Daily GK Update- 25th Dec, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. FM Sitharaman Chairs Finance–Corporate Affairs ‘Chintan Shivir’ to Review Policy and Development Challenges: Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, along with MoS Harsh Malhotra, chaired the ‘Chintan Shivir’ of the Ministries of Finance and Corporate Affairs to deliberate on key policy and governance issues.The brainstorming session was attended by Finance and Corporate Affairs Secretaries, Chairpersons of CBDT and CBIC, the Chief Economic Adviser, and senior officers from related departments.During her address, Sitharaman highlighted the historical significance of the Vijayanagara region, describing it as one of the closest examples of India at its imperial peak about 500 years ago.She also emphasized present-day developmental challenges in the region, pointing to the coexistence of grand monuments with drought-prone areas, low agricultural productivity, and human-animal conflict.

 

2. India Hands Over Three Quick Impact Projects to Myanmar to Boost Socio-Economic Development: India handed over three Quick Impact Projects (QIPs) to Myanmar, aimed at enhancing the socio-economic well-being of people in Mandalay RegionA flexible rapier loom, a modern high-tech weaving machine made in India, was installed at the Saunder Weaving and Vocational Institute in Amarapura to promote vocational education in weaving.A new single-storey building for the Girls Training School in Mandalay was inaugurated, providing a safe, spacious, and comfortable learning environment for young students.The third QIP focuses on tar-free and dry type gasification of agricultural waste, supporting rural electrification, clean energy, environmental conservation, and local capacity-building.

 

3. MoHUA Launches 10th Edition of Swachh Survekshan 2025–26: MoHUA launched the 10th edition of Swachh Survekshan (2025–26) in Bhopal, marking a decade of the world’s largest urban cleanliness survey under Swachh Bharat Mission–Urban (SBM-U); the toolkit was released by Union Minister Shri Manohar Lal.The theme “Swacchata Ki Nayi Pehel – Badhayein Haath, Karein Safai Saath” highlights citizen participation and collective responsibility as key drivers of urban sanitation and waste management reforms.Citizen feedback weightage has been significantly increased, with round-the-year participation enabled through digital platforms like Vote For My City, MyGov App, Swachhata App, and QR-code interfaces.The survey’s geographical scope has expanded to include all river towns across India and a separate assessment framework for coastal areas, addressing region-specific sanitation challenges.

 

4. Salman Khan: The Sultan of Bollywood – Mohar Basu (publish by HarperCollins India): HarperCollins India will publish Salman Khan: The Sultan of Bollywood by award-winning author Mohar Basu, a celebration of the life, stardom, and cinematic legacy of superstar Salman Khan.The book offers more than a biography, presenting a fan’s tribute through iconic roles, memorable dialogues, hit songs, rare photographs, and fan anecdotes, capturing Salman Khan’s larger-than-life journey.Authored by Mohar Basu, Chief Correspondent (Entertainment) at Midday and a 2024 Indian Achievers Club “40 Under 40” honoree.

5. Centre Bans New Mining Leases in Entire Aravalli Range: In a major conservation initiative, the Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has imposed a complete ban on the grant of new mining leases across the entire Aravalli range, extending from Delhi to Gujarat. The decision seeks to curb illegal and unregulated mining while safeguarding one of the world’s oldest and most ecologically fragile mountain systems. The Aravalli range plays a vital environmental role in north-western India. It acts as a natural barrier against desertification from the Thar, supports diverse flora and fauna, aids groundwater recharge, and provides essential ecosystem services to populations across the National Capital Region, Rajasthan, Haryana and Gujarat. Decades of unregulated mining have led to severe ecological degradation, triggering repeated judicial and administrative interventions. According to directions issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, the prohibition on new mining leases will apply uniformly across the entire Aravalli landscape, irrespective of state jurisdictions. The Centre has emphasised a landscape-level approach, aiming to preserve the Aravallis as a continuous geological and ecological system rather than fragmented forest patches.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India Announces $450 Million Relief Package to Support Sri Lanka’s Post-Cyclone Recovery: India announced a $450 million relief and reconstruction package to support Sri Lanka’s recovery from Cyclone Ditwah, as stated by External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar.The announcement was made in Colombo, where Jaishankar affirmed that India stands firmly with Sri Lanka during the post-cyclone recovery phase.The package includes $350 million in concessional Lines of Credit and $100 million in grants, targeting sectors most affected by the cyclone.

 

2. How Cyclones Over the North Indian Ocean Have Changed — and Why the Risk Is Growing: Cyclonic disturbances over the North Indian Ocean — covering the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and adjoining land areas — have undergone profound changes over the last century. While the total number of disturbances has declined from mid-20th century highs, their geography, intensity and timing have shifted in ways that make them more destructive and harder to manage. These trends matter deeply for India’s disaster preparedness, coastal planning and climate adaptation strategy. Long-term data from 1900 to 2025 shows that cyclonic disturbances follow an inverted U-shaped trend. In the early decades of the 20th century, the North Indian Ocean averaged fewer than 10 disturbances annually. Activity rose sharply through the 1930s, stabilising at over 15 disturbances per year until the 1970s.This period marked the most cyclone-active phase in the historical record. The subsequent decades, however, saw a pronounced decline. By the 2000s, the 10-year rolling average had fallen to around eight — the lowest in over a century. Although the 2010s and 2020s show a rebound, today’s activity remains well below the mid-century peak.

