Daily GK Update- 17th Sept, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Myntra Launches Premium Ethnic Wear Brand ‘Souragya’ in Collaboration with Sourav Ganguly: Myntra Jabong India Private Ltd (MJIPL) has launched a new premium ethnic wear brand ‘Souragya’ in collaboration with Sourav Ganguly, ahead of the Durga Pujo festivities.Under the licensing agreement, MJIPL will provide its design and brand-building expertise to develop and promote Souragya.The brand aims to blend traditional West Bengal craftsmanship with contemporary design, reflecting Sourav Ganguly’s vision of showcasing authentic ethnic silhouettes.

 

2. National Agriculture Conference – Rabi Abhiyan 2025 Kicks Off in New Delhi: The ‘National Agriculture Conference – Rabi Abhiyan 2025’ began at Pusa, New Delhi, organised by the Union Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare.The conference, held as a two-day event for the first time, carries the theme ‘One Nation – One Agriculture – One Team’, focusing on coordinated agricultural efforts.Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan assured that there will be no shortage of food grains, fruits, or vegetables, aiming to make India the food basket of the world.

 

3. ADR Report Reveals 21% of Legislators in India Have Dynastic Backgrounds: An Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) analysis revealed that about 21% of sitting MPs, MLAs, and MLCs in India come from dynastic political backgrounds, with the Lok Sabha having the highest share at 31% and State Assemblies the lowest at 20%.Out of 5,204 legislators studied, 1,107 (21%) belong to established political families, highlighting the strong influence of dynastic politics in India.State-wise data shows Uttar Pradesh leading in absolute numbers with 141 dynastic members (23%), followed by Maharashtra with 129 (32%), Bihar with 96 (27%), and Karnataka with 94 (29%).In terms of proportion, Andhra Pradesh tops with 34% dynastic representation, followed by Maharashtra (32%) and Karnataka (29%), underlining the prevalence of dynastic politics in key States.

 

4. PM Modi Launched ‘Swasth Nari, Sashakt Parivar Abhiyaan’ with Poshan Maah 2025: Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the ‘Swasth Nari, Sashakt Parivar Abhiyaan’ along with the 8th edition of Poshan Maah, described as India’s largest women and child health mobilisation drive.

The initiative, led jointly by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) and the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MoWCD),make  aheadl;ine’ will focus on preventive, promotive, and curative healthcare for women, adolescent girls, and children through over one lakh health camps from September 17 to October 2.The campaign will cover screening for NCDs, cancers, anaemia, TB, sickle cell disease, maternal health, along with nutrition counselling, menstrual hygiene awareness, mental health sessions, and AYUSH-based wellness activities.It will mobilise ASHA, Anganwadi workers, ANMs, SHGs, PRI institutions, and youth volunteers under the MY Bharat initiative, with support from government and private hospitals, converging multiple ministries to boost outreach.

5. Seagram’s Royal Stag Ropes in Sidharth Malhotra, Badshah, Naga Chaitanya, and Gamer Payal Dhare as New Brand Ambassadors: Seagram’s Royal Stag appointed Sidharth Malhotra, Badshah, Naga Chaitanya, and gamer Payal Dhare as new brand ambassadors, joining existing ambassadors Rohit Sharma, Jasprit Bumrah, and Suryakumar Yadav.The selection represents Royal Stag’s strategy to connect with young consumers by covering diverse cultural sectors such as cinema, music, gaming, and cricket.The new ambassadors praised the brand’s values of courage, individuality, cultural relevance, and breaking barriers, aligning with their personal philosophies.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. 16 September – International Day of Science, Technology and Innovation for the South: International Day of Science, Technology and Innovation for the South is observed on 16 September to highlight the role of science, technology, and innovation in promoting sustainable development in developing countries.The day emphasizes the importance of science and technology in addressing global challenges, including poverty, climate change, and health crises.

It aims to strengthen international cooperation by sharing knowledge, best practices, and technological innovations among countries in the Global South.The observance also encourages investment in research and innovation to build capacity, enhance infrastructure, and foster economic growth in developing nations.

 

2. 16 September – International Day for Interventional Cardiology: International Day for Interventional Cardiology is observed on 16 September each year to raise awareness about minimally invasive cardiovascular treatments.The day highlights the role of interventional cardiology procedures such as angioplasty, stenting, and catheter-based therapies in treating heart diseases.It aims to educate the public about heart health, early detection, preventive care, and the importance of timely intervention in cardiovascular diseases.The day also recognizes and honors cardiologists, nurses, and medical teams, while promoting innovation and research in interventional cardiology.

 

3. 17 September – World Patient Safety Day: World Patient Safety Day is observed every year on 17 September, as declared by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2019.The day aims to raise awareness about patient safety, reduce risks and harm in healthcare, and promote global solidarity for safer health systems.Theme 2025 – Safe care for every newborn and every child

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Pacific Reach 2025 Exercise: The Indian Navy’s newest indigenously-built Diving Support Vessel (DSV), INS Nistar, is actively participating in the multinational Exercise Pacific Reach 2025 held in Singapore. This biennial exercise sees over 40 countries collaborating on submarine rescue operations and maritime safety. India’s involvement marks its growing role in international naval cooperation and underwater emergency preparedness. INS Nistar was commissioned on 18 July 2025. It is a Diving Support Vessel with more than 80% indigenous components, reflecting India’s push for self-reliance in defence. The vessel operates under the Eastern Naval Command. It is equipped with Side Scan Sonar for seabed mapping, Observation-class Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs), and advanced deep-sea diving systems. INS Nistar’s primary role is to serve as the mothership for India’s Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicles (DSRVs).

