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Friday, January 2, 2026

Daily GK Update- 2nd Jan, 2026

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Army Hospital Creates History with India’s First 3D Flex Aqueous Angiography with iStent: India’s first 3D Flex Aqueous Angiography with iStent was successfully performed by the Ophthalmology Department at Army Hospital (Research & Referral), Delhi Cantt, marking a major milestone in glaucoma treatment.The procedure used a stand-mounted Spectralis imaging system and a 3D operating microscope, enabling real-time visualization of aqueous outflow pathways for highly precise, minimally invasive surgery.This breakthrough sets a new benchmark in glaucoma care in India, significantly improving surgical accuracy, patient outcomes, and positioning Armed Forces Medical Services among global leaders in ophthalmic innovation.

 

2. NTH and NHAI Sign MoU to Enhance Quality Assurance in National Highway Projects: National Test House (NTH) has signed an MoU with the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) to strengthen quality control, inspection and third-party testing in national highway and infrastructure projects.Under the agreement, NTH will be empanelled as a recognised laboratory for NHAI, allowing highway construction and allied work samples to be sent for scientific testing and inspection.Established in 1912 and functioning under the Department of Consumer Affairs, NTH will also support NHAI through online test requests, digital payments, nodal officer coordination and expert participation in technical committees.

 

3. C R Patil Launches ‘Jal Seva Aankalan’ to Boost Community-Led Water Governance under Jal Jeevan Mission: Union Jal Shakti Minister C R Patil virtually launched Jal Seva Aankalan to strengthen service delivery and community ownership under the Jal Jeevan Mission.Jal Seva Aankalan is a Gram Panchayat-led digital assessment tool available on the Jal Jeevan Mission portal to evaluate drinking water service functionality at the village level.The initiative is designed as a community-owned self-assessment, reducing dependence on infrequent and costly third-party surveys, with all Har Ghar Jal Gram Panchayats required to complete it by 26 January next year.The tool will empower Gram Panchayats, strengthen democratic decision-making through Gram Sabhas, ensure transparency, and help identify service delivery gaps early for timely corrective action.

 

4. Karnataka Records First Sighting of Ultra-Rare ‘Sandalwood Leopard’: Karnataka has documented its first-ever sighting of an ultra-rare leopard colour morph, informally named the “Sandalwood Leopard”, marking only the second confirmed instance of this rare big cat in India. The discovery, made in the Vijayanagara district, has drawn national and global attention to the state’s rich and genetically diverse wildlife. The Sandalwood Leopard is distinguished by a pale reddish-pink coat with light-brown rosettes, a stark contrast to the typical tawny coat with black rosettes seen in Indian leopards. The female leopard, estimated to be around six to seven years old, was captured on camera traps during wildlife research surveys. In subsequent images, she was seen alongside a cub with a normal tawny coat, highlighting the rarity of the adult’s coloration.

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Sheikh Khalifa Medical City Makes Global History with First Administration of ITVISMA Gene Therapy: Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, has become the first hospital in the world to administer ITVISMA, a one-time gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), marking a significant milestone in precision medicine.The therapy was administered under the supervision of the Department of Health, Abu Dhabi, after receiving regulatory approval, making the UAE the second country after the United States to authorise this advanced treatment.Developed by Novartis, ITVISMA targets the genetic root cause of SMA by replacing the defective SMN1 gene, enabling the production of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein.As a single-dose gene therapy approved for patients aged two years and above, ITVISMA expands access beyond infant-only treatments and offers the potential for sustained motor improvement with reduced long-term treatment dependence.

 

2. Why did the US strike Venezuela and Captured President Nicolas Maduro?: In the early hours of January 3, the United States carried out what President “Donald Trump” described as a “large-scale” military strike on Venezuela, followed by the dramatic claim that Venezuelan President “Nicolás Maduro” and his wife had been captured and flown out of the country. While Washington has offered few operational details and Caracas has not confirmed the capture, the episode marks the most direct US military action against Venezuela in decades — and raises fundamental questions about legality, regional stability, and America’s evolving use of force in the Western Hemisphere. Explosions were reported across the Venezuelan capital “Caracas” around 2 am local time. Residents described low-flying aircraft, shaking buildings, and power outages in parts of the city. Smoke was seen rising from military installations, including the La Carlota airfield and the sprawling Fuerte Tiuna complex, both central to Venezuela’s defence infrastructure.Soon after, President Trump announced on social media that US forces had conducted a coordinated operation with American law-enforcement agencies and had “captured” Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores. The Venezuelan government, while condemning what it called “extremely serious military aggression,” said it had no confirmation of the president’s whereabouts and demanded proof of life.

