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Monday, December 22, 2025

Daily GK Update- 22nd Dec, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Good Governance Week 2025 Launched with ‘Prashasan Gaon Ki Ore’ to Strengthen Grassroots Governance: Good Governance Week 2025 has been launched by the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG) and will be observed from 19 to 25 December 2025, with guidelines released by DARPG Secretary Rachna Shah.The nationwide ‘Prashasan Gaon Ki Ore’ campaign remains the core initiative, aiming to strengthen grassroots outreach, grievance redressal, and public service delivery through district administrations.Under the campaign, district collectors will organise special camps at the tehsil, block, and panchayat levels to directly engage with citizens.The campaign is being conducted in two phases—a preparatory phase (11–18 December) and an implementation phase (19–25 December), with district-level dissemination workshops on 23 December 2025 focusing on District @100 and good governance initiatives.

 

2. MSME Ministry Implements NSSH Scheme to Boost SC/ST Entrepreneurship and Public Procurement Participatio: The Ministry of MSME is implementing the National Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Hub (NSSH) Scheme to promote entrepreneurship among SC/ST communities and ensure 4% mandatory public procurement from SC/ST MSEs under the Public Procurement Policy.The scheme provides multi-dimensional support through capacity building, market linkage initiatives, Special Vendor Development Programmes (SVDPs), awareness workshops, subsidies on plant & machinery, and financial assistance for the Single Point Registration Scheme.Under the Special Marketing Assistance component, SC/ST entrepreneurs are supported to participate in domestic and international exhibitions; 3,929 entrepreneurs have been facilitated in domestic exhibitions at a cost of ₹36.41 crore over the last 7 years.To enhance outreach, the NSSH Scheme conducts conclaves, SVDPs, and awareness workshops across the country and leverages social media platforms for wider dissemination among the target beneficiaries.

 

3. GI-Tagged Indi Lime from Karnataka Enters Oman Market with First Export Shipment: GI-tagged Indi Lime from Vijayapura, Karnataka entered the Oman market with its first export shipment of 3 metric tonnes, boosting India’s agricultural exports.As part of market diversification, 350 kg of Indi Lime was also flagged off for export to the United Kingdom, taking the total exports to nearly 12.35 MTs from the district.The export to Oman gains importance following the India–Oman CEPA/FTA, which aims to strengthen bilateral trade and enhance market access for Indian agricultural products.

 

4. DDWS Organises Second Edition of Sujal Gram Samvad to Strengthen Rural Water Governance: The Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DDWS) under the Ministry of Jal Shakti organised the second edition of Sujal Gram Samvad to enhance rural water governance.Sujal Gram Samvad provides a direct communication platform between the Union Government and rural communities, enabling villagers to share their experiences and feedback on the Har Ghar Jal missionThe event was attended by Union Minister Shri C.R. Patil and Minister of State V. Somanna, along with village sarpanchs, Gram Panchayat members, Jal Jeevan Mission beneficiaries, women groups, students, and community leaders.The first edition, held on 18 November 2025, successfully covered 12 States and Union Territories in 12 different languages, highlighting its inclusive and participatory approach.

 

5. Uttar Pradesh to Establish India’s First Dedicated Forest University in Gorakhpur: Uttar Pradesh will establish India’s first dedicated Forest University in Gorakhpur, focusing on forestry, wildlife, and environmental sciences, marking a historic step in specialised education and research.The 125-acre campus is strategically located near the Jatayu Conservation and Breeding Centre, providing opportunities for field-based learning and applied research in natural ecosystems.The university will offer academic programmes in forestry, agroforestry, social forestry, horticulture, wildlife studies, ecology, climate change, and environmental sustainability, with strong emphasis on practical exposure.UP government allocated ₹50 crore in the 2024 budget for preliminary work; the campus will include hostels, laboratories, classrooms, an auditorium, sports facilities, and faculty housing, making it a national hub for forest education and conservation training.

 

6. 22 December – National Mathematics Day: National Mathematics Day is celebrated in India on 22nd December every year to honour the birth anniversary of the legendary mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan.The day recognises Ramanujan’s outstanding contributions to mathematical research, including number theory, infinite series, and continued fractions.It aims to promote awareness and interest in mathematics among students, educators, and the general public across the country.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India and Netherlands Set Up Joint Trade and Investment Committee to Boost Bilateral Economic Ties: India and the Netherlands have established the India–Netherlands Joint Trade and Investment Committee (JTIC) through an MoU, marking a key step toward strengthening bilateral trade, investment, and economic cooperation.The JTIC will act as a formal institutional mechanism for regular dialogue to review trade relations, promote two-way investments, address trade and investment barriers, and explore cooperation in priority sectors.As per the MoU, the JTIC will meet annually, with meetings held alternately in India and the Netherlands, ensuring sustained and structured engagement.