 

2. Freedom Edge Exercise: The trilateral military exercise “Freedom Edge” began on 15 September 2025. South Korea, the United States, and Japan are conducting the five-day drills in international waters near Jeju Island. This marks the third round of these joint exercises, following previous sessions in June and November of the prior year. The exercise aims to enhance trilateral interoperability and demonstrate a shared commitment to regional peace and stability. The “Freedom Edge” drills focus on multi-domain operations, involving air, sea, and missile defence training. Key activities include ballistic missile defence, air defence exercises, maritime interdiction, and medical evacuation training. These exercises represent the most advanced demonstration of trilateral defence cooperation to date. The drills help the three countries prepare for potential threats and improve their ability to respond collectively.

 

SPORTS

 

1. Anandkumar Velkumar Wins India’s First-Ever Gold at Speed Skating World Championships: Anandkumar Velkumar, 22, created history by winning India’s first-ever gold medal at the Speed Skating World Championships in China, clinching the senior men’s 1000m sprint title with a timing of 1:24.924s.His gold came a day after he secured India’s first senior World medal by winning bronze in the 500m sprint (43.072s) at the same championships in Beidaihe, China.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Startup India-DPIIT Partners with CarDekho Group to Boost Startup Ecosystem in Mobility, Fintech, and Emerging Tech Sectors: Startup India-DPIIT signed an MoU with CarDekho Group to strengthen India’s startup ecosystem in mobility, fintech, insurtech, and emerging technologies.

The collaboration will support DPIIT-recognised startups with mentorship, market access, technology infrastructure, and funding opportunities.Startups will benefit from CarDekho’s wide platforms, including CarDekho, InsuranceDekho, Rupyy, BikeDekho, ZigWheels, PowerDrift, Revv, CollegeDekho, and Crack-ED for collaboration and customer outreach.The partnership will also organise innovation challenges under the Bharat Startup Grand Challenge, offering domain-specific guidance and co-investment support via the Girnar Vision Fund (GVF).

 

2. Muzaffarpur Leads in Student Innovation: The district of Muzaffarpur in Bihar has emerged as the top contributor in the INSPIRE Award Standard Scheme in 2025. With 7,403 student submissions, it surpassed traditional educational hubs nationwide. This marks milestone in promoting creativity among young learners in the region. The INSPIRE Award is a government initiative by the Department of Science and Technology. It aims to nurture creativity and innovation among students from classes 6 to 10. Participants submit original ideas that are novel, practical and socially useful. Ideas are evaluated at district, state and national levels. Top innovations receive financial support and national recognition. Muzaffarpur led the nation with 7,403 ideas submitted by students from both government and private schools. This figure outpaced Bengaluru Urban (7,306) and Bagalkot (6,826). The district’s success reflects strong engagement from schools and teachers. District Education Officer Kumar Arvind Sinha credited this achievement to active participation and encouragement at the grassroots level.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. UCO Bank Gets Government Nod to Facilitate Trade Payments for Sanctioned Nayara Energy: UCO Bank has received government approval to facilitate trade payments for Nayara Energy Ltd, which was sanctioned by the European Union in July.Since being blacklisted, Nayara has requested advance payments or letters of credit before fuel shipments and has reduced operational run rates, with ships diverting from its terminal. Rosneft owns just over 49% of Nayara, which contributes around 8% of India’s refining capacity and 7% of its retail fuel network, while other banks like SBI have stopped processing its transactions.

Daily GK Update- 16th Sept, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Jal Shakti Ministry Hosts ‘Sarpanch Samvaad’ Conclave: The Ministry of Jal Shakti, in collaboration with the Ministry of Panchayati Raj, organised the Sarpanch Samvaad National Quality Conclave in New Delhi, themed ‘Viksit Gram se Viksit Bharat’, with 75 sarpanchs from 22 states discussing Localised Sustainable Development Goals.The conclave announced a 100-Day Good Governance Challenge on the Sarpanch Samvaad app, running from September 17 to December 25 (Good Governance Day), to mobilise Sarpanch-led campaigns across the country.

 

2. India Hosts BIMSTEC Young Leaders’ Summit in Guwahati to Foster Inclusive Leadership and Regional Cooperation: India hosted the BIMSTEC Young Leaders’ Summit in Guwahati, bringing together over 80 participants from all member countries to discuss inclusive leadership and cross-cultural collaboration.The summit, organized with Bharat Scouts & Guides and inaugurated by Assam Governor Laxman Prasad Acharya, featured sessions on entrepreneurship, design thinking, sustainable solutions, and cultural exchanges to foster mutual understanding.The event highlighted India’s North East as a strategic land bridge in the Bay of Bengal region and is part of the 21-point action plan announced by PM Modi at the 6th BIMSTEC Summit, aligning with India’s ‘Neighborhood First’, ‘Act East’ and ‘MAHASAGAR’ visions.

