Daily GK Update- 1st Nov, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. DoSJE Signs MoU with Persolkelly India to Boost Employment Opportunities for SC and Backward Class Communities: The Department of Social Justice & Empowerment (DoSJE) signed an MoU with Persolkelly India Pvt. Ltd., a leading HR and staffing company, to enhance employment opportunities for candidates from Scheduled Castes (SC) and Backward Classes (BC) communities.Through this initiative, verified candidate data will be shared with the HR partner to enable better placements, while beneficiaries will receive free counselling, resume building, interview preparation, and placement assistance.The partnership ensures data privacy, transparency, and regular monitoring, while helping connect skilled SC and BC candidates with suitable jobs across sectors.

 

2. PM Modi Inaugurates ₹1,219 Crore Development Projects in Kevadia of Sardar Patel’s 150th Jayanti: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated and laid the foundation stones for several development projects worth ₹1,219 crore in Kevadia, of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s 150th birth anniversary.The projects include the Birsa Munda Bhavan, a residential complex for GSEC and SSNNL employees, the first phase of the hospitality district, and a Bonsai Garden, enhancing the region’s cultural and tourism infrastructure.During the event, the PM also flagged off electric buses to promote eco-friendly transport and released a commemorative coin and postage stamp in honor of the Iron Man of India, Sardar Patel.

 

3. Government Launches ‘Model Youth Gram Sabha’ Initiative to Empower Students in Grassroots Democracy Across 1,000+ Schools Nationwide: The Ministry of Panchayati Raj, in collaboration with the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, launched the first-ever “Model Youth Gram Sabha (MYGS)” initiative on 30th October 2025 in New Delhi.During the event, a Training Module and the MYGS Portal were unveiled to enhance the effective implementation of the initiative, strengthen teacher capacity, and encourage active student participation in grassroots democracy.The initiative will be implemented across over 1,000 schools nationwide, including Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNVs), Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRSs), and various State Government Schools.

 

4. Justice Surya Kant Appointed as 53rd Chief Justice of India: Justice Surya Kant was appointed as the 53rd Chief Justice of India (CJI) on October 30, 2025, and will assume office on November 24, 2025, serving till February 9, 2027.The Department of Justice, Union Law Ministry, issued the official notification of his appointment; he will succeed Justice Bhushan R. Gavai, who retires on November 23.A distinguished legal career began in 1985 at the Punjab and Haryana High Court, where he later became the youngest Advocate General of Haryana in 2000 and was elevated as a High Court Judge in 2004.Justice Surya Kant has also served as Chief Justice of Himachal Pradesh High Court (2018), was elevated to the Supreme Court (2019), and currently serves as the Executive Chairman of NALSA (since May 2025).

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. UN Launches First-Ever Global Convention Against Cybercrime in Hanoi to Strengthen International Digital Security Framework: The United Nations Convention against Cybercrime was held in Hanoi, Vietnam, in October 2025, co-hosted by Vietnam and the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), marking a major global effort to combat cybercrime.The Convention opened for signature on 25–26 October 2025 in Hanoi and will remain open at the UN Headquarters in New York until 31 December 2026, allowing countries to join the global framework.It aims to establish the world’s first international legal framework to prevent, investigate, and prosecute cybercrimes, including ransomware, financial fraud, and non-consensual sharing of intimate images — the first treaty to criminalise such digital offences.

 

2. Malaysia Hands Over ASEAN Chairmanship to the Philippines at 47th ASEAN Summit: Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Chairmanship was formally handed over by Anwar Ibrahim of Malaysia to Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. of Philippines, who will assume the chairmanship in 2026.The handover took place at the closing ceremony of the 47th ASEAN Summit in Kuala Lumpur, with Malaysia symbolically passing the gavel to the Philippines, marking Manila’s sixth term as ASEAN Chair.The transition highlights ASEAN’s evolving focus on deepening regional integration, broadening membership (e.g., the accession of TimorLeste as the 11th member), and reinforcing the bloc’s role amid growing global geopolitical and economic challenges.

 

3. 30 October – World Thrift Day: World Thrift Day is observed every year on 30 October in India to promote the importance of saving money and financial security among citizens.The day was first celebrated in 1924 during the First International Thrift Congress held in Milan, Italy, where the concept of promoting thrift and savings was introduced.Theme 2025 – Conquer your Tomorrow

 

OTHER UPDATES:

 

DEFENCE

 

1. Indian Navy Leads Tri-Services Exercise “Trishul” 2025: The Indian Navy will lead the Tri-Services Exercise (TSE-2025) “Trishul,” conducted jointly with the Indian Army and Indian Air Force. Scheduled to begin in early November 2025, the large-scale operation aims to enhance synergy, interoperability, and joint operational readiness among the three Services. The exercise will be coordinated by the Headquarters Western Naval Command in collaboration with all three Services. It will cover diverse terrains, including the creek and desert sectors of Rajasthan and Gujarat, and extend to maritime zones in the North Arabian Sea. The operations will involve amphibious missions, carrier-based operations, and extensive land-air-sea coordination, marking one of India’s largest integrated military drills. Principal formations taking part include the Army’s Southern Command, the Navy’s Western Command, and the Air Force’s South Western Command. The Indian Coast Guard, Border Security Force, and several central agencies are also contributing, ensuring comprehensive inter-agency coordination. Their participation underlines India’s focus on jointness across uniformed and civil defence entities to address modern security challenges.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Aptostichus ramirezae: California’s Hidden Spider: A new species of trapdoor spider, “Aptostichus ramirezae”, has been discovered by scientists from the University of California, Davis. Found in California’s coastal dunes, this hidden species was previously mistaken for its close relative “Aptostichus simus”. The finding not only expands scientific understanding of spider diversity but also highlights urgent conservation concerns for fragile coastal ecosystems. The discovery, published in “Ecology and Evolution”, emerged from a detailed genetic analysis of spiders long thought to be “Aptostichus simus”. Researchers found distinct genomic differences, confirming that populations across the California coast actually represent two separate species. The newly recognised “Aptostichus ramirezae” is named after arachnologist Martina Giselle Ramirez for her pioneering research and mentorship in spider genetics. Trapdoor spiders are elusive relatives of tarantulas. Females spend their lives in silk-lined burrows hidden beneath sand, emerging only to capture prey lured by surface vibrations. Their hinged, camouflaged trapdoor conceals them from predators and passersby alike. This adaptation makes them masters of concealment, thriving unnoticed along the California shoreline from Monterey to Baja California.