 

3. Global Trade in 2025: Tariffs, Uncertainty, and the Search for New Rules: The past year has underscored how global trade is being reshaped less by multilateral consensus and more by unilateral power and strategic bargaining. From reciprocal tariffs imposed by the United States to China’s weaponisation of critical minerals, trade policy in 2025 has been marked by unpredictability and fragmentation. For countries navigating this churn, the challenge is no longer just market access, but managing systemic uncertainty in the global trading order. True to his election rhetoric, “Donald Trump” moved quickly to operationalise reciprocal tariffs, announcing them on what his administration termed “Liberation Day”, barely weeks after returning to office. Despite subsequent exemptions and sector-specific carve-outs, the tariffs were rolled out in August and have since become a central feature of US trade policy.While the President’s authority to impose such tariffs has been challenged before the “Supreme Court of the United States”, the broader signal is clear: unilateralism is no longer an aberration. In fact, the presence of safeguard clauses against substitute tariffs (such as those under Section 232) in existing US trade agreements — including with South Korea — suggests that partners now factor in the permanence of this approach.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. IOL–Safran Pact Boosts Make-in-India Defence Manufacturing: India Optel Limited (IOL) signed a collaboration agreement with Safran Electronics & Defense to manufacture two high-precision, combat-proven defence systems in India under the Make-in-India initiative.The systems include the SIGMA 30N Digital Ring Laser Gyro Inertial Navigation System and the CM3-MR Direct Firing Sight, used in artillery, missiles, air defence, radars, and anti-drone systems.Under the agreement, IOL will handle manufacturing, final assembly, testing, quality control, and full life-cycle support to meet the operational requirements of the Indian Army.

 

2. Indigenous ASW Craft Anjadip Inducted into Indian Navy, Boosting Maritime Self-Reliance: The Indian Navy inducted Anjadip, the third of eight indigenous Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC), designed and built by GRSE, Kolkata, with delivery taking place in Chennai.The ASW SWC project is being executed under a Public–Private Partnership between GRSE and L&T Shipyard, Kattupalli, highlighting India’s progress in self-reliant defence shipbuilding.The vessel is named after Anjadip Island near Karwar, Karnataka, and revives the legacy of the erstwhile INS Anjadip, a Petya-class corvette decommissioned in 2003.With Anjadip’s induction, GRSE delivered five warships in a single year, making it the 115th warship built and the 77th delivered to the Indian Navy.

 

 

 

 

SPORTS

 

1. Pro Wrestling League Unveils New Logo Ahead of 2026 Season Comeback: The Pro Wrestling League (PWL) unveiled its new official logo ahead of the 2026 season, marking the league’s return after a seven-year hiatus and its revival under new management.Scheduled to resume in January 2026, the WFI-sanctioned league will feature top Indian and international wrestlers, aiming to re-establish itself on the global stage.The modern red-and-blue logo, inspired by the traditional wrestling mat, symbolizes strength, balance, and competitive spirit, reflecting PWL’s vision of a world-class professional platform for wrestlers.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. FM Nirmala Sitharaman Launches ‘VijAIpatha’ to Introduce AI and STEM Education in Government Schools: Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman launched ‘VijAIpatha’, a pilot AI education initiative to equip government school students with AI, STEM, robotics, coding and digital innovation skills.The programme is being implemented by Cyient Foundation in partnership with the Karnataka government and was inaugurated at Government Girls’ PU College, Amaravati (Hosapete taluk, Vijayanagara district).Under the pilot, five world-class AI, STEM and Robotics labs will be set up in government schools, benefiting over 2,000 students (Classes 6–10); more than 100 teachers have already been trained.The CSR-led initiative will provide AI-ready computers, robotics kits, IoT devices and broadband connectivity, with an investment of ₹1 crore over three years, positively impacting around 6,000 households.

 

2. ISRO Successfully Launches US AST SpaceMobile’s BlueBird Block-2 Communication Satellite: ISRO successfully launched the United States’ AST SpaceMobile BlueBird Block-2 communication satellite from the Second Launch Pad, Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

The payload, BlueBird Block-2, is a 6.5-tonne communication satellite, making it the heaviest commercial satellite deployed to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) by LVM3 from India.This launch marks the sixth operational flight of ISRO’s LVM3 heavy-lift vehicle, which has previously succeeded with missions like Chandrayaan-3 and OneWeb constellation deployments.BlueBird Block-2 is designed to provide space-based cellular broadband directly to unmodified smartphones, aiming to revolutionize connectivity in remote and underserved areas.

