Daily GK Update- 24th Dec, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. NCVET Recognises Flipkart as Awarding Body (Dual) to Strengthen Industry-Led Skilling in E-commerce: CVET, under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, has recognised Flipkart as an Awarding Body (Dual) to strengthen industry-led vocational education in the e-commerce and logistics sector.The collaboration aims to create nationally recognised, benchmarked skilling pathways aligned with the Skill India Mission, enhancing workforce employability in India’s rapidly growing e-commerce ecosystem.The partnership will enable Flipkart to develop standardized, high-quality training and certification programmes, with a special focus on improving employability for youth from underprivileged backgrounds.

 

2. Union Tourism Ministry to Set Up City-Level Convention Promotion Bureaus to Boost MICE Tourism from 2026: The Union Ministry of Tourism will establish independent, city-level Convention Promotion Bureaus from 2026, in partnership with stakeholders, to strengthen India’s MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions) tourism ecosystem.Global MICE Positioning: With world-class venues like Bharat Mandapam, Yashobhoomi, and Jio World Centre, and MICE tourism prioritised under the Incredible India campaign, the initiative aims to position Indian cities as globally competitive MICE destinations.Strategic Roadmap & Industry Support: The initiative was complemented by a Round Table Summit on the Indian MICE Industry Roadmap for the next five years and the launch of IEIA’s report “India MICE Opportunities Overview (2025–2030)”, highlighting institutional and technological support for sector growth.

 

3. PM Modi Inaugurates India’s First Nature-Themed Airport Terminal at Guwahati’s LGBI Airport: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the new terminal building of Lokapriya Gopinath Bardoloi International Airport in Guwahati, Assam, built at a cost of ₹4,000 crore and recognised as India’s first nature-themed airport terminal.The new terminal has an annual capacity of over 13 million passengers, making it the largest airport terminal in Northeast India and a major aviation hub and gateway to Southeast Asia.Developed by Adani Airports Holdings Limited, the terminal reflects regional identity through bamboo and orchid-inspired designs, with the overall project involving close coordination between the Centre and the Assam government.

 

4. “Shunya Se Shatak” Programme Held in Indore to Commemorate Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s Birth Centenary: The “Shunya Se Shatak: Ek Shatabdi Atal Bharat Ki” programme was held in Indore, Madhya Pradesh on 21 December to commemorate the 100th birth anniversary year of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.Key Dignitaries and Tributes: The event was attended by Vice‑President C. P. Radhakrishnan, Governor Mangubhai Patel, and Chief Minister Mohan Yadav, among others, with cultural tributes, felicitation of eminent personalities, performances, and screenings reflecting Vajpayee’s life and legacy.Organised by the Atal Foundation at Daly College’s auditorium, this programme served as a significant highlight in the year‑long centenary celebrations of Vajpayee across the country.

 

5. Bihar Cabinet Approves Saat Nischay-3 (2025–2030) to Transform State into Developed Economy: Bihar Cabinet approved Saat Nischay-3 to be implemented from 2025 to 2030, aiming to place the State among India’s developed states, building on the success of the previous two programmes.The programme focuses on seven pillars — Double Employment-Double Income, Prosperous Industry-Empowered Bihar, Progress in Agriculture, Advanced Education-Bright Future, Accessible Health-Secure Life, Strong Foundation-Modern Expansion, and Respect for All-Easy Life — targeting income, employment, industries, agriculture, health, education, infrastructure, and ease of living.Includes women’s employment schemes with financial support, development of industrial areas and sugar mills, promotion of agriculture (including Makhana production), establishment of the Higher Education Department and Education City, and expansion of health infrastructure through block and district-level hospitals.

 

6. Punjab Becomes First State to Implement Amended Bharat Net Scheme Across Entire State: Punjab has emerged as the first state in India to implement the amended Bharat Net Scheme across the entire state, enabling live monitoring of border areas from anywhere in the country.Under the scheme, internet and broadband services have been extended to 43 shadow areas, with only one village left, which is expected to be covered by the end of November.The Bharat Net Scheme aims to provide broadband connectivity to all Gram Panchayats, households, and institutions, while promoting e-health and e-governance services in rural areas.

 

7. Rashtra Prerna Sthal Inaugurated to Honour Atal Bihari Vajpayee : Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Rashtra Prerna Sthal in Lucknow on Thursday, marking the 101st birth anniversary of former Prime Minister and Bharat Ratna awardee Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The national memorial has been dedicated to preserving and promoting the life, ideals and legacy of Vajpayee and other key figures of Indian nationalism. Spread across 65 acres in the Vasant Kunj area of Lucknow, the Rashtra Prerna Sthal features towering bronze statues of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Syama Prasad Mookerjee and Deendayal Upadhyaya. Each statue stands 65 feet tall and symbolises the ideals, philosophy and contribution of these leaders to India’s political and social thought. Adjacent to the memorial is a state-of-the-art museum designed in the form of a lotus, spread over nearly 98,000 square feet. The Prime Minister visited the museum, which showcases India’s national journey and the seminal contributions of the three leaders through immersive digital displays and modern exhibition technologies. The museum aims to offer visitors an educational and engaging understanding of leadership, governance and nation-building.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India and New Zealand Conclude Historic Free Trade Agreement: India and New Zealand have successfully concluded a historic and ambitious Free Trade Agreement (FTA), announced by PM Narendra Modi and New Zealand PM Christopher Luxon after a telephonic conversation.