 

2. The Neuroscience behind Popcorn Brain: Modern lives are steeped in rapid digital stimuli. Constant alerts, short videos and infinite feeds train the mind to expect novelty every few seconds. This pattern, dubbed “popcorn brain”, leaves the brain restless in quiet moments, shortens attention spans, and erodes patience for deep work or slow leisure. The term captures a brain primed for bursts—like kernels popping—rather than sustained thought. Offline, this creates agitation, fidgeting and urges to check a screen. Activities once soothing, such as reading or unhurried conversation, start to feel dull. Over time, the threshold for stimulation rises and calm feels uncomfortable. Notifications and scrolling trigger quick dopamine hits that reward micro-checking. App-hopping fragments working memory and makes task-switching habitual. The prefrontal cortex—key for planning and self-control—gets overruled by reward-seeking loops. Sleep debt and blue-light exposure further impair executive function, compounding lapses in focus the next day.

 

 

 

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. SBI and BoB to Lead Creation of Indian Digital Payment Intelligence Corporation (IDPIC) to Curb Bank Frauds in Real Time: The State Bank of India (SBI) and Bank of Baroda (BoB) will lead the establishment of a new digital payments intelligence platform aimed at detecting and preventing fraudulent transactions in real time across Indian banks.The new entity, named Indian Digital Payment Intelligence Corporation (IDPIC), will be incorporated as a Section 8 company with an authorised capital of ₹500 crore and a paid-up capital of ₹200 crore, with all 12 state-run banks holding equity stakes.The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has approved IDPIC’s articles of association, and initially, two senior executives from SBI and BoB will serve as directors, with SBI contributing ₹10 crore as initial funding.

 

2. Modi launches ₹1 lakh-crore RDI fund at ESTIC: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Emerging Science & Technology Innovation Conclave (ESTIC) 2025 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, unveiling a ₹1 lakh-crore Research, Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme Fund to catalyse private R&D. He also announced the Anusandhan Research Foundation to strengthen research across universities and industry. The RDI Fund targets high-risk, high-impact projects that often struggle for capital. It aims to derisk early stages, crowd-in private money, and accelerate commercialisation. The Prime Minister framed the corpus as a bridge from lab to market, signalling policy support for deep-tech, hardware and frontier science. The new foundation will coordinate competitive grants, fellowships and centres of excellence. It is designed to tighten links among universities, startups and industry. The goal is steady pipelines of translational research, better IP generation, and faster scale-up of breakthroughs into domestic manufacturing.

 

Daily GK Update- 30th Oct, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Uttarakhand to Impose Green Tax on Out-of-State Vehicles from December 1: Uttarakhand government will implement a green tax on vehicles entering from other states starting December 1, 2025, aimed at reducing pollution, protecting the Himalayan ecosystem, and promoting environmental sustainability.The tax rates will vary by vehicle type — ₹80 for small passenger vehicles, ₹250 for small goods carriers, ₹140 for buses, and ₹120–₹700 for trucks, depending on their load capacity, as per the state transport department.To ensure strict enforcement, Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) cameras are being installed at border checkpoints — 16 are already operational, and the number will be increased to 37 entry points across the state.The initiative aligns with the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways guidelines on green taxation, aiming to discourage use of old, polluting vehicles, promote cleaner alternatives, and generate revenue for anti-pollution measures — a system already in place in states like Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand.

 

2. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) and Viasat India Partner to Commercialise UAV Solutions: Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) and Viasat India have expanded their collaboration in the satellite communication (satcom) sector to commercialise Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) solutions and promote skill development through a Centre of Excellence at BRBRAITT, focusing on UAVs, IoT, and emerging technologies.The partnership will introduce Viasat’s Velaris uncrewed air solutions in India, offering secure and reliable satellite connectivity for UAVs operating beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) using Viasat’s global L-band satellite network.This collaboration aligns with India’s Digital India mission, aiming to strengthen the low-altitude economy by fostering innovation, building indigenous technological capabilities, and enabling new opportunities in drone-based and advanced air mobility services.

 

3. Vigilance Awareness Week 2025 Begins Nationwide with Theme “Vigilance – Our Shared Responsibility”: Vigilance Awareness Week 2025 (from 27 October to 2 November) began across India to promote integrity, ethics, and transparency in public life, with the theme “Vigilance – Our Shared Responsibility.”The week commenced with pledge-taking ceremonies by public servants across ministries, departments, PSUs, banks, and organizations, led by Central Vigilance Commissioner Praveen Kumar Srivastava and Vigilance Commissioner A. S. Rajeev at the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC), New Delhi.The observance, held annually in the last week of October to coincide with the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, includes awareness programs and activities to fight corruption and promote good governance.