 

3. Indian Coast Guard inducts First Pollution Control Vessel at Goa Shipyard Limited: The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) inducted its first Pollution Control Vessel (PCV), Samudra Pratap, at Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL), marking a major step in indigenous shipbuilding.Samudra Pratap is equipped with advanced technology, including a 30 mm CRN-91 gun, two 12.7 mm stabilised remote-controlled guns, a shaft generator, Sea boat davit, Pollution Response boat, and a high-capacity external firefighting system.The vessel features retractable stern thruster, Dynamic Positioning System, flush-type side sweeping arms, and major Pollution Control equipment, with over 60% indigenous content, supporting Atmanirbhar Bharat and Make in India initiatives.It will serve as a critical platform for marine pollution control, maritime law enforcement, search and rescue operations, and protection of India’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. ADB Approves $650 Million Loan to Boost Rooftop Solar Adoption Under PM Surya Ghar Yojana in India: Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved a $650 million policy-based loan to support India’s rooftop solar expansion, aiming to provide clean and affordable energy to 10 million households by 2027.The funding will back the government’s flagship scheme Pradhan Mantri Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana (PMSGMBY), which promotes nationwide adoption of residential rooftop solar systems.Under PMSGMBY, households installing rooftop solar systems up to 3 kW will receive subsidies of 60% (up to 2 kW) and 40% (2–3 kW), along with access to collateral-free, low-interest loans.The program supports India’s climate goals by targeting 30 GW rooftop solar capacity, reducing 28.8 million tonnes of CO₂ annually, creating green jobs, enhancing skills of 5,000 personnel (including 1,500 women), and strengthening the power sector.

 

2. Mswipe Technologies Secures RBI’s Final Payment Aggregator Licence: Mswipe Technologies received the RBI’s final Payment Aggregator (PA) licence, enabling it to operate across both online and physical payment acceptance channels under a unified regulatory framework.The licence allows Mswipe to onboard merchants, aggregate digital and in-person payments, and facilitate inward and outward cross-border transactions, expanding its scope beyond point-of-sale solutions.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Ravi Deecee Honoured with France’s Chevalier de l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres for Literary Contributions: Malayalam publisher Ravi Deecee, Managing Director of DC Books, was awarded the Chevalier de l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, one of France’s highest cultural honours, for his contribution to literature and cross-cultural exchange.The award was conferred by the French Ambassador to India, H.E. Thierry Mathou, at a ceremony held at the Embassy of France.Under Ravi Deecee’s leadership, DC Books emerged as a leading Indian publishing house, with a strong focus on translating world literature—especially French works—into Malayalam.

 

Daily GK Update- 24th Dec, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. NCVET Recognises Flipkart as Awarding Body (Dual) to Strengthen Industry-Led Skilling in E-commerce: CVET, under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, has recognised Flipkart as an Awarding Body (Dual) to strengthen industry-led vocational education in the e-commerce and logistics sector.The collaboration aims to create nationally recognised, benchmarked skilling pathways aligned with the Skill India Mission, enhancing workforce employability in India’s rapidly growing e-commerce ecosystem.The partnership will enable Flipkart to develop standardized, high-quality training and certification programmes, with a special focus on improving employability for youth from underprivileged backgrounds.

 

2. Union Tourism Ministry to Set Up City-Level Convention Promotion Bureaus to Boost MICE Tourism from 2026: The Union Ministry of Tourism will establish independent, city-level Convention Promotion Bureaus from 2026, in partnership with stakeholders, to strengthen India’s MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions) tourism ecosystem.Global MICE Positioning: With world-class venues like Bharat Mandapam, Yashobhoomi, and Jio World Centre, and MICE tourism prioritised under the Incredible India campaign, the initiative aims to position Indian cities as globally competitive MICE destinations.Strategic Roadmap & Industry Support: The initiative was complemented by a Round Table Summit on the Indian MICE Industry Roadmap for the next five years and the launch of IEIA’s report “India MICE Opportunities Overview (2025–2030)”, highlighting institutional and technological support for sector growth.

 

3. PM Modi Inaugurates India’s First Nature-Themed Airport Terminal at Guwahati’s LGBI Airport: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the new terminal building of Lokapriya Gopinath Bardoloi International Airport in Guwahati, Assam, built at a cost of ₹4,000 crore and recognised as India’s first nature-themed airport terminal.The new terminal has an annual capacity of over 13 million passengers, making it the largest airport terminal in Northeast India and a major aviation hub and gateway to Southeast Asia.Developed by Adani Airports Holdings Limited, the terminal reflects regional identity through bamboo and orchid-inspired designs, with the overall project involving close coordination between the Centre and the Assam government.

 

4. “Shunya Se Shatak” Programme Held in Indore to Commemorate Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s Birth Centenary: The “Shunya Se Shatak: Ek Shatabdi Atal Bharat Ki” programme was held in Indore, Madhya Pradesh on 21 December to commemorate the 100th birth anniversary year of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.Key Dignitaries and Tributes: The event was attended by Vice‑President C. P. Radhakrishnan, Governor Mangubhai Patel, and Chief Minister Mohan Yadav, among others, with cultural tributes, felicitation of eminent personalities, performances, and screenings reflecting Vajpayee’s life and legacy.Organised by the Atal Foundation at Daly College’s auditorium, this programme served as a significant highlight in the year‑long centenary celebrations of Vajpayee across the country.