 

3. India–Australia Trade at Zero Tariffs: Why ECTA Is Quietly Redrawing the Indo-Pacific Economic Map: As of January 1, 2026, every Indian product entering Australia does so without paying a single rupee in tariff. No carve-outs, no fine print. Three years after the Australia-India Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA) came into force, Australia has fully eliminated tariffs on Indian exports — offering Indian businesses unfettered access to a nearly $2-trillion economy. In a world where trade barriers are rising, this stands out as a rare, consequential success story. The most striking outcome of “Australia-India Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement” is that Australia has now removed tariffs on 100% of Indian goods exports. This includes textiles, engineering goods, pharmaceuticals, automobiles, gems and jewellery, agricultural products, and processed foods.In return, India has progressively reduced or eliminated duties on a wide range of Australian exports — particularly coal, critical minerals, metals, wine, and certain agricultural products — creating a two-way flow that benefits both economies.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

 

DEFENCE

 

1. Rakesh Aggarwal Assigned Additional Charge as Interim DG of NIA Following Sadanand Date’s Repatriation: The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has assigned the additional charge of NIA Director General to Rakesh Aggarwal following the premature repatriation of the incumbent DG, Sadanand Vasant Date, to his parent cadre.Rakesh Aggarwal, a 1994-batch Himachal Pradesh cadre IPS officer and current Special Director General of NIA, will hold the interim charge until a regular DG is appointed or further orders are issued.

 

2. Lav Aggarwal Appointed DG of DGFT Amid Key Bureaucratic Reshuffle: Lav Aggarwal has been appointed as Director General of the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet as part of a bureaucratic reshuffle.Rabindra Kumar Agarwal, currently Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Cooperation, has been appointed as Chairman & Managing Director of the Food Corporation of India (FCI), replacing Ashutosh Agnihotri, who is now Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.Srikant Nagulapalli, Additional Secretary in the Ministry of Power, has been appointed as Director General of Hydrocarbons in the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas.Nidhi Pandey, currently Joint Secretary in the Department of Atomic Energy, will now serve as Additional Secretary, Department of Atomic Energy, taking over a key administrative role.

 

3. MoD Signs ₹4,666 Crore Defence Contracts for CQB Carbines and Heavy Weight Torpedoes: The Ministry of Defence (MoD) signed defence procurement contracts worth ₹4,666 crore for the acquisition of Close Quarter Battle (CQB) Carbines and Heavy Weight Torpedoes, in the presence of Defence Secretary Shri Rajesh Kumar Singh at South Block, New Delhi.This move aligns with the ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative, aiming to replace legacy weapon systems and equip Indian soldiers with modern, world-class combat capabilities.A contract worth around ₹1,896 crore was signed with WASS Submarine Systems S.R.L., Italy, for the procurement and integration of 48 Heavy Weight Torpedoes for the Kalvari Class (P-75) submarines of the Indian Navy, significantly boosting their combat strength.In FY 2025-26, the MoD has signed capital acquisition contracts worth ₹1,82,492 crore, reflecting a major push towards modernisation of the Indian Armed Forces.

 

4. India Successfully Conducts Salvo Launch of Indigenous ‘Pralay’ Ballistic Missiles off Odisha Coast: India successfully conducted a salvo launch of two indigenously developed ‘Pralay’ missiles off the Odisha coast as part of user evaluation trials.The test was carried out by DRDO and witnessed by officials from the Indian Army, Indian Air Force, and industry partners involved in development and production.‘Pralay’ is a surface-to-surface, short-range ballistic missile with a strike range of 150–500 km, capable of carrying multiple warhead types and equipped with advanced guidance systems for high precision.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Delhi Govt Partners with IIT Kanpur to Launch AI-Based Unified Grievance Redressal System: The Delhi government, in partnership with IIT Kanpur, will launch an AI-based Unified Grievance Redressal System to ensure faster complaint resolution and real-time monitoring.The system will integrate multiple grievance portals—including PGMS, LG Listening Post, and the Centralised Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System—into a single unified dashboard for smarter analysis and quicker action.Advanced AI features like semantic search, root cause analysis, automatic grievance routing, and digitisation of complaint documents will enhance efficiency, accuracy, and accountability in handling public grievances.IIT Kanpur will manage system integration, cybersecurity audits, and portal maintenance, aiming to improve transparency, efficiency, and performance-based evaluation of departments and regions in grievance resolution.