 

3. Former Bureaucrat Amit Khare Appointed as Secretary to Vice-President C. P. Radhakrishnan: The government has appointed former bureaucrat Amit Khare as Secretary to the new Vice-President C. P. Radhakrishnan, with a tenure of three years from the date of assuming charge.Khare has been serving as Advisor to the Prime Minister since October 2021, handling social sector matters, and was part of the core team behind the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.A 1985-batch IAS officer of Jharkhand cadre, Khare is an alumnus of St. Stephen’s College, Delhi, and holds an MBA from IIM Ahmedabad.He is widely known for his role in exposing the Bihar fodder scam and has previously served as Secretary, Information & Broadcasting, and Secretary, Higher Education.

 

4. Government Appoints L. Satya Srinivas as India’s Executive Director at ADB: The government has appointed Satya Srinivas, Special Secretary in the Commerce Ministry and a 1991-batch IRS officer, as Executive Director (ED), India at the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for a three-year term.Srinivas will succeed Vikas Sheel and, as India’s ED, will also represent Bangladesh, Bhutan, Laos, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan on the ADB Board of Directors.He is scheduled to retire from government service in February 2026, but will continue in the role on a contract basis under terms applicable to re-employed central government officers.

 

5. Justice M. Sundar Sworn In as 10th Chief Justice of Manipur High Court: Justice M. Sundar was sworn in as the 10th Chief Justice of the Manipur High Court, with Governor Ajay Kumar Bhalla administering the oath at Raj Bhavan.He was appointed Chief Justice, succeeding Justice Kempaiah Somashekar upon his superannuation. Prior to this, Justice Sundar served as a judge of the Madras High Court, and the ceremony was attended by political leaders, judges, senior officials, and bar representatives.

 

6. Professor Pradeep Kumar Prajapati Assumes Charge as Director of All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA): Professor Pradeep Kumar Prajapati formally took charge as the new Director of the All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), New Delhi, at a ceremony marked by traditional rituals and warm welcomes.Before this role, he served as Vice-Chancellor of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University, Jodhpur, and earlier contributed extensively to Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, besides starting his career at NIA, Jaipur.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India to Host 89th International Electrotechnical Commission General Meeting in New Delhi: India will host the 89th IEC General Meeting in New Delhi from September 15–19, with over 2,000 experts from 100+ countries; Pralhad Joshi will inaugurate, and Piyush Goyal will unveil the IEC GM Exhibition.This is the fourth time India is hosting the IEC General Meeting (earlier in 1960, 1997, and 2013), with focus on standards for a “sustainable, all-electric and connected world” through 150+ committee meetings and workshops on AI, e-mobility, and inclusivity.India will serve as the Global Secretariat for LVDC standardisation, strengthening clean energy technology efforts; IEC leaders hailed India as a “sustainability champion” with strong global public support for green solutions.

 

2. 16 September – World Ozone Day: World Ozone Day, also known as the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, is observed every year on 16 September.It commemorates the signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1987, an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out ozone-depleting substances (ODS).Theme 2025 – From science to global action.The ozone layer is crucial as it shields Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can cause skin cancer, cataracts, and harm ecosystems.In 1994, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 16 September as World Ozone Day.

 

3. 5th Coast Guard Global Summit 2027: The Indian city of Chennai will host the 5th Coast Guard Global Summit (CGGS) in 2027. This event will coincide with the 50th anniversary of the Indian Coast Guard. The summit aims to strengthen international maritime cooperation and tackle emerging challenges at sea. The decision was made unanimously at the 4th CGGS held in Rome in 2025, which saw participation from 115 countries and international organisations. The CGGS is a biennial event that brings together coast guards worldwide. It serves as a platform for dialogue on maritime security, safety, and environmental protection. The 2027 summit will feature an International Coast Guard Fleet Review and a World Coast Guard Seminar. These activities will show global unity in addressing maritime challenges. The summit will focus on maritime search and rescue, marine pollution response, and countering transnational maritime crimes. Other areas include information sharing, capacity building, training, and technical assistance. These themes reflect the need for collective action in safeguarding the maritime domain.

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Indian Navy Receives 2nd Indigenously Built Anti-Submarine Warfare Ship ‘Androth’ from GRSE: Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd. (GRSE), Kolkata, handed over the 2nd Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ANDROTH) to the Indian Navy, boosting its anti-submarine and coastal surveillance capabilities.‘Androth’, the second of eight ASW-SWC ships, is indigenously built with ~77-metre length, diesel engine-waterjet propulsion, lightweight torpedoes, and indigenous anti-submarine rockets, reflecting India’s push for defence self-reliance.The ship’s name is derived from Androth Island in Lakshadweep, symbolizing strategic maritime significance, and represents over 80% indigenous content, supporting the government’s vision of ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’.

 

2. INS Nistar Joins Multinational Exercise Pacific Reach 2025 in Singapore: INS Nistar, the Indian Navy’s latest indigenously designed Diving Support Vessel (DSV), is participating in the multinational Exercise Pacific Reach 2025 in Singapore, which includes over 40 nations.Serving as the mothership for Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicles, INS Nistar will take part in submarine rescue exercises and Subject Matter Expert Exchanges (SMEE) with other participating countries.

The exercise is conducted in two phases – harbour and sea, with the harbour phase covering discussions, medical symposiums, and cross-deck visits, while the sea phase involves rescue operations in the South China Sea with the Submarine Rescue Unit (E).