The FTA negotiations, initiated during PM Luxon’s visit to India in March, were completed in a record time of nine months, reflecting strong political will and shared ambition.The agreement will deepen bilateral economic engagement, improve market access, boost investment flows, and strengthen strategic cooperation between the two countries.The FTA is expected to double bilateral trade within five years and facilitate over USD 20 billion investment from New Zealand into India over the next 15 years, benefiting innovators, farmers, MSMEs, students, and youth.

 

2. HCLTech Secures Multi-Year Deal to Modernise ASN Bank’s Digital Operations in the Netherlands: IT services firm HCLTech has secured a multi-year contract with ASN Bank (formerly de Volksbank) to modernise the Dutch retail bank’s digital operations.The partnership aims to consolidate IT services and simplify the vendor landscape, improving operational efficiency.HCLTech will manage enterprise applications and deliver services through a distributed delivery model to enhance efficiency and customer experience.The collaboration marks a significant step for HCLTech in expanding its presence in the Dutch banking sector, supporting future-ready banking operations.

 

3. 21 December – World Basketball Day: World Basketball Day is observed every year on 21 December to celebrate the global popularity and unifying power of basketball.The day marks the anniversary of the first official basketball game, played on 21 December 1891, after the sport was invented by Dr. James Naismith.The occasion encourages youth participation and grassroots development, recognising basketball as a tool for peace, education, and healthy lifestyles worldwide.

 

4. 21 December – World Meditation Day: World Meditation Day is observed annually on 21 December to highlight the importance of meditation in promoting mental well-being, inner peace, and emotional balance.Theme 2025 – Inner Peace, Global Harmony; One World, One Family; Healing the World From WithinThe day emphasises meditation as a powerful tool for stress reduction, mindfulness, and improved concentration in today’s fast-paced world.It encourages individuals and communities to adopt meditation as a daily practice for holistic health, combining mental, emotional, and spiritual wellness.World Meditation Day also recognises meditation’s role in fostering harmony, compassion, and peace at both individual and societal levels.

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. DRDO and Rashtriya Raksha University Sign MoU to Strengthen Defence and Internal Security Collaboration: DRDO and Rashtriya Raksha University (RRU) signed an MoU to strengthen collaboration in research, education, training, and technology support for defence and internal security.The agreement aims to enhance India’s self-reliance in defence and internal security technologies, integrating academic research, technological innovation, and operational insights.Under the MoU, the institutions will undertake joint research projects, doctoral and fellowship programmes, specialised training, and studies on emerging operational challenges, contributing to a robust ecosystem for innovation and skill development in defence and internal security.

 

SPORTS

 

1. Smriti Mandhana Becomes First Indian Woman to Score 4,000 T20I Runs as India Beat Sri Lanka in Series Opener: Smriti Mandhana became the first Indian woman batter to score 4,000 runs in Women’s T20 Internationals, achieving the feat during the first T20I against Sri Lanka at the ACA-VDCA Stadium.Mandhana is only the second woman globally after Suzie Bates to cross 4,000 T20I runs and did so in the fewest balls faced (3,227), underlining her consistency and strike efficiency.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Gujarat Becomes First State to Launch Large-Scale Genome Sequencing Project for Tribal Communities: Gujarat has become the first state in India to launch a large-scale genome sequencing project focused exclusively on tribal communities. The project is being led by the Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC) to decode the genetic blueprint of tribal populations.The initiative aims to develop customised diagnostics, treatment strategies, and long-term preventive healthcare based on genetic insights.The project targets early detection of genetic diseases like thalassemia and sickle cell anaemia, enabling low-cost diagnostic panels, prenatal screening, and embryo-level testing during IVF.

 

2. India to Assume Vice Chair Role in Kimberley Process: India has taken over as a Vice Chair of the Kimberley Process from 25th December and will assume the chairpersonship of the global initiative from January 1 next year. The development marks a significant step in India’s expanding role in shaping international trade governance, particularly in the regulation of the global diamond industry. The Kimberley Process is a tripartite international initiative involving governments, the global diamond industry and civil society organisations. It was established to prevent the trade in conflict diamonds, which are used by rebel movements to finance armed conflict against legitimate governments. The initiative has emerged as the most comprehensive international mechanism governing the rough diamond sector. Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal said India’s selection as Vice Chair reflects global confidence in the country’s commitment to integrity, transparency and responsible trade practices. He noted that India’s leadership role underlines its credibility as a trusted partner in multilateral economic frameworks and its ability to balance commercial interests with ethical standards.