 

5. Bihar Cabinet Approves Saat Nischay-3 (2025–2030) to Transform State into Developed Economy: Bihar Cabinet approved Saat Nischay-3 to be implemented from 2025 to 2030, aiming to place the State among India’s developed states, building on the success of the previous two programmes.The programme focuses on seven pillars — Double Employment-Double Income, Prosperous Industry-Empowered Bihar, Progress in Agriculture, Advanced Education-Bright Future, Accessible Health-Secure Life, Strong Foundation-Modern Expansion, and Respect for All-Easy Life — targeting income, employment, industries, agriculture, health, education, infrastructure, and ease of living.Includes women’s employment schemes with financial support, development of industrial areas and sugar mills, promotion of agriculture (including Makhana production), establishment of the Higher Education Department and Education City, and expansion of health infrastructure through block and district-level hospitals.

 

6. Punjab Becomes First State to Implement Amended Bharat Net Scheme Across Entire State: Punjab has emerged as the first state in India to implement the amended Bharat Net Scheme across the entire state, enabling live monitoring of border areas from anywhere in the country.Under the scheme, internet and broadband services have been extended to 43 shadow areas, with only one village left, which is expected to be covered by the end of November.The Bharat Net Scheme aims to provide broadband connectivity to all Gram Panchayats, households, and institutions, while promoting e-health and e-governance services in rural areas.

 

7. Rashtra Prerna Sthal Inaugurated to Honour Atal Bihari Vajpayee : Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Rashtra Prerna Sthal in Lucknow on Thursday, marking the 101st birth anniversary of former Prime Minister and Bharat Ratna awardee Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The national memorial has been dedicated to preserving and promoting the life, ideals and legacy of Vajpayee and other key figures of Indian nationalism. Spread across 65 acres in the Vasant Kunj area of Lucknow, the Rashtra Prerna Sthal features towering bronze statues of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Syama Prasad Mookerjee and Deendayal Upadhyaya. Each statue stands 65 feet tall and symbolises the ideals, philosophy and contribution of these leaders to India’s political and social thought. Adjacent to the memorial is a state-of-the-art museum designed in the form of a lotus, spread over nearly 98,000 square feet. The Prime Minister visited the museum, which showcases India’s national journey and the seminal contributions of the three leaders through immersive digital displays and modern exhibition technologies. The museum aims to offer visitors an educational and engaging understanding of leadership, governance and nation-building.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India and New Zealand Conclude Historic Free Trade Agreement: India and New Zealand have successfully concluded a historic and ambitious Free Trade Agreement (FTA), announced by PM Narendra Modi and New Zealand PM Christopher Luxon after a telephonic conversation.

The FTA negotiations, initiated during PM Luxon’s visit to India in March, were completed in a record time of nine months, reflecting strong political will and shared ambition.The agreement will deepen bilateral economic engagement, improve market access, boost investment flows, and strengthen strategic cooperation between the two countries.The FTA is expected to double bilateral trade within five years and facilitate over USD 20 billion investment from New Zealand into India over the next 15 years, benefiting innovators, farmers, MSMEs, students, and youth.

 

2. HCLTech Secures Multi-Year Deal to Modernise ASN Bank’s Digital Operations in the Netherlands: IT services firm HCLTech has secured a multi-year contract with ASN Bank (formerly de Volksbank) to modernise the Dutch retail bank’s digital operations.The partnership aims to consolidate IT services and simplify the vendor landscape, improving operational efficiency.HCLTech will manage enterprise applications and deliver services through a distributed delivery model to enhance efficiency and customer experience.The collaboration marks a significant step for HCLTech in expanding its presence in the Dutch banking sector, supporting future-ready banking operations.

 

3. 21 December – World Basketball Day: World Basketball Day is observed every year on 21 December to celebrate the global popularity and unifying power of basketball.The day marks the anniversary of the first official basketball game, played on 21 December 1891, after the sport was invented by Dr. James Naismith.The occasion encourages youth participation and grassroots development, recognising basketball as a tool for peace, education, and healthy lifestyles worldwide.

 

4. 21 December – World Meditation Day: World Meditation Day is observed annually on 21 December to highlight the importance of meditation in promoting mental well-being, inner peace, and emotional balance.Theme 2025 – Inner Peace, Global Harmony; One World, One Family; Healing the World From WithinThe day emphasises meditation as a powerful tool for stress reduction, mindfulness, and improved concentration in today’s fast-paced world.It encourages individuals and communities to adopt meditation as a daily practice for holistic health, combining mental, emotional, and spiritual wellness.World Meditation Day also recognises meditation’s role in fostering harmony, compassion, and peace at both individual and societal levels.

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. DRDO and Rashtriya Raksha University Sign MoU to Strengthen Defence and Internal Security Collaboration: DRDO and Rashtriya Raksha University (RRU) signed an MoU to strengthen collaboration in research, education, training, and technology support for defence and internal security.The agreement aims to enhance India’s self-reliance in defence and internal security technologies, integrating academic research, technological innovation, and operational insights.Under the MoU, the institutions will undertake joint research projects, doctoral and fellowship programmes, specialised training, and studies on emerging operational challenges, contributing to a robust ecosystem for innovation and skill development in defence and internal security.