 

3. Freedom Edge Exercise: The trilateral military exercise “Freedom Edge” began on 15 September 2025. South Korea, the United States, and Japan are conducting the five-day drills in international waters near Jeju Island. This marks the third round of these joint exercises, following previous sessions in June and November of the prior year. The exercise aims to enhance trilateral interoperability and demonstrate a shared commitment to regional peace and stability. The “Freedom Edge” drills focus on multi-domain operations, involving air, sea, and missile defence training. Key activities include ballistic missile defence, air defence exercises, maritime interdiction, and medical evacuation training. These exercises represent the most advanced demonstration of trilateral defence cooperation to date. The drills help the three countries prepare for potential threats and improve their ability to respond collectively. The exercise puts stress on the strategic alignment of South Korea, the US, and Japan amid rising security challenges in the Asia-Pacific. It aims to counter growing nuclear and missile threats, particularly from North Korea. The drills also send a clear message of deterrence and solidarity. They strengthen military ties and interoperability, which are crucial for maintaining regional security and peace.

 

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. AIIMS Delhi Becomes First Govt Medical College in India to Train Doctors on da Vinci Robotic Surgery System: AIIMS Delhi has become the first government medical college in India to install Intuitive Surgical’s da Vinci robotic system for training doctors in robotic-assisted surgery at its SET (skills, e-learning, and telemedicine) facility.This is the second robotic platform at the SET centre, making AIIMS the only institute in the country with two robots exclusively dedicated to medical training.The facility already supports medical students, residents, nurses, and faculty through simulators and mannequins for hands-on practice.The da Vinci system will enable exposure to multiple specialities, including urology, gynaecology, general surgery, oncology, and head & neck surgery; older models of the robot cost between ₹8–20 crore, excluding service fees.

 

2. Pink Tax: The Pink Tax remains a pressing issue in 2025, denoting how women often pay more for similar products or services than men. This subtle form of gender-based price discrimination impacts household budgets globally. Awareness and consumer action are key to challenging this unfair practice. Pink Tax is not an official tax but a pricing pattern. It means women pay higher prices for products or services designed for them. Items like haircuts, toys, personal care products, and clothing often cost more for women. Companies benefit from this extra revenue without contributing additional taxes to governments. The term Pink Tax originated in California in 1994. Studies show women’s personal care products cost around 13% more than men’s in the U.S. Women’s clothing and accessories also have higher prices by 7-8%. Dry cleaning women’s shirts can be nearly double the price of men’s. In the U.K., women’s deodorants and moisturisers are priced higher than men’s. The United Nations has urged countries to eliminate this gender-based pricing to promote economic equality.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. SBI Raises Auto-Sweep (MOD) Threshold to ₹50,000: SBI has increased the auto-sweep (Multi Option Deposit – MOD) threshold from ₹35,000 to ₹50,000, meaning customers must now maintain a minimum of ₹50,000 in their savings account before surplus funds are converted into fixed deposits.Under the facility, surplus funds above the threshold are transferred into fixed deposits in multiples of ₹1,000, earning higher interest at prevailing term deposit rates.The scheme ensures easy liquidity through a reverse sweep, where funds are automatically moved back from MOD deposits if the savings balance falls short.Interest on MOD deposits is compounded quarterly and payable at maturity; premature withdrawal is allowed with a small penalty, while senior citizens enjoy additional interest benefits.The revision will mainly affect customers with balances just above ₹35,000, while those maintaining higher balances will still benefit from better returns with liquidity through the MOD facility.

 

2. NABARD to Launch Centralised Digital Lending Platform for Regional Rural Banks: NABARD is developing a centralised digital lending platform (CDCI) for Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) to enhance their competitiveness against NBFCs and microfinance institutions, streamlining end-to-end credit delivery.Following the One State-One RRB policy, the number of RRBs has reduced from 43 to 28 through amalgamation, aiming to achieve scale efficiencies, cost rationalisation, and operational effectiveness.The CDCI platform is designed to digitise, automate, and streamline credit processing, offering more agile and efficient solutions than current loan origination systems, with rollout expected by end of September 2025. RRBs operate 22,158 branches across 26 states and 3 UTs, with 92% in rural or semi-urban areas; NABARD plans to support them in innovative loan products like housing loans with default guarantees and MSME financing to deepen financial inclusion.

Daily GK Update- 15th Sept, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. PM Narendra Modi to Inaugurate 4th Edition of World Food India 2025 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi: The 4th edition of World Food India (WFI) 2025, a global mega food event, will be inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 25th September 2025 at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, in the presence of Union Minister Chirag Paswan.Organised by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI), the event will take place from 25–28 September 2025 with the aim of positioning India as the “Food Hub of the World” through collaboration, innovation, and investments in the food processing sector.Building on the success of its previous editions, the 4th edition will serve as a premier global platform, bringing together policymakers, industry leaders, entrepreneurs, investors, and researchers to promote growth in the food processing value chain.

New Zealand and Saudi Arabia have been designated as Partner Countries, while Japan, UAE, Vietnam, and Russia will join as Focus Countries, enhancing bilateral cooperation, trade, and knowledge exchange in the sector.

