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Monday, October 3, 2022

Daily GK Update- 3rd Oct, 2022

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Supreme Court Judgement on safe and legal abortion: The Supreme Court has declared that all women have the right to safe and legal abortions up to 24 weeks of pregnancy, no matter their marital status. An abortion regulation that made a distinction between married and unmarried women was “artificial and constitutionally unsustainable,” according to a bench of Justices DY Chandrachud, JB Pardiwala, and AS Bopanna. Key Points:

a)      The bench determined that unmarried and single women with pregnancies between 20 and 24 weeks cannot be denied access to safe and legal abortion.

b)      The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1971 had made it illegal for unmarried women who were 20–24 weeks pregnant after having consenting intercourse to have a legal abortion.

c)       In reference to the MTP Act’s pertinent provision, the court’s ruling stated that “it seems to us that to give Rule 3B a restrictive and narrow interpretation would render it perilously close to holding it unconstitutional, because it would deprive unmarried women of the right to access safe and legal abortions between 20 and 24 weeks if they face a change in their material circumstances similar to married women.”

 

2. Maldives signed an MoU with India for Hanimaadhoo International Airport Development Projects: Government of Maldives has signed an MoU with the Indian JMC Projects for Maldives Hanimaadhoo International Airport Development Project. The worth of project is about USD $136.6 million. It was confirmed that the project will be financed by India’s Exim Bank. The Maldives govt is expected to build a 2.46-kilometer runway in addition to a terminal that can serve 1.3 million passengers annually. The construction work is expected to be fully operational by the year 2024. It is the first-ever major infrastructure project to be undertaken outside Greater Male’ region and is funded under the USD 800 million concessional Line of Credit (LoC) extended by the Government of India to the Maldives.

Note: Maldives Capital: Male; Currency: Rufiya; President: Ibrahim Mohamed Solih

Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank) Founded: 1982; Headquarters: Mumbai; MD: Harsha Bhupendra Bangari

 

3. Government extends PM Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana scheme up to December 2022: Union Cabinet has decided to extend the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana scheme for a further period of 3 months from Oct to Dec 2022. This decision will benefit 80 crore people. 122 lakh metric tonnes foodgrains will be distributed in the next three months with a total expenditure of more than 44 thousand crore rupees under the 7th phase of the scheme. 3 lakh 45 thousand crore rupees have been spent on this scheme so far. Under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana, five-kilogram foodgrain is being provided to eligible beneficiary per month free of cost. The scheme was started in March 2020 to provide food security to poor people during the Covid-19 pandemic.

 

4. NHPC signed an agreement with IIT Jammu to undertaking R&D activities: National Hydro Electric Power Corporation (NHPC) Ltd & IIT Jammu have signed a pact for availing services of the IIT Jammu for undertaking R&D activities in the field of science, engineering & technology. NHPC has an established R&D division undertaking various innovative initiatives in different fields of construction, operation, and maintenance of hydropower projects/stations. This MoU will further provide an impetus to the Research & Development (R&D) activities of the company.

 

5. English translation of ‘Lata: Sur-Gatha’ to release in January 2023” The English translation of the award-winning book “Lata: Sur-Gatha” will be released in January 2023. “Lata: A Life in Music”, originally written in Hindi by writer-poet Yatindra Mishra, is translated by noted writer and translator Ira Pande. And now celebrating the life and times of Lata Mangeshkar on her 93rd birth anniversary in 2023, the book is being published in the English language announced by publisher Penguin Random House India. The book has won the 64th National Film Award and the MAMI Award for Best Writing on Cinema (2016–17).

 

6. 68th National Wildlife Week: 2nd to 8th October: The celebration of 68th National Wildlife Week is observed all over India from 2nd to 8th October 2022. The main objective of this campaign is to promote the conservation and protection of animal life. It teaches people about animal life and encourages them to save a large number of animals by not killing them for their own food or for other purposes.

National Wildlife Week History: The Indian Board of Wildlife established Wildlife Week in 1952 to increase awareness about the long-term aims of wildlife protection throughout India. Wildlife Day was first observed in 1955, but later in 1957, it was renamed Wildlife Week. The week comprises workshops to make people of every age comprehend the complexities of wildlife.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. US Economy Shrinks 0.6% in April-June: Battered by surging consumer prices and rising interest rates, the US economy shrank at a 0.6% annual rate from April through June, the government announced, unchanged from its previous second-quarter estimate. It marked the second consecutive quarter of economic contraction, one informal rule of thumb for a recession. Most economists, citing a strong and resilient American job market, believe the world’s biggest economy is not yet in a downturn. But they worry that it might be headed for one as the Federal Reserve ratchets up interest rates to combat inflation. Consumer spending grew at a 2% annual rate, but that gain was offset by a drop in business inventories and housing investment.

