develop iconic tourist destinations at global standards: The Ministry of Tourism has launched operational guidelines for the ‘Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment (SASCI)’ scheme, aimed at transforming select tourist destinations into world-class iconic attractions.The scheme provides funding support for comprehensive development covering infrastructure, branding, sustainability, and overall tourist experience enhancement.Project proposals from states were evaluated on factors such as connectivity, ecological sustainability, infrastructure, carrying capacity, management, impact, and marketing, with final approvals following SASCI guidelines.The government will fund projects until March 31, 2026, while state governments will manage implementation, with expected completion within two years; the Ministry will also promote these sites through digital campaigns and events.

 

2. China Begins World’s Largest Hydropower Dam Project: China has initiated construction of the world’s largest hydropower dam on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. The project, costing over $170 billion, is set to become China’s most ambitious hydropower venture since the Three Gorges Dam. It aims to generate 300 billion kilowatt-hours annually, matching the electricity consumption of the United Kingdom in 2024. The dam is located on the Yarlung Zangbo River, which flows into India and Bangladesh as the Brahmaputra. The project has sparked environmental and geopolitical concerns while also boosting Chinese markets. The dam consists of five cascade hydropower stations. It exploits a 2,000-metre drop in the river across 50 kilometres. This drop offers immense potential to generate electricity. The project is expected to be operational by the 2030s. It will supply power primarily to Tibet and other parts of China. The scale of investment is unprecedented, with an estimated cost of at least $170 billion.

 

3. Australia-Tuvalu Climate Migration Visa Scheme: Australia launched a pioneering migration visa for Tuvalu residents. This visa offers a legal pathway for climate-induced migration. Over 5,000 Tuvaluans applied within a month. The scheme allows 280 people annually to relocate to Australia through a ballot. This initiative addresses the severe impacts of climate change on Tuvalu’s population. Tuvalu is a small Pacific island nation made up of nine low-lying atolls. Its average elevation is just 2 metres above sea level. Rising seas threaten flooding, storm surges, and land loss. Sea levels near Tuvalu have risen by 15 cm in 30 years. By 2050, much of the land and infrastructure may be below high tide. Saltwater intrusion endangers freshwater supplies and agriculture.

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Indigenous Anti-Submarine Warfare Ship Ajay: The Indian Navy marked a key milestone with the launch of Yard 3034 Ajay, the eighth and final ship of the Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC) series. Built indigenously by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) in Kolkata, this launch reinforces India’s push for self-reliance in defence shipbuilding under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative. Yard 3034 Ajay was launched on 21 July 2025 at GRSE’s Kolkata yard. The event was graced by Vice Admiral Kiran Deshmukh, Chief of Materiel, and Mrs Priya Deshmukh, who ceremonially launched the ship. Senior officials from the Indian Navy and GRSE attended. The launch comes shortly after the commissioning of the first ship of the class, INS Arnala, on 18 June 2025. The second ship, INS Androth, is ready for delivery following successful sea trials.

 

SPORTS

 

1. India to Host 2025 FIDE Chess World Cup from October 30 to November 27: India will host the 2025 FIDE Chess World Cup from October 30 to November 27, featuring 206 players in a knockout format; the host city will be announced later.The top 3 players of the tournament will qualify for the 2026 Candidates Tournament, which decides the challenger for the World Chess Championship. This event strengthens India’s growing chess legacy, having already hosted prestigious tournaments like the 2022 Chess Olympiad, Tata Steel Chess India, and the 2024 World Junior U20 Championships.

 

 

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Deepak Bagla Assumes Charge as Mission Director of Atal Innovation Mission: Deepak Bagla, former MD & CEO of Invest India, has assumed charge as the Mission Director of Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) under NITI Aayog.He brings extensive experience in banking, investment promotion, policy advisory, and leadership across multilateral institutions, government, and the private sector.

 

2. ISRO Chief Unveils Plans for Space Station by 2035 and Moon Mission by 2040: ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan announced that India plans to establish its own space station by 2035 and conduct an independent human moon mission by 2040, marking a major leap in the nation’s space ambitions.Reflecting on India’s humble beginnings, Dr. Narayanan highlighted the growth from a 17-metre rocket carrying 35 kg to today’s giant rockets as tall as 40-storey buildings, capable of lifting 74,000 kg payloads.He also emphasized the success of the Aditya mission, which made India one of only four countries to study the Sun via satellite, significantly enriching scientific data globally.