 

3. LVM3 Rocket Boosts Confidence for Gaganyaan Mission: The Indian Space Research Organisation has reaffirmed confidence in its human spaceflight ambitions following the successful launch of the BlueBird Block-2 communication satellite using the LVM3 rocket. ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan highlighted that the same launch vehicle has been earmarked for the upcoming Gaganyaan programme, underlining India’s growing technological maturity in space exploration. Speaking to the media, ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan emphasised that the LVM3 rocket has maintained a 100 per cent success rate since 2017. He noted that this flawless performance significantly strengthens confidence as the rocket undergoes human-rating for the Gaganyaan mission. According to him, the consistent success of LVM3 provides a strong foundation to move forward with India’s first crewed spaceflight programme. ISRO successfully launched the BlueBird Block-2 communication satellite of US-based AST SpaceMobile from the Satish Dhawan Space Station, Sriharikota, at 8:55 am IST. The satellite was placed accurately into its intended orbit, and the mission was declared a success. The BlueBird Block-2 spacecraft is the heaviest payload ever launched into Low Earth Orbit by the LVM3 rocket, marking a milestone in India’s heavy-lift launch capability and its role in the global commercial launch market.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Brajesh Kumar Singh Appointed as MD & CEO of Canara Bank: Brajesh Kumar Singh has been appointed as the Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Canara Bank.

Singh brings extensive experience in banking operations, management, and strategic planning, positioning him to drive growth and innovation at the bank.His appointment is expected to strengthen Canara Bank’s leadership, enhance operational efficiency, and support its long-term business and financial objectives.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. PGIMER Chandigarh Named Best Health Technology Assessment Institute for Second Consecutive Year: PGIMER, Chandigarh, has been awarded the Best Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Institute in India for the second consecutive year by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW).The honour was conferred at the ARISE 2025 national conclave held at Sushma Swaraj Bhawan, New Delhi, organised by Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn) under the MoHFW.PGIMER’s achievement is driven by its HTA Resource Hub under the Department of Health Research, led by Prof Shankar Prinja, which has played a key role in building national capacity for evidence-based health decision-making.

 

Daily GK Update- 23rd Dec, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Meghalaya Mandates Khasi and Garo in Early Education to Strengthen Cultural Roots: Meghalaya has made Khasi and Garo mandatory in the curriculum up to Class-1 to simplify learning and strengthen cultural identity from the foundational years.New textbooks will be optional in the coming academic year and will become compulsory from the next session, considering schools have already finalised syllabi.Approval was given for a ₹25-crore Mission Mode HIV/AIDS project, mandatory green building certification for large constructions, new cooperative financing society, and arrangements for hosting the 39th National Games.

 

2. Jammu & Kashmir Inaugurates First Gen Z Post Office at AIIMS Vijaypur: Jammu and Kashmir inaugurated its first Gen Z Post Office at the AIIMS Vijaypur campus, marking a major step in modernising postal services.Launched under the Department of Posts’ modernisation initiative, the facility offers a contemporary ambience, digital payments, and simplified service delivery tailored for Generation Z.The post office provides postal, banking, and insurance services together, enhancing convenience for students and staff on campus.

 

3. President Assents to Viksit Bharat (Gramin) Act: The President has given assent to the Viksit Bharat—Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Act, 2025, replacing MGNREGA, 2005 and aligning rural employment policy with the vision of Viksit Bharat @2047.The Act increases the statutory wage employment guarantee to at least 125 days per rural household per financial year, strengthening livelihood security, income stability, and the right to demand employment.States may notify up to 60 days of aggregated pause during peak agricultural seasons while retaining the full 125-day guarantee; weekly or within 15 days wage payments are mandated, with compensation for delays.Wage employment is integrated with the creation of durable rural assets across priority areas like water security, core rural infrastructure, livelihoods, and climate resilience, using bottom-up planning via Viksit Gram Panchayat Plans and national convergence platforms.

 

4. PM Modi Lays Foundation for ₹10,601-Crore Fertiliser Plant in Assam: PM Narendra Modi inaugurated the ₹10,601-crore brownfield ammonia-urea plant in Dibrugarh, Assam, set to be commissioned by 2030.The new Assam Valley Fertiliser and Chemical Company Ltd (AVFCCL) plant will have an annual urea production of 12.7 lakh metric tonnes, enhancing the region’s fertiliser output.AVFCCL is a joint venture among the Assam Government, Oil India, National Fertilisers Ltd (NFL), Hindustan Urvarak & Rasayan Ltd (HURL), and BVFCL, combining public and state expertise.The plant will be the first in India to use associated natural gas as a primary raw material for producing nitrogenous fertiliser, leveraging sustainable and efficient resources.

 

5. IIFL Finance Appoints Former RBI Deputy Governor B P Kanungo as Non-Executive Chairman: India Infoline Finance Limited (IIFL) has appointed P. Kanungo, a former Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, as non-executive chairman of its board, bringing extensive regulatory and central banking expertise.Kanungo has over four decades of experience in monetary policy, financial regulation, and central banking, having served as Deputy Governor of the RBI (2017–2021) and as a member of the Monetary Policy Committee.As chairman, he will lead the board in strategic direction, enhance governance standards, and ensure the protection of interests of shareholders, customers, regulators, and other stakeholders.