 

4. Rishikesh’s Iconic Laxman Jhula Replaced by 132-Metre Glass Suspension Bridge ‘Bajrang Setu’: The historic Laxman Jhula, built in 1929 and closed in 2019 due to safety concerns, is being replaced by Bajrang Setu — a 132.5-meter-long glass suspension bridge over the Ganges River in Rishikesh, scheduled for completion by December 2025.Bajrang Setu features 3.5-inch thick toughened glass walkways, two-way lanes for light vehicles, and a design inspired by the Kedarnath Temple, with intricately carved towers symbolizing Uttarakhand’s cultural heritage.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. NITI Aayog Unveils Roadmap to Position India as a Global Leader in Advanced Manufacturing by 2035: NITI Aayog’s Frontier Tech Hub launched the roadmap “Reimagining Manufacturing: India’s Roadmap to Global Leadership in Advanced Manufacturing”, unveiled by Maharashtra CM Devendra Fadnavis and top dignitaries in Pune.The roadmap identifies AI & ML, Advanced Materials, Digital Twins, and Robotics as high-impact technologies across 13 priority sectors, aiming to raise manufacturing’s share to 25% of GDP and create 100 million jobs by 2035.It provides a 10-year strategic roadmap to overcome barriers in R&D, infrastructure, and workforce readiness, warning of potential losses of US$ 270 billion by 2035 and US$ 1 trillion by 2047 if frontier technologies aren’t adopted.Developed jointly by NITI Aayog, CII, and Deloitte, the roadmap envisions India as a global advanced manufacturing hub and aligns with the national vision of Viksit Bharat @ 2047 through innovation-driven industrial transformation.

 

2. Taftan Volcano Near Iran–Pakistan Border Shows Signs of Awakening After 700,000 Years of Dormancy: The Taftan volcano, located near the Iran–Pakistan border, is showing renewed volcanic activity after being dormant for over 700,000 years, according to a study published in Geophysical Research Letters.Between July 2023 and May 2024, the volcano’s summit rose by 3.5 inches, indicating gas pressure buildup beneath the surface; scientists warn it could release energy either violently or quietly in the future.

 

3. Bhutan to Host Global Peace Prayer Festival 2025 in Thimphu from November 4 to 19: Bhutan’s capital, Thimphu, will host the Global Peace Prayer Festival (GPPF) from November 4 to 19, 2025, aiming to promote world peace, compassion, and harmony amid global conflicts.The festival will feature spiritual leaders and monks from all schools of Buddhism, with key rituals like Jabzhi Dhoechog and Kalachakra initiation, along with the launch of the Guru App for spiritual guidance.A major highlight will be the ordination of over 250 Buddhist nuns (Gelongma) from November 15 to 19 — a landmark step toward gender equality in monastic traditions of Vajrayana Buddhism.

 

4. 28 October – International Animation Day: International Animation Day is celebrated every year on October 28, marking the first public performance of animated films by French artist Émile Reynaud in 1892 at the Musée Grévin in Paris.The day was proclaimed in 2002 by the International Animated Film Association (ASIFA) to honor the history, creativity, and evolution of animation as an art form.Various film screenings, workshops, and exhibitions are organized worldwide to recognize the contribution of animators and promote appreciation for animated films and visual storytelling.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. India Maritime Week 2025 Inaugurated in Mumbai: Showcasing India’s $1 Trillion Maritime Vision: India Maritime Week 2025 (IMW 2025) was inaugurated at NESCO Grounds, Mumbai, organized by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW) in partnership with the Indian Ports Association under the theme “Uniting Oceans, One Maritime Vision.”Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated the event, attended by chief ministers of key coastal states — Devendra Fadnavis (Maharashtra), Bhupendra Patel (Gujarat), Pramod Sawant (Goa), and Mohan Charan Majhi (Odisha).The five-day event (Oct 27–31) brings together delegations from 11 countries, 100,000+ delegates from 85+ nations, 500+ exhibitors, and 350+ speakers, focusing on investment, innovation, and collaboration in maritime sectors such as ports, logistics, shipbuilding, green shipping, and inland waterways.The event supports national visions like Maritime India Vision 2030 and Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047, with Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal emphasizing a $1 trillion maritime investment roadmap to make India a global maritime hub and Blue Economy leader.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Sujeet Kalkal Clinches Gold for India in Men’s Freestyle 65kg at U-23 World Wrestling Championships: India’s Sujeet Kalkal clinched the gold medal in the men’s freestyle 65 kg category at the U-23 World Wrestling Championships, defeating Uzbekistan’s Umidjon Jalolov by a dominant 10–0 margin.This is Sujeet Kalkal’s first-ever world title; he already holds two U-23 Asian titles and one U-20 Asian Championship gold.The Indian women’s team performed impressively at the same event, winning 5 bronze, 2 silver medals, and securing the team championship title, while Sujeet’s was India’s only men’s medal this year.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. India Grants Import Licences for Rare Earth Magnets from China: The Indian government has issued the first batch of import licences to four domestic firms, including the Indian arms of global suppliers such as Hitachi and Continental India, enabling them to directly procure rare earth (RE) magnets from China. This move offers significant relief to India’s automotive sector, which has faced severe disruptions since Beijing tightened export controls on these essential materials in April. The approved licences mark a key breakthrough, representing the first official clearances since China—responsible for nearly 90% of global RE magnet production—implemented stricter export procedures. These magnets, particularly neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB), are crucial for manufacturing electric vehicle (EV) motors, wind turbines, and a range of high-performance electronics. India’s dependence on Chinese supplies had placed its EV sector at risk, with manufacturers warning of possible production delays and cost escalations. Industry sources revealed that the import licences are conditional and come with stringent checks. Companies must guarantee that the magnets will be used solely for civilian and automotive applications and not for defence purposes. Additionally, importers were required to obtain clearances from the Director General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) and provide assurances to Chinese authorities.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. UPI Launches ‘Pay with Mutual Fund’ Feature, Enabling Real-Time Payments Directly from Investments — A Global First in Fintech: India’s UPI has introduced a groundbreaking feature called ‘Pay with Mutual Fund’, allowing users to make real-time payments directly from their liquid mutual fund holdings — a global first in retail fintech innovation.The feature is backed by ICICI Prudential AMC, Bajaj Finserv AMC, and fintech startup Curie Money, enabling investors to use their liquid mutual fund units like a digital wallet for instant transactions.When a UPI payment is made, the equivalent amount is automatically redeemed from the user’s liquid mutual fund, providing seamless and instant fund transfer without routing money through a bank account.Liquid mutual funds, known for their low risk, high liquidity, and stable returns (around 6–7%), are ideal for this feature, combining investment growth with instant payment convenience.