 

3. Kamchatka Earthquake 2025: The Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia experienced a series of powerful earthquakes. The strongest measured magnitude 7.4. These quakes occurred near the eastern coast, a region known for intense seismic activity due to tectonic plate interactions. Authorities issued tsunami warnings which were later cancelled as no waves were detected. The event brought into light the ongoing geological risks in this remote but geologically active area. Kamchatka sits at the junction of the Pacific and North American tectonic plates. This makes it a hotspot for earthquakes and volcanic activity. Since 1900, seven earthquakes of magnitude 8.3 or above have struck the region. The peninsula hosts 127 volcanoes, 22 active, including Klyuchevskaya Volcano, the highest peak at 4,750 metres. Volcanic activity and earthquakes are closely linked here.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Laraware Launches India’s First Fully AI-Powered Fintech Platform ‘Nxtbanking’: Laraware Pvt Ltd, under the leadership of Anvesh Tiwari, has launched India’s first fully AI-native fintech platform, Nxtbanking, aimed at revolutionizing digital financial services by offering scalability, compliance, and automation.Nxtbanking provides a plug-and-play AI-powered fintech stack with 50+ pre-integrated APIs and an 8-layer AI compliance engine, enabling instant onboarding, verification, transaction execution, and real-time fraud prevention.With features like real-time Aadhaar, PAN & bank verification, facial recognition, geo-tagging, and fraud scoring, the platform reduces go-to-market time from months to hours, offering banks, NBFCs, and fintechs a secure and intelligent ecosystem.

 

2. Jio Financial Services and Allianz Group Join Hands to Launch Reinsurance Joint Venture in India: Jio Financial Services (JFSL) and Allianz Group have signed a binding agreement to establish an equal domestic reinsurance joint venture (JV) aimed at enhancing risk management capabilities for the Indian insurance market.The partnership will combine JFSL’s strong local presence with Allianz’s global underwriting and reinsurance expertise, offering competitive capacity and improved risk solutions to Indian insurers.In addition to reinsurance, the companies have also signed a non-binding agreement to create joint ventures for general and life insurance businesses in India, further expanding their collaboration in the financial services sector.

 

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Daily GK Update- 21st July, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. PM Modi Unveils ₹5,400 Crore Development Projects in Durgapur: PM Modi laid the foundation stone, inaugurated, and dedicated projects worth over ₹5,400 crore in Durgapur, focusing on infrastructure upgrades, industrial identity, gas-based economy, and job creation, aligning with the “Make in India, Make for the World” vision.Major connectivity projects included road overbridges in Paschim Bardhaman under the Setu Bharatam scheme, the Purulia-Kotshila rail line doubling, and Kolkata Metro expansion, significantly enhancing safety, reducing travel time, and supporting industrial growth across West Bengal.Energy initiatives like the ₹1,190 crore Durgapur-Haldia Natural Gas Pipeline and City Gas Distribution projects in Bankura and Purulia (₹1,950 crore) aim to power lakhs of homes, vehicles, and industries with clean fuel, supporting the One Nation, One Gas Grid vision.

 

2. NIEPID and Jai Vakeel Foundation Join Hands to Launch Nationwide Structured Education for Children with Intellectual Disabilities: NIEPID and Jai Vakeel Foundation have signed an MoU in Mumbai to implement a structured and uniform education model for Children with Intellectual Disabilities (CwID) across India, ensuring standardized and inclusive learning nationwide.The collaboration will promote the NIEPID DISHA Curriculum as a holistic education framework, integrating training, research, and field-level implementation, tailored to the unique needs of children with intellectual disabilities.Key resources like the DISHA Assessment Checklist for IEPs, Multisensory Curriculum, Digital Portal, and Teacher Training modules will be made accessible to schools and organizations, expanding nationwide educational access for CwIDs.

 

3. Maharashtra Approves Renaming of Islampur to Ishwarpur: The Maharashtra government has approved the renaming of Islampur town in Sangli district to Ishwarpur, with Cabinet approval already secured and the proposal sent to the Union government for final clearance.The demand to rename Islampur dates back to 1986 and was revived by the Hindutva outfit Shiv Pratisthan, led by Sambhaji Bhide, which had warned of continued agitation until the demand was fulfilled.

 

4. Reliance Retail Acquires Iconic Brand Kelvinator: Reliance Retail Ventures Ltd. (RRVL), a division of Reliance Industries, has acquired the iconic consumer durables brand Kelvinator, known globally for pioneering electric refrigeration and famous in India during the 1970s–80s for its tagline “The Coolest One.”Additionally, Reliance Retail acquired a minority stake in U.K.-based wellness brand FACEGYM, reinforcing its strategy of delivering globally benchmarked, high-quality products and enhancing lifestyle offerings for Indian households.