 

2. Armenia Unveils ‘Yerevan Blue Butterfly’ as Official Logo for COP17 Biodiversity Conference: Armenia unveiled the official logo for COP17, featuring the ‘Yerevan Blue Butterfly’ (Polyommatus eriwanensis), a species endemic to the Yerevan region.The logo is accompanied by the slogan “Taking action for nature”, highlighting the conference’s emphasis on implementation over commitments in biodiversity conservation.COP17, scheduled for October 2026, will conduct the first global review of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, with the logo’s 23 blended colours symbolising its 23 biodiversity targets.

 

3. MEA Secretary P. Kumaran Highlights India’s Civilizational Values at 11th UNAOC in Riyadh: MEA Secretary (East) P. Kumaran led the Indian delegation at the 11th United Nations Alliance of Civilisations (UNAOC) held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and delivered India’s national statement at the High-Level Meeting of the Group of Friends of UNAOC.He highlighted India’s civilizational values and global outlook, invoking the principles of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (the world as one family) and Sarva Dharma Samabhav, emphasising equal respect for all religions.The 11th UNAOC, hosted by Saudi Arabia, marked two decades of dialogue under the theme “Two Decades of Dialogue for Humanity Advancing a New Era of Mutual Respect and Understanding in a Multipolar World” and also commemorated the 20th anniversary of UNAOC, established in 2005.

 

4. India Assumes BRICS Presidency 2026 as Brazil Hands Over Leadership: Brazil formally concluded its BRICS presidency in 2025 and officially handed over the rotating BRICS leadership to India for 2026 at a Sherpas meeting in Brasília, marking the transition of chairship within the bloc.The transition ceremony included a review of Brazil’s achievements under its presidency and a presentation of India’s planned priorities for the upcoming BRICS agenda.The presidency handover positions India to host the 18th BRICS Summit in 2026, furthering its role in shaping strategic cooperation among emerging economies. India will officially assume the chair on January 1, 2026.

 

5. 20 December – International Human Solidarity Day: International Human Solidarity Day is observed every year on 20 December to promote unity, cooperation, and collective responsibility among nations and people.Theme 2025 – Uniting Communities for a Shared FutureThe day highlights solidarity as a core value for achieving sustainable development, poverty eradication, and social justice worldwide.It emphasizes supporting vulnerable and marginalized communities, especially in developing and least-developed countries.

 

6. 21 December – World Saree Day: World Saree Day is celebrated on 21st December to honour and promote the rich cultural heritage of the saree, one of India’s most iconic traditional garments.The day highlights the craftsmanship, regional diversity, and artistry involved in saree weaving across India.It encourages people globally to appreciate, wear, and celebrate the saree, fostering cultural pride and preserving this timeless tradition.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Trump Announces ‘Trump-class’ Battleships for US Navy: US President Donald Trump has announced plans for a new class of heavily armed warships that will bear his name, signalling an ambitious push to expand and modernise the United States Navy. The proposal, unveiled at Trump’s Mar-a-Lago residence in Florida, marks a rare move, as US naval vessels are typically named after leaders only after they have left office. According to the president, the initial plan involves the construction of two Trump-class warships, with scope for the programme to expand further. Trump described the vessels as among the “most lethal surface warfare ships” ever built by the US and claimed they would be the largest battleships in American history. The proposed ships are expected to displace between 30,000 and 40,000 tonnes, making them significantly larger than current US destroyers and cruisers, though still smaller than the retired Iowa-class battleships.

 

2. India Nears $450 Million BrahMos Missile Export Deals with Vietnam and Indonesia: India has moved closer to finalising major defence export agreements with Vietnam and Indonesia for the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile, marking a significant milestone in New Delhi’s expanding defence diplomacy in Southeast Asia. The proposed deals, together valued at over ₹4,000 crore (around $450 million), underscore India’s growing role as a supplier of advanced weapon systems to friendly countries. The BrahMos missile is jointly developed by India and Russia, making Moscow’s consent essential for third-country exports. Russia has conveyed that it has no objection to India supplying the missile systems to Vietnam and Indonesia. This assurance was communicated during a delegation-level meeting between Indian defence minister Rajnath Singh and his Russian counterpart Andrei Belousov earlier this month. A formal no-objection certificate from Russia is now awaited, after which the contracts can be formally signed.