 

2. RBI Launches HaRBInger 2025 Global Hackathon to Foster Secure and Inclusive Banking Innovations: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) launched HaRBInger 2025 – Innovation for Transformation, its fourth global hackathon, to promote secure, inclusive, and identity-driven banking innovations using emerging technologies.The theme for HaRBInger 2025 is “Secure Banking: Powered by Identity, Integrity, and Inclusivity,” focusing on protecting customer identity, fostering trust, and ensuring inclusive access to financial systems.Participants will develop solutions for three key problem areas — Tokenized KYC, Offline CBDC, and Enhancing Trust in Digital Financial Services — addressing major challenges in digital banking and security.

Registrations began on 23 October 2025, inviting individuals, startups, fintechs, and institutions globally, with entries evaluated on innovation, feasibility, and user-centric design.

 

3. VFS Capital Withdraws Application for Small Finance Bank Licence, Despite Strong FY25 Performance: VFS Capital Limited, a West Bengal-based NBFC-MFI, has withdrawn its application for a Small Finance Bank (SFB) licence, which it had submitted under the RBI’s “on tap” licensing guidelines for private sector SFBs.Incorporated in 1994, VFS Capital—formerly Village Financial Services Pvt Ltd—focuses on providing microfinance loans to rural women through the Joint Liability Group (JLG) model, with complete digital loan disbursement.The company’s promoters, Ajit Kumar Maity (Chairman) and Kuldip Maity (MD & CEO), hold 92.74% of the shareholding, while IDFC First Bank owns 7.03% as of December 2023.

 

Daily GK Update- 29th Oct, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Mahuadanr Wolf Sanctuary: India’s Only Haven Dedicated to the Elusive Indian Grey Wolf: Mahuadanr Wolf Sanctuary in Jharkhand’s Latehar district is India’s only wildlife sanctuary dedicated to the Indian grey wolf, a smaller and more elusive species adapted to dry grasslands and open forests.The sanctuary offers a raw, untouched wildlife experience, best visited between October and June, with peak wolf activity during the breeding season (November–February); nearby attractions include Netarhat hill station, Lodh Falls, and Betla National Park.Local tribal communities play a crucial role in conservation through traditional practices like avoiding forest entry during denning season and revering Sal trees, creating natural safe zones that help wolves thrive.

 

2. Ministry of Women and Child Development Launches New Helpline Number 1515 for POSHAN and PMMVY from November 1, 2025: The Ministry of Women and Child Development has announced a new toll-free helpline number 1515 for POSHAN and Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY), effective from 1st November 2025, replacing the existing number 14408.The change aims to make the helpline easier to remember and improve accessibility for beneficiaries seeking assistance under both nutrition and maternity benefit schemes.During the transition phase, callers facing connectivity issues with the new number 1515 can continue to use the old number 14408 until full integration is completed.

 

3. NBA Releases ₹55 Lakh to Tamil Nadu Farmers for Red Sanders Cultivation: The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) has released ₹55 lakh to 18 farmers and cultivators of Red Sanders in Tiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, under the Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) framework—marking India’s first-ever farmer benefit-sharing initiative for biodiversity conservation.This step follows the NBA’s earlier ₹48 crore ABS release to forest departments of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, and aligns with the 2015 Expert Committee recommendations and the 2019 DGFT policy relaxation that allowed export of cultivated Red Sanders.The initiative promotes farm-based conservation and sustainable trade of Red Sanders, an endemic and valuable species of the Eastern Ghats, ensuring community participation, fair compensation, and reduced pressure on wild populations through legally cultivated sources.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Taal Volcano in the Philippines Spews Ash in Minor Eruptions; Alert Level Remains Low: Taal Volcano in the Philippines experienced four minor eruptions, producing steam-driven (phreatic) and steam-and-magma (phreatomagmatic) blasts with ash plumes rising up to 2,100 meters, as reported by PHIVOLCS.Located in Batangas province, about 60 km south of Manila, Taal Volcano sits within a large caldera and is known for its complex, unpredictable, and explosive eruptions, the last major one occurring in 2020.

2. Dame Sarah Mullally Appointed as First Female Archbishop of Canterbury: Dame Sarah Mullally, the Bishop of London, has been appointed as the first-ever female Archbishop of Canterbury, succeeding Justin Welby, who resigned following a safeguarding scandal.Aged 63, Mullally previously served as Chief Nursing Officer for England, and will officially assume the post in January at Canterbury Cathedral, followed by a formal enthronement ceremony attended by members of the royal family.Her appointment marks a historic moment for the Church of England, being the first selection since women were allowed to become bishops in 2014.