 

 

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Rare 1931 Oil Portrait of Mahatma Gandhi Fetches Over $204,000 at London Auction: A rare oil portrait of Mahatma Gandhi, painted by British artist Clare Leighton in 1931, was sold for $204,648 at a Bonhams auction in London, far surpassing its estimated value of $64,000–$90,000.The painting is believed to be the only oil portrait Gandhi ever sat for, created during his visit to London for the Second Round Table Conference on India’s constitutional reforms.The artwork attracted strong global interest due to its historical significance and rarity, symbolizing a key moment in India’s freedom movement.

 

2. 20 July – International Chess Day: International Chess Day is celebrated every year on July 20, marking the foundation of FIDE (International Chess Federation) in 1924, uniting the global chess community in celebration.For 2025, the theme is “Every Move Counts“, emphasizing that every decision—on the chessboard or in life—has a lasting impact, highlighting the game’s deep connection with real-life choices.FIDE has declared this as the ‘Year of Social Chess’, promoting chess as a powerful tool for inclusion, education, empowerment, and mental well-being, with Indian players—from Viswanathan Anand to young prodigies—shining on the global stage.

 

3. 20 July – International Moon Day: International Moon Day is observed every year on July 20 to commemorate the first human landing on the Moon by NASA’s Apollo 11 mission in 1969, when astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the lunar surface.The day celebrates the achievements of space exploration and promotes international cooperation in lunar research, innovation, and peaceful uses of outer space. It was officially recognized by the United Nations in 2021.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. INS Sandhayak Makes Maiden Visit to Malaysia’s Port Klang to Promote MAHASAGAR Vision: INS Sandhayak, India’s first indigenously designed and built hydrographic survey ship, made its maiden port call to Port Klang, Malaysia to strengthen maritime ties and promote India’s MAHASAGAR vision for regional cooperation.The visit underscores India’s role in hydrographic capacity building under the Indian Naval Hydrographic Department (INHD) and aims to facilitate technical exchanges and institutional cooperation.Commissioned in February 2024, INS Sandhayak is equipped for deep-water surveys, oceanographic data collection, SAR and humanitarian missions, with onboard helicopter and hospital facilities.

 

2. Indian Navy Joins 32nd SIMBEX Exercise in Singapore: The Indian Navy will participate in the 32nd edition of SIMBEX (Singapore-India Maritime Bilateral Exercise), formerly known as Exercise Lion King, later this month in Singapore, strengthening maritime ties with the Republic of Singapore Navy.The Indian Navy’s recent complex HADR (Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief) and SAR (Search and Rescue) operations in the Arabian Sea have been internationally appreciated, highlighting India’s growing leadership in maritime response.Four Indian warships — INS Delhi, INS Satpura, INS Kiltan, and INS Shakti — have arrived in Singapore for SIMBEX under Rear Admiral Susheel Menon, showcasing India’s indigenous naval capability and commitment to joint training with ASEAN partners.

 

SPORTS

 

1. Hyderabad to Host 2nd Women’s Kabaddi World Cup 2025 from August 3–10: The second Women’s Kabaddi World Cup will be held in Hyderabad, Telangana, from August 3 to 10, 2025, at the Gachibowli Indoor Stadium.A total of 14 countries are expected to participate, with India as the host, and confirmed teams including Argentina, Bangladesh, Chinese Taipei, Germany, Holland, Iran, Japan, Kenya, Nepal, Thailand, Uganda, Zanzibar, and Poland (pending confirmation).Hyderabad is returning to the international kabaddi stage after 20 years, having last hosted the Asian Kabaddi Championship in 2005, reflecting its growing role in promoting women’s sports.

 

2. England to Host Next Three World Test Championship Finals: ICC: England will host the, as announced by the International Cricket Council (ICC) during its annual conference in Singapore.These finals are scheduled to be held in June, aligning with the English summer season and favourable weather conditions for test cricket.England has previously hosted the WTC finals in 2021 (Southampton), 2023 (The Oval), and will also host the 2025 edition at Lord’s, continuing its role as a key venue for red-ball cricket.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Jitendra Singh Launches NSCSTI 2.0 to Transform Civil Services Training with AI: Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh launched the National Standards for Civil Service Training Institutes 2.0 (NSCSTI 2.0) at CSOI, Delhi, developed by the Capacity Building Commission (CBC) to modernize civil services training across India.The revamped framework reduces evaluation metrics from 59 to 43, offering greater clarity and outcome-based assessments, and was shaped through consultations with over 160 training institutes and experts.NSCSTI 2.0 integrates hybrid learning models, AI-driven training, and Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) along with tools like the Karmayogi Competency Model (KCM) and Amrit Gyaan Kosh (AGK) to build a future-ready, citizen-centric bureaucracy.The framework is scalable across all levels of government — Central, State, and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), marking a key milestone in aligning training with global best practices and India’s governance vision.