The US economy has been sending out mixed signals this year. Gross domestic product, or GDP, went backward in the first half of 2022. But the job market has stayed strong. Employers are adding an average 438,000 jobs a month this year, on pace to be the second-best year for hiring (behind 2021) in government records going back to 1940. Unemployment is at 3.7%, low by historic standards. There are currently about two jobs for every unemployed American.

 

2. World Habitat Day: 3rd October: The United Nations observes the first Monday of October as World Habitat Day. This year, World Habitat Day will be observed on October 3. The day calls to reflect on our towns, cities, and the basic right of all to have adequate shelter. It serves as a reminder that we can shape the future of the place we live in. This year’s theme is “Mind the Gap. Leave No One and Place Behind”. The focus is on the growing inequalities and challenges in cities and human settlements. These are the problems that have been aggravated due to what the UN calls triple Cs: Coronavirus (COVID-19), Climate, and Crisis. These triple Cs have hampered the progress made against poverty.

World Habitat Day History: In 1985 the United Nations designated the first Monday of October every year as World Habitat Day. The idea is to reflect on the state of our towns and cities and the basic right of all to adequate shelter. It is also intended to remind the world of its collective responsibility for the future of human habitat. First celebrated in 1986, Nairobi was the host city. The theme was “Shelter is My Right”.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. RBI Repo Rate Hike by 50 bps to 5.9%: RBI Monetary Policy: The decision of RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das headed the six-member Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) has been announced. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has hiked the repo rate by 50 basis points to 5.90%, the fourth straight increase in the current cycle, to tame the sustained above-target retail inflation rate. RBI had slashed the repo rate in March 2020 with an aim to cushion the impact of covid-induced lockdown and maintained the status quo in the benchmark interest rate for almost two years before increasing it on May 4, 2022. The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) met on the 28th, 29th and 30th of September 2022. The next meeting of the MPC is scheduled during December 5-7, 2022.

RBI Repo Rate:

Policy Repo Rate: 5.90%

Standing Deposit Facility (SDF): 5.65%

Marginal Standing Facility Rate: 6.15%

Bank Rate: 6.15%

Fixed Reverse Repo Rate: 3.35%

CRR: 4.50%

SLR: 18.00%

 

Key Points of the Monetary Policy

a)      Reserve Bank of India leaves inflation projection for FY23 unchanged at 6.7% on upside risks to food prices.

b)      The RBI has lowered the real gross domestic product (GDP) growth forecast for FY23 to 7% from 7.2%. Q2FY23 growth is seen at 6.3%, Q3 at 4.6% and Q4 at 4.6% with risks broadly balanced. Growth for Q1FY24 has been revised to 7.2%.

c)       In the August policy, the RBI had left the inflation projection for this fiscal unchanged at 5.7%, despite acknowledging that inflation had peaked.

d)      Sensex declines 262.73 points to 56,147.23 ahead of the MPC meet

e)      Rupee rises 14 paise to 81.59 against the US dollar in early trade

f)        The trade deficit remained near all-time highs in July and August and the current account deficit is expected to track near a 10-year high of 5 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP).

g)      The average crude oil price (Indian basket) was revised to US$100 per barrel from US$105 earlier as global crude prices fell.

h)      Forex have shrunk nearly $100 billion to $545 billion from a peak of $642 billion a year ago and are expected to fall further.

 

2. Mastercard to launch ‘carbon calculator’ for Indian consumers: Mastercard, a global payment and technology company is set to launch Carbon Calculator features. Mastercard is in talks with Indian Banks to launch the Carbon Calculator feature which will offer the consumers an estimated carbon footprint for each of their purchases.

The Mastercard Carbon Calculator will help consumers to become cause-driven. Mastercard has started the Priceless Planet Coalition, which is a campaign to restore 100 million trees. The Cabron Calculator will let the consumers see the carbon effect of their purchase.

Carbon Calculator: Carbon Calculator is a service that will be provided to banks. It is a personalized carbon footprint tracker that can tell consumers the cumulative effect of carbon footprint across various spending categories in a month. It has already been launched in several countries, now it will be launched in India too. Mastercard Carbon Calculator is developed with the collaboration of Swedish Fin-tech Doconomy and it is currently used in 25 countries. The banking partners can also embed the tracking tool in their websites or mobile apps.