 

6. 23 December -Kisan Diwas: 23rd December is observed as Kisan Diwas (Farmer’s Day) in India to honour the contributions of farmers to the nation.The day marks the birth anniversary of Chaudhary Charan Singh, the 5th Prime Minister of India, known for his work towards farmers’ welfare.Kisan Diwas highlights the vital role of farmers in food security, rural economy, and sustainable agriculture in India.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. PM Modi Releases Commemorative Ashwagandha Postal Stamp at WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine: At the 2nd WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine in New Delhi, Prime Minister Narendra Modi released a commemorative postal stamp on Ashwagandha, symbolising India’s commitment to promoting traditional medicine globally.The stamp highlights the scientific and cultural value of Ashwagandha, a key medicinal herb in Ayurveda known for stress reduction, immunity enhancement, and overall well-being, and reinforces India’s efforts to promote AYUSH systems internationally.The release serves as a symbolic and educational initiative, acting as a cultural ambassador to spread awareness of India’s traditional medicinal heritage and its vision of integrating traditional medicine with modern healthcare systems.

 

2. CERT-In Warns of GhostPairing Threat Targeting WhatsApp Users : The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team has issued a high-severity advisory warning of an active cyber threat campaign targeting WhatsApp users across India. The attack, known as GhostPairing, enables cybercriminals to hijack WhatsApp accounts without passwords or SIM swaps, raising fresh concerns over messaging platform security amid rising digital fraud. According to Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, GhostPairing exploits WhatsApp’s multi-device feature. The attack tricks users into entering a legitimate-looking pairing code, unknowingly granting an attacker’s browser access as a hidden, trusted device. Once linked, the attacker gains full control of the victim’s WhatsApp Web session without triggering alerts on the primary phone. The campaign typically begins with a message appearing to come from a trusted contact, often saying “Hi, check this photo.” The message contains a link with a Facebook-style preview that redirects users to a fake viewer page. Victims are then prompted to “verify” by entering their phone number and a code. CERT-In noted that this seemingly harmless process results in complete account takeover, without any SIM compromise.

 

3. Australia Invites Israeli President After Bondi Beach Shooting: Australia has announced plans to invite Israel’s president for an official visit following a deadly antisemitic attack in Sydney that targeted the Jewish community. The move comes amid national mourning and renewed political focus on combating rising antisemitism and ensuring community safety across the country. Anthony Albanese said his government would formally invite Isaac Herzog to Australia as soon as possible, following established diplomatic protocol. In a public statement, Albanese said he felt a deep sense of responsibility in the wake of the attack and reaffirmed the government’s commitment to protecting Australia’s multicultural fabric. The invitation will be issued by the Governor-General on the advice of the Australian government. The announcement followed a mass shooting at Bondi Beach in Sydney, where gunmen killed 15 people during a Hanukkah event on December 14. Australian authorities have described the incident as an antisemitic terrorist attack. The assault has shaken the nation and prompted urgent discussions on hate crimes, domestic security, and gun control measures.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Centre to set up statutory Bureau of Port Security to strengthen maritime security framework: Union Home Minister Amit Shah convened a high-level meeting to initiate the creation of a dedicated Bureau of Port Security (BoPS) aimed at strengthening the security of ships and port infrastructure across India.The Bureau of Port Security will be set up as a statutory body under Section 13 of the Merchant Shipping Act, 2025, functioning under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, with responsibilities for regulatory oversight and coordination of port security.The proposed security framework will follow a graded and risk-based approach, factoring in vulnerabilities, trade potential, geographical location, and emerging threats, including cyber security, with a dedicated division to protect port IT systems.CISF has been designated as a Recognised Security Organisation for ports, responsible for security assessments, preparation of security plans, and training and certification of private security agencies, while the BoPS will be headed by a Director General of IPS rank, modeled on BCAS.

 

2. India–Russia Conduct Joint Air Exercise AviaIndra to Strengthen Defence and Aerospace Cooperation: The Indian Air Force is hosting Exercise AviaIndra with the Russian Federation Aerospace Force (RFASF), continuing the bilateral air exercise series that began in 2014.Personnel from both countries are conducting joint flying operations on platforms such as Su-30 MKI, Tejas, IL-78 aircraft and Mi-17 helicopters, focusing on operational coordination.The exercise aims to enhance bilateral defence cooperation, promote mutual understanding, and strengthen aerospace synergy by sharing best practices and lessons learned

 

3. Indian Coast Guard Commissions ICGS Amulya: The Indian Coast Guard commissioned ICGS Amulya, the third vessel of the new-generation Adamya-class Fast Patrol Vessels, at Goa, with the ceremony attended by senior officials from the Ministry of Defence and Goa Shipyard Limited.Built by Goa Shipyard Limited, the 51-metre vessel has over 60% indigenous content, reflecting India’s Atmanirbhar Bharat and Make in India initiatives; Amulya means “priceless”.Powered by two 3000 kW diesel engines, ICGS Amulya can achieve a top speed of 27 knots with an operational endurance of 1,500 nautical miles, and is equipped with advanced integrated navigation, machinery, and power management systems.Based at Paradip, Odisha, the vessel will strengthen maritime security along the eastern seaboard by undertaking missions such as surveillance, search and rescue, anti-smuggling, interdiction, and pollution response.