 

2. Largest Known Martian Meteorite on Earth Sells for $5.3 Million at Sotheby’s Auction: A 54-pound (24.5 kg) Martian meteorite, known as NWA 16788, sold for $5.3 million at Sotheby’s, setting a new world auction record for a meteorite after a 15-minute bidding war.The meteorite, confirmed to be the largest known piece of Mars found on Earth, was discovered in November 2023 in Niger’s Sahara Desert by a local meteorite hunter.Scientists believe it was ejected from Mars around 5 million years ago by a massive asteroid or comet impact, travelling 140 million miles through space before landing intact in a remote desert region.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Sweden’s EQT Acquires Niwas Housing Finance: Swedish investment firm EQT has completed the acquisition of Niwas Housing Finance Ltd (formerly Indostar Home Finance) from IndoStar Capital Finance, marking a strategic move into India’s affordable housing finance sector.EQT plans to invest ₹500 crore ($58 million) as growth capital to drive geographic expansion and boost digital capabilities of Niwas Housing Finance.Founded in 2017, Niwas focuses on providing affordable home loans in Tier 2 to Tier 4 cities, having supported over 47,000 low-income homeowners and small businesses, with an AUM of over ₹3,000 crore as of March 31, 2025.

 

2. State Bank of India Named World’s Best Consumer Bank 2025 by Global Finance: State Bank of India has been awarded the title of “World’s Best Consumer Bank 2025” by Global Finance magazine, based on extensive global research, expert analysis, and insights from financial professionals worldwide.The award will be presented to SBI Chairman C.S. Setty at the World’s Best Bank event in Washington, D.C., on October 18, 2025, during the IMF/World Bank Annual Meetings. SBI’s recognition highlights its customer-first digital transformation strategy, which includes vernacular voice banking, 24/7 digital support, and AI-powered hyper-personalised services.

Daily GK Update- 20th July, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India Hosts 4th BIMSTEC Disaster Management Exercise to Boost Regional Preparedness for Cyclones and Floods: India’s National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) hosted the 4th BIMSTEC Disaster Management Exercise (DMEx) as a virtual tabletop exercise, with participation from all BIMSTEC member countries: India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, and Sri Lanka.The primary focus of the exercise was on cyclone and flood preparedness, aiming to assess and enhance response mechanisms for such disasters common in the Bay of Bengal region.Member countries shared best practices, tested their response strategies through simulated scenarios, and explored ways to strengthen regional coordination in disaster risk reduction and emergency management.

 

2. Swachh Survekshan 2024-25: The Swachh Survekshan 2024-25 results have reaffirmed Indore, Surat, and Navi Mumbai as India’s cleanest cities. These cities topped the newly introduced Super Swachh League, which honours sustained excellence in urban sanitation. This year’s survey brought new innovations to promote inclusivity and competition among cities of all sizes. Indore secured first place, followed by Surat and Navi Mumbai. Vijayawada ranked fourth. Ahmedabad, Bhopal, and Lucknow emerged as the leading Swachh Shehars in the new generation category. The survey recognised 78 entities including cities, cantonments, and institutions for their sanitation achievements. Prayagraj was awarded Best Ganga Town. Secunderabad Cantonment Board earned praise for sanitation efforts. Visakhapatnam, Jabalpur, and Gorakhpur were honoured for prioritising sanitation worker safety and dignity.

 

3. Chhattisgarh’s Vision 2047: The state of Chhattisgarh has revealed an ambitious plan to increase its GDP by 14 to 15 times by 2047. The focus is on expanding the service sector from 35% to 50% of the state’s economy. This transformation aims to complement the existing industrial and agricultural sectors and create a balanced and sustainable economic model. Chhattisgarh’s GDP presently stands at approximately Rs 5 lakh crore. The industrial sector contributes 45%, the service sector 35%, and agriculture 20%. The state aims to raise its GDP to Rs 75 lakh crore by 2047. The service sector’s rapid expansion is expected to drive this growth. Key drivers identified for service sector growth include information technology, logistics, and tourism. The state plans to develop IT parks and attract IT-enabled companies. Special emphasis is placed on establishing hubs for Hindi Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) and artificial intelligence startups. These initiatives are designed to generate employment and improve human capital.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Olympic Bronze Medallist Audun Gronvold Dies at 49: Olympic ski cross bronze medallist Audun Gronvold passed away at the age of 49 after being struck by lightning during a cabin trip, as confirmed by the Norwegian Ski Federation. Gronvold had a distinguished career in skiing, winning bronze at the 2010 Vancouver Olympics and the 2005 World Ski Championships, and representing Norway in alpine skiing from 1993–94 to 2003–04.