 

3. Xi Jinping Pushes for World AI Cooperation Organisation: Chinese President Xi Jinping used the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) summit platform to propose a global organisation to regulate and coordinate artificial intelligence (AI) development. The move is seen as Beijing’s attempt to position itself as a global leader in AI governance, offering an alternative to the US-led approach on technology and trade cooperation. Xi Jinping announced that China would push for the creation of a “World Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Organization” during his address to APEC leaders in Gyeongju, South Korea. The proposed body, he said, would aim to establish governance rules, promote responsible innovation, and ensure that AI serves as a “public good for the international community.” According to Chinese officials, the organisation could be headquartered in Shanghai, one of the world’s most dynamic technology and commercial centres.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. BRO’s Project Arunank Marks 18th Raising Day, Strengthening Border Connectivity in Arunachal Pradesh: Project Arunank, a key initiative of the Border Roads Organisation (BRO), celebrated its 18th Raising Day at Naharlagun, Arunachal Pradesh on October 24, 2025, marking 17 years of service in tough Himalayan terrains.Since its inception in 2008, the project has constructed and maintained over 696 km of roads and 1.18 km of major bridges, strengthening connectivity to remote valleys and aiding Armed Forces operations in border areas.A major achievement of Project Arunank includes the 278 km Hapoli–Sarli–Huri Road, blacktopped for the first time since Independence, significantly improving access to the Kurung Kumey district in Arunachal Pradesh.

 

2. Indian Army Celebrates 79th Infantry Day Honouring the Courage and Sacrifice of Its Brave Soldiers Across the Nation: Infantry Day 2025 was celebrated by the Indian Army with solemn tributes at the National War Memorial in New Delhi, marking 79 years of the Infantry’s unparalleled courage, sacrifice, and service to the nation.Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi led the wreath-laying ceremony at the Amar Chakra to honour the brave Infantry soldiers who made the supreme sacrifice in the line of duty.Infantry Day, observed annually on October 27, commemorates the historic 1947 landing of Indian Infantry troops at Srinagar Airport, a decisive move that defended Jammu and Kashmir from Pakistan-backed tribal invaders. The day highlights the Infantry’s steadfast commitment to India’s sovereignty and unity, celebrated nationwide with seminars, marathons, felicitation ceremonies, and the release of the “Infantry Magazine.”

 

3. India Excludes China, Pakistan and Turkiye from 2026 International Fleet Review: India has decided not to invite China, Pakistan, and Turkiye to the upcoming third International Fleet Review (IFR) scheduled in Visakhapatnam in February 2026. The major maritime event will be reviewed by President Droupadi Murmu and held alongside the Milan multilateral naval exercise and the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS). So far, 55 nations have confirmed participation, including both the United States and Russia, underscoring India’s growing naval prominence. According to Navy Vice Chief Vice Admiral Sanjay Vatsayan, the IFR will host a large number of countries, though the invite list does not include China, Pakistan, or Turkiye. A senior naval official confirmed that Turkiye was excluded for its support to Pakistan during Operation Sindoor, while Pakistan’s omission continues the long-standing policy of excluding adversarial states from Indian defence exercises. India’s cautious approach toward China stems from increasing strategic tensions and its growing presence in the Indian Ocean Region.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. TEC and IIT Hyderabad Join Hands to Advance Research in 6G, AI, and Next-Gen Telecom Technologies: The Telecommunication Engineering Centre (TEC), under the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), signed an MoU with IIT Hyderabad to strengthen collaboration in advanced telecom technologies.The partnership will focus on joint studies, research, and technical contributions in areas like 6G, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs).The MoU aims to develop India-specific standards, create test frameworks, and enhance India’s participation in global standardization activities, especially ITU-T Study Groups.

 

2. Shenzhou-21 – China Launches Youngest Astronaut and Lab Mice to Tiangong Space Station: China successfully has launched the Shenzhou-21 mission to its Tiangong space station, carrying a three-member crew that includes the country’s youngest-ever astronaut and four laboratory mice. The mission marks another stride in China’s rapidly expanding space programme, which aims to send astronauts to the Moon by 2030. The Long March-2F rocket lifted off at 11:44 pm local time (1544 GMT) from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in northwest China’s Gobi Desert. The spacecraft is expected to dock with the Tiangong space station within three and a half hours of launch. Mission commander Zhang Lu, flight engineer Wu Fei, and payload specialist Zhang Hongzhang form the new crew for the six-month mission. At 32, Wu Fei is China’s youngest astronaut to enter orbit, representing the next generation of its space explorers. In a first for China, the mission carries four lab mice — two male and two female — for in-orbit biological experiments. These studies will examine the effects of microgravity on mammalian physiology and reproduction, forming part of China’s broader effort to prepare for long-duration lunar and interplanetary missions. The crew will also carry out multiple spacewalks, install anti-debris shields, and conduct educational outreach activities designed to inspire interest in science among young students.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Amit Shah Launches Deep-Sea Fishing Project; 200 Trawlers to Boost Coastal Fishermen: Union Home and Cooperation Minister Amit Shah inaugurated ‘Deep Sea Fishing Vessels’ under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) at Mazgaon Dock, Mumbai, in the presence of Maharashtra CM Devendra Fadnavis, DCMs Eknath Shinde and Ajit Pawar, and MoS Murlidhar Mohol.As part of this project, 200 trawlers will be provided to fishermen in three coastal states, with the first 14 trawlers launched under the cooperative-based fishing model to ensure that profits directly reach fishermen’s households instead of salaried intermediaries.Each deep-sea trawler can stay in the sea for up to 25 days and carry up to 20 tons of fish, with additional support ships planned for coordination and fish transport from the sea to the shore.

 

2. RBI Withdraws 2016 Circular on Lending Cap to Large Corporates, Retains Large Exposure Framework: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has withdrawn its 2016 circular that capped total banking system lending to a single large corporate borrower, aiming to reduce concentration risk.