 

2. NIFT Patna and ABFRL Sign MoU to Train and Empower Rural Women of Jeevika SHGs in Bihar: NIFT Patna and Aditya Birla Fashion & Retail Limited (ABFRL) signed an MoU in the presence of Union Textiles Minister Giriraj Singh to empower rural women of Bihar’s self-help group (SHG) Jeevika.Under this initiative, Jeevika Didis will receive training at NIFT Patna in garment manufacturing, quality control, and machinery operation, preparing them for jobs at ABFRL’s upcoming textile unit in Begusarai.The collaboration creates a structured pathway from skill development to employment, strengthening the Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society’s Jeevika programme, supported by the Government of India and the World Bank.

 

3. PM Modi Inaugurates India’s First Bamboo-Based Ethanol Plant in Assam: PM Narendra Modi inaugurated India’s first bamboo-based ethanol plant in Golaghat, Assam, a ₹5,000-crore “zero-waste” facility, and also laid the foundation stone of a ₹7,230-crore polypropylene plant at Numaligarh Refinery.The bioethanol plant will benefit farmers and tribal communities, sourcing five lakh tonnes of green bamboo annually from four northeastern States to produce ethanol, acetic acid, furfural, and food-grade carbon dioxide.Built as a joint venture between NRL, Finland’s Fortum, and Chempolis OY, the plant is expected to boost Assam’s rural economy by ₹200 crore and reflects the government’s decision to remove the ban on bamboo cutting.

 

4. Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla Inaugurates National Conference on Women’s Empowerment in Tirupati: Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla inaugurated a two-day National Conference on the Parliamentary and Legislative Committee on Empowerment of Women in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, along with an exhibition and a souvenir release.He emphasized that nation’s progress is possible only with equal participation of women, highlighting the government’s initiatives to support women’s development.Om Birla underlined that a law ensuring 33% reservation for women in legislatures has already been enacted, marking a major step towards women’s empowerment.

5. Ministry of Ayush Joins ‘Swasth Nari Sashakt Parivar Abhiyaan’ to Promote Women’s Health and Holistic Well-being: The Ministry of Ayush is participating in the Swasth Nari Sashakt Parivar Abhiyaan, a 16-day national health campaign launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare to promote women’s health and well-being.The campaign will include health check-ups and screening camps for non-communicable diseases such as cancers, anaemia, tuberculosis, and sickle cell disease, along with lifestyle counselling, yoga sessions, and Prakriti Pareekshan.It will also address corporate burnout through Ayurveda-inspired wellness programs and yoga-based mindfulness practices, and promote women’s well-being by distributing home remedies, nutrition kits, and herbal teas.The initiative aims to ensure comprehensive healthcare for women from pregnancy to palliative care, supported by daily Ayush health tips and holistic well-being practices.

 

6. 14 September – Hindi Diwas: Hindi Diwas, observed annually on September 14, celebrates Hindi as India’s official language and emphasises its role in promoting national unity, cultural identity, and linguistic heritage.The day marks the adoption of Hindi in the Devanagari script as the official language by the Constituent Assembly on September 14, 1949, with the first Hindi Diwas celebrated in 1953.

 

7. 15 September – Engineer’s Day: Engineer’s Day in India is observed on 15th September to honour the birth anniversary of Bharat Ratna Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya (1861–1962), one of the nation’s most eminent engineers.The day highlights the contribution of engineers in nation-building, technological advancement, and infrastructure development.Theme 2025 – Engineering solutions for a sustainable worldSir M. Visvesvaraya is celebrated for his innovative irrigation systems, flood control techniques, and the design of the Krishna Raja Sagara Dam in Karnataka.Engineer’s Day was first celebrated in 1968, and since then it has served as a tribute to engineers who drive India’s growth and modernization.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. 18th Inclusion International World Congress “We Are Inclusion” Kicks Off in Sharjah: The 18th Inclusion International World Congress, themed “We Are Inclusion,” was held at Expo Centre Sharjah, marking its first-ever edition in the MENA region and bringing together over 850 participants from 74 countries.Organised by Sharjah City for Humanitarian Services in collaboration with Inclusion International, the three-day congress will feature 59 discussion panels with 152 speakers, including UN representatives, government ministers, academics, and self-advocates.The event will focus on inclusive education, employment, healthcare, legal frameworks, and self-advocacy, aiming to generate actionable recommendations for equitable and inclusive policies worldwide.

 

2. 15 September – International Day of Democracy: International Day of Democracy is observed on 15th September every year to promote and uphold the principles of democracy worldwide.The United Nations General Assembly established the day in 2007, encouraging governments to strengthen democratic values and practices.Theme 2025 – Ensuring effective governance of AI at all levelsThe day emphasises human rights, freedom, the rule of law, and citizens’ participation in governance as key pillars of democracy.

 

3. World’s First Koala Vaccine: The Australian veterinary regulator recently approved the world’s first vaccine to protect koalas from chlamydia infections. This breakthrough comes after over a decade of research by the University of the Sunshine Coast in Queensland. The vaccine is a single-dose treatment that reduces disease symptoms and mortality in wild koala populations by at least 65%. It is now authorised for use in wildlife hospitals, veterinary clinics, and field conservation efforts. Chlamydia causes urinary tract infections, infertility, blindness, and death in koalas. The disease severely affects breeding-age animals and contributes to roughly half of all koala deaths in the wild. Infection rates in some colonies, especially in southeast Queensland and New South Wales, reach 50 to 70%. Antibiotic treatments disrupt koalas’ digestion of eucalyptus leaves, their sole food source, often resulting in starvation. The vaccine was developed under the guidance of Professor Peter Timms. It is a single-dose vaccine requiring no booster shots. Trials showed reductions in disease symptoms and mortality. The vaccine’s approval allows widespread use to protect vulnerable koala populations and slow the disease’s rapid spread.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

 

SPORTS

 

1. India Finish Runners-Up in Women’s Hockey Asia Cup 2025: India finished as runners-up in the Women’s Hockey Asia Cup after losing 1-4 to China in the final at Hangzhou, with Navneet Kaur scoring the only goal for India.China’s Zixia Ou, Hong Li, Meirong Zou, and Jiaqi Zhong netted goals to secure the title victory.With this win, China qualified directly for the 2026 FIH Women’s Hockey World Cup in Belgium and the Netherlands, while India will have to play qualifiers.

