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Sunday, July 27, 2025

Daily GK Update- 27th July, 2025

 

NATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India Post and NPCI International Join Forces to Transform Global Remittances via UPI and Postal Network: The Department of Posts (DoP) and NPCI International Payments Limited (NIPL) signed a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) to collaborate on revolutionising inward remittances to India through a UPI-based system integrated with the Universal Postal Union (UPU) Interconnection Platform.The initiative aims to modernise cross-border payment services by offering a secure, seamless, and affordable remittance option for the Indian diaspora, leveraging the strengths of UPI and the trusted global postal network.By combining UPI’s real-time transaction capability with the widespread reach of the postal system, the partnership seeks to expand access to financial services, especially in remote or underserved areas.

 

2. PM Modi Becomes India’s Second-Longest Serving Prime Minister, Surpasses Indira Gandhi’s Record: Prime Minister Narendra Modi has become the second-longest-serving Prime Minister of India in consecutive terms, compl0eting 4,078 days in office, surpassing Indira Gandhi’s record of 4,077 days; only Jawaharlal Nehru served longer with 16 years and 286 days.Modi, aged 74, first took office on May 26, 2014, and has now served over 11 years and 60 days as Prime Minister. He is also the first and only PM born after Independence, and the longest-serving non-Congress Prime Minister.He is the only non-Congress leader to serve two full terms and be re-elected twice with a clear majority, and the first sitting PM since Indira Gandhi in 1971 to return to power with a full mandate.Narendra Modi has won six consecutive elections as a party leader – three in Gujarat (2002, 2007, 2012) and three Lok Sabha polls (2014, 2019, 2024), making him the only Indian leader to achieve this across state and national levels.

 

3. Utpal Kumar Singh Appointed as New CEO of Sansad TV: Utpal Kumar Singh, currently serving as Secretary-General of the Lok Sabha, has been appointed as the CEO of Sansad TV, replacing Rajit Punhani, a 1991-batch IAS officer of the Bihar cadre.Sansad TV is a public broadcaster that telecasts live parliamentary proceedings, and Singh’s appointment comes during the ongoing restructuring of media and communication roles within Parliament.

 

4. Uma Kanjilal Appointed First Woman Vice Chancellor of IGNOU After Four Decades: Professor Uma Kanjilal has become the first woman Vice Chancellor of Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), four decades after its establishment, marking a significant milestone in the university’s history.With over 36 years of experience in Open and Distance Learning (ODL), she brings expertise in digital education, library science, and academic leadership, having previously served as Pro Vice Chancellor and acting Vice Chancellor at IGNOU.

 

5. Anuradha Thakur Appointed as Director on the RBI Central Board: Anuradha Thakur, Secretary of the Department of Economic Affairs, has been nominated as a Director on the Central Board of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) by the Central Government.She replaces Ajay Seth, who has been appointed as the new Chairman of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI).

 

INTERNATIONAL UPDATES:

 

1. India and Indonesia Sign MoU to Boost Sustainable Palm Oil Production and Policy Alignment: The Indian Vegetable Oil Producers’ Association (IVPA) and the Indonesian Palm Oil Association (IPOA) signed a 3-year MoU during the IVPA conference in New Delhi to enhance cooperation in the palm oil sector, focusing on productivity, sustainability, and policy alignment.The agreement emphasises joint research, technology transfer, and sharing of best practices to increase productivity while reducing environmental impact.A key focus is developing a sustainability roadmap that promotes certified sustainable palm oil, improves traceability, and ensures the inclusion of smallholder farmers.

 

2. 25 July – World Drowning Prevention Day: World Drowning Prevention Day is observed annually on 25 July, following its declaration by the UN General Assembly in April 2021 (Resolution A/RES/75/273), to raise awareness about the devastating impact of drowning and promote preventive actions.Drowning claims an estimated 236,000 lives each year globally, making it a major public health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries with poor water safety infrastructure.It is the 3rd leading cause of unintentional injury-related deaths, accounting for 7% of all such fatalities, and is a top cause of death among children and young people aged 1–24 years.

 

3. 25 July – International Day for Women and Girls of African Descent: The International Day for Women and Girls of African Descent is observed every year on July 25th to recognise and honour their contributions, identity, and rights.Women and girls of African descent often face multiple layers of discrimination—racial, gender-based, and socio-economic—making them one of the most marginalised groups globally.The day highlights the need for inclusive policies, cultural affirmation, and human rights-based approaches to empower and uplift women and girls of African heritage.

 

4. 25 July – International Day on Judicial Well-being: The International Day on Judicial Well-being is observed every year on 25th July to recognise the mental, emotional, and physical well-being of judges and judicial officers.The day highlights the importance of a healthy judicial ecosystem, promoting work-life balance, mental health support, and institutional reforms to reduce stress and burnout in the judiciary.Ensuring judicial well-being is vital for maintaining judicial independence, efficiency, and integrity, as well as upholding the rule of law in a fair and just manner.

 

 

OTHER UPDATES:

DEFENCE

 

1. France to Recognise Palestinian State in 2025: France has announced it will officially recognise the State of Palestine in September 2025. This decision marks the first time a G7 nation will grant formal recognition. The announcement is expected to be made during the UN General Assembly session in New York. French President Emmanuel Macron emphasised the urgent need to end the war in Gaza, secure humanitarian aid, and achieve a lasting peace in the Middle East. France’s recognition follows escalating conflict in Gaza after Hamas’s attack on Israel in October 2023. Macron called for an immediate ceasefire, the release of hostages, and demilitarisation of Hamas. He stressed the importance of rebuilding Gaza and ensuring the viability of a Palestinian state that accepts Israel’s security. Palestinian leaders welcomed the move as support for their right to self-determination. Israel and its key allies, including the US and the UK, strongly opposed the decision.