The large exposure framework (LEF) will remain in place, limiting a bank’s exposure to 20% for a single borrower and 25% for a corporate group of its Tier 1 capital.The withdrawn circular had earlier reduced the lending threshold from ₹25,000 crore (FY18) → ₹15,000 crore (FY19) → ₹10,000 crore (FY20).RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra stated that the move follows a 10% decline in corporate share of total banking exposure, indicating lower systemic risk and does not signify any relaxation of financial stability norms.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Indian-Origin Historian Sunil Amrith Wins 2025 British Academy Book Prize for ‘The Burning Earth’: Indian-origin historian Sunil Amrith won the 2025 British Academy Book Prize for his book “The Burning Earth: An Environmental History of the Last 500 Years”, earning a £25,000 award for his outstanding non-fiction work.Currently a Professor of History at Yale University (U.S.), Amrith was born in Kenya, raised in Singapore, and educated at the University of Cambridge.The British Academy Book Prize, established in 2013, honours the world’s best non-fiction works in humanities and social sciences, with shortlisted authors also receiving £1,000 each.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Daily GK Update- 28th Oct, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Reliance and Meta launch ₹855-crore joint venture to develop enterprise AI products in India: Reliance Industries and Meta have announced a new ₹855-crore joint venture focused on developing enterprise-grade AI products in India. The collaboration aims to create AI solutions tailored for Indian businesses, enhancing automation, analytics, and digital operations.This partnership leverages Reliance’s digital infrastructure and Meta’s AI and cloud technologies to accelerate AI adoption across industries. The venture aligns with India’s vision of becoming a global AI innovation hub, fostering job creation and technological advancement.

 

2. Kerala Joins PM SHRI Scheme After Months of Debate, Secures ₹1,500 Crore Central Aid for School Development: Kerala signed an MoU with the Central Government to join the Pradhan Mantri Schools for Rising India (PM SHRI) scheme, marking a major policy shift after months of political debate and hesitation.The state had earlier opposed the scheme, fearing it might indirectly introduce the National Education Policy (NEP) in Kerala, but later decided to proceed despite objections from the Communist Party of India (CPI).Under the PM SHRI scheme, the Centre plans to upgrade two schools per block nationwide, providing each selected school ₹1 crore annually for five years to improve infrastructure and quality.Kerala’s Education Minister V. Sivankutty confirmed the move, stating it was essential to secure the Centre’s pending ₹1,500 crore for the state’s various educational programmes.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India rises to 9th rank globally in forest area, maintains 3rd position in annual forest gain: FAO report: India improved its global forest area rank to 9th position in the 2025 Global Forest Resource Assessment (GFRA) by the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), up from 10th earlier, while retaining the 3rd spot in annual net forest gain.The GFRA 2025, released in Bali, found that global deforestation, though slowed, still occurs at an alarming rate of 10.9 million hectares per year, with fire, insects, and weather damaging millions of hectares annually.India’s forest cover stands at 72.7 million hectares (about 2% of the world’s total), with Asia being the only region to record an increase in forest area between 1990 and 2025—mainly due to gains in China and India.According to India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2023, the country’s forest cover stands at 71.5 million hectares. Globally, Russia has the highest forest cover (832.6 million hectares) followed by Brazil (486 million hectares), Canada (368.8 million hectares), the USA (308.8 million hectares), China (227 million hectares), Congo (139 million hectares), Australia (133.5 million hectares), Indonesia (96 million hectares), India (72.7 million hectares) and Peru (67 million hectares).

 

2. Saudi Arabia Abolishes 50-Year-Old Kafala System: Saudi Arabia has officially abolished its 50-year-old Kafala (sponsorship) system, a major labour reform announced in June 2025, impacting nearly 13 million migrant workers—mainly from South and Southeast Asia.The Kafala system, introduced in the 1950s, tied workers’ residency and employment to their employers (kafeel), often leading to exploitation, abuse, and restricted job mobility, as workers required employer consent for job changes or travel.Under the new contractual employment model, workers can change employers without approval, leave the country without exit visas, and gain legal protections, aligning with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 reform agenda to modernize its economy and labor rights framework.The reform is hailed as a historic step in advancing labor rights in the Gulf region, expected to reduce exploitation, improve working conditions, and empower migrant workers with greater freedom, fairness, and dignity.

 

3. Timor-Leste Joins ASEAN as 11th Member at 47th Summit in Kuala Lumpur: Timor-Leste officially became the 11th member of ASEAN during the 47th ASEAN Summit held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, marking the bloc’s first expansion since 1999.The inclusion was confirmed through a formal signing ceremony attended by Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão and ASEAN leaders, symbolizing the nation’s entry into the regional alliance.ASEAN, established in 1967 in Bangkok, originally had five founding members — Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand — and now focuses on the theme “Inclusivity and Sustainability” under Malaysia’s 2025 chairmanship.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Manish Gupta Appointed as India’s Next Ambassador to Ireland, Strengthening Bilateral Ties: Manish Gupta, currently serving as India’s High Commissioner to Ghana, has been appointed as the next Ambassador of India to Ireland and is expected to take up the assignment shortly.India-Ireland relations have deep historical roots, with formal diplomatic ties established in 1947 and India opening its Embassy in Dublin in 1951; a significant Indian community of around 80,000 people resides in Ireland, contributing to healthcare, IT, engineering, and management sectors.

 

SPORTS 

 

1. Olympic Gold Medallist Abhinav Bindra Chosen as Torch-Bearer for Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics: Olympic gold medallist Abhinav Bindra has been selected as a torch-bearer for the Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics, scheduled from February 6–22, 2026, in Italy.Bindra, who won gold in the 10m air rifle event at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, expressed his honour and excitement on social media, highlighting the Olympic flame as a symbol of dreams, perseverance, and unity.The Milano Cortina 2026 Winter Games will be the fourth Winter Olympics hosted by Italy, featuring 116 medal events across 16 disciplines, which is an increase from Beijing 2022.