 

2. Sarvesh Kushare Becomes First Indian High Jumper to Reach World Championships Final: Sarvesh Kushare becomes the first Indian high jumper to reach the finals at the World Athletics Championships.In Tokyo, he cleared the mark of 2.25m to finish in the top 12 of the men’s high jump qualification round. This is his maiden entry in the final.

 

3. Amit Shah Inaugurates India’s Largest Sports Complex in Ahmedabad’s Naranpura: Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated India’s largest and most modern sports complex at Naranpura, Ahmedabad.Built at a cost of 825 crore rupees, the complex features a world-class aquatic complex and state-of-the-art facilities for indoor and outdoor sports, along with training and residential amenities for athletes.

 

4. Minakshi Hooda and Jaismine Lamboria Win Gold at 2025 World Boxing Championships: India’s Minakshi Hooda (48kg) and Jaismine Lamboria (57kg) won gold medals at the World Boxing Championships 2025 in Liverpool, defeating Nazym Kyzaibay and Julia Szeremeta, respectively.

With their victories, they joined India’s elite list of world boxing champions, which includes Mary Kom, Nikhat Zareen, Sarita Devi, Jenny RL, Lekha KC, Nitu Ghanghas, Lovlina Borgohain, and Saweety Boora; India recorded its best-ever overseas performance with four medals.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Sarcoidosis: Sarcoidosis remains a complex inflammatory disease affecting multiple organs. Recent research marks its variable course and the critical role of early diagnosis. This knowledge base page summarises key facts and insights for better understanding of sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is an immune disorder where clusters of inflammatory cells called granulomas form in organs. The lungs are most commonly affected. The exact cause is unknown but involves genetic factors, immune overactivity, and environmental triggers. Granulomas disrupt normal organ function and may lead to complications. Symptoms depend on the organs involved. Lung sarcoidosis causes cough, breathlessness, and chest discomfort. Skin symptoms include rashes and nodules. Eye involvement can lead to redness and blurred vision. Some patients show no symptoms and are diagnosed incidentally. Fatigue and weight loss are also common signs.

 

2. Supreme Court Issues Uniform DNA Evidence Guidelines: The Supreme Court of India recently issued comprehensive guidelines to ensure the integrity of DNA samples in criminal investigations. This move aims to standardise procedures across all states to prevent contamination and delays in forensic analysis. The guidelines were prompted by a case involving serious crimes where lapses in sample handling compromised the investigation. The court found delays and unexplained gaps in sending vaginal swab samples to forensic laboratories. The chain of custody was not maintained, raising the risk of contamination. Although states manage police and public order, the Supreme Court intervened to create uniform protocols for DNA evidence handling across India. The court has emphasised that DNA profiles are reliable only if proper procedures are followed both in the laboratory and during collection and transport. Past rulings have rejected DNA evidence due to contamination risks or improper storage. Courts have also noted that DNA evidence is opinion evidence under the Indian Evidence Act and its probative value depends on scientific and procedural rigour.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. RBI Launches Interactive Microsite to Educate Public on Indian Banknotes and Security Features: The portal provides detailed insights into design and security features of banknotes, including a unique 360-degree view to distinguish genuine notes from counterfeit ones.It incorporates multimedia tools like videos, audio guides, animations, and interactive games to make learning about currency more accessible and enjoyable.A dedicated section explains the process for exchanging old, damaged, or withdrawn notes, ensuring clarity for the public and strengthening financial literacy.

 

2. India’s Agrochemical Exports Triple to $3.3 Billion in a Decade, Becomes Third-Largest Exporter Globally: India’s agrochemical exports almost tripled in a decade, rising from $1.3 billion in FY15 to $3.3 billion in FY25, making the country the third-largest exporter after China and the US, according to a report by ACFI and Deloitte.To sustain growth, the Agro-Chemicals Federation of India (ACFI) has urged the government to introduce a PLI scheme, tax holidays, and manufacturing hubs, reducing import dependence on key molecules.The Indian agrochemical market is valued at around ₹69,000 crore in FY24, with exports contributing 51% by value. It is dominated by insecticides (41%), herbicides (22%), and fungicides (21%), with herbicides being the fastest-growing segment.Key crop segments like rice, cotton, wheat, soybean, chillies, grapes, sugarcane, and gram contribute 65% of the domestic market, while Maharashtra-Goa and Andhra Pradesh-Telangana clusters lead state-wise sales, together accounting for 43%.