 

BUSINESS AND ECONOMY

 

1. Foreign Trade Policy 2015-20 Extended Further for 6 Months: The Commerce Ministry announced the extension of the existing foreign trade policy by six months. The Commerce Ministry said, “existing Foreign Trade Policy extended by six months due to currency volatility & global uncertainty. Geo-Political situation is not suitable for long-term Foreign Trade Policy.” Earlier, the government had extended the due date for the Foreign Trade Policy 2015-20 to September 30, 2022.

Need of Foreign Trade Policy: Foreign Trade Policy provides a framework for increasing exports of goods and services as well as generation of employment and increasing value addition in the country. It focuses to support both the manufacturing and services sectors, with a special emphasis on improving the ease of doing business

 

2. BSE Receives SEBI’s Final Approval to Launch EGR on its Platform: Stock exchange BSE has received final approval from the capital markets regulator Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) for introducing the Electronic Gold Receipt (EGR) segment on its platform. The exchange had received in-principle approval from SEBI in February after which the exchange conducted several mock trading in the test environment for exchange members to facilitate trading in EGRs.

EGR: The instruments representing gold will be called EGRs and will be notified as securities, with trading, clearing and settlement features similar to other securities that are currently available in India. SEBI board had earlier cleared a proposal for gold exchange, wherein the yellow metal will be traded in the form of EGRs and will help in having a transparent domestic spot price discovery mechanism. India currently has trading only in gold derivatives and gold ETFs, unlike several other countries which have spot exchanges for physical trade in gold.

 

3. World Bank Cuts 2022 East Asia Growth Aim: Economic growth in East Asia and the Pacific will weaken sharply in 2022 due to China’s slowdown, but the pace of expansion will pick up next year, the World Bank said. The Washington-based lender said in a report it expected 2022 growth in the East Asia and Pacific region, which includes China, to slow to 3.2%, down from its 5.0% forecast in April, and the previous year’s growth of 7.2%.

 

4. Vijay Jasuja named as Independent Director of Stashfin: Leading Fintech platform Stashfin has appointed BFSI (Banking, Financial Services and Insurance) expert and former MD and CEO of SBI Cards, Vijay Jasuja as Non-Executive Independent Director. He also served as a Director at PNB Cards. Jasuja, an industry veteran, has more than 40 years of BFSI experience in leadership positions across Indian and overseas markets, has been the MD and CEO of SBI Cards, and director, of PNB Cards. He has held multiple leadership positions at SBI including General Manager, Hyderabad; General Manager (IBG), Mumbai; Country Head and CEO, Maldives and Regional Head, Sub-Saharan Africa.

Note: CEO and Founder of Stashfin: Tushar Aggarwal.

 

DEFENCE

 

1. Swedish Defence Maker Saab To Produce Carl-Gustaf M4 Rocket Launchers In India: Swedish defence firm Saab announced its plan to set up a manufacturing facility in India for the Carl-Gustaf M4 shoulder-fired weapon system under the NDA government’s ‘Make in India’ initiative to bolster indigenous defence manufacturing, a company official said. Production at the new facility is expected to begin in 2024, even though the firm is yet to reveal the location.

Key Points:

a)      A new company, Saab FFV India, will make the latest rocket launchers in India for the Indian armed forces, along with components for users of the weapon system around the world, the company said.

b)      The facility will be the firm’s first manufacturing facility for the Carl-Gustaf M4 weapon system outside Sweden.

c)       The Carl-Gustaf weapon system has been in service with the Indian Army since 1976, and its earlier M2 and M3 variants have been licence-produced in India.

d)      The company is looking at the 100% foreign direct investment (FDI) route to set up the new venture, but will pursue the 74% FDI option with an Indian partner if the former doesn’t work out.

e)      The Swedish firm said it will continue its partnership with Munitions India Limited and Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited, two of the seven firms carved out of the erstwhile Ordnance Factory Board, to manufacture the earlier M3 variant of the Carl-Gustaf weapon and ammunition.

 

2. INS Sunayna participated in Operation Southern Readiness: INS Sunayna entered Port Victoria Seychelles to participate in the annual training exercise Operation Southern Readiness of Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). The joint training exercise is being attended by representative delegations from USA, Italy, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and ship participation from UK, Spain & India. This marks the first participation of an Indian Navy ship in the Combined Maritime Forces exercise. It will participate in the annual training exercise Operation Southern Readiness of the CMF.

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