 

2. Global Measles Surge Linked To Falling Vaccination Rates: Measles cases have surged worldwide in 2024 and early 2025. The Global Virus Network (GVN), a coalition of virologists from over 40 countries, has brought into light this alarming trend. The rise is mainly due to declining vaccination coverage. The United States recorded its highest number of measles cases in 30 years. Similar outbreaks are seen across Africa, Europe, and Southeast Asia. Weak health systems and interrupted vaccination drives worsen the situation. Measles is highly contagious. The virus spreads rapidly among unvaccinated populations. In the US, vaccination rates dropped below the 95% needed for herd immunity. Nonmedical exemptions rose to 3.3% during the 2023-2024 school year. This decline enabled outbreaks in states like Texas, New Mexico, and California. Globally, war, displacement, and poor health infrastructure contributed to the surge.

 

3. Africa’s Wetlands Face Critical Degradation Challenges: Africa’s wetlands are rapidly degrading despite their vital role for millions. The 2025 Global Wetland Outlook (GWO) report reveals urbanisation and industrial growth as primary causes. Wetlands provide food, water, and protection from natural disasters and climate impacts. Their decline threatens ecosystems and livelihoods across the continent. Africa’s wetlands are among the most degraded globally. The GWO 2025 report marks widespread deterioration in Africa and Asia, contrasting with improvements in Europe and North America. South Africa’s wetlands, for example, are degrading faster than restoration efforts can keep pace. Many wetlands suffer unseen damage due to limited field assessments.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Amethi-Made AK-203 Rifles: The Indo-Russian Rifles Private Limited (IRRPL) is set to complete the delivery of 6.01 lakh AK-203 rifles nearly 22 months ahead of the planned schedule. The contract, valued at Rs 5,200 crore, was initially set to end by October 2032. However, IRRPL aims to finish by December 2030. This development marks milestone in India’s defence manufacturing capabilities. The AK-203 is a modernised version of the Kalashnikov assault rifle series. It is designed to be the primary weapon for Indian soldiers deployed along the northern and western borders. This includes sensitive zones like the Line of Control (LoC) and the Line of Actual Control (LAC). Each rifle undergoes 120 manufacturing processes and is made up of approximately 50 components and 180 sub-parts. The weapon has a service life of 15,000 rounds, ensuring durability in varied combat conditions. IRRPL has developed alternate sources for every material used in the AK-203, ensuring supply chain security within India. Quality control at the Amethi plant is being enhanced to become one of the best in the country. So far, around 48,000 rifles have been delivered. An additional 7,000 rifles are expected in the next 2-3 weeks, with 15,000 more planned by December 2025. The company plans to ramp up production to 1.5 lakh rifles annually to meet the armed forces’ demands.

 

2. INS Nistar Diving Support Vessel: The Indian Navy recently commissioned INS Nistar at the Naval Dockyard in Visakhapatnam. This vessel is the first of two indigenously designed diving support vessels (DSVs) built by Hindustan Shipyard Limited. The commissioning marks step in strengthening India’s underwater operational capabilities and maritime security across the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). INS Nistar revives a legacy from a submarine rescue vessel acquired from the Soviet Union in 1969. The original served until 1989 and was central to India’s diving and submarine rescue operations. The new INS Nistar builds on this heritage with over 80% indigenous content, involving around 120 micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). It is the first fully indigenously designed and constructed DSV in India.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production Using Mo-DHTA COF: Recent advances in photocatalysis have led to a breakthrough method for producing hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) using sunlight and water. Researchers have developed a novel material called Mo-DHTA COF that can synthesise H₂O₂ efficiently and sustainably. This innovation promises to transform industries by providing a greener alternative to conventional hydrogen peroxide production. Hydrogen peroxide is a vital chemical used in wound cleaning, water purification, fuel cells, and industrial processes. It decomposes into water and oxygen, making it environmentally friendly. However, traditional production methods are energy-heavy, costly, and polluting. A cleaner, more efficient synthesis method is needed to meet growing demand sustainably. Common photocatalysts like metal oxides, graphitic carbon nitride, polymers, and metal-organic frameworks have drawbacks. These include wide band gaps limiting light absorption, poor stability, and low electron mobility. Such factors reduce their efficiency in producing hydrogen peroxide under sunlight.