 

SPORTS

 

1. Smriti Mandhana Becomes First Indian Woman to Score 4,000 T20I Runs as India Beat Sri Lanka in Series Opener: Smriti Mandhana became the first Indian woman batter to score 4,000 runs in Women’s T20 Internationals, achieving the feat during the first T20I against Sri Lanka at the ACA-VDCA Stadium.Mandhana is only the second woman globally after Suzie Bates to cross 4,000 T20I runs and did so in the fewest balls faced (3,227), underlining her consistency and strike efficiency.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Gujarat Becomes First State to Launch Large-Scale Genome Sequencing Project for Tribal Communities: Gujarat has become the first state in India to launch a large-scale genome sequencing project focused exclusively on tribal communities. The project is being led by the Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC) to decode the genetic blueprint of tribal populations.The initiative aims to develop customised diagnostics, treatment strategies, and long-term preventive healthcare based on genetic insights.The project targets early detection of genetic diseases like thalassemia and sickle cell anaemia, enabling low-cost diagnostic panels, prenatal screening, and embryo-level testing during IVF.

 

2. India to Assume Vice Chair Role in Kimberley Process: India has taken over as a Vice Chair of the Kimberley Process from 25th December and will assume the chairpersonship of the global initiative from January 1 next year. The development marks a significant step in India’s expanding role in shaping international trade governance, particularly in the regulation of the global diamond industry. The Kimberley Process is a tripartite international initiative involving governments, the global diamond industry and civil society organisations. It was established to prevent the trade in conflict diamonds, which are used by rebel movements to finance armed conflict against legitimate governments. The initiative has emerged as the most comprehensive international mechanism governing the rough diamond sector. Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal said India’s selection as Vice Chair reflects global confidence in the country’s commitment to integrity, transparency and responsible trade practices. He noted that India’s leadership role underlines its credibility as a trusted partner in multilateral economic frameworks and its ability to balance commercial interests with ethical standards.

 

3. LVM3 Rocket Boosts Confidence for Gaganyaan Mission: The Indian Space Research Organisation has reaffirmed confidence in its human spaceflight ambitions following the successful launch of the BlueBird Block-2 communication satellite using the LVM3 rocket. ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan highlighted that the same launch vehicle has been earmarked for the upcoming Gaganyaan programme, underlining India’s growing technological maturity in space exploration. Speaking to the media, ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan emphasised that the LVM3 rocket has maintained a 100 per cent success rate since 2017. He noted that this flawless performance significantly strengthens confidence as the rocket undergoes human-rating for the Gaganyaan mission. According to him, the consistent success of LVM3 provides a strong foundation to move forward with India’s first crewed spaceflight programme. ISRO successfully launched the BlueBird Block-2 communication satellite of US-based AST SpaceMobile from the Satish Dhawan Space Station, Sriharikota, at 8:55 am IST. The satellite was placed accurately into its intended orbit, and the mission was declared a success. The BlueBird Block-2 spacecraft is the heaviest payload ever launched into Low Earth Orbit by the LVM3 rocket, marking a milestone in India’s heavy-lift launch capability and its role in the global commercial launch market.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Brajesh Kumar Singh Appointed as MD & CEO of Canara Bank: Brajesh Kumar Singh has been appointed as the Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Canara Bank.

Singh brings extensive experience in banking operations, management, and strategic planning, positioning him to drive growth and innovation at the bank.His appointment is expected to strengthen Canara Bank’s leadership, enhance operational efficiency, and support its long-term business and financial objectives.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. PGIMER Chandigarh Named Best Health Technology Assessment Institute for Second Consecutive Year: PGIMER, Chandigarh, has been awarded the Best Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Institute in India for the second consecutive year by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW).The honour was conferred at the ARISE 2025 national conclave held at Sushma Swaraj Bhawan, New Delhi, organised by Health Technology Assessment in India (HTAIn) under the MoHFW.PGIMER’s achievement is driven by its HTA Resource Hub under the Department of Health Research, led by Prof Shankar Prinja, which has played a key role in building national capacity for evidence-based health decision-making.

 

Daily GK Update- 23rd Dec, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. Meghalaya Mandates Khasi and Garo in Early Education to Strengthen Cultural Roots: Meghalaya has made Khasi and Garo mandatory in the curriculum up to Class-1 to simplify learning and strengthen cultural identity from the foundational years.New textbooks will be optional in the coming academic year and will become compulsory from the next session, considering schools have already finalised syllabi.Approval was given for a ₹25-crore Mission Mode HIV/AIDS project, mandatory green building certification for large constructions, new cooperative financing society, and arrangements for hosting the 39th National Games.

 

2. Jammu & Kashmir Inaugurates First Gen Z Post Office at AIIMS Vijaypur: Jammu and Kashmir inaugurated its first Gen Z Post Office at the AIIMS Vijaypur campus, marking a major step in modernising postal services.Launched under the Department of Posts’ modernisation initiative, the facility offers a contemporary ambience, digital payments, and simplified service delivery tailored for Generation Z.The post office provides postal, banking, and insurance services together, enhancing convenience for students and staff on campus.