 

 

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Cyclone Montha likely to intensify into a severe storm: The India Meteorological Department (IMD) reported that Cyclone Montha is expected to intensify into a severe cyclonic storm by October 28, bringing heavy rainfall across Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala.The name ‘Montha’, meaning a beautiful or fragrant flower, was contributed by Thailand, and names are selected from a rotating list of neutral, non-political, and culturally sensitive names given by 13 member countries under the WMO/ESCAP Panel.IMD, one of the six Regional Specialised Meteorological Centres (RSMCs) worldwide, provides cyclone and storm surge advisories to 13 countries including India, Bangladesh, Oman, and UAE. The next cyclones after Montha will be named Senyar (UAE), Ditwah (Yemen), Arnab (Bangladesh), and Murasu (India).

 

2. Airbus, Leonardo, and Thales unite to create a leading European space company: Airbus, Leonardo, and Thales have announced a major joint venture to merge their satellite and space operations, aiming to build a “leading European player in space” and offer a homegrown alternative to Elon Musk’s Starlink.The new entity will combine complementary technologies and employ around 25,000 people across Europe, with Airbus holding a 35% stake and Leonardo and Thales owning 32.5% each; space launcher development will not be part of its operations.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Blackstone to invest ₹6,196 crore in Federal Bank: Blackstone, through its affiliate Asia II Topco XIII Pte Ltd, will invest ₹6,196.51 crore in Federal Bank via a preferential issue on a private placement basis, making it the largest shareholder.The bank will issue 272.97 million warrants, each convertible into one equity share at ₹227 per share, which will give Blackstone a 9.99% stake post-conversion, subject to approval.Blackstone will initially pay 25% of the issue price, with the remaining 75% payable upon conversion, and will gain the right to nominate one non-executive director if it maintains at least a 5% stake.

 

2. PNB sells 10% stake in Canara HSBC Life Insurance for ₹1,007 crore: Punjab National Bank (PNB) has divested 10% of its stake in Canara HSBC Life Insurance Company Ltd, reducing its shareholding from 23% to 13%, through an Offer for Sale (OFS) during the insurer’s IPO.The sale generated approximately ₹1,007 crore for PNB from the sale of 9.5 crore shares at ₹106 per share, with buyers being public investors, not related parties.This divestment is part of PNB’s capital optimization strategy, aimed at unlocking value in non-core assets while retaining a strategic presence in financial services; the bank recently reported a 14% YoY profit rise to ₹4,904 crore for the September quarter.

 

 

 

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Nilgiris Scientist Dr Ashokkumar Veeramuthu Named Among World’s Top Scientists for Third Consecutive Year: Dr Ashokkumar Veeramuthu from Nilgiris has been listed among the World’s Top Scientists by Stanford University and Elsevier Publishers for the third consecutive year (2023, 2024, and 2025).His research focuses on linking science with society, addressing issues like environmental protection, waste management, and human health through sustainable solutions.

Ashokkumar has developed microalgae-based clean fuels, plastic-to-useable material technologies, and received the “Brain Pool: Visiting Global Scientist Award” from the National Research Foundation of Korea for his global contributions to sustainable research.

 

Daily GK Update- 26th Oct, 2025

 NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. DPIIT signs MoUs with Primus Partners and Kotak Mahindra Bank to strengthen India’s startup and innovation ecosystem: The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) under the Commerce and Industry Ministry signed an MoU with Primus Partners Pvt. Ltd. to boost collaboration for strengthening India’s startup and innovation ecosystem, focusing on capacity building, mentorship, market access, and policy awareness.DPIIT also signed a separate MoU with Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd. to enhance financial and non-financial support for startups, including customised banking solutions, credit access, digital infrastructure, and startup-focused programs.These partnerships aim to foster an innovation-led and self-reliant economy, empowering startups through structured engagement, technology integration, and inclusive growth to position India as a global hub for innovation and entrepreneurship.

 

2. NBA releases ₹1.36 crore to local communities in Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh for biodiversity conservation and benefit sharing: The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) has released ₹1.36 crore to local communities in Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh, promoting fair benefit sharing and biodiversity conservation.The funds will be distributed through State Biodiversity Boards to three Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) — Sakharwadi (Satara), Kunjirwadi (Pune), and Kasganj (Etah), each receiving ₹45.50 lakh.The release represents an Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) payment from a commercial entity that utilized microorganisms for producing Fructo-oligosaccharides products.This initiative supports India’s National Biodiversity Target 13 under the NBSAP 2024–2030, aligning with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (CoP-15) to ensure conservation and community prosperity.

 

3. Tarun Kumar Pithode appointed as new full-time Member Secretary of CAQM: IAS officer Tarun Kumar Pithode (2009 batch, Madhya Pradesh cadre) has taken charge as the new full-time Member Secretary of the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) in NCR and adjoining areas.He previously served as Joint Secretary in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change and has been appointed to this post for a five-year tenure till 8 September 2029, or until further orders.Pithode succeeds Arvind Kumar Nautiyal (IRSME, 1992 batch) as the new Member Secretary of CAQM, which plays a key role in tackling air pollution in the National Capital Region.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India Re-elected as Vice-Chairperson of COP10 Bureau, Reaffirms Commitment to Clean Sport: India actively participated in the 10th Session of the Conference of Parties (COP10) to the International Convention against Doping in Sport held from 20–22 October 2025 at UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, marking the 20th anniversary of the Convention.During the meeting, India was re-elected as Vice-Chairperson of the COP10 Bureau for the Asia-Pacific (Group IV) for the term 2025–2027, reaffirming its commitment to promoting integrity and eliminating doping in sport.The Indian delegation, led by Shri Hari Ranjan Rao (Secretary, Sports) and Shri Anant Kumar (DG, NADA), engaged with delegates from over 190 States Parties, as well as representatives from the African Union, International Olympic Committee, WADA, and other international organizations.