 

3. GRSE Delivers Fifth Warship to Navy in 2025: Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) has delivered its fifth warship to the Indian Navy this year, reinforcing India’s indigenous shipbuilding capacity and maritime preparedness. The latest delivery underlines the shipyard’s sustained production momentum and its central role in strengthening national defence capabilities. The Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC) “Anjadip”, the third vessel in a planned series of eight, was handed over to the Navy at Chennai Port. Designed and built indigenously by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers, “Anjadip” is the 115th warship constructed by the shipyard and the 77th delivered to the Indian Navy. The vessel was formally accepted by the Eastern Naval Command.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. PM2.5: Why breathing Mumbai’s air is a health risk even for non-smokers: For decades, lung disease in India was largely viewed as a smoker’s problem. That assumption is rapidly collapsing. Doctors now warn that even lifelong non-smokers are developing chronic respiratory and heart conditions, driven not by personal habits but by the air they breathe every day. Mumbai’s winter pollution offers a stark illustration of how fine particulate matter — especially PM2.5 — has turned routine breathing into a long-term health risk. This winter, Mumbai has recorded marginally better Air Quality Index (AQI) readings compared to some previous years. Yet doctors and air-quality researchers caution against complacency. Beneath relatively reassuring AQI numbers, PM2.5 concentrations have remained persistently high across several parts of the city.

PM2.5 pollution tends to worsen in winter as cooler temperatures, calm winds, and temperature inversions trap pollutants close to the ground. Vehicular emissions, construction dust, industrial activity, waste burning, and secondary chemical reactions in the atmosphere combine to create a toxic mix that lingers over the city — often invisible, but deeply harmful.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. ADB Commits USD 4.26 Billion in Sovereign Loans to India for Renewable Energy, Urban Development, and Healthcare in 2025: The Asian Development Bank (ADB) committed USD 4.258 billion in sovereign lending to India in 2025, supporting projects in skills development, renewable energy, urban infrastructure, metro expansion, healthcare, and ecotourism.32% of ADB’s 16 newly committed projects focus on human and social development, 26% on energy (mainly renewable energy), and over 18% on urban development.Key initiatives include USD 650 million for PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (rooftop solar adoption), USD 460 million to Maharashtra for rural power modernisation, and USD 398.8 million to Assam for healthcare and medical education.Additional loans include over USD 200 million to Meghalaya and Uttarakhand for ecotourism development; ADB, founded in 1966, is a multilateral development bank owned by 69 members supporting sustainable growth across Asia-Pacific.

 

2. Piramal Finance to Sell Entire 14.72% Stake in Shriram Life Insurance for ₹600 Crore: Piramal Finance Ltd will sell its entire 14.72% equity stake in Shriram Life Insurance (SLI) to Sanlam Emerging Markets (Mauritius) Ltd (SEMM) for around ₹600 crore.The transaction is expected to be completed by the quarter ending March 31, 2026, subject to regulatory approvals.SEMM is a 100% subsidiary of the Sanlam Group, a leading pan-African financial services group headquartered in South Africa with operations in over 30 countries, including India.

 

3. RBI Imposes ₹61.95 Lakh Penalty on Kotak Mahindra Bank for Regulatory Lapses: RBI imposed a monetary penalty of ₹61.95 lakh on Kotak Mahindra Bank for non-compliance with multiple regulatory norms.The violations relate to Basic Savings Bank Deposit (BSBD) accounts, Business Correspondents (BCs) guidelines, and provisions of the Credit Information Companies (CIC) Rules, 2006.The penalty was levied through an order dated December 11, 2025, for failure to adhere to RBI’s directions on access to banking services and permitted BC activities.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Advocate Shubham Awasthi Receives 40 Under 40 Lawyer Award: Advocate Shubham Awasthi, a practising lawyer at the Supreme Court of India, has been honoured with the prestigious 40 Under 40 Lawyer Award 2025, recognising his professional excellence and humanitarian contributions. The award places him among the most promising legal professionals shaping India’s contemporary legal landscape. The award was conferred during the 6th Edition of the BW Legal World 40 Under 40 Lawyers and Legal Influencers Awards 2025, held in New Delhi. The event brought together senior advocates, policymakers, Additional Solicitors General of India, and former judges of the Delhi High Court. The platform celebrated merit-based recognition across diverse legal domains, including corporate advisory, dispute resolution, regulatory practice, technology transactions, and cross-border mandates.

 

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