 

3. President Assents to Viksit Bharat (Gramin) Act: The President has given assent to the Viksit Bharat—Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Act, 2025, replacing MGNREGA, 2005 and aligning rural employment policy with the vision of Viksit Bharat @2047.The Act increases the statutory wage employment guarantee to at least 125 days per rural household per financial year, strengthening livelihood security, income stability, and the right to demand employment.States may notify up to 60 days of aggregated pause during peak agricultural seasons while retaining the full 125-day guarantee; weekly or within 15 days wage payments are mandated, with compensation for delays.Wage employment is integrated with the creation of durable rural assets across priority areas like water security, core rural infrastructure, livelihoods, and climate resilience, using bottom-up planning via Viksit Gram Panchayat Plans and national convergence platforms.

 

4. PM Modi Lays Foundation for ₹10,601-Crore Fertiliser Plant in Assam: PM Narendra Modi inaugurated the ₹10,601-crore brownfield ammonia-urea plant in Dibrugarh, Assam, set to be commissioned by 2030.The new Assam Valley Fertiliser and Chemical Company Ltd (AVFCCL) plant will have an annual urea production of 12.7 lakh metric tonnes, enhancing the region’s fertiliser output.AVFCCL is a joint venture among the Assam Government, Oil India, National Fertilisers Ltd (NFL), Hindustan Urvarak & Rasayan Ltd (HURL), and BVFCL, combining public and state expertise.The plant will be the first in India to use associated natural gas as a primary raw material for producing nitrogenous fertiliser, leveraging sustainable and efficient resources.

 

5. IIFL Finance Appoints Former RBI Deputy Governor B P Kanungo as Non-Executive Chairman: India Infoline Finance Limited (IIFL) has appointed P. Kanungo, a former Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, as non-executive chairman of its board, bringing extensive regulatory and central banking expertise.Kanungo has over four decades of experience in monetary policy, financial regulation, and central banking, having served as Deputy Governor of the RBI (2017–2021) and as a member of the Monetary Policy Committee.As chairman, he will lead the board in strategic direction, enhance governance standards, and ensure the protection of interests of shareholders, customers, regulators, and other stakeholders.

 

6. 23 December -Kisan Diwas: 23rd December is observed as Kisan Diwas (Farmer’s Day) in India to honour the contributions of farmers to the nation.The day marks the birth anniversary of Chaudhary Charan Singh, the 5th Prime Minister of India, known for his work towards farmers’ welfare.Kisan Diwas highlights the vital role of farmers in food security, rural economy, and sustainable agriculture in India.

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. PM Modi Releases Commemorative Ashwagandha Postal Stamp at WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine: At the 2nd WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine in New Delhi, Prime Minister Narendra Modi released a commemorative postal stamp on Ashwagandha, symbolising India’s commitment to promoting traditional medicine globally.The stamp highlights the scientific and cultural value of Ashwagandha, a key medicinal herb in Ayurveda known for stress reduction, immunity enhancement, and overall well-being, and reinforces India’s efforts to promote AYUSH systems internationally.The release serves as a symbolic and educational initiative, acting as a cultural ambassador to spread awareness of India’s traditional medicinal heritage and its vision of integrating traditional medicine with modern healthcare systems.

 

2. CERT-In Warns of GhostPairing Threat Targeting WhatsApp Users : The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team has issued a high-severity advisory warning of an active cyber threat campaign targeting WhatsApp users across India. The attack, known as GhostPairing, enables cybercriminals to hijack WhatsApp accounts without passwords or SIM swaps, raising fresh concerns over messaging platform security amid rising digital fraud. According to Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, GhostPairing exploits WhatsApp’s multi-device feature. The attack tricks users into entering a legitimate-looking pairing code, unknowingly granting an attacker’s browser access as a hidden, trusted device. Once linked, the attacker gains full control of the victim’s WhatsApp Web session without triggering alerts on the primary phone. The campaign typically begins with a message appearing to come from a trusted contact, often saying “Hi, check this photo.” The message contains a link with a Facebook-style preview that redirects users to a fake viewer page. Victims are then prompted to “verify” by entering their phone number and a code. CERT-In noted that this seemingly harmless process results in complete account takeover, without any SIM compromise.

 

3. Australia Invites Israeli President After Bondi Beach Shooting: Australia has announced plans to invite Israel’s president for an official visit following a deadly antisemitic attack in Sydney that targeted the Jewish community. The move comes amid national mourning and renewed political focus on combating rising antisemitism and ensuring community safety across the country. Anthony Albanese said his government would formally invite Isaac Herzog to Australia as soon as possible, following established diplomatic protocol. In a public statement, Albanese said he felt a deep sense of responsibility in the wake of the attack and reaffirmed the government’s commitment to protecting Australia’s multicultural fabric. The invitation will be issued by the Governor-General on the advice of the Australian government. The announcement followed a mass shooting at Bondi Beach in Sydney, where gunmen killed 15 people during a Hanukkah event on December 14. Australian authorities have described the incident as an antisemitic terrorist attack. The assault has shaken the nation and prompted urgent discussions on hate crimes, domestic security, and gun control measures.