 

2. India’s Automotive Mission Plan 2047: The Government of India has launched the Automotive Mission Plan 2047 (AMP 2047) to transform India into a global automotive leader by 2047. This strategic roadmap aligns with the broader ‘Viksit Bharat @2047’ vision. The plan emphasises innovation, sustainability, and increased global trade share. Multiple ministries, industry bodies, academia, and experts are collaborating to set clear milestones for 2030, 2037, and 2047. AMP 2047 builds on the earlier AMP 2016-2026 initiative. The previous plan aimed to place India among the top three global automotive hubs by value addition, exports, and job creation. AMP 2047 seeks to expand this vision with a stronger focus on technology, quality, and sustainability. Seven expert sub-committees have been formed to guide the process. They include representatives from government, industry, and academia.

 

3. Largest Black Hole Merger: Recent observations have revealed the merger of two extraordinarily massive black holes. This event marks the largest black hole collision detected via gravitational waves. The discovery challenges existing theories about black hole formation and offers fresh vital information about cosmic evolution. Gravitational waves are ripples in spacetime caused by massive objects in motion. Predicted by Albert Einstein in 1915, they were first detected a century later in 2015. These waves are extremely faint and require highly sensitive instruments such as the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) to observe them. Since then, hundreds of black hole mergers have been identified through gravitational wave signals.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Department of Posts Signs MoU with AMFI to Simplify KYC for Mutual Fund Investors Across India: The Department of Posts (DoP) and the Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI) signed an MoU in Mumbai to simplify KYC verification for mutual fund investors, impacting over 24.13 crore folios.The agreement enables more than 1.64 lakh post offices across India to assist in investor KYC and document collection.

 

2. India saw rapid mutual fund investor growth: 4 million (FY23), 6.9 million (FY24), and 9.7 million (FY25), creating the need for robust KYC support.The partnership will help all AMFI-member Asset Management Companies (AMCs) by improving KYC processes and expanding financial inclusion.

 

3. Axis Bank Appoints Neeraj Gambhir as Executive Director: Axis Bank has appointed Neeraj Gambhir as Executive Director, effective from August 4, 2025, or after RBI approval, following the retirement of Rajiv Anand on August 3, after completing his third term on the board.Neeraj Gambhir, a 52-year-old financial sector veteran, has over 30 years of experience, having served as Managing Director at Nomura India, and previously worked with Lehman Brothers and ICICI Bank.He is a member of SEBI’s advisory committees on Mutual Funds and Corporate Bonds & Securitisation (COBOSAC) and holds a Computer Science Engineering degree along with a PGDM from IIM Lucknow, where he received the PGP Chairman’s Medal.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. INCOIS Honoured with National Geospatial Practitioner Award 2025 for Excellence in Open-Source Spatial Technologies: The Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) received the National Geospatial Practitioner Award 2025 for its exceptional use of open-source spatial technologies.The award was conferred during Open Source GIS Day (Edition 02) held at IIT Bombay.The award was presented to INCOIS Director T.M. Balakrishnan Nair by former ISRO Chairman A.S. Kiran Kumar.

Daily GK Update- 19th July, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Indore Tops Swachh Survekshan 2024-25 for 8th Year: President Droupadi Murmu presented the 9th edition of the Swachh Survekshan Awards 2024-25 in New Delhi, organised by the Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, which launched the survey in 2016.The 9th edition surveyed over 4900 cities under SBM-Urban with the theme “Reduce, Reuse, Recycle”, introduced the Super Swachh League, school-level assessments, population-based indicators, and penalties for false data, enhancing overall transparency and citizen participation.Indore (Madhya Pradesh) retained its title as India’s cleanest city for the 8th consecutive year, followed by Surat (Gujarat) and Navi Mumbai (Maharashtra) in second and third place respectively.Prayagraj received the award for Best Ganga Town, while Secunderabad Cantonment Board was honoured as the Best Cantonment Board for outstanding sanitation work.

 

2. Department of Posts Signs MoU with AMFI to Simplify KYC for Mutual Fund Investors Across India: The Department of Posts (DoP) and the Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI) signed an MoU in Mumbai to simplify KYC verification for mutual fund investors, impacting over 24.13 crore folios.The agreement enables more than 1.64 lakh post offices across India to assist in investor KYC and document collection.India saw rapid mutual fund investor growth: 4 million (FY23), 6.9 million (FY24), and 9.7 million (FY25), creating the need for robust KYC support.The partnership will help all AMFI-member Asset Management Companies (AMCs) by improving KYC processes and expanding financial inclusion.