 

2. India Tests ULPGM-V3: India achieved milestone in defence technology with the successful test-firing of the UAV Launched Precision Guided Missile (ULPGM)-V3. Conducted at the National Open Area Range (NOAR) in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, this trial marks a major boost to India’s missile capabilities. The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) led the development and testing, reflecting India’s growing self-reliance in advanced defence systems. The ULPGM-V3 is a precision-guided missile launched from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It is designed for high accuracy strikes on ground targets while minimising risks to personnel. This variant is an extended-range version, building on earlier models like ULPGM-V2. It incorporates advanced technologies such as imaging infrared (IIR) seekers and dual-thrust propulsion systems. The missile suits modern battlefield demands with its lightweight and versatile design.

 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

1. NASA Launches TRACERS Mission to Study Earth’s Magnetic Shield and Space Weather Impacts: NASA successfully launched the TRACERS mission (Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites) aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from California’s Vandenberg Space Force Base to study how Earth’s magnetic field shields us from space weather.

The twin TRACERS satellites will fly in tandem, just 10 seconds apart, through the polar cusp — an open region of Earth’s magnetic field near the North Pole — to investigate magnetic reconnection, a powerful process where magnetic field lines from the Sun and Earth snap and realign, releasing energy.Over the next year, TRACERS will collect a record 3,000 measurements, helping scientists better understand how solar wind impacts Earth’s space environment and providing insights that could improve protection for satellites, astronauts, and power grids.Launched alongside TRACERS were NASA’s Athena, PExT, and REAL missions, which aim to demonstrate new space technologies and gather valuable scientific data, with all satellites successfully deployed and undergoing initial contact and commissioning procedures.

2. Global Tobacco Epidemic: The global tobacco epidemic continues to pose a severe health threat in 2025. Despite decades of awareness, tobacco use claims millions of lives annually. Women face unique health challenges linked to tobacco. New nicotine products complicate control efforts. Effective policies remain crucial to curb tobacco-related deaths worldwide. Tobacco use causes around 7.3 million deaths yearly. Over the past 30 years, tobacco-related deaths have reached 200 million. Smoking is a leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. Many of these diseases are preventable. The tobacco industry still aggressively markets products, increasing the global health burden.

 

3. Mycorrhizal Fungi Hotspots: Recent studies reveal that over 90 per cent of mycorrhizal fungi hotspots lie outside protected areas. These fungi are crucial for nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration and plant health. Despite their importance, they have been largely ignored in climate and conservation policies. The Society for the Protection of Underground Networks (SPUN) has created a digital atlas to map their global distribution. This effort aims to raise awareness and promote the inclusion of mycorrhizal fungi in environmental agendas. Mycorrhizal fungi live symbiotically with more than 80 per cent of plant species. They help plants absorb nutrients such as phosphorus from the soil. They also capture carbon dioxide released by plant roots, storing about 13 billion tonnes of CO2 annually. This amount equals roughly one-third of global fossil fuel emissions. These fungi support soil health, plant growth and ecosystem stability.

 

4. NASA’s TRACERS Mission: NASA’s TRACERS mission recently launched to study how Earth’s magnetic shield protects the planet from space weather effects. The twin satellites aim to understand magnetic reconnection, a key process in space weather that influences phenomena such as the aurora and satellite disruptions. TRACERS will operate in low Earth orbit, passing through the polar cusps where solar wind interacts with Earth’s magnetosphere. TRACERS was launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from California’s Vandenberg Space Force Base. Along with TRACERS, three small NASA satellites—Athena EPIC, PExT, and REAL—were deployed to test new technologies and collect scientific data. Communication with both TRACERS satellites was established within hours after deployment. The mission entered a four-week commissioning phase to check instruments and systems before starting its main scientific operations.

 

BANKING AND FINANCE

 

1. Direct Benefit Transfer in Fertilizer Subsidy System: The Government of India continues to implement the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) system for fertilizer subsidies as of 2025. This system ensures that subsidies reach farmers directly through fertiliser companies based on actual sales verified by Aadhaar authentication at retail points. The scheme guarantees subsidised fertiliser supply to all farmers without discrimination. Under the DBT system, fertiliser companies receive 100% subsidy on various fertiliser grades based on actual sales to farmers. Sales are authenticated through Point of Sale (PoS) devices linked to the beneficiaries’ Aadhaar numbers. This method prevents diversion and ensures transparency. All farmers, irrespective of size, access fertilisers at subsidised rates. The scheme operates on a no-denial basis, meaning any Aadhaar-verified farmer can purchase fertilisers with subsidy benefits.

 

2. PM Viksit Bharat Rozgar Yojana: The Government of India has introduced the PM Viksit Bharat Rozgar Yojana (PM-VBRY), a major employment-linked incentive scheme starting from 1 August 2025. The scheme aims to generate over 3.5 crore new jobs in two years. It focuses on inclusive and sustainable employment, especially in the manufacturing sector. With a budget of Rs 99,446 crore, the scheme targets first-time workers and supports employers to boost job creation. PM-VBRY is designed to accelerate economic growth through job-led development. It incentivises both employees and employers to create and sustain employment. The scheme runs from August 2025 to July 2027. It is divided into two parts – Part A for first-time employees and Part B for employers generating additional jobs.

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