 

2. 24 October – World Development Information Day: World Development Information Day is observed annually on 24 October to raise awareness about global development issues and the role of information and communication in promoting development.The day emphasizes the importance of sharing knowledge and information to support sustainable development, economic growth, and international cooperation.

 

3. 24–31 October – Global Media and Information Literacy Week: Global Media and Information Literacy (MIL) Week is observed annually from 24th to 31st October to promote the responsible use and understanding of media and information worldwide.The week emphasises developing critical skills to access, evaluate, and create information, fostering media literacy, digital literacy, and ethical information practices.Theme 2025 – Minds Over AI – MIL in Digital Spaces

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Rajnath Singh Proposes India-Asean Defence Think Tank Forum: Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has called for the creation of a dedicated forum linking India and ASEAN defence think tanks to boost strategic cooperation and tackle emerging security challenges in the Indo-Pacific. The proposal was made during the ASEAN-India Defence Ministers’ Informal Meeting held in Kuala Lumpur on Friday. Singh proposed an institutionalised dialogue platform to promote collaboration among defence experts, academics, and policy researchers from India and ASEAN nations. He said the initiative would enhance mutual understanding, drive capacity-building, and stimulate innovative policy ideas for regional security. ASEAN partners were invited to nominate leading defence institutions and experts for the proposed forum. Emphasising the Indo-Pacific’s strategic significance, Singh reaffirmed India’s commitment to ASEAN’s central role in ensuring peace and stability. He said the ASEAN-India partnership would continue to act as a “strong pillar of stability” amid global uncertainties. Singh highlighted shared economic progress and urged the early conclusion of the review of the ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement to deepen economic ties.

 

2. IIT Madras Hybrid-Rocket VTOL Soft-Landing Breakthrough: Researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras have reported a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) milestone using hybrid rocket thrusters. By coupling a live hybrid motor to a real-time simulation, the team demonstrated controlled descent and soft-landing conditions—an essential capability for planetary probes, VTOL aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles. Hybrid rockets pair a solid fuel grain with a liquid or gaseous oxidiser. This architecture offers throttleability, restart, and rapid shutdown with simpler plumbing than liquid engines and greater safety than solids. The study positions hybrids as an alternative VTOL descent solution where precise thrust modulation near the ground is crucial yet system complexity must remain low. A hardware-in-the-loop framework linked a working hybrid thruster to a high-fidelity vehicle and environment model. Control algorithms varied thrust to track target descent rates and reduce touchdown velocity. Tests showed stable throttle response, repeatable deceleration profiles, and terminal speeds within soft-landing envelopes. The setup validated key dynamics—time lag, thrust ramp rates, and attitude-coupled descent control—required for safe vertical landings.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. India’s Drug Watchdog Launches Digital Tracker for High-Risk Cough Syrup Ingredients: The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) has launched a digital monitoring system on the ONDLS portal to oversee the production, movement, and quality of high-risk ingredients used in drug formulations, particularly cough syrups.The system aims to track the supply chain, quality checks, and testing of high-risk solvents to ensure safer manufacturing and regulatory compliance across all states and union territories.High-risk ingredients monitored under this initiative include glycerin, propylene glycol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, maltitol, and ethyl alcohol, among others.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. ICICI Bank Pledges Rs 625 Crore for Cancer Care: ICICI Bank, India’s second-largest private sector lender, announced a donation of Rs 625 crore to build an 11-storey building at Tata Memorial Centre’s (TMC) Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, as part of its Rs 1,800 crore commitment to construct three facilities nationwide.The new building will cover 3.4 lakh sq. ft., house 12 Linear Accelerators (LINACs) and other advanced equipment, enabling precise radiation therapy that minimizes damage to healthy tissues. It will serve 7,200 patients annually and provide over two lakh radiation sessions, along with OPD consultations and diagnostics for 25,000 new patients each year.The facility is expected to be operational by 2027.

 

2. SBI Raises ₹7,500 Crore Through Basel III Compliant Tier 2 Bonds at 6.93% Coupon Rate: The State Bank of India (SBI) raised ₹7,500 crore through Basel III-compliant Tier 2 bonds at a coupon rate of 6.93%, marking its first bond issuance of FY26 with a 10-year tenor and call option after 5 years.The issue saw bids worth 3 times the base issue size of ₹5,000 crore, with 101 bids received from a diverse group of institutional investors such as provident funds, pension funds, mutual funds, and banks, showcasing high investor confidence in SBI.In FY26, SBI has also raised ₹25,000 crore via QIP and $500 million through senior unsecured fixed-rate notes (5-year maturity, 4.50% coupon), reflecting its strategic approach to strengthen capital adequacy and global funding profile.

 

3. SBI Wins “World’s Best Consumer Bank 2025” and “Best Bank in India 2025” Titles from Global Finance, New York: State Bank of India (SBI) has been honoured with two prestigious titles — “World’s Best Consumer Bank 2025” and “Best Bank in India 2025” — by Global Finance, New York, at the Global Finance Award Ceremony held during the World Bank/IMF Annual Meetings 2025.These dual awards reaffirm SBI’s status as a global banking leader, recognised for its innovation, financial inclusion, customer-centric services, and technological advancement across India’s vast geographical landscape.SBI Chairman Challa Sreenivasulu Setty highlighted that serving 520 million customers and adding 65,000 new customers daily reflects the bank’s continuous investment in digitalisation and advanced technology to enhance customer experience.