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. Centre to set up statutory Bureau of Port Security to strengthen maritime security framework: Union Home Minister Amit Shah convened a high-level meeting to initiate the creation of a dedicated Bureau of Port Security (BoPS) aimed at strengthening the security of ships and port infrastructure across India.The Bureau of Port Security will be set up as a statutory body under Section 13 of the Merchant Shipping Act, 2025, functioning under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, with responsibilities for regulatory oversight and coordination of port security.The proposed security framework will follow a graded and risk-based approach, factoring in vulnerabilities, trade potential, geographical location, and emerging threats, including cyber security, with a dedicated division to protect port IT systems.CISF has been designated as a Recognised Security Organisation for ports, responsible for security assessments, preparation of security plans, and training and certification of private security agencies, while the BoPS will be headed by a Director General of IPS rank, modeled on BCAS.

 

2. India–Russia Conduct Joint Air Exercise AviaIndra to Strengthen Defence and Aerospace Cooperation: The Indian Air Force is hosting Exercise AviaIndra with the Russian Federation Aerospace Force (RFASF), continuing the bilateral air exercise series that began in 2014.Personnel from both countries are conducting joint flying operations on platforms such as Su-30 MKI, Tejas, IL-78 aircraft and Mi-17 helicopters, focusing on operational coordination.The exercise aims to enhance bilateral defence cooperation, promote mutual understanding, and strengthen aerospace synergy by sharing best practices and lessons learned

 

3. Indian Coast Guard Commissions ICGS Amulya: The Indian Coast Guard commissioned ICGS Amulya, the third vessel of the new-generation Adamya-class Fast Patrol Vessels, at Goa, with the ceremony attended by senior officials from the Ministry of Defence and Goa Shipyard Limited.Built by Goa Shipyard Limited, the 51-metre vessel has over 60% indigenous content, reflecting India’s Atmanirbhar Bharat and Make in India initiatives; Amulya means “priceless”.Powered by two 3000 kW diesel engines, ICGS Amulya can achieve a top speed of 27 knots with an operational endurance of 1,500 nautical miles, and is equipped with advanced integrated navigation, machinery, and power management systems.Based at Paradip, Odisha, the vessel will strengthen maritime security along the eastern seaboard by undertaking missions such as surveillance, search and rescue, anti-smuggling, interdiction, and pollution response.

 

4. INSV Kaundinya to Begin Maiden Overseas Voyage: INSV Kaundinya, the Indian Navy’s unique stitched sailing vessel that revives India’s ancient shipbuilding and maritime traditions, will undertake her maiden overseas voyage on December 29, 2025. The historic journey marks a symbolic return to India’s long-standing seafaring legacy and its deep civilisational links across the Indian Ocean. The vessel will be flagged off from Porbandar in Gujarat and will sail to Muscat in Oman, retracing historic maritime routes that once connected the Indian subcontinent with West Asia and beyond. The voyage reflects India’s enduring maritime engagement with the Indian Ocean region, which facilitated trade, cultural exchange and diplomatic ties for centuries. INSV Kaundinya has been constructed entirely using the traditional stitched-plank technique, a method once widely practised along India’s coastline. Unlike modern ships, the wooden planks of the vessel are stitched together using coconut coir rope and sealed with natural resins. This technology, devoid of metal fastenings, enabled ancient Indian mariners to undertake long-distance oceanic voyages to Africa, Southeast Asia and West Asia well before the advent of modern navigation tools.

 

SPORTS

 

1. NASA Loses Contact with MAVEN Mars Orbiter: NASA has lost contact with its Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft, a long-serving Mars orbiter that has been studying how the Red Planet’s atmosphere is escaping into space. The spacecraft went silent in early December, and engineers are continuing efforts to re-establish communication and assess its status. Launched by NASA in November 2013, MAVEN entered Mars orbit in September 2014 and was designed to study the planet’s upper atmosphere and ionosphere. Its instruments measure gases, ions, solar wind and magnetic interactions, helping scientists understand how Mars transitioned from a warmer, wetter planet to the cold and arid world seen today. Though planned as a two-year mission, MAVEN has operated for more than a decade on extended duty. Beyond science, MAVEN plays a crucial operational role by relaying data between Earth and surface missions such as Curiosity and Perseverance. With MAVEN currently silent, NASA has shifted relay duties to other orbiters, including the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Odyssey, while also coordinating with European Mars orbiters to ensure continuity.