 

3. Gujarat launches India’s first tribal genome project to tackle inherited diseases: Gujarat has launched India’s first genome sequencing project, specifically focused on tribal communities to address inherited and genetic health issues.The project, titled “Creation of Reference Genome Database for Tribal Population in Gujarat,” will sequence the genomes of 2,000 individuals from tribal groups across 17 districts.Implemented by the Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), the project is part of the 2025–26 State budget and involves advanced infrastructure for sample collection, sequencing, and data analysis.

 

4. India Hosts 4th BIMSTEC Disaster Management Exercise to Boost Regional Preparedness for Cyclones and Floods: India’s National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) hosted the 4th BIMSTEC Disaster Management Exercise (DMEx) as a virtual tabletop exercise, with participation from all BIMSTEC member countries: India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, and Sri Lanka.The primary focus of the exercise was on cyclone and flood preparedness, aiming to assess and enhance response mechanisms for such disasters common in the Bay of Bengal region.

Member countries shared best practices, tested their response strategies through simulated scenarios, and explored ways to strengthen regional coordination in disaster risk reduction and emergency management.

 

5. Axis Bank Appoints Neeraj Gambhir as Executive Director: Axis Bank has appointed Neeraj Gambhir as Executive Director, effective from August 4, 2025, or after RBI approval, following the retirement of Rajiv Anand on August 3, after completing his third term on the board.Neeraj Gambhir, a 52-year-old financial sector veteran, has over 30 years of experience, having served as Managing Director at Nomura India, and previously worked with Lehman Brothers and ICICI Bank.He is a member of SEBI’s advisory committees on Mutual Funds and Corporate Bonds & Securitisation (COBOSAC) and holds a Computer Science Engineering degree along with a PGDM from IIM Lucknow, where he received the PGP Chairman’s Medal.

 

6. Nitin Gupta Appointed as Chairperson of NFRA: The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has appointed Nitin Gupta, former CBDT Chairman and IRS officer, as the new Chairperson of the National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA).The post had been vacant since March 31, after the tenure of Ajay Bhushan Prasad Pandey ended; CCI chief Ravneet Kaur was handling it as additional charge until now.Along with Gupta, the government also appointed Smita Jhingran, P. Daniel, and Sushil Kumar Jaiswal as Full-Time Members of the NFRA.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. US Designates The Resistance Front As Terrorist Group: The US Department of State designated The Resistance Front (TRF) as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) and Specially Designated Global Terrorist (SDGT) in July 2025. This move marks step in international counter-terrorism cooperation, particularly between India and the US. TRF claimed responsibility for the April 2025 Pahalgam attack in South Kashmir, which killed 26 people. Indian External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar welcomed the designation as a strong affirmation of joint efforts against terrorism. The Resistance Front surfaced in 2020 amid rising tensions in Jammu and Kashmir. It is an offshoot of the Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), formed to continue militant activities after LeT’s leadership suffered heavy losses in Kashmir. The group gained attention after deadly encounters with Indian security forces, including a May 2020 gunbattle in Keran that killed five army commandos and five militants. TRF’s emergence followed two major events – the killing of LeT commanders in 2018 and the revocation of Article 370 in 2019, which removed Jammu and Kashmir’s special status.

 

2. China’s GDP Growth Defies Global Economic Challenges: China’s economy expanded by 5.2% in the second quarter of 2025. This growth surpassed global analysts’ expectations despite ongoing trade tensions and tariffs imposed by the United States. The steady economic performance marks China’s resilience amid structural challenges and shifting global trade patterns. China’s GDP growth in Q2 2025 was 5.2%, following a 5.4% increase in Q1. These figures exceeded market estimates of around 4.5%. The country is on track to meet its annual growth target of approximately 5%. Manufacturing output and industrial production remained robust. Exports rose overall despite a 26% drop in shipments to the US, compensated by higher exports to ASEAN, Africa, and the EU. China’s growth has slowed compared to its three-decade boom driven by manufacturing and exports. The economy faces structural imbalances due to heavy reliance on exports and a real estate sector that has recently collapsed. The downfall of Evergrande, a major real estate company, triggered a crisis affecting consumer confidence and domestic demand. Real estate remains part of household wealth, and its decline has increased unemployment, particularly youth unemployment which reached over 20%.