Daily GK Update- 14th Sept, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Fast Track Immigration Programme: The Fast Track Immigration-Trusted Traveller Programme (FTI-TTP) was launched by Union Home Minister Amit Shah in September 2025. This initiative accelerates immigration for pre-verified Indian nationals and Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) cardholders at designated airports. The programme aims to reduce waiting times and streamline immigration procedures in line with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of speed, scale and scope. After its initial launch in July 2024 at Indira Gandhi International Airport, the FTI-TTP was extended to seven major airports including Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Cochin and Ahmedabad. Recently, it was further expanded to five additional airports – Lucknow, Thiruvananthapuram, Tiruchirappalli, Kozhikode and Amritsar. The programme is planned to cover 21 major airports across India, including upcoming hubs like Navi Mumbai and Jewar.

 

2. Cyrtodactylus vanarakshaka: Recent research has identified a new bent-toed gecko species in the montane forests of central Assam’s Dima Hasao district. Named *Cyrtodactylus vanarakshaka*, this discovery marks Assam’s rich biodiversity and the critical role of forest conservation. The species belongs to the *Cyrtodactylus khasiensis* group, known for its unique morphology and limited geographical range. The species was found on the forested slopes of Jatinga in the Barail Hills, ecological transition zone. The name *vanarakshaka* comes from Sanskrit, meaning “forest protector”. It honours the Assam Forest Department for its dedication to preserving the region’s forests and wildlife. The naming also pays tribute to frontline staff who have sacrificed their lives in forest protection efforts. Researchers used both physical characteristics and molecular analysis to confirm the species. It exhibits distinct features that separate it from other members of the *Cyrtodactylus khasiensis* group. This group is known for high endemism, meaning species are often found only in specific, limited areas.

 

3. Red Ivy Plant: Recent research at the Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden & Research Institute (JNTBGRI), Kerala, has led to the development of a novel wound-healing pad. This innovation uses nanotechnology and a bioactive molecule from the red ivy plant (Strobilanthes alternata). The product promises efficient wound care with natural and synthetic components combined. Scientists at JNTBGRI identified acteoside, a powerful natural compound, in red ivy for the first time. Acteoside is known for its pharmacological properties but had not been linked to this plant before. This discovery underpins the wound pad’s healing effectiveness. The wound-healing pad features a multi-layered structure. It includes a thin electro-spun nanofibre layer made from biodegradable, non-toxic polymers. This layer ensures gas exchange, allowing the wound to breathe. Acteoside is incorporated at a low concentration of 0.2%, alongside the antibiotic neomycin sulfate. The polymers used are FDA-approved, ensuring safety and compatibility.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Brazil’s Supreme Court Sentences Former President Jair Bolsonaro to 27 Years in Prison for Coup Plot: Brazil’s Supreme Court sentenced zto 27 years and 3 months in prison for plotting a coup to stay in power after losing the 2022 election, making him the first ex-president in the country’s history convicted for attacking democracy.A panel of five justices delivered the verdict, with four voting to convict him on multiple charges including organising a coup, attempting to violently abolish democracy, and taking part in an armed criminal organisation, while one judge voted to acquit.Justice Carmen Lucia said the case reflected Brazil’s past, present, and future, noting strong evidence that Bolsonaro acted with the purpose of eroding democracy and institutions.

 

2. India Backs UN Resolution on Palestine Two-State Solution: India recently voted in favour of a United Nations General Assembly resolution endorsing the New York Declaration. This resolution calls for a peaceful settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict through the implementation of a two-state solution. The resolution was adopted with 142 countries supporting, 10 opposing, and 12 abstaining. India’s vote reflects its longstanding foreign policy stance supporting Palestinian self-determination and dialogue-based peace. The New York Declaration was introduced by France and co-chaired with Saudi Arabia during a high-level UN conference in July 2025. It aims to end violence in Gaza and establish a sovereign Palestinian state alongside Israel. The declaration urges collective international action for a lasting peace in the region. India’s vote aligns with the majority of nations advocating the two-state solution. It reaffirms India’s commitment to peaceful dialogue and the rights of Palestinians. India’s stance reinforces its balanced approach to Middle East diplomacy, seeking stability and justice through negotiation rather than conflict.

 

3. NASA Finds Potential Biosignatures on Mars Surface: NASA’s Mars rover Perseverance has discovered the strongest signs yet that life might have existed on Mars. In 2024, the rover analysed a rock named Cheyava Falls and detected chemical and structural features suggesting possible ancient microbial activity. This discovery has sparked global interest in extraterrestrial life. However, the evidence remains inconclusive and requires further study. The rover found the Cheyava Falls rock during its exploration. Instruments detected clay, silt, organic carbon, sulphur, oxidised iron, and phosphorus in the sample. These materials on Earth often preserve signs of past microbial life. The rock’s chemical makeup hints at electron-transfer reactions that microbes use to generate energy. This combination is a potential biosignature. Biosignatures are objects or structures indicating possible biological origin. They may form by living organisms or through non-biological processes. The substances found could have been created without life, making the evidence ambiguous. Scientists must distinguish between biological and abiotic origins to confirm life’s presence.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. SAMBHAV Secures Military Communications: India has made leap in defence technology with the deployment of SAMBHAV, its first fully indigenous secure mobile communication system. This development was prominently showcased during Operation Sindoor in 2025. The Indian Army used SAMBHAV-enabled smartphones instead of foreign apps, ensuring secure and encrypted communication free from external surveillance. This marks a milestone in India’s journey towards technological sovereignty and digital security in defence. Operation Sindoor was a critical military operation where the Indian Army relied solely on the SAMBHAV ecosystem. The Army Chief, General Upendra Dwivedi, confirmed that foreign communication apps like WhatsApp were completely replaced by the homegrown M-Sigma app running on SAMBHAV devices. This ensured that sensitive command and control messages remained confidential and immune to hacking or interception. The operation demonstrated the effectiveness of combining strategic planning with robust indigenous technology.