 

4. INSV Kaundinya to Begin Maiden Overseas Voyage: INSV Kaundinya, the Indian Navy’s unique stitched sailing vessel that revives India’s ancient shipbuilding and maritime traditions, will undertake her maiden overseas voyage on December 29, 2025. The historic journey marks a symbolic return to India’s long-standing seafaring legacy and its deep civilisational links across the Indian Ocean. The vessel will be flagged off from Porbandar in Gujarat and will sail to Muscat in Oman, retracing historic maritime routes that once connected the Indian subcontinent with West Asia and beyond. The voyage reflects India’s enduring maritime engagement with the Indian Ocean region, which facilitated trade, cultural exchange and diplomatic ties for centuries. INSV Kaundinya has been constructed entirely using the traditional stitched-plank technique, a method once widely practised along India’s coastline. Unlike modern ships, the wooden planks of the vessel are stitched together using coconut coir rope and sealed with natural resins. This technology, devoid of metal fastenings, enabled ancient Indian mariners to undertake long-distance oceanic voyages to Africa, Southeast Asia and West Asia well before the advent of modern navigation tools.

 

SPORTS

 

1. NASA Loses Contact with MAVEN Mars Orbiter: NASA has lost contact with its Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft, a long-serving Mars orbiter that has been studying how the Red Planet’s atmosphere is escaping into space. The spacecraft went silent in early December, and engineers are continuing efforts to re-establish communication and assess its status. Launched by NASA in November 2013, MAVEN entered Mars orbit in September 2014 and was designed to study the planet’s upper atmosphere and ionosphere. Its instruments measure gases, ions, solar wind and magnetic interactions, helping scientists understand how Mars transitioned from a warmer, wetter planet to the cold and arid world seen today. Though planned as a two-year mission, MAVEN has operated for more than a decade on extended duty. Beyond science, MAVEN plays a crucial operational role by relaying data between Earth and surface missions such as Curiosity and Perseverance. With MAVEN currently silent, NASA has shifted relay duties to other orbiters, including the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Odyssey, while also coordinating with European Mars orbiters to ensure continuity.

 

2. MYAS Launches Comprehensive Internship Policy for Sports Ecosystem: The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports has launched a Comprehensive Internship Policy to create a structured, large-scale platform for nurturing young talent and strengthening India’s sports ecosystem. The initiative aims to provide meaningful exposure to sports governance, administration and allied professional domains, while building a future-ready talent pipeline aligned with India’s long-term sporting ambitions. Under the new policy, 452 internships will be offered annually across the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports and its autonomous bodies. These include the Sports Authority of India, the National Anti-Doping Agency and the National Dope Testing Laboratory. The programme targets college and university students, offering first-hand experience in sports administration, governance, sports science, anti-doping, event management and athlete support services. Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports Mansukh Mandaviya said the initiative would empower young minds to contribute meaningfully to India’s sporting journey. He emphasised that the transformation of the sports ecosystem requires skilled professionals and institutional support, and the internship programme opens avenues for youth to gain hands-on experience and participate in nation-building through sports.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Subansiri Lower Project Unit-2 Commissioned, Boosting Clean Power: Union Minister of Power, Housing and Urban Affairs Manohar Lal on Monday inaugurated the commercial operation of Unit–2 (250 MW) of the 2,000 MW Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project through virtual mode. The commissioning marks a major milestone in India’s largest hydropower project and reinforces the country’s commitment to clean, sustainable energy, particularly for the North-East region. Speaking at the event, Manohar Lal described the commissioning as more than a technical achievement, calling it a result of years of dedication and teamwork. He said the Subansiri project symbolises India’s resolve to expand renewable energy, strengthen the national grid and advance long-term Net Zero goals, while accelerating development in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and the wider North-East. With Unit-2 now operational, the project is moving towards commissioning three more units of 250 MW each in the near term. The remaining four units are scheduled for phased commissioning during 2026–27. Once fully commissioned, the Subansiri Lower Project will generate 7,422 million units of renewable electricity annually, significantly enhancing India’s green energy capacity and grid resilience.

 

2. National Consumer Day 2025 Highlights Digital Justice Push: National Consumer Day is observed across India on December 24 every year to underline the importance of consumer rights and effective consumer protection. The day marks the anniversary of the President’s assent to the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, which laid the foundation for a structured consumer rights regime in the country. Over the years, the observance has evolved into a platform to assess reforms, promote awareness and strengthen grievance redressal mechanisms. In 2025, National Consumer Day is guided by the theme “Efficient and Speedy Disposal through Digital Justice”. The theme reflects India’s growing emphasis on technology-enabled consumer grievance redressal systems that ensure accessibility, transparency and faster outcomes. The observance highlights responsible consumer behaviour while encouraging institutions to adopt modern, citizen-centric practices.

 

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Piramal Finance to Sell 14.72% Stake in Shriram Life Insurance to Sanlam for ₹600 Crore: Piramal Finance has signed a share purchase agreement to sell its entire 14.72% equity stake in Shriram Life Insurance Company Ltd (SLIC) to Sanlam Emerging Markets (Mauritius) Ltd for ₹600 crore.The deal is expected to be completed by the quarter ending March 31, 2026, subject to necessary regulatory approvals, including clearance from IRDAI.SLIC contributed ₹12.68 crore to Piramal Finance’s FY25 revenue, accounting for just 0.12% of its total revenue, mainly through dividend income.