 

2. Gujarat CM Approves Establishment of Indian AI Research Organisation (IAIRO) to Boost AI R&D: Gujarat CM Bhupendra Patel granted in-principle approval for the establishment of the Indian AI Research Organisation (IAIRO) to boost AI research and development in the state.The facility will be set up as a public-private partnership (PPP) through collaboration between the State government, Central government, and Indian Pharmaceutical Alliance (IPA), with operations based in GIFT City, Gandhinagar, as a Section 8 non-profit entity.The estimated budget for the first five years is ₹300 crore, equally contributed by the State, Centre, and private partner, with IPA contributing ₹25 crore in 2025–26; the alliance includes 23 leading pharmaceutical companies such as Cipla, Sun Pharma, and Torrent Pharmaceuticals.IAIRO will function as a multidisciplinary AI hub, focusing on advanced R&D, AI product development, academic-industry-government collaboration, intellectual property creation, capacity building, and policy-oriented research, supporting sectors like healthcare, education, and agriculture.

 

3. How Climate Change Is Intensifying India’s Lead Poisoning Crisis: Lead exposure remains one of the most under-recognised public health emergencies in India — and climate change is quietly making it worse. While the phase-out of leaded petrol and incremental regulation have reduced some risks, there is still no safe level of lead in the human body. Even minimal exposure can irreversibly damage children’s brains, impair learning, and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. As climate extremes intensify, they are disturbing old reservoirs of lead in soil, water, housing and waste, compounding a crisis that already affects millions of Indians. The consequences extend far beyond individual health. Lead exposure undermines educational outcomes, reduces lifetime earnings, and erodes long-term economic productivity — costs that accumulate silently across generations.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Government Retains Interest Rates on Small Savings Schemes for 8th Straight Quarter: The government has kept interest rates unchanged for 12 small savings schemes, including PPF and Sukanya Samriddhi, for the March quarter, marking the 8th consecutive quarter with no rate revision.This decision comes despite a 125 basis points cut in the repo rate by the RBI over the past year, bringing the policy rate down to 5.25% during the ongoing easing cycle.As per the Department of Economic Affairs, PPF will continue to offer 7.1% interest, while Sukanya Samriddhi accounts will earn 8.2% during the March quarter.Collections from small savings schemes help finance the Centre’s fiscal deficit; the government plans to raise ₹3.43 lakh crore in FY26 from the National Small Savings Fund as it targets reducing the fiscal deficit to 4.4% of GDP.

 

2. ATM Numbers Decline in FY25 as Digitisation Rises, Bank Branch Network Continues to Expand: RBI Report: According to the RBI’s Trend and Progress of Banking in India for FY25, the total number of ATMs declined moderately to 2,51,057 as of March 31, 2025, primarily due to the increased digitisation of payments, which reduced customer dependence on cash transactions.Both public and private sector banks reduced their ATM networks, with private banks’ ATMs falling to 77,117 and public sector banks’ ATMs declining to 1,33,544, largely because of the closure of offsite ATMs.In contrast, independently-run white label ATMs increased to 36,216, while ATM distribution showed that PSBs had a balanced rural–urban spread, whereas private and foreign banks were concentrated in urban and metropolitan areas.Despite digital alternatives, bank branches continued to expand, rising by 2.8% to 1.64 lakh branches, with PSBs leading new openings, particularly in rural and semi-urban centres, reflecting a continued focus on financial inclusion.

 

3. India Post and SIDBI Sign MoU to Verify Informal Micro Enterprises on Udyam Assist Platform: The Department of Posts and SIDBI have signed an MoU to conduct Contact Point Verification (CPV) of informal micro enterprises registered on the Udyam Assist Platform, aiming to enhance data integrity, formalisation, and access to institutional credit.Under the collaboration, India Post will leverage its nationwide network of over 1.64 lakh post offices and trained field workforce to carry out on-ground, geo-tagged verification of enterprise details using a SIDBI-developed CPV mobile application.SIDBI, the principal financial institution for MSME development, will provide the digital platform, backend infrastructure, operational guidelines, and training, with the MoU valid for two years (Dec 31, 2025–Dec 30, 2027) and provisions for extension, data security, and compliance.

 

 

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Amit Shah Inaugurates ₹227 Crore Redeveloped Batadrava Than Honouring Srimanta Sankardeva in Assam: Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated the ₹227 crore redeveloped Batadrava Than, the birthplace of Vaishnavite saint Srimanta Sankardeva, in Assam’s Nagaon district.The decision to redevelop the site, named as Mahapurush Srimanta Sankardeva Abhirbhav Kshetra, was first proposed in the 2021-22 State budget. project has been designed not only make the historic site a major tourist attraction but also to reflect the life, ideals, and artistic heritage associated with Mahapurush Sankardeva and the broader cultural traditions of the State.

 

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