 

2. Exercise Siyom Prahar: The Indian Army recently conducted Exercise Siyom Prahar from 8 to 10 September 2025 in Arunachal Pradesh. This major field training exercise focused on validating the use of drone technology in modern tactical operations. Held in realistic battlefield conditions, the exercise marked a key milestone in enhancing operational preparedness by integrating drones across various combat roles. Exercise Siyom Prahar aimed to test and develop new tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) for future battlefields. The primary goal was to ensure drones could be seamlessly employed alongside traditional forces. The exercise emphasised the need for rapid decision-making and effective integration of drone data with conventional firepower. Drones were used for persistent surveillance and battlefield reconnaissance. They also played roles in target acquisition and precision strikes. This wide scope demonstrated the transformative impact of unmanned aerial systems in improving combat effectiveness and situational awareness.

 

3. INS Aravali: The Indian Navy commissioned INS Aravali, a new shore-based facility in Gurugram, in September 2025. This base enhances India’s maritime domain awareness and information warfare capabilities. Positioned in the National Capital Region, INS Aravali acts as a critical node in the Navy’s command and control network. It embodies technological advancement and strategic collaboration across oceans, reinforcing India’s maritime security posture. INS Aravali is located in Gurugram, a key area within the National Capital Region. This strategic placement supports the Navy’s information and communication centres. It strengthens the Navy’s command network by linking various naval platforms and allied partners. The base is vital for real-time maritime awareness and operational resilience.

 

 

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Albania Appoints World’s First AI-Generated Minister to Fight Corruption: Albania has appointed the world’s first AI-generated government minister named Diella, with the aim of making the nation corruption-free.Prime Minister Edi Rama added Diella as a digital minister in his cabinet, responsible for overseeing public tenders.Diella will ensure 100% transparency and corruption-free procedures in public fund tenders.Since its launch, Diella has been presented as a woman wearing traditional Albanian attire and has been assisting people with navigating government services online.

 

2. DeFi Risks and Regulation Amid Growing Global Adoption: Decentralised Finance (DeFi) has seen rapid global growth by 2025. It offers innovative financial services without traditional banks. However, concerns have risen about its misuse for illicit activities, especially terrorist financing. This calls for urgent regulatory attention and risk management. By mid-2025, DeFi users reached 14.2 million wallets worldwide. The market is projected to grow from $30.07 billion in 2024 to $178.63 billion by 2029 at a 43% annual rate. India ranks third in DeFi value according to the 2024 Global Crypto Adoption Index. DeFi platforms use blockchain technology to offer services such as savings, lending, remittances, and insurance via smart contracts and decentralised applications. DeFi operates without intermediaries like banks. Transactions happen peer-to-peer through smart contracts on blockchains. Users access DeFi via digital wallets that often require minimal or no identity verification. Multiple wallets can be created easily without providing personal details such as phone numbers or emails. This anonymity facilitates fast access but also creates vulnerabilities.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. India Explores Isobutanol Blending With Diesel Fuel: India is advancing its biofuel strategy by testing 10% isobutanol blends with diesel. The Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) is conducting trials after ethanol-diesel blends failed to meet expectations. This shift aims to boost energy security, support farmers, and reduce fossil fuel imports. Ethanol blending has been a key biofuel policy in India, especially in petrol. The country achieved 20% ethanol blending ahead of schedule. However, ethanol’s use with diesel faced technical barriers. Its corrosive nature and water absorption caused engine and pipeline issues. Despite this, ethanol blending raised farmer incomes . Corn prices doubled due to increased ethanol demand, benefiting rural economies. Isobutanol is a four-carbon alcohol used industrially as a solvent. It offers higher energy density than ethanol, closer to diesel’s energy content. It absorbs less water, reducing corrosion risks. These traits make it a promising diesel blend component. Isobutanol can also be used as a standalone fuel or mixed with compressed natural gas (CNG) for agricultural machinery.

 

2. UK-India Infrastructure Financing Bridge: The UK-India Infrastructure Financing Bridge (UKIIFB) marked its first anniversary in September 2025. The initiative, launched jointly by the Indian and U.K. governments in 2024, aims to boost infrastructure investment in India. Despite initial project delays, the focus has shifted to eight strategic recommendations to de-risk investments. The second year emphasises renewable energy and improving India’s global competitiveness in infrastructure finance. UKIIFB was created to channel investments into India’s infrastructure sector. India requires $2 trillion by 2030 to meet its infrastructure needs. The initiative is led by the City of London Corporation from the U.K. side and NITI Aayog from India. It aims to attract global investors by addressing risks and inefficiencies in Indian infrastructure projects. The first year revealed that initial projects were dropped. The main challenges include regulatory complexity, operational risks, and limited competition. The infrastructure sector is dominated by a few large firms, reducing innovation and efficiency. India’s procurement processes need alignment with global standards like the U.K.’s Five Case Model. Transparency and predictability in construction remain concerns for investors.