 

2. MUFG Bank to Acquire 20% Stake in Shriram Finance for ₹39,618 Crore in India’s Largest Financial Services FDI: Shriram Finance has entered into definitive agreements with Japan’s MUFG Bank for a ₹39,618 crore ($4.4 billion) investment to acquire a 20% stake via a preferential share issue, marking India’s largest FDI in a financial services company.MUFG will be allotted over 471 million shares at ₹840.93 per share and will have the right to appoint two nominee directors to Shriram Finance’s board.The transaction may lead to a credit rating upgrade for Shriram Finance and provides MUFG a clear pathway to gradually acquire a controlling stake, subject to RBI approvals, including a $200 million non-compete fee signalling long-term strategic intent.

 

3. Airtel Payments Bank Enables EV Wallet Recharges via Bharat Connect on Airtel Thanks App: Airtel Payments Bank, in partnership with NPCI Bharat BillPay, has enabled electric vehicle (EV) wallet recharges on the Airtel Thanks app through the Bharat Connect (BBPS) platform.The facility allows users to instantly top up EV charging point operator (CPO) wallets linked with Bharat Connect, eliminating the need to use multiple operator-specific apps and ensuring secure, interoperable payments.Customers can recharge EV wallets by selecting the “Recharge EV” option in the Airtel Thanks app, entering their registered mobile number and amount, with instant credit to the EV wallet across India.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Chennai Team Wins Global Honour at NASA’s 2025 Space Apps Challenge with Satellite Internet Innovation: An Indian team’s satellite internet concept emerged as a global winner of NASA’s 2025 International Space Apps Challenge. The Chennai-based team, Photonics Odyssey, proposed a sovereign, phased-array satellite internet infrastructure to expand broadband access across remote regions and won the Most Inspirational Award.The project aims to reduce ground dependency and help connect more than 700 million people in India who currently lack access to broadband connectivity. The winning team members, according to NASA Space Apps, are Manish D., M. K., Prasanth G., Rajalingam N., Rashi M., and Sakthi R.The 2025 edition of its flagship global hackathon brought together more than 1 lakh 14 thousand participants across 5 hundred and 51 local events in 1 hundred and 67 countries and territories.

 

Daily GK Update- 22nd Dec, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Good Governance Week 2025 Launched with ‘Prashasan Gaon Ki Ore’ to Strengthen Grassroots Governance: Good Governance Week 2025 has been launched by the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG) and will be observed from 19 to 25 December 2025, with guidelines released by DARPG Secretary Rachna Shah.The nationwide ‘Prashasan Gaon Ki Ore’ campaign remains the core initiative, aiming to strengthen grassroots outreach, grievance redressal, and public service delivery through district administrations.Under the campaign, district collectors will organise special camps at the tehsil, block, and panchayat levels to directly engage with citizens.The campaign is being conducted in two phases—a preparatory phase (11–18 December) and an implementation phase (19–25 December), with district-level dissemination workshops on 23 December 2025 focusing on District @100 and good governance initiatives.

 

2. MSME Ministry Implements NSSH Scheme to Boost SC/ST Entrepreneurship and Public Procurement Participatio: The Ministry of MSME is implementing the National Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Hub (NSSH) Scheme to promote entrepreneurship among SC/ST communities and ensure 4% mandatory public procurement from SC/ST MSEs under the Public Procurement Policy.The scheme provides multi-dimensional support through capacity building, market linkage initiatives, Special Vendor Development Programmes (SVDPs), awareness workshops, subsidies on plant & machinery, and financial assistance for the Single Point Registration Scheme.Under the Special Marketing Assistance component, SC/ST entrepreneurs are supported to participate in domestic and international exhibitions; 3,929 entrepreneurs have been facilitated in domestic exhibitions at a cost of ₹36.41 crore over the last 7 years.To enhance outreach, the NSSH Scheme conducts conclaves, SVDPs, and awareness workshops across the country and leverages social media platforms for wider dissemination among the target beneficiaries.

 

3. GI-Tagged Indi Lime from Karnataka Enters Oman Market with First Export Shipment: GI-tagged Indi Lime from Vijayapura, Karnataka entered the Oman market with its first export shipment of 3 metric tonnes, boosting India’s agricultural exports.As part of market diversification, 350 kg of Indi Lime was also flagged off for export to the United Kingdom, taking the total exports to nearly 12.35 MTs from the district.The export to Oman gains importance following the India–Oman CEPA/FTA, which aims to strengthen bilateral trade and enhance market access for Indian agricultural products.

 

4. DDWS Organises Second Edition of Sujal Gram Samvad to Strengthen Rural Water Governance: The Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DDWS) under the Ministry of Jal Shakti organised the second edition of Sujal Gram Samvad to enhance rural water governance.Sujal Gram Samvad provides a direct communication platform between the Union Government and rural communities, enabling villagers to share their experiences and feedback on the Har Ghar Jal missionThe event was attended by Union Minister Shri C.R. Patil and Minister of State V. Somanna, along with village sarpanchs, Gram Panchayat members, Jal Jeevan Mission beneficiaries, women groups, students, and community leaders.The first edition, held on 18 November 2025, successfully covered 12 States and Union Territories in 12 different languages, highlighting its inclusive and participatory approach.