 

3. Chronic Venous Insufficiency in US President Trump: US President Donald Trump was diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), a common vascular condition causing swelling in the legs. The diagnosis followed medical evaluations after visible ankle swelling and bruising on his hand raised public concern. His physician confirmed the condition is manageable and ruled out more serious illnesses. This disclosure continued the administration’s commitment to transparency about the president’s health. Chronic venous insufficiency occurs when leg veins fail to efficiently return blood to the heart. This results from damaged or weakened valves in the veins. Blood pools in the lower limbs, causing swelling and discomfort. CVI is progressive and common in older adults, especially those over 70. Risk factors include prolonged standing or sitting, obesity, and family history of venous diseases.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. HAL Receives First LCA Mk1A Wing Assemblies from L&T: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) received the first set of wing assemblies for the LCA Mk1A from Larsen & Toubro (L&T), at Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.L&T will initially supply 4 wing sets annually, with plans to scale up to 12 sets per year using advanced assembly processes and automation.Various components for the LCA Mk1A have been sourced from multiple Indian firms including Lakshmi Machine Works, Alpha Tocol, Amphenol, Tata Advanced Systems, VEM Technologies, and now L&T.

 

SPORTS

 

1. Olympic Bronze Medallist Audun Gronvold Dies at 49: Olympic ski cross bronze medallist Audun Gronvold passed away at the age of 49 after being struck by lightning during a cabin trip, as confirmed by the Norwegian Ski Federation.Gronvold had a distinguished career in skiing, winning bronze at the 2010 Vancouver Olympics and the 2005 World Ski Championships, and representing Norway in alpine skiing from 1993–94 to 2003–04.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. India Launches YD One Lightest Active Wheelchair Developed by IIT Madras: YD One, developed by IIT Madras in collaboration with TTK Centre for Rehabilitation Research and Device Development and THRYV Mobility, is India’s lightest active rigid-frame wheelchair, weighing just 8.5 kg.The wheelchair features a minimalistic monoframe design made from aerospace-grade material, and is available in 14 colors and customizable sizes ranging from 13 to 18 inches.It underwent rigorous testing, including 2 lakh double drum test cycles and 6,666 drop tests with a 120 kg load, passing without even a scratch, demonstrating its precision engineering and durability.

 

2. Lightest Brain Control Device Guides Bee Movement: Recent advancements in brain control technology have led Chinese researchers to develop the world’s lightest device capable of directing a bee’s movement. The device weighs only 74 milligrams, lighter than the nectar a bee carries. It is fixed on the bee’s back and connects directly to its brain through fine needles. Electrical signals transmitted by the device allow precise control over the bee’s flight and walking directions. This innovation opens new possibilities for insect-based robotic systems with applications in surveillance, disaster relief, and security operations. The device was created by a research team at the Beijing Institute of Technology. It was published in the Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering in June 2025. The device uses ultra-thin flexible film circuits nearly as thin as an insect wing. Multiple microchips embedded in the film enable complex commands via infrared remote control. This design marks improvement over previous models, which were heavier and less flexible.

 

3. Alien Plant Invasion Threatens Tropical Biodiversity: Recent studies reveal a rapid spread of alien plant species across tropical ecosystems. This invasion is altering native flora and destabilising rich biodiversity. Climate change and human actions accelerate this trend. The Greater Tropics, home to most of Earth’s biodiversity and a billion people, face serious ecological and economic risks. Urgent research and restoration efforts are needed to address these challenges. Alien plants are species introduced outside their native regions by human activity. Since the 1950s, their spread has increased exponentially. Currently, about 4% of plant species globally—between 13,939 and 18,543—exist beyond their original ranges. In the Greater Tropics, nearly 9,831 alien plants are established. Islands are particularly affected, with some having more alien than native species. Examples include Guam with 66.5% and Tahiti with 73.8% alien flora.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. UN SDG Report 2025: The 2025 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Report reveals a worrying slowdown or reversal in progress across 35 per cent of targets. With only five years remaining to meet the 2030 Agenda, critical goals such as Zero Hunger, Quality Education, and Clean Water are most affected. The report puts stress on the urgent need for multilateral cooperation and financial reforms to reinvigorate global efforts. The report shows that 35 per cent of measurable targets under 14 of the 17 SDGs have stalled or moved backward. Particularly affected are SDG2 (Zero Hunger), SDG4 (Quality Education), SDG6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and SDG10 (Reduced Inequalities). Between 50 and 57 per cent of targets in these areas are off-track. Other goals like Responsible Consumption (SDG12), Life Below Water (SDG14), and Peace and Justice (SDG16) also face setbacks.

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. INCOIS Honoured with National Geospatial Practitioner Award 2025 for Excellence in Open-Source Spatial Technologies: The Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) received the National Geospatial Practitioner Award 2025 for its exceptional use of open-source spatial technologies.The award was conferred during Open Source GIS Day (Edition 02) held at IIT Bombay.The award was presented to INCOIS Director T.M. Balakrishnan Nair by former ISRO Chairman A.S. Kiran Kumar.