 

2. MYAS Launches Comprehensive Internship Policy for Sports Ecosystem: The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports has launched a Comprehensive Internship Policy to create a structured, large-scale platform for nurturing young talent and strengthening India’s sports ecosystem. The initiative aims to provide meaningful exposure to sports governance, administration and allied professional domains, while building a future-ready talent pipeline aligned with India’s long-term sporting ambitions. Under the new policy, 452 internships will be offered annually across the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports and its autonomous bodies. These include the Sports Authority of India, the National Anti-Doping Agency and the National Dope Testing Laboratory. The programme targets college and university students, offering first-hand experience in sports administration, governance, sports science, anti-doping, event management and athlete support services. Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports Mansukh Mandaviya said the initiative would empower young minds to contribute meaningfully to India’s sporting journey. He emphasised that the transformation of the sports ecosystem requires skilled professionals and institutional support, and the internship programme opens avenues for youth to gain hands-on experience and participate in nation-building through sports.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. Subansiri Lower Project Unit-2 Commissioned, Boosting Clean Power: Union Minister of Power, Housing and Urban Affairs Manohar Lal on Monday inaugurated the commercial operation of Unit–2 (250 MW) of the 2,000 MW Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project through virtual mode. The commissioning marks a major milestone in India’s largest hydropower project and reinforces the country’s commitment to clean, sustainable energy, particularly for the North-East region. Speaking at the event, Manohar Lal described the commissioning as more than a technical achievement, calling it a result of years of dedication and teamwork. He said the Subansiri project symbolises India’s resolve to expand renewable energy, strengthen the national grid and advance long-term Net Zero goals, while accelerating development in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and the wider North-East. With Unit-2 now operational, the project is moving towards commissioning three more units of 250 MW each in the near term. The remaining four units are scheduled for phased commissioning during 2026–27. Once fully commissioned, the Subansiri Lower Project will generate 7,422 million units of renewable electricity annually, significantly enhancing India’s green energy capacity and grid resilience.

 

2. National Consumer Day 2025 Highlights Digital Justice Push: National Consumer Day is observed across India on December 24 every year to underline the importance of consumer rights and effective consumer protection. The day marks the anniversary of the President’s assent to the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, which laid the foundation for a structured consumer rights regime in the country. Over the years, the observance has evolved into a platform to assess reforms, promote awareness and strengthen grievance redressal mechanisms. In 2025, National Consumer Day is guided by the theme “Efficient and Speedy Disposal through Digital Justice”. The theme reflects India’s growing emphasis on technology-enabled consumer grievance redressal systems that ensure accessibility, transparency and faster outcomes. The observance highlights responsible consumer behaviour while encouraging institutions to adopt modern, citizen-centric practices.

 

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Piramal Finance to Sell 14.72% Stake in Shriram Life Insurance to Sanlam for ₹600 Crore: Piramal Finance has signed a share purchase agreement to sell its entire 14.72% equity stake in Shriram Life Insurance Company Ltd (SLIC) to Sanlam Emerging Markets (Mauritius) Ltd for ₹600 crore.The deal is expected to be completed by the quarter ending March 31, 2026, subject to necessary regulatory approvals, including clearance from IRDAI.SLIC contributed ₹12.68 crore to Piramal Finance’s FY25 revenue, accounting for just 0.12% of its total revenue, mainly through dividend income.

 

2. MUFG Bank to Acquire 20% Stake in Shriram Finance for ₹39,618 Crore in India’s Largest Financial Services FDI: Shriram Finance has entered into definitive agreements with Japan’s MUFG Bank for a ₹39,618 crore ($4.4 billion) investment to acquire a 20% stake via a preferential share issue, marking India’s largest FDI in a financial services company.MUFG will be allotted over 471 million shares at ₹840.93 per share and will have the right to appoint two nominee directors to Shriram Finance’s board.The transaction may lead to a credit rating upgrade for Shriram Finance and provides MUFG a clear pathway to gradually acquire a controlling stake, subject to RBI approvals, including a $200 million non-compete fee signalling long-term strategic intent.

 

3. Airtel Payments Bank Enables EV Wallet Recharges via Bharat Connect on Airtel Thanks App: Airtel Payments Bank, in partnership with NPCI Bharat BillPay, has enabled electric vehicle (EV) wallet recharges on the Airtel Thanks app through the Bharat Connect (BBPS) platform.The facility allows users to instantly top up EV charging point operator (CPO) wallets linked with Bharat Connect, eliminating the need to use multiple operator-specific apps and ensuring secure, interoperable payments.Customers can recharge EV wallets by selecting the “Recharge EV” option in the Airtel Thanks app, entering their registered mobile number and amount, with instant credit to the EV wallet across India.

 

AWARDS AND HONOURS

 

1. Chennai Team Wins Global Honour at NASA’s 2025 Space Apps Challenge with Satellite Internet Innovation: An Indian team’s satellite internet concept emerged as a global winner of NASA’s 2025 International Space Apps Challenge. The Chennai-based team, Photonics Odyssey, proposed a sovereign, phased-array satellite internet infrastructure to expand broadband access across remote regions and won the Most Inspirational Award.The project aims to reduce ground dependency and help connect more than 700 million people in India who currently lack access to broadband connectivity. The winning team members, according to NASA Space Apps, are Manish D., M. K., Prasanth G., Rajalingam N., Rashi M., and Sakthi R.The 2025 edition of its flagship global hackathon brought together more than 1 lakh 14 thousand participants across 5 hundred and 51 local events in 1 hundred and 67 countries and territories.