 

5. Uttar Pradesh to Establish India’s First Dedicated Forest University in Gorakhpur: Uttar Pradesh will establish India’s first dedicated Forest University in Gorakhpur, focusing on forestry, wildlife, and environmental sciences, marking a historic step in specialised education and research.The 125-acre campus is strategically located near the Jatayu Conservation and Breeding Centre, providing opportunities for field-based learning and applied research in natural ecosystems.The university will offer academic programmes in forestry, agroforestry, social forestry, horticulture, wildlife studies, ecology, climate change, and environmental sustainability, with strong emphasis on practical exposure.UP government allocated ₹50 crore in the 2024 budget for preliminary work; the campus will include hostels, laboratories, classrooms, an auditorium, sports facilities, and faculty housing, making it a national hub for forest education and conservation training.

 

6. 22 December – National Mathematics Day: National Mathematics Day is celebrated in India on 22nd December every year to honour the birth anniversary of the legendary mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan.The day recognises Ramanujan’s outstanding contributions to mathematical research, including number theory, infinite series, and continued fractions.It aims to promote awareness and interest in mathematics among students, educators, and the general public across the country.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India and Netherlands Set Up Joint Trade and Investment Committee to Boost Bilateral Economic Ties: India and the Netherlands have established the India–Netherlands Joint Trade and Investment Committee (JTIC) through an MoU, marking a key step toward strengthening bilateral trade, investment, and economic cooperation.The JTIC will act as a formal institutional mechanism for regular dialogue to review trade relations, promote two-way investments, address trade and investment barriers, and explore cooperation in priority sectors.As per the MoU, the JTIC will meet annually, with meetings held alternately in India and the Netherlands, ensuring sustained and structured engagement.

 

2. Armenia Unveils ‘Yerevan Blue Butterfly’ as Official Logo for COP17 Biodiversity Conference: Armenia unveiled the official logo for COP17, featuring the ‘Yerevan Blue Butterfly’ (Polyommatus eriwanensis), a species endemic to the Yerevan region.The logo is accompanied by the slogan “Taking action for nature”, highlighting the conference’s emphasis on implementation over commitments in biodiversity conservation.COP17, scheduled for October 2026, will conduct the first global review of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, with the logo’s 23 blended colours symbolising its 23 biodiversity targets.

 

3. MEA Secretary P. Kumaran Highlights India’s Civilizational Values at 11th UNAOC in Riyadh: MEA Secretary (East) P. Kumaran led the Indian delegation at the 11th United Nations Alliance of Civilisations (UNAOC) held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and delivered India’s national statement at the High-Level Meeting of the Group of Friends of UNAOC.He highlighted India’s civilizational values and global outlook, invoking the principles of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (the world as one family) and Sarva Dharma Samabhav, emphasising equal respect for all religions.The 11th UNAOC, hosted by Saudi Arabia, marked two decades of dialogue under the theme “Two Decades of Dialogue for Humanity Advancing a New Era of Mutual Respect and Understanding in a Multipolar World” and also commemorated the 20th anniversary of UNAOC, established in 2005.

 

4. India Assumes BRICS Presidency 2026 as Brazil Hands Over Leadership: Brazil formally concluded its BRICS presidency in 2025 and officially handed over the rotating BRICS leadership to India for 2026 at a Sherpas meeting in Brasília, marking the transition of chairship within the bloc.The transition ceremony included a review of Brazil’s achievements under its presidency and a presentation of India’s planned priorities for the upcoming BRICS agenda.The presidency handover positions India to host the 18th BRICS Summit in 2026, furthering its role in shaping strategic cooperation among emerging economies. India will officially assume the chair on January 1, 2026.

 

5. 20 December – International Human Solidarity Day: International Human Solidarity Day is observed every year on 20 December to promote unity, cooperation, and collective responsibility among nations and people.Theme 2025 – Uniting Communities for a Shared FutureThe day highlights solidarity as a core value for achieving sustainable development, poverty eradication, and social justice worldwide.It emphasizes supporting vulnerable and marginalized communities, especially in developing and least-developed countries.

 

6. 21 December – World Saree Day: World Saree Day is celebrated on 21st December to honour and promote the rich cultural heritage of the saree, one of India’s most iconic traditional garments.The day highlights the craftsmanship, regional diversity, and artistry involved in saree weaving across India.It encourages people globally to appreciate, wear, and celebrate the saree, fostering cultural pride and preserving this timeless tradition.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Trump Announces ‘Trump-class’ Battleships for US Navy: US President Donald Trump has announced plans for a new class of heavily armed warships that will bear his name, signalling an ambitious push to expand and modernise the United States Navy. The proposal, unveiled at Trump’s Mar-a-Lago residence in Florida, marks a rare move, as US naval vessels are typically named after leaders only after they have left office. According to the president, the initial plan involves the construction of two Trump-class warships, with scope for the programme to expand further. Trump described the vessels as among the “most lethal surface warfare ships” ever built by the US and claimed they would be the largest battleships in American history. The proposed ships are expected to displace between 30,000 and 40,000 tonnes, making them significantly larger than current US destroyers and cruisers, though still smaller than the retired Iowa-class battleships.

 

2. India Nears $450 Million BrahMos Missile Export Deals with Vietnam and Indonesia: India has moved closer to finalising major defence export agreements with Vietnam and Indonesia for the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile, marking a significant milestone in New Delhi’s expanding defence diplomacy in Southeast Asia. The proposed deals, together valued at over ₹4,000 crore (around $450 million), underscore India’s growing role as a supplier of advanced weapon systems to friendly countries. The BrahMos missile is jointly developed by India and Russia, making Moscow’s consent essential for third-country exports. Russia has conveyed that it has no objection to India supplying the missile systems to Vietnam and Indonesia. This assurance was communicated during a delegation-level meeting between Indian defence minister Rajnath Singh and his Russian counterpart Andrei Belousov earlier this month. A formal no-objection certificate from Russia is now awaited, after which the contracts can be formally signed.

 

3. GRSE Delivers Fifth Warship to Navy in 2025: Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) has delivered its fifth warship to the Indian Navy this year, reinforcing India’s indigenous shipbuilding capacity and maritime preparedness. The latest delivery underlines the shipyard’s sustained production momentum and its central role in strengthening national defence capabilities. The Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC) “Anjadip”, the third vessel in a planned series of eight, was handed over to the Navy at Chennai Port. Designed and built indigenously by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers, “Anjadip” is the 115th warship constructed by the shipyard and the 77th delivered to the Indian Navy. The vessel was formally accepted by the Eastern Naval Command.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. PM2.5: Why breathing Mumbai’s air is a health risk even for non-smokers: For decades, lung disease in India was largely viewed as a smoker’s problem. That assumption is rapidly collapsing. Doctors now warn that even lifelong non-smokers are developing chronic respiratory and heart conditions, driven not by personal habits but by the air they breathe every day. Mumbai’s winter pollution offers a stark illustration of how fine particulate matter — especially PM2.5 — has turned routine breathing into a long-term health risk. This winter, Mumbai has recorded marginally better Air Quality Index (AQI) readings compared to some previous years. Yet doctors and air-quality researchers caution against complacency. Beneath relatively reassuring AQI numbers, PM2.5 concentrations have remained persistently high across several parts of the city.

PM2.5 pollution tends to worsen in winter as cooler temperatures, calm winds, and temperature inversions trap pollutants close to the ground. Vehicular emissions, construction dust, industrial activity, waste burning, and secondary chemical reactions in the atmosphere combine to create a toxic mix that lingers over the city — often invisible, but deeply harmful.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. ADB Commits USD 4.26 Billion in Sovereign Loans to India for Renewable Energy, Urban Development, and Healthcare in 2025: The Asian Development Bank (ADB) committed USD 4.258 billion in sovereign lending to India in 2025, supporting projects in skills development, renewable energy, urban infrastructure, metro expansion, healthcare, and ecotourism.32% of ADB’s 16 newly committed projects focus on human and social development, 26% on energy (mainly renewable energy), and over 18% on urban development.Key initiatives include USD 650 million for PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (rooftop solar adoption), USD 460 million to Maharashtra for rural power modernisation, and USD 398.8 million to Assam for healthcare and medical education.Additional loans include over USD 200 million to Meghalaya and Uttarakhand for ecotourism development; ADB, founded in 1966, is a multilateral development bank owned by 69 members supporting sustainable growth across Asia-Pacific.

 

2. Piramal Finance to Sell Entire 14.72% Stake in Shriram Life Insurance for ₹600 Crore: Piramal Finance Ltd will sell its entire 14.72% equity stake in Shriram Life Insurance (SLI) to Sanlam Emerging Markets (Mauritius) Ltd (SEMM) for around ₹600 crore.The transaction is expected to be completed by the quarter ending March 31, 2026, subject to regulatory approvals.SEMM is a 100% subsidiary of the Sanlam Group, a leading pan-African financial services group headquartered in South Africa with operations in over 30 countries, including India.

 

3. RBI Imposes ₹61.95 Lakh Penalty on Kotak Mahindra Bank for Regulatory Lapses: RBI imposed a monetary penalty of ₹61.95 lakh on Kotak Mahindra Bank for non-compliance with multiple regulatory norms.The violations relate to Basic Savings Bank Deposit (BSBD) accounts, Business Correspondents (BCs) guidelines, and provisions of the Credit Information Companies (CIC) Rules, 2006.The penalty was levied through an order dated December 11, 2025, for failure to adhere to RBI’s directions on access to banking services and permitted BC activities.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Advocate Shubham Awasthi Receives 40 Under 40 Lawyer Award: Advocate Shubham Awasthi, a practising lawyer at the Supreme Court of India, has been honoured with the prestigious 40 Under 40 Lawyer Award 2025, recognising his professional excellence and humanitarian contributions. The award places him among the most promising legal professionals shaping India’s contemporary legal landscape. The award was conferred during the 6th Edition of the BW Legal World 40 Under 40 Lawyers and Legal Influencers Awards 2025, held in New Delhi. The event brought together senior advocates, policymakers, Additional Solicitors General of India, and former judges of the Delhi High Court. The platform celebrated merit-based recognition across diverse legal domains, including corporate advisory, dispute resolution, regulatory practice, technology transactions, and